1.

Aloe vera(gheu kumari)

a)Biological source:
Parts used: Dried juice of leaves Family: Liliaceae
b)Chemical constituents: anthraquinone glycosides,barbaloin,isobarbaloin,aloe emodin
c)Uses: Purgative,in treatment of pains,inflammation, burns and itching and also slows
down ulceration and keratosis,antiwrinkle properties, moisturizer.

2. Aconitum spicatum(bikh)
a)Biological source:
Parts used:Dried roots Family: Ranunculaceae
b)Chemical constituents:aconitine,hypoaconitine,neopelline,napelline,neoline
c)Uses: highly poisonous drug,used in form of liniment for treatment of
neuralgia,sciatica,rheumatism and inflammation.Have analgesic and cardiac depressant
properties.

3. Acorus calamus(bojho)
a)Biological source:
Parts used: Dried rhizome Family: Acaceae
b)Chemical constituents:1.5-3.5% Volatile oil(asaraldehyde,asarone),bitter
principle(acorine)
c)Uses: carminative,bitter stimulant,vermifuge,in epilepsy and depression,have sedative
and tranquilizing property

4. Azadiracta indica(neem)
a)Biological source:
Parts used:Entire aerial parts Family: Meliaceae
b)Chemical constituents:Azadirctin,Diterpenes(sugiol,nimbiol),Triterpenes(β-
sitosterol,stigmasterol),Flavonol glycosides(nimaton,quercetin,myrecetin,kaempferol)
c)Uses:Repellant,insecticide,antifeedant,nematicide,antimicrobial and spermicidal
properties.

5. Asparagus racemosus(kurilo)
a)Biological source:
Parts used: Dried roots and leaves Family:Liliaceae
b)Chemical constituents:Steroid saponins(Shatvarin 1-4),quercetin,rutin,hyperoside
c)Uses: Galactogogue,tonic and diuretic,also in rheumatism and nervine disorders.

6. Allium sativum(lasoon)
a)Biological source:
Parts used: bulbs Family: Amaryllidaceae
b)Chemical constituents: allyl disulfides
c)Uses: spice, bacteriostat, alterative, antibiotic, expectorant, antihypertensive,
antihyperlipidemic, used for heart benefits, GI irritant
 7. Bauhinea variegate(koiralo)
a)Biological source:
Parts used: Flowers and stem bark Family: Fabaceae
b)Chemical constituents: Flowers contain flavanoids: (kaempferol-3-galactoside and
kaempferol-3-rhamnoglucoside). Stem bark yields hentriacontane, octacosanol and
stigmasterol. Stem yields -sitisterol, lupiol and a flavanone glycoside
c)Uses: dysentery, diarrhoea, piles, leprosy, intestinal worms, tumours,
wounds, ulcers, inflammations, scrofula, protoptosis, haemorrhoids, haemoptysis, cough,
menorrhagia and diabetics

8. Camellia sinensis(green tea)

a)Biological source:
Parts used: leaves Family: Theaceae
b)Chemical constituents: xanthines (Caffeine 1-
3%,Theobromine,Theophylline),Gallotannic acid
c)Uses: CNS stimulant, anticarcinogen

9. Centella asiatica(ghod tapre)

a)Biological source:
Parts used: Entire aerial parts Family: Umbelliferae(Apiaceae)
b)Chemical constituents:Saponin(α –amyrin derivatives in form of asiaticosides and
madecassoside),
c)Uses: Nervine tonic,sedative,spasmolytic,anti-anxiety,antistress,memory enhancer.

10. Cassia fistula(rajbriksha)

a)Biological source:
Parts used: leaves, pods Family: Leguminoseae
b)Chemical constituents: sitosterol, anthraquinone glycosides, chrysophanic, flavonoids,
emodins
c)Uses: laxative, anthelmintic, anti-griping agent, can cause dermatitis

11. Cannabis sativa(ganja)

a)Biological source:
Parts used:Dried flowering tops of female plant Family: Cannabinaceae
b)Chemical constituents:15-20% resin(134 tetrahydrocannabinol,
cannabinol,cannabidiol,cannabidiolic acid,cannabichromene,cannabigerol)
c)Uses: narcotic,sedative,analgesic,pschotropic.

12. Cordycep sinensis(yarsagumba)

a)Biological source:
Parts used: fungus that grows on the larvae of the Lepidoptera Moth
Family: Clavicipitaceae
b)Chemical constituents: polysaccharide components and cordycepin (3'-
deoxyadenosine)
c)Uses: anticancer, anti-depressant effect, hypoglycemic effect, strengthens the immune
system and promotes overall vitality and longevity.aphrodisiac, anti-ageing and anti-
oxidant

13. Crateva nurvala(siplican)

a)Biological source:
Parts used: Bark or root bark Family: Capparidaceae
b)Chemical constituents: flavonoids , glucosinolates , plant sterols including
lupeol , saponins , tannins.
c)Uses: anti-inflammatory, prevention and treatment of kidney stones, urinary
tract infections

14. Dactylorhiza hatageria(panch aunle)

a)Biological source:
Parts used: Root Family: Orchidaceae
b)Chemical constituents:
c)Uses: Expectorant, astringent, demulcent and highly nutritious. Powdered root is
spread over wounds to control bleeding. A decoction of the root is given in cases of
stomach trouble.it is also used as aphrodisiac and sexual stimulant.

15. Juglans regia(okhar)

a)Biological source:
Parts used:Seed Family: Juglandaceae
b)Chemical constituents:Juglone
c)Uses: Anodyne,  Antiinflammatory, Astringent, Blood purifier, Diuretic, Laxative;  
Lithontripic,Vermifuge.

16. Justice adhatoda(asuro)

a)Biological source:
Parts used:Fresh and dried leaves Family: Acanthaceae
b)Chemical constituents:Vasicine,Vasicinone,Adhatoic acid
c)Uses:Bronchodilator,CNS stimulant,Oxytocic.

17. Momordica charantia(karela)

a)Biological source:
Parts used:Fresh green fruit Family:Cucurbitaceae
b)Chemical constituents:Steroidal
saponin(Charantin),momordicin,carbohydrate(10%),glucoside,mucilage,ascorbic acid.
c)Uses: Antidiabetic,Stomachic,carminative,tonic,cooling, also in rheumatism,gout and
disorders of spleen and liver.

18. Ocimum sanctum(tulsi)

a)Biological source:
Parts used: Aerial parts Family: Labiateae
b)Chemical constituents:Eugenol,methyl eugenol,carvacrol,caryophyllin.
c)Uses: Antibacterial,insecticide,stimulant,aromatic,diaphoretic,immunomodulator.
 19. Oroxylem indicum(tatelo)
a)Biological source:
Parts used: Root ,bark and leaves Family: Bignoniaceae
b)Chemical constituents: Baicalein and scutellarein(leaves and stem bark), oraxylin A,
chrysin and scutellarine – 7 – rutinoside (stem bark). oroxindin (seeds).The seed oil
contains caprylic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmotoleic, stearic, oleic and linoliec acids.
c)Uses: Astringent,carminative, purgative,spasmolytic

20. Phyllanthus emblica(amala)

a)Biological source:
Parts used:Dried or fresh fruit Family:Phyllanthaceae
b)Chemical constituents:Vit. C, Tannin(5%),fat(0.5%),phyllemblin.
c)Uses: Acrid,diuretic,laxative,refrigerant.also in jaundice,dyspepsia,anaemia.

21. Pichrorhiza scrophulariflora(kutki)

a)Biological source:
Parts used:Dried rhizomes Family: Scrofulariaceae
b)Chemical constituents: Iridoid bitter substance(Picroside 1,2,3 , Kutkoside)
c)Uses:Bitter tonic,antiperiodic,febrifuge,stomachic,laxative at large doses,antibacterial
and hepatoprotective.

22. Rubia manjith(manjithoo)

a)Biological source:
Parts used: The stem and root Family: Rubiaceae
b)Chemical constituents:
c)Uses: Tonic, astringent, antidysenteric, antiseptic, and deobstruent properties. Also
used in rheumatism and form an ingredient of several Ayurvedic preparations, furnishes a
good red dye for dyeing coarse cotton fabrics.
blankets, and carpets

23. Rheum austral(padamchal)

a)Biological source:
Parts used: Petiole and rhizome Family: Polygonaceae
b)Chemical constituents:
c)Uses: anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitumor, aperient, astringent,
cholagogue, demulcent, diuretic, laxative, purgative, stomachic and tonic

24. Rauwolfia serpentina(sarpagandha)

a)Biological source:
Parts used: Dried roots Family: Apocyanaceae
b)Chemical constituents:Indole
alkaloids(reserpine,ajmalicine,ajmaline,rescinammine,reserpinine,yohimbine,serpentine,serpentinine),
indolenine alkaloids,oxyindole alkaloids,pseudoindoxyl alkaloids.
c)Uses:antihypertensive,in mild anxiety and neuropsychiatric disorders.

25. Swertia chirayita(chirayito)

a)Biological source:
Parts used: Entire herb Family: Gentianaceae
b)Chemical constituents:Ophelic acid(bitter yellow acid),Chiratin and amarogentin.
c)Uses: Bitter tonic,Febrifuge,dyspepsia,epilepsy.

26. Terminalia chebula(harro)

a)Biological source:
Parts used:Dried ripe fully mature Fruits Family:Combretaceae
b)Chemical constituents:25-32% tannins(hydrolysable)
c)Uses: Astringent,laxative,stomachic,tonic, also used in piles and external ulcer,present
in Triphala.

27. Terminlia bellerica(barro)

a)Biological source:
Parts used: Dried ripe fruits Family:Combretaceae
b)Chemical constituents:Tannins(20-30%)
c)Uses: Astingent,in dyspepsia and diarrhea,constituent of Triphala.

28. Urtica diocia(sisno)

a)Biological source:
Parts used: leaves Family: Labiateae
b)Chemical constituents: vitamins A, C, protein
c)Uses: potherb, vitamin, protein, alterative, antiseptic, hemostatic, nutritive

29. Zinziber officinale(auduwa)

a)Biological source:
Parts used: Roots Family: Zingiberaceae
b)Chemical constituents: spice, carminative, diaphoretic, mild stimulant, GI irritant
c)Uses: citral, zingerone, sesquiterpenes, bisabolene