2015 IEEE International Conference on Technological Advancements in Power & Energy

Power Quality Improvement in DFIG System with

Matrix Converter in Wind Energy Generation with
Space Vector Control Techniques

Vijayaraju Vasipalli, Prof. S. P. Phulambrikar, Amit Agrawal

Electrical Engineering Dept., Electrical Engineering Dept., Electrical Engineering Dept.,
Samrat Ashok Technological Institute Samrat Ashok Technological Institute Samrat Ashok Technological Institute
Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, India Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, India Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, India
vij ayaraj uvasipallieee@gmail.com sphulambrikar@rediffmail.co Amt.agr06@gmail.com

A a
Abstract --- This paper proposes the efficient matrix converter in Ps, Qs
B b

Doubly Fed Induction Generator System to improve the power Pm

C c
Transformer
quality. We can convert voltages from AC to AC or AC to DC or Wind Gear
DC to DC or DC to AC by using matrix converter. Till now back Turbine Box
DFIG
to back converters in were used DFIG system. But this paper
Pg, Qg
explains that the Matrix Converter is better than the back to Converter
A a
back converter in DFIG system to maximum power tracking. Pr, Qr
B b GSC
Matrix converter is controlled by ISVM and DSVM control RSC C c
techniques. All results are simulated by MATLAB/SIMULlNK
Fig. I. Block diagram of DFIG system
software. Performance of the system is analyzed by FFT window.

Back to back converter topology is replaced by Matrix

Index Terms ---Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), Matrix
converter topology because losses of the back to back
Converter (MC), Back to Back (BTB), Direct Space-Vector
Modulation (DSVM), LCL filters, Voltage source Inverter (VSI),
converter are high, complexity in structure because high rating
Indirect Space Vector Modulation(ISVM), Grid Side DC link capacitor and it has 3-step power conversion such as
Converter(GSC), Rotor Side Converter (RSC). AC-DC-AC [2-3].

We are designed LCL filters for converter in both sides (i.e.

I. INTRODUCTION
Wound rotor induction generator is called as doubly fed
induction generator (DFIG). "Doubly-Fed" define as the both
stator and rotor of an induction machine with a wound rotor is
connected to electrical sources. With limited variable speed
range this is popular for generation applications now-a-days.
DFIG can generate or consume power from both stator and
rotor of the machine with respect to speed of the shaft.
rotor side and grid side) because these converters work in both
directions. When the wind speed is low then the rotor receives
power from grid and when the wind speed is high then the
rotor will supply power to the grid. LCL filters can reduce the
harmonics which are produced by converter [4-5]. Filters are
connected in delta shape in both sides parameters of the delta
connected filters are shown in bellow table.
TABLE I. DE LT A-CONNE CTE D FILTER PARAME TERS

Parameters L] L2 R C
By varying the slip(s) of the induction machine we can
Rotor Side Se-4H 0.73e-3H 0.S70 300e-12F
operate DFIG in three different modes, those are listed below
Grid Side Se-4H Se-4H 0.S7O O.SF
[1].

The basic LCL filter circuit is shown in Figure 2.

• w<
r ws ... s> 0 .. Sub-synchronous mode.
• w>
r ws ... s< 0 .. Super-synchronous mode.
• Wr Ws ... s 0 .. Synchronous mode.
= =

Matrix converter is qualitative converter topology in DFIG to

connect the rotor output with the power grid and converting
the low frequency (s*fs) AC power to the supply frequency
50Hz (f,) commercial power. Fig. 2. LCL filter equivalent circuit diagram

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2015 [EEE [nternational Conference on Technological Advancements in Power & Energy

II. CONVERTER TOPOLOG[ES III. DSVM CONTROL TECHNIQUE

A .Back to Back Converter A. Rotor Side Converter (RSC) Control

Back to back converter is a two stage of converter, which
converts AC-DC-AC. The AC-DC conversion is rectifier stage
this converter is called as grid side converter (GSC) and the
DC-AC conversion is inverter stage this converter is rotor side
converter (RSC).Both converters are connected "back to back"
with a DC link capacitor between them. Dc linl<- capacitor puts
voltage at constant for efficient inversion. RSC controls the
torque or speed of the DFIG and also controls the power factor
of the stator terminals but the GSC only puts DC link voltage
at constant.
GSC works at grid frequency but RSC works at different
frequencies according slip speed variations. Back to back
converter converts variable voltage, variable frequency into
constant voltage, constant frequency or constant voltage,
constant frequency into variable voltage, variable frequency in
"back to back" directions [6].
RSC provides the excitation for the DFIG rotor and also
control the active and reactive power control. RSC provides
variable frequency according to wind speed conditions. DFIG
controlled in a synchronously rotating dq-axis frame, with the
d-axis oriented along with stator-flux vector position in one
common implementation, this is stator flux oriented (SFO)
control.
To describe the control scheme, the general Park's model of
an induction machine is introduced. Using the motor
convention in a static stator-oriented reference frame, without
saturation, the voltage vector equations are
(1)
(2)

B. Matrix Converter
Matrix converter consists of nine bidirectional solid-state
switches. Bi-directional solid-state switch is shown in fig.
noA.
Where V; is the stator voltage imposed by the grid. The rotor
voltage V; is controlled by the rotor-side converter and used
to perform generator control.
The flux vector equations are

(3)

(4)
Fig. 3. Bi-directional switch

Where Ls and Lr are the stator and rotor self-inductances:

Matrix converter is an AC-AC converter. Which converts Ls=Lm+ Lis, Lr=Lm+ LIT
variable voltage, variable frequency into constant voltage,
constant frequency or constant voltage, constant frequency Under stator-flux orientation (SFO), in dq-axis component
into variable voltage, variable frequency.MC can control the form, the stator flux equations are:
direction of the current independently; conduction losses are
lesser than back to back converter and also controls the power
factor effectively [7-8].

Matrix converter doesn't consist of DC link capacitor so

that the cost of converter also reduced. Matrix converter
technology is a newly lodged technology in wind energy
generation it can convert AC-AC or AC-DC also.MC has Defining leakage factor and equivalent
three important topologies [9]. They are L2
inductance asLo = --'!!:.
Ls
• It can vary the input AC waveform so it simply called
as AC controller topology. The rotor voltage and flux equations are (scaled to be
• [t can be used if the out frequency is much lesser than numerically equal to the ac per-phase values):
the input source frequency this is cyclo-converter
topology.
• Finally it is matrix converter topology it is most robust
without any limits on the out frequency and amplitude.

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2015 [EEE [nternational Conference on Technological Advancements in Power & Energy

l s + (JLrlrd
L� . .
- multiplying the two switching functions i.e. product or

I
1/Jrd = m
Ls (7) rectifier and inverter switching functions. Rectifier switching
1/Jrq = (JLr irq function and inverter switching functions are produced by

{1/Js{31/Jsa fCvsa - Rsisa)dt

Where the slip angular speed is Wslip= Ws- Wr.

. ,(}s - tan
SVM technique then two results will be combined [10].

[ ] [ ]
fe Vs{3 - Rsls{3 ) dt
The stator flux angle is calculated from
(l/J-SfJ ) 'n S21 ''' SO S.
[SS� ]
= _ -1
(8) S3 Ss
l/Jsa S12 S22 S32 =
S9 SlO X (15)
=
S4 S6
S13 S23 S33 Sll Sl2
Where 9s is the stator-flux vector position.
[ ] [
VA SO S. ] []V,
[� : ] �:
Rotor excitation current control is realised by controlling rotor S S3 S
voltage. The ird and irq error signals are processed by VB =
S9 SlO X X (16)
S S4 S
associated PI controllers to give Vrd and vrq, respectively. Vc Sll Sl2

A. Rectifier Switching Functions

(9) Mathematical representation of rectifier switching pattern in
matrix form is [11].

To ensure good tracking of the rotor dq-axis currents, TABLE II. RECTIFIER SWITCHING FUNCTIONS

compensation terms are added to V'rd and V'rq to obtain the Vectors iSRll SR12 SRI3 SR21 SR22 SR23 ia I" I, Ilap(t)1 lit Vnc
II 1 0 0 0 0 I IDC 0 -IDC 1'i21Dc 30 -vea
reference voltages Vrd and Vrq according to
* * 12 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 IDc -IDc 1'i2IDc 90 Vbc
13 0 1 0 1 0 0 -IDC IDC 0 1'i21Dc 150 -Vab
14 0 0 1 1 0 0 -IDC 0 IDe 1'i2IDc -150 Vea
15 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 -IDC IDC 1'i21Dc -90 -Vbc
I. 1 0 0 0 1 0 IDe -IDe 0 1'i2IDc -30 Veb
h 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0
I. 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 - 0
The electromagnetic torque is 19 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 - 0

(II) (17)
rf
herefore, the q-axis reference current, irq e can be determined

- ---
from the reference torque T/ef as
(18)
.ref _ 2T;ef __
2Teref
_
1 rq - (12)
3pLoims 3pl/Jms
B. Grid Side Converter (GSC) Control B. Inverter Switching Functions

GSC maintain the DC linl<- voltage constant and also controls Mathematical representation of rectifier switching pattern in
matrix form is [11]:
the power factor
IV. ISVM CONTROL TECHNIQUE
(19)
Both converters are controlled by indirect space-vector
modulation (ISVM) scheme. [t is similar to pulse width
modulation but it is based on two-phase representation of
three-phase quantities through transformation as follows. (20)

(13)
TABLE III. INVERTER SWITCHING FUNCTIONS
Vectors ST11 Sm SI21 Sm ST31 Sm VA VO lio Inc
U=ei(2n/3)= cos (¥) +j sin (¥) (14) V, 1 0 0 1 0 1
VB Vc VAB VBC VCA
VD Ve Ve VDC 0 - VDe 'i2IDc 30 IA
V2 1 0 I 0 0 I VD VD Vc 0 VDC - VDC 'i21Dc 90 -Ic
V3 0 1 1 0 0 1 Ve VD Ve - VDe VDC 0 'i2IDc 150 IB
Switching states are produced by adopting conventional V4 0 I I 0 1 0 Vc VD VD - VDC 0 VDC 'i21Dc -150 -IA
VSI topology and SVM concept. If we draw the matrix V5 0 1 0 1 1 1 Ve Ve VD 0 - VDe VDC 'i2IDc -90 Ie
converter equivalent circuit, it consists of current source V. 1 0 0 I 1 0 VD Vc VD VDC - VDC 0 ,!21Dc -30 -IB
rectifier and voltage source inverter connected through virtual V7 1 0 I 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0
DC-linle ISVM separates the control of the input current and V. 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0
output voltage. Nine switching pulses are produced by

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2015 IEEE International Conference on Technological Advancements in Power & Energy

V. MATLAB/SIMULINK CIRCUITS VI. SIMULATION RESULTS

A. DFIG System with Back to Back Converter

nme(""""",,",)
Grid Side C�llent(labcg)

0.02 00
, 4 o,re 006 01 0.12 0,14 016 0.18
Tm!(�econds)
GridhtiYeP_(Pg)

Fig. 4. Circuit diagram of DFIG system with BTB with ISVM

0.1
e
••'.-.d .... .-.-. ... .-,.,. .... , ("'<>I-l7"�im (�� 0"_>

I �:::
f :�:.:... -I !II I •. · - .
. ��,.- - -

Fig. 8. BTB with DSVM waveform

Fig. 5. Circuit diagram of DFIG System with MC with ISVM

I�-
GrId SIde Vollage(Vabcg)

o 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 012 0.14 015 0.18 0

GrilSijeClJ"rent(labcg)

Time (seconds)

Fig. 6. Circuit diagram of DFIG system with BTB with DSVM

(:IT : : ... : : r:::::1
o 0,02 0""' O.CIe Q.OS
T
0.1
(HC<lnds)
OJ.12 0.14 0.16 O.le 0.2

Time (secoods)

2DO 300 400 !SDO "'DO ?DO

Fr�u_ncy (Hz)

Fig. 9. BTB with ISVM waveforms

Fig. 7. Circuit diagram of DFIG system with MC with DSVM

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2015 IEEE International Conference on Technological Advancements in Power & Energy

B. DFIG System with Me From figures 8 to 11 we can observe the grid voltage, current,
power and converter losses and also the harmonic analysis.
Mainly we focused on the grid power, where it is maximum?
And how much it is stable? If we observe the results we can
identify that the grid power we are getting from DFIG with
MC is more qualitative and high so we are concluding that
from simulation results is DFIG system with MC is high and

I ��
GmSiOe C\lrert(labcg)

qualitative power generator system with variable wind speed

turbines. Converter losses also showing that MC is better than
back to back converter. FFT window showing that THD
o g _ _ �
Trne($ICOIlds)
w � u percentage with MC is good but THD percentage with back to
back is not good.

!J \ : : : : : I · � · 1
o
·
0.1
T .... (seconds)
CO!1vert�Pol,\'eI"Losses{P-ms)
0.2
VII. COMPARISION OF BOTH CONVERTERS

TABLE IV. BTB Vs. MC COMPAR ISI ON with DSVM

System Parameters DSVM

BTB MC
No. of switches 12 9 (back to back)
DC-Link Capacitor 12J.lF No

Tme(setoOOs) Base Power 9 (MW) 9 (MW)

Conversion AC-DC-AC AC-AC
(2-stages) (Single-stage)
L osses 600 W (Average) 500W (Average)
T HO (%) 33.98% 20.41%
Voltage M ag. at fundamental 0.8139 (pu) 0.905 (pu)
freq.
Current Mag. at fundamental 0.9602 (pu) 1.18 (pu)

Fig. 10. MC with DSVM wavefonns freq.

Total output Power 1.35 (PU) 1. 6 (PU)

TABLE V. BTB Vs. MC COM PAR ISI ON with ISVM

'�
' .
S
i (l. ,-- -- -

i 0
� .(I

:1 .
S
System Parameters ISVM
g � _ � �
Tme(secQnds)
w � BTB MC
Grid Side C\lrent (Iilbcg) No. of switches 12 9 (back to back)

! ��
DC-Link Capacitor 12J.lF No
Base Power 9 (MW) 9 (MW)
Conversion AC-DC-AC AC-AC
(2-stages) (Single-stage)
o 0,02 0,04 006 O_OS 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0,18 0.2
Trne(secoods) L osses 100KW(Average) 500W
GridAcl""�'.. (Pg)
THO (%) 1.35% 0.08%

(t . \ .:: : : 1 , 1 . 1
o 0.1
Trne(M«<1<11)

Conve!1erPQWefLosses{P·loss)
0.2
Voltage Mag. at
fundamental freq.
Current Mag. at
fundamental freq.
0.8794 (pu)

1.156 (pu)
0.9025 (pu)

1.165 (pu)

Total output Power 1. 5 (PU) 1. 6 (PU)

• MC provides low-distortion sinusoidal input and

output waveforms, bi-directional power flow, and
controllable input power factor [12]

i
Time (seconds)
Fundan-.ent... (50Hz) _ 0."025 > THD_ o_08·/.
• The dc-link capacitor in BTB is heavy and bulky,

II
increases the cost, and reduces the overall lifetime of
70
60 the system [13].
, 50

� ;t
• The main advantage of the MC is in its compact
design which makes it suitable for applications

Fig. 11. MC withISVM waveforms Where sIze and weight matter, such as in aerospace
applications.

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2015 IEEE International Conference on Technological Advancements in Power & Energy

VIII.CONCLUS SIONS Induction Generator" IEEE PES ISGT ASIA 2012

1569538915

From the comparison of both converters we can observe [5] M. Liserre, F. Blaabjerg and S. Hansen, "Design and control

that matrix converter is efficient one to design DFIG system of an LCL-tilter-based three-phase active rectifier," Industry

for variable wind speeds. In order to track maximum power, Applications, IEEETransactions on, vol. 41, pp. 1281- 1291,

MC adjusts the induction generator terminal frequency, and 2005-01-0I 2005.

thus the turbine shaft speed. MC adjusts the reactive power [6]
transfer at the grid interface to achieve voltage regulation or
power factor correction. MC is highly controllable and allows
independent control of the output voltage magnitude,
frequency, and phase angle, as well as the input power factor. [7]
Compared with the DC-link AC/AC converter systems, an
advantage of the MC is elimination of the DC-link, including [8]
bulky capacitors. The MC structure is inherently capable of a
four-quadrant operation. Finally this paper concludes that
BTB has high converter losses, lesser magnitudes of voltage
and current's, higher THD% and lesser total output power
than MC so that this paper proposes DFIG system with MC
with efficient results. [9]
FUTURE WORK
• Back to back switches implementation.
• Improvement in generating power capacity. [10]
• Simple Control circuits implementation.
• Implementation of converters with IGCT switch.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT [II]
My heartfulthanks to my supervisor Prof. S.P.
Phulambrikar, who helped me to complete this world would
like to thank Dr. Joshua Earnest, Professor, NITTTR,
Bhopal, who led me and motivated me to select the topic. [12]
Especially thankful to Dr. R.c. Jain, Director, S.A.T.1.
Vidisha for his kind cooperation and rendering all possible
facilities.My sincere thanks also to Asso. Prof. C.S Sharma,
Asso. Prof. Sanjeev Gupta, Asst. Prof. S.S Thakur and all
other faculty members of the department for their valuable
suggestions.My heartful thanks to Er. RakeshSagar, who 1131
helped me in software installation.Finally I must express
thanks to my dear brothers V.K. Sudheer, V.K Babu, V.C
Phani and my UESI family without their moral support it was
John Fletcher and Jin Yang (2010). Introduction to the
Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for Wind
PowerApplications, Paths to Sustainable Energy, Dr ArtieNg
(Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-401-6, InTech.
P. W. Wheeler, .T. Rodriguez, .T. Clare, L. Empringham and
A. Weinstein "Matrix Converters : A Technology Review".
VijayaRajuVasipalli, Student, VikalpKulshrestha, Student,
Prof.S. P. Phulambrikar . " Power Quality Improvement by
Designing the LCL Filters for the Matrix Converter in a
DFIG System ", Vol. 3 - Issue 5 (May - 2014), International
Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (lJERT),
ISSN: 2278-0181 , www.ijert.org
MelakuMihret "Modeling, Stability Analysis and Control of
a Direct AC/AC Matrix Converter Based Systems" A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Tennessee
Technological University
CH. Amarendra and P. V. Pattabhi Ram "Comparative Study
of DSVM and ISVM for Matrix Converter" Indian Journal
Of Applied Research (UAR) Volume: 3 I Issue : 6 I June
2013 I ISSN - 2249-555X
Joao Pedro Vasconcelos and Sonia Ferreira Pinto
"Exploiting the Use of Sparse Matrix Converters in Wind
Energy Generation Systems" AC Energia, DEEC, 1ST,
TULisbon Av. RoviscoPais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
L. Helle, K.B. Larsen, A. H. Jorgensen, S.Munk-Nielsen, F.
Blaabjerg, "Evaluation of modulation schemes for three­
phase to three-phase matrix converters," IEEE Transactions
on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, issue I, Feb. 2004 pp.158
- 171
Wen-Song Chienand and Ying-Yu Tzou, "Analysis and
design on the reduction of DC-link electrolytic capacitor for
AC/DC/AC converter applied to AC motor drives, " in Proc.
IEEE PESC 98, Power Electronics Specialists Conf., vol. I,

impossible for me to complete this work. May 1998, pp. 275 - 279.
[14] .T. Rodriguez, M. Rivera, .T. W. Kolar, P. W. Wheeler "A
Review of Control and Modulation Methods for Matrix
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