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COLLEGE
PERUNDURAI - 638057
DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
UNIT IV NOTES
VI SEMESTER
Regulation – 2013
Ex. 1. Obtain the following design information for the stator of a 30 kW, 440 V, 3 , 6 pole, 50 Hz
delta connected, squirrel cage induction motor, (i) Main dimension of the stator, (ii) No. of turns/phase
(i) No. of stator slots, (iv) No. of conductors per slot. Assume suitable values for the missing design data.
Selection of number of rotor slots: The number of rotor slots may be selected using the following
guide lines.
(i) To avoid cogging and crawling: (a)Ss Sr (b) Ss - Sr ±3P
(ii) To avoid synchronous hooks and cusps in torque speed characteristics ±P, ±2P, ±5P.
(iii) To noisy operation Ss - Sr ±1, ±2, (±P ±1), (±P ±2)
Rotor Bar Current: Bar current in the rotor of a squirrel cage induction motor may be determined by
comparing the mmf developed in rotor and stator. Hence the current per rotor bar is given by Ib = ( Kws x
Ss x Z's ) x I'r / ( Kwr x Sr x Z'r ) ;
where Kws – winding factor for the stator,
Ss – number of stator slots,
Z's – number of conductors / stator slots,
Kwr – winding factor for the rotor,
Sr – number of rotor slots,
Maximum end ring current Ie(max) = ½ ( Number rotor bars / pole) Ib(av)
= ½ x Sr/P x Ib/1.11
where LC is the Leakage factor or Leakage coefficient and lies between (1.15 to 1.25).
Magnitude of flux in different parts of the magnetic circuit
Leakage reactance of polyphase machines
Leakage reactance = 2πf x inductance = 2πf x Flux linkage / current
Note:
1. Useful flux: It is the flux that links with both primary and secondary windings and is responsible
in transferring the energy Electro-magnetically from primary to secondary side. The path of the
useful flux is in the magnetic core.
2. Leakage flux: It is the flux that links only with the primary or secondary winding and is
responsible in imparting inductance to the windings. The path of the leakage flux depends on the
geometrical configuration of the coils and the neighboring iron masses.
Magnetizing current
Effect of magnetizing current and its effect on the power factor can be understood from the
phasor diagram of the induction motor shown in Fig.
Both of the layers of the voltage phasor diagram have to be circled twice in order to number all the
phasors.
Operating characteristics.
Now, the equivalent circuit of an asynchronous motor per phase, the quantities of which are
calculated in the machine design, is worth recollecting. Figure 7.12 illustrates a single-phase
equivalent circuit of an ordinary induction motor per phase, a simplified equivalent circuit anda
phasor diagram.
24. How the induction motor can be designed for best power factor?
For best power factor, the pole pitch τ is chosen such that τ = SQRT [(0.18 L)].
25. What are the ranges of specific magnetic loading and specific electric loading in
induction motor?
Specific magnetic loading = 0.3 to 0.6 Wb / m2
Specific electric loading = 5000 to 45000 amp.cond/m
26. What are the materials used for slip rings and brushes in induction motor?
The slip rings are made of brass or phosphor bronze. The brushes are made of metal graphite,
which is an alloy of copper and carbon.
27. Write the expression for output equation and output co-efficient of induction motor.
The equation for input KVA is considered as output equation in induction motor.
The input KVA, Q = C0 D2 L ns in KVA
Output co-efficient C0 = 11 Bav ac Kws *10-3 in KVA/ m3 – rps.
28. List the advantages of using open slots.
The advantages are:
➢ The winding coils can be formed and fully insulated before installing and also it is easier
to replace the individual coils.
➢ It avoids excessive slot leakage thereby reducing the leakage reactance.
29. Give the advantages of using semi-enclosed stator slots.
The advantages are less air gap contraction factor giving a small value of magnetizing current, low
tooth pulsation loss and mush quiter operation(less noise). Semi enclosed slots are mostly
preferred for induction motor.
30. What is the maximum value of flux density in stator teeth?
The maximum value of flux density in stator tooth should not exceed 1.7 Wb/m2.
A high value of flux density leads to a higher iron loss and a greater magnetizing mmf.
31. What are the problems that occur in induction motor due to certain combinations of stator
and rotor slots?
The problems in induction motor due to certain combinations of stator and rotor slots
are
➢ The motor may refuse to start
➢ The motor may crawl at some sub-synchronous speed
➢ Severe vibrations are developed and so the noise will be excessive
32. . List the rules for selecting rotor slots.
➢ Number of stator slots should not be equal to rotor slots satisfactory results are
obtained when Sr is 15 to 30% larger or smaller than Ss.
➢ The difference (Ss - Sr) should not be equal to + or - p, + or – 2p or + or – 5 p to
avoid synchronous cusps.