INTRODUCTION

Due to their high efficiency and high energy density, lithium-ion batteries have

been adopted for mobile electronic devices and electric vehicles. They have

been increasingly used further for various applications, such as small mobility

vehicles (electric motorcycles, golf carts, etc.), stationary batteries for HEMS

(Home Energy Management System), trucks/buses and industrial machinery.

However, they have risks of fire hazard and electric shock if being used

incorrectly. In order to use the highly efficient lithium-ion batteries safely and

effectively, a battery management system (BMS) is needed. Among the BMS,

technologies of the battery capacity estimation and the malfunction detection

are important. A battery management system (BMS) is important to secure safe

usage of Lithium ion batteries. The BMS plays the roles of: detecting

malfunctions, such as overcharge, excessive rise of temperature and electric

leak; and estimating state of charge at temperatures and in the

charging/discharging environment. Thanks to those functions of the BMS, the

lithium-ion batteries having large energy density can be used safely.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Incessant battery failure has led to the general failure of many electronic device

and electric vehicles, many of these battery failure instances could have been

avoided if only the user had a means of monitoring the individual cell of the

battery to observe the battery characteristics. Over loading and over charging of

batteries is another major cause of battery failure. Batteries without good

protection and monitoring system are likely to fail or have a short life span.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this proposed work is to design and construct an intelligent battery

management system and its objectives is as follows are:

i. To carry out research on battery management systems

ii. To produce a circuit diagram and simulation

iii. Produce a drawing of the proposed system

iv. To Design and implement the device 

v. To test the battery management system

SCOPE OF THE WORK

The Scope of this work covers for a battery management system for a set of four

Li-ion batteries connected in series to give an overall voltage of 16.8V.

RELEVANCE OF THE WORK

In electric vehicle industry battery is the key source and the life, condition,

status, plays a vital role in the health of a car as well as the person driving it. We

are going to monitor different aspects of battery and how they are affected by

the condition of a battery. The several factor includes voltage, heat, and battery

leakage.

METHODOLOGY

The proposed battery management device will take advantage of a

microcontrollers ability to read analog voltage signals by internally converting

them to digital signals stored on a 10-bit data register via the aid of its built in

analog to digital converter. The proposed battery system will work with a set of

four 3.7V Li-ion batteries that can give as much as 16V when fully charged,

voltage dividers are used to scale down the voltages of the individual cell to

voltage points below 5V because voltages above this point will damage the

microcontroller. The microcontroller reads the scaled down voltages, scales

them up internally to their true value, then displays them on the LCD screen and

compares them to preset threshhold values so that it can detect abnormal

conditions such as over charging, deep discharging, abnormal battery

temperature and battery electrolyte leakages. A temperature sensor and wetness

sensor is used to monitor battery temperature and electrolyte leakages

respectively.
EXPECTED RESULTS

After the implementation of this work it is expected that an highly efficient

battery managent system will be developed. Battery usage time will be

optimised as well as the battery life span elongated. These parameters will be

tested using a battery capacity tester to ensure that the battery capacity in

Amperes-hour (Ah) is maintained over long periods of usage.

CONCLUSION

An intelligent battery management system always shows its strengths when it

comes to dynamically changing requirements in power supply in combination

with the longevity of lithium battery systems. This is the case, for example, in

the field of building technology for the control of energy-generating and -

recovering systems. Optimal control of charging speed, processor performance

and battery temperature are also relevant in the field of mobile consumer

electronics and communication technology.