Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE

Science 9
Quarter 4 – Module 5:
Conservation of Mechanical
Energy

MELC: Perform activities to demonstrate conservation of

mechanical energy (S9FE-IVd-40).

Prepared by:

ARCHIEMEDEZ G. BATANGAN
Malaguip Integrated School
Science- Grade 9
Share-A-Resource-Program
Quarter 4 – Module 5: Conservation of Mechanical Energy
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Archiemedez G. Batangan

Editor: Erwin Jun V. Daguio
Reviewer: Jay A. Lagatero Jerry G. Tabrill
Ursino C. Pascua
Illustrators: Archiemedez G. Batangan
Layout Artist: Archiemedez G. Batangan
Management Team:
Joann A. Corpuz EdD, CESO V
Joye D. Madalipay EdD
Santiago L. Baoec EdD
Jenetrix T. Tumaneng
Jerry G. Tabrilla EdD
Ursino C. Pascua

Division Design & Layout Artist: Jerry M. Burgos

Printed in the Philippines by ______________________________
Schools Division of Ilocos Norte
Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605
E-mail Address: ilocos.norte@deped.gov.ph
 9
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 5:
Conservation of Mechanical
Energy
Introductory Message
This Contextualized Learning Module (CLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson with ease.
This CLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on the lesson. This will show
you if you need to proceed in completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator
or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of this
module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are
provided for all activities and tests. We trust that you will be honest in using them.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher is also provided to
our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you in
your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this CLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Likewise,
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any question in using this CLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

In Physics, energy can be simple stated as the ability to perform work. Energy comes
in many form.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. differentiate kinetic energy and potential energy;
2. explain the Conservation of Mechanical Energy; and
3. perform activities to demonstrate conservation of mechanical energy.

What I Know

Before we start, kindly answer the following 10-item pretest to check your prior knowledge
about our lesson.

Pretest: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following possesses kinetic energy?

A. flowing river.
B. compressed spring
C. stretched rubber band.
D. book resting on top of a table.

2. Which is TRUE about a falling object?

A. It loses both potential energy and kinetic energy.
B. It gains both potential energy and kinetic energy.
C. It loses its potential energy and gains kinetic energy.
D. It gains its potential energy and loses kinetic energy.

3. What happens to energy during its transformation to another form?

A. Created but not destroyed.
B. Destroyed but not created.
C. Created and then destroyed.
D. Neither created and nor destroyed.

1
4. What are the two types of energy under mechanical energy?
A. kinetic and nuclear
B. potential and kinetic
C. potential and nuclear
D. wind and thermal

5. Which letter shows where kinetic energy is at its highest point?

A. W B. X C. Y D.Z

6. Kinetic energy depends on_________ and _________.

A. speed and mass
B. speed and height
C. height and mass
D. energy and height

7. Which of the following DOES NOT affect the amount of potential energy of an
object?
A. mass B. speed
C. strength of gravity D. height or location

8. When stored energy begins to move, the object______ energy from _______ to
_________.
A. energy, force, motion B. transfers, kinetic, potential
C. eliminates, mechanical, nuclear D. transform, potential, kinetic

9. What is the kinetic energy of a 0.002 kg rock rolling at 1.5 m/s?

A. 0.00225 J B. 2.0025 J C. 22.005J D. 22 500 J

10. What is the gravitational potential energy of a 50.0 kg object when raised to
a height of 10.0 meters above the ground?
A. 4.9 J B.449 J C. 4900 J D. 49 000 J

2
 Lesson Conservation of
1 Mechanical Energy

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand the Law of Conservation of Energy. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. It helps understand the Law of Conservation of
Energy. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are
now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. differentiate Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy;
2. explain the Conservation of Mechanical Energy; and
3. perform activities to demonstrate conservation of mechanical energy.

What’s In

Activity 1: Do I Possess You?

Directions: Determine whether the following statements possess kinetic energy,
potential energy or both. Put a check mark on the cell that corresponds to your answer.

KE PE Both
1. A jeepney parked on the side of the road

2. A rock at the edge of a cliff

3. A boy oing down a slide

4. A slingshot pulled back ready to release

5. A stretched rubber band

6. Kicking a soccer ball

7. A kid running toward his mother

8. Rollercoaster going down the track

3
 9. A guava fruit hanging on a tree

10. A newly bought battery

11. A leaf falling from a tree

12. A bird resting motionless on a perch

13. Yo-yo toy released and recoiled up

14. A basketball on top of a cabinet

15. Running water

What is New
Activity 2: The Hidden Message!
(Adapted from the Activity Sheets of Mr. Victor N. Dahilig Master Teacher II of Ilocos Norte Agricultural School)

Direction: Encircle the words listed in the word search. The words can be found vertical, horizontal,
diagonal and backward. After all these words have been found and circled, write down all the letters
in the puzzle that are not circled. Start from the top of the puzzle and work across from left to right,
row by row, and finish at the bottom. These letters combine to form a sentence about a hidden message
on the conservation of energy.

4
(Note to the teacher, please provide a separate copy for the Word Hunt)
ACCELERATION GRAVITATIONAL MOTION
AIR RESISTANCE HEAT POTENTIAL
CHEMICAL ENERGY HIGHEST POINT PENDULUM
CONSERVATION HEIGHT RADIANT
CONSERVATIVE FORCE KINETIC ENERGY ROLLER COASTER
CONSTANT LOWEST POINT THERMAL
DESSIPATIVE FORCES MASS TRANSFORMATION
ELASTIC MAXIMUM STORED ENERGY
ENERGY MECHANICAL ENERGY VELOCITY
FRICTION MINIMUM WORK

M E C N A T S I S E R R I A T H E L A W
A O D E S S I P A T I V E F O R C E S F
X C O N S M O T I O N E R V A T C I O N
I O F M E I C H A N I S S A M C O A L R
M E C H A N I C A L E N E R G Y N E N E
U E R G Y I S T A T E S T H G A S P T T
M T C H E M I C A L E N E R G Y T O H S
E S U M O U F F T H E K E I N E A T T A
I C E N E M R R G Y P N A N D P N E O O
L A M R E H T T I E E L E N T I T N N C
C I T S A L E I N C O A S L O V E T O R
N E H R G Y I D I W T T N P A C A I I E
O N G S E R U T E V O I T L A E T A T L
I V I E S L E S Y R S S O T H E M L A L
I S E C U N T O E N E C S N T A N T V O
A N H M I P D D E H I Q U A L T O T R R
H E T K O O E T G T A L M E C H A N E I
R A D I A N T I Y C A L E N E R G Y S E
R G N Y E O H A C C E L E R A T I O N F
T T T R A N S F O R M A T I O N H E O S
S T G C O N S E R V A T I V E F O R C E
E Y M K R O w L A N O I T A T I V A R G

Hidden Message: _______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

5
 What is It

In your Grade 8 Science, you have differentiated the forms of energy such
as the Potential and Kinetic Energy. Now you are going to learn that energy is neither
created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another. The total
energy never changes. Let us start by having a brief review in solving problems regarding
with Potential and Kinetic Energy.

A. Potential Energy.

Energy that is associated with objects position. The greater the distance if
an object from the reference point, the higher the potential energy. There are several
types of potential energy, two of them are Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) and
Elastic Potential Energy. Elastic potential energy is associated with the horizontal
position of the object’s position. When the object is compressed or stretched, it
possesses elastic potential energy. The other one is a more common type, the
Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE). It is associated with the vertical distance from the
reference point which is usually the ground.

The GPE of an object can be determined using PE = mgh, where…

PE = potential energy expressed in N.m or Joule (J)

m = mass of the object (kg)
g = acceleration due to gravity considered as positive (9.8 m/s2)
h = height of the object from the ground (m)

Note: 1 kg m2/s2= 1 Joule (J)

Example 1.

A 1-kg of watermelon was raised 10 m from the ground. How much potential
energy does it have?

Solution:

Given :
m = 1 kg
h = 10 m

PE = mgh
= (1 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(10 m)
= 98 kg.m2/s2 or 98 J

6
 B. Kinetic Energy

Energy that is possessed by object in motion. The greater the movement on an

object, the greater is its Kinetic Energy (KE).

KE = ½ mv2, where..

KE = kinetic energy of the object (kg.m2/s2 or J).

m = mass of the object (kg)
v =velocity of the object (m/s)

Example 1

A 30-kg cart is being pushed with a velocity of 2 m/s. What is its kinetic energy?

Solution:

Given:
m 3 = 30 kg
v = 2 m/s

KE = ½ mv2
= ½ (30 kg)(2 m/s)2
= ½ (30 kg)(4 m2/s2)
= 60 kg.m2/s2 or 60 J

Conservation of Energy
When an object is raised above the ground at a certain height, it gains potential
PE = 2 450 J
energy. But, where does that energy go when
KE = 0 J the object is dropped? How does an object
PE + KE = 2 450 J
moving gain kinetic energy?

As the ball falls down, its PE decreases

due to its decreasing distance from the
PE = 1 475 J
KE = 975 J
ground. The energy is not lost since the ball
PE + KE = 2 450 J
PE = 975 J
from its point of release. The potential energy
KE = 1 475 J is transformed to kinetic energy. As it falls
PE + KE = 2 450 J
down the kinetic energy increases since the
velocity of the ball increases and accelerates
due to gravity. As the object is brought to rest
PE = 0 J by the ground, its kinetic energy is changed
KE = 1 475 J
PE + KE = 2 450 J
into internal energy (heat) and sound energy.
The decrease of PE is matched with the
increase of KE thus explaining the Law of
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Energy is neither created nor destroyed in
any process. It can only be transformed from
one form to another or transferred. The total
energy never changes.
The sum of the kinetic and potential
energies of a system is called mechanical energy. In a conservative system, the total

7
mechanical energy is constant. In this system, only conservative forces (force is
conservative if the total work done in moving an object from an initial to a final position
is zero) are present and therefore, a decrease in potential energy is equal to an increase
in kinetic energy, and vice versa. This is now expresses as the LAW of Conservation of
Mechanical Energy which states that:

The sum of KE and PE in a conservative system is constant

and equal to the mechanical energy of the system

Thus…
MEi = MEf

KEi + PEi = KEf + PEf

½ mvi2 + mghi = ½ mvf 2 + mghf

Where…

m = mass of the object

g = acceleration due to gravity considered as positive
hi = initial height of the object from the ground
hf = final height of the object from the ground
vi = initial velocity of the object
vf = final velocity of the object

Let us now take a look at how the Law of Conservation of ME can be

applied to practical situations.

A max PE
no KE

Energy
PE KE PE + KE
A 10 J 0 10 J
B B 5J 5J 10 J
½ PE + ½ KE C 0J 10 J 10 J
Table 1. Comparing the PE and KE
before and after an interaction.

C no PE
max KE
Another example.
Figure 1. PE and KE interchange

8
 Consider a 0.625 kg ball is resting 10 m above the ground. The PE of the object
is…
PE = mgh
= (0.625 kg) (9.8 m/s2) (10 m)
= 61. 25 kg m2/s2
= 61.25 J

Its KE is 0 J., since the object is at rest

If the ball is released from where it rests and will fall freely disregarding the air
resistance, just before it hits the ground, its PE is 0 J. This is the point where the objects
obtains its highest velocity. The kinetic energy of the ball just before it hits the ground
is 61.25 J. Now, how do we determine the velocity of the ball just before it hits the
ground?

Use the formula

½ mvi2 + mghi = ½ mvf 2 + mghf

Since initially the ball is at rest, its initial KE is 0 J and the final PE will be 0 J,

mghi = ½ mvf 2 or 2ghi = vf 2

Therefore if we are looking for velocity, use

vf = √2ghi

vf = √2ghi
= √2 (9.8 m/s2)(10 m)
= √196 m2/s2
= 14 m/s

The velocity of the ball before it hits the ground is 14 m/s.

9
Pendulum

A swinging pendulum exhibits the law of conservation of potential energy.

1. Where will the pendulum have its greatest potential energy?

2. Where will it have its greatest kinetic energy?

3. What happens to the potential energy as the pendulum swings down? (Answer:
It turns into kinetic energy.)

What’s More
The following activities will help you solidify your understanding and skills
of the topic.

Activity 3: Am I more Energized?

Direction: Solve the following problems on potential and kinetic energy. Show your
solution.

1. Object A has a mass of 2.1 kg, it was raised to a certain height of 10.11 m. Object B
on the other hand is 1.3 kg and was raised 15.0 m from the ground. Which object
possesses greater potential energy?

2. Determine the kinetic energy of a 25 kg motorcycle travelling with a velocity of 5 m/s.

If the velocity is doubled, what is its kinetic energy.

3. A 0.45 kg object is dropped from a height of 1.62 m, what is its PE? Determine its
velocity just before it reached the ground. If the object is dropped from a height of
2.1m, what is its velocity before it reaches the ground?

10
 What I have Learned
Let us now process what you learned by completing the given statement
with the correct word(s).

Activity 4: The Roller Coaster

(Adapted from the Activity Sheets of Mr. Victor N. Dahilig Master Teacher II of Ilocos Norte Agricultural School)

Direction: Examine the figure below and fill in the blanks with the correct terms from the
concepts on the box. You can use the terms/concepts more than once.

Fig. 1. Conservation of Mechanical Energy in a Roller Coaster

potential energy constant decreases higher slows down conserved

kinetic energy converted increases moving up frictional force

If the cart moves from positions H to O, the potential energy (1) _________ since its
height (2) ___________. On the other hand, its speed (3) ___________ as it moves down;
Thus its (4) _______________ increases. From point O to P it gains back its (5)___________
since it is (6) ______________ at (7) ___________ elevation. In contrast, its KE (8)
__________ as it moves up because it (9) ____________. This exchange of (10)
____________ and (11)__________ is known as mechanical energy.
At the top of the hill the car is stationary, so as the car begins to move down the hill, the
PE begins to be (12) ________ to (13) _________. The car gathers speed until it reaches back

11
 on top of the other side of the hill and converts the gained (14) _________ back to
(15)_________.
Ignoring (16) __________ and other external forces, the total mechanical energy, which
is the sum of the KE and PE remains (17) _______ at all points in the track. Thus, the
mechanical energy of the system is (18) _____________.

What I Can Do
This section will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill in to real
life situations or concerns. Enjoy working!

Activity 5: The Reigns of Conservation of Mechanical Energy!

(Adapted from the Activity Sheets of Mr. Victor N. Dahilig Master Teacher II of Ilocos Norte Agricultural School)

Direction: The illustrations below shows the concepts of conservation of mechanical energy in
everyday life. Choose 3 examples and explain the situations by applying the law of conservation
of Mechanical Energy. Example is given for your guide. (illustrations used in this activity credit to
media.giphy.com)

Example: The wrecking ball

A wrecking ball is a large round structure
that is used for the demolition of buildings. When
the ball is held at a height, it contains some amount
of potential energy (stored energy) and as soon as it
falls, it gains some amount of kinetic energy too.
When the wrecking ball hits the building to be
demolished, it applies the force (in the form of
mechanical energy), which causes the work to be
done, as in this case, the demolition of buildings.

12
1. HAMMER AND A NAIL

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

2. HYDROPOWERPLANT

___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________

3. CYCLING

____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

4. BOW AND ARROW

________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________

13
 5. BOWLING BALL

______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________

Assessment
Multiple Choice:

Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.

1. Which of the following possesses kinetic energy?

A. flowing river.
B. compressed spring
C. stretched rubber band.
D. book resting on top of a table.

2. Which is TRUE about a falling object?

A. It loses both potential energy and kinetic energy.
B. It gains both potential energy and kinetic energy.
C. It loses its potential energy and gains kinetic energy.
D. It gains its potential energy and loses kinetic energy.

3. What happens to energy during its transformation to another form?

A. Created but not destroyed.
B. Destroyed but not created.
C. Created and then destroyed.
D. Neither created and nor destroyed.

4. What are the two types of energy under mechanical energy?

A. kinetic and nuclear
B. potential and kinetic
C. potential and nuclear
D. wind and thermal

14
5. Which letter shows where kinetic energy is at its highest point?

A. W B. X C. Y D.Z

6. Kinetic energy depends on_________ and _________.

A. speed and mass
B. speed and height
C. height and mass
D. energy and height

7. Which of the following DOES NOT affect the amount of potential energy of an
object?
A. mass B. speed
C. strength of gravity D. height or location

8. When stored energy begins to move, the object______ energy from _______ to
_________.
A. energy, force, motion B. transfers, kinetic, potential
C. eliminates, mechanical, nuclear D. transform, potential, kinetic

9. What is the kinetic energy of a 0.002 kg rock rolling at 1.5 m/s?

A. 0.00225 J B. 2.0025 J C. 22.005J D. 22500 J

10. What is the gravitational potential energy of a 50.0 kg object when raised
to a height of 10.0 meters above the ground?
A. 4.9 J B.449 J C. 4900 J D. 49 000 J

15
 Additional Activities
Let us enrich your knowledge or skill on the lesson learned!
Directions: Write at least 5 examples of situations that you see and
experience every day in your life and community which show:

A. Kinetic Energy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Potential Energy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

16
Answer Key

17
18
19
References
A. Books

Deauna, Melecio C. et. al. (1996). Physics. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Quezon City.
Hewitt, Paul G. 1998. Conceptual Physics. Beethoven Publishing. Philippines.
Kirkpatrick, Larry D. et al.( 1992). Physics A World View. Saunders College
Publishing. USA
Villanueva, Francis Jasson Z. et al.( 2010). Conceptual Science and Beyond.
Brilliant Creation Publishing, Inc. Quezon City

B. Online Resources
https://giphy.com/gifs/EcGEZwBjIbUfS/html5

https://media.giphy.com/media/EcGEZwBjIbUfS/giphy.gif
https://media.giphy.com/media/RxVpypN9Ri2Yg/giphy.gif

20
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division of Ilocos Norte – Curriculum Implementation Division

Learning Resource Management Section (SDOIN-CID LRMS)

Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605
E-mail Address: ilocosnorte@deped.gov.ph

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph