Physical

Science
 Introduction to Physical
Science
Physical science is the study of the inorganic world, which is the
nonliving world. It does not study living things, which are studied in
biological, or life, science. The four main branches of physical science
are astronomy, physics, chemistry, and the Earth sciences, which include
meteorology and geology.
 Products produced from the
study of Physical Science
Electronic devices
the study of physical science
helps us understand how
matter and energy behave.
This understanding is
essential for designing and
building electronic devices
Transportation
The study of mechanics is
used to understand how
vehicles move. Mechanics is
the study of forces and
motion, and it is essential for
understanding how vehicles
move.
Medical devices
The study of materials science is used
to understand how materials interact
with the body. Materials science is the
study of the properties of materials,
and it is essential for understanding
how materials interact with the body
 Lesson 1.1:

The formation of the

elements during the Big Bang
 Lesson Objective:

Give evidence and describe

the formation of light
elements during the big bang
Definition of Terms
Quarks - are elementary particles that make up protons and neutrons, the two main components of
atoms. They are also thought to be the fundamental building blocks of matter

Subatomic particles - are particles that are smaller than the atom. The three main subatomic particles
are protons, neutrons, and electrons

Atom - is the unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element

Molecule - is a group of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together.

Matter - is anything that has mass and occupies space.

Nucleosynthesis - is the process by which atomic nuclei are formed.

Isotopes - are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
In the beginning...
 In the beginning...
Big Bang!

What is the Big Bang?

What are the effects of the Big Bang?
 Big Bang Theory
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the
universe. It states that the universe was once in an extremely hot and
dense state that expanded rapidly. This expansion caused the universe to
cool and resulted in the formation of stars, galaxies, and everything else
we see today.
 Big Bang Theory
Key Events
1. Singularity - The universe began as a singularity or a point containing all
space, time, matter and energy
2. Inflation - It expanded rapidly in nothingness through a rapid yet peaceful
process called inflation
3. Cooldown - The universe cooled down as it expanded; QUARKS were formed
4. Nucleosynthesis - A soup of matter in the form of SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
was formed and NUCLEI OF LIGHT ELEMENTS were created via
nucleosynthesis or nuclear fusion between protons and neutrons
5. Recombination - Electrons interacted with these nuclei to form actual,
primordial atoms making it more stable via the process of recombination
 Quark
The smallest thing in the world is the quark.
For many years, scientists thought the atom was the smallest thing there was.
A quark is a tiny particle that is one of the building blocks of matter. There are six different
types of quarks: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom
 Subatomic Particles
Subatomic particles are particles that are smaller than atoms. They are the building blocks of atoms.
Protons have a positive charge (+). They are found in the nucleus of the atom, along with neutrons.
Neutrons have no charge. They are also found in the nucleus of the atom.
Electrons have a negative charge (-). They are found outside of the nucleus of the atom, orbiting the nucleus.

ATOM
atomic mass unit (AMU or amu)
THE FIRST ELEMENT IN THE UNIVERSE
Moments after the Big Bang, energy begins to condense into matter, protons and
neutrons are formed, and then the first element (HYDROGEN) is formed.
ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN
ISOTOPES

Atoms with the same number of

protons but different numbers of
neutrons are called isotopes

What is being considered when

measuring Atomic Mass (Weight)?
BIG BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

Nucleo - nuclear (nuclei)

Synthesis - combination of parts to form a

whole

Nucleosynthesis is the process by which

new atomic nuclei are formed from pre-
existing nucleons (protons and neutrons). It
is a very important process in the universe,
as it is responsible for the creation of all the
elements.
 Light Elements due to
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
 Light Elements due to
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
LIGHT ELEMENTS
FIRST 4 ELEMENTS NAMELY

Hydrogen,
Helium,
Lithium,
Beryllium

Atomic Number - Number of Protons

 Big Bang Theory
here are some evidences that support the Big Bang theory:

1. The expansion of the universe. The universe is expanding, and this expansion is
accelerating. This expansion can be observed by measuring the redshift of light from
distant galaxies. Redshift is the phenomenon of light waves being stretched, which causes
them to shift to the red end of the spectrum. The more distant a galaxy is, the greater its
redshift, which means that it is moving away from us faster.
2. The abundance of light elements in the universe. The Big Bang theory predicts that the
early universe was hot and dense, and that it was composed of a mixture of light elements,
such as hydrogen, helium, and lithium. Observations of the abundance of these elements in
the universe match the predictions of the Big Bang theory.
Performance Task #1 - BIG BANG Infographic
Directions: Create an infographic that demonstrates your understanding of the Big Bang.
Last Date of Submission: September 15, 2023

The infographic needs to include attention to the following:

Topic: The topic of the infographic is specific in nature and is intended to inform or convince
the viewer.
Type: The type of infographic chosen (for example, timeline or informational) highly
supports the content being presented.
Information: The details included in the infographic are relevant and support the topic of the
infographic.
Data visualizations: The data visualizations present accurate data and are easy to
understand.
Style: Colors and organization are aesthetically pleasing, appropriate to the content, and
enhance the viewer’s understanding of the information in the infographic.
Citations: Full bibliographic citations for all sources used are included.