EXPERIMENT 1

Object: Study the gain Pattern, HPBW, FNBW and Directivity of a Dipole Antenna
Apparatus required :- Transmitter kit, receiver kit and stepper motor MAT 20 with different antennas.
LCD: This 15X2 Liquid Crystal Display is used to display the frequency of signal being generated along with memory locations etc.
The range is from 150 MHz to 4400 MHz Various sizes for scrolling frequency upward or downward are available from 1 KHz to
500MH The frequency displayed on Power ON is the frequency stored in the memory before power was switched off.
UP: This push button to increase the generated frequency by selected step Size. Pressing it longer will start the scroll mode and
frequency will start to roll slowly and then faster. Further this button could be used to scroll up the menu options, memory locations
etc. The frequency shall increase in 2 bands and shall be available at 2 separate Output SMAS. LEDS corresponding to particular
bands shall light up indicating that user has to change connections.
DOWN: This push button is used decrease the generated frequency by selected Step size .Pressing it longer will start the scroll mode
and frequency will start to roll slowly and then faster. Further this button could be used to scroll down the menu option memory
locations etc. size from 1 KHz to 500MHZ. Also to change from Manual to locations modes.
MENU: This push button is used to select the operation modes likes’ frequency step size from 1 KHz to 500 KHz. Also to change from
manual to auto modes.
ENTER: This push buttoned to store particular frequency in the current location of memory and also to select and store a particular
slop size and initiate serial dump Frequency and level both are stored at any desired memory location on pressing this button. This
display will blink to indicate that frequency has been stored.
ESCAPE: This push button is used to cancel any command and revert to default position.

Fig1.1. Transmitter Fig1.2. Receiver

MIC: This earphone input socket is used to connect the condenser microphone provided. This will frequency modulate voice signal
on the carrier frequency as displayed.
TRIGGER OUT: This BNC is used to send the pulses to the receiver when TX is operating in auto mode.
FM/CW/ AM This toggle switch is used to select the modulation. CW is used for taking antenna measurements, as the level remains
table in this mode.
Deviation/Depth This potentiometer is used to vary the frequency deviation of the FM signal or depth of AM signal. Rotating clock
wise will increase the deviation/ depth and vice versa. RF OUT 150-4400MHz: This is where the transmitted signal is present with
frequency of 150-4400MHz. Its output impedance is 50 ohms. The transmitting antenna can connected to it using the SMA lead
provided Output level around +10dB An external attenuator of 20db can be connected here to reduce the output level by 100 times.
DOWN CONVERTER OUTPUT (1-149 MHz): This is where the transmitted signals present with frequency of 1-149MHz, its
output impedance is 50 ohms. The transmitting antenna can be connected to it using the SMA load provided to generate this down
converter using the shorter SMA leads provided DOWN CONVERTER INPUT: The SMA used to connect to the RF output for down
conversion.
USB: This is used to dump serial data with the help of USB cable into PC.
1. After antenna plotting software installation see software user guide and video for installation), kindly install CP210xVCPinstaller
x86 (Silicon labs Driver for USB) for Windows XP
2 Connect the USB cable from instrument back panel PC using USB-USB cable Supplied and then switch on the instrument .
3. Open My Computer on PC then Properties, then Hardware, then Device manager and then click select ports (com & LPT) and then
a new comport will appear. Silicon Labs CP210x USB to UART Bridge (COM2) in case following appears: Silicon Labs CP210x
USB to UART Bridge (COM3) change it to COM2 by double clicking and instead of com2. then selecting port settings, then advanced
and then selecting compart number com3 Before uploading data into PC open the intense plotting software GUI and select the virtual
comport say COM 2 Incas Silicon Labs CP210x USB to UART Bridge COM2) appears yellow, it means Silicon abs driver is missing
and one needs to install the driver CP210XV First all XB8 lot CD supplied for WIN XPOS.

Fig1.3. Stepper Motor Controller Fig1.4. Antenna Stand

UPCONVERTER OUTPUT: This SMA is used to connect to the input of RF IN 150-4000 MHz SMA TRIGGER Transmitter: When
the receiver is setup to listen in auto mode, this BNC input receives the trigger pulse from transmitter.
UPCONVERTER OUTPUT: This SMA is used to connect to the input of RF IN 150-4000 MHZ SMA.
TRIGGER Stepper: When the receiver is setup to listen in auto mode, this BNC input receives the trigger pulse from stepper
controller. Upon receipt of trigger pulse the over records the displayed RF level reading in Buy into its memory. Upon receipt another
pulse another in loading of RF level is recorded at another memory location when the stepper mot rotates the antenna in angular step
of say 5 degrees, it sends out 72 trigger pulses reaching each location.
USB: This connector connects to PC via null modem cable provided. This dumps the data stored in receiver memory to PC software.
The memory consists of a matrix array o! 3 X 1000 locations the three columns are far memory location number RF level in dB and
Frequency respectively repeated in 1000 OW'S BEEP This buzzer is used to indicate that the meter has reached is specified location
and readings can be taken.

Half Wave Dipole Antenna

A type of antenna in which the length of the dipole is half the wavelength at the operating frequency is known as a half wave dipole
antenna. It is considered as a very popular form of a dipole antenna and is sometimes known as Hertz antenna.

“It is an antenna having a length equal to half the wavelength at the frequency of operation”. The radiation pattern polar diagram for a
half wave dipole antenna shows that the direction of maximum radiation or sensitivity is at right angles to the axis of the RF antenna.
The radiation falls to zero along the axis of the RF antenna as might be expected. In a three dimensional plot, the radiation pattern
envelope for points of equal radiation intensity for a doughnut type shape, with the axis of the antenna passing through the hole in the
center of the doughnut.
Lab Setup :

Angles Amplitude Angles Amplitude Angles Amplitude Angles Amplitude

(Degree) (dBµV) (Degree) (dBµV) (Degree) (dBµV) (Degree) (dBµV)
00 69 90 51 180 68 270 51
10 68 100 53 190 67 280 53
20 67 110 56 200 66 290 55
30 65 120 60 210 64 300 59
40 63 130 63 220 63 310 62
50 61 140 64 230 61 320 65
60 58 150 65 240 59 330 66
70 55 160 66 250 55 340 67
80 53 170 67 260 53 350 68

Angles Amplitude Angles Amplitude Angles Amplitude Angles Amplitude

(Degree) (dBµV) (Degree) (dBµV) (Degree) (dBµV) (Degree) (dBµV)
00 0 90 -18 180 -1 270 -18
10 -1 100 -16 190 -2 280 -16

20 -2 110 -13 200 -3 290 -14

30 -4 120 -9 210 -5 300 -10

40 -6 130 -6 220 -6 310 -7

50 -8 140 -5 230 -8 320 -4

60 -11 150 -4 240 -10 330 -3

70 -14 160 -3 250 -14 340 -2

80 -16 170 -2 260 -16 350 -1

RESULT: The study of experiment of gain Pattern, HPBW, FNBW and Directivity of a Dipole Antenna