STATISTICS

(4th Quarter)
 Math
Prayer

2
Lord, teach me to number my days
And graph them according to your
ways.
Trusting to base me in your plan
To complement our perfect
diagram.
3
Subtract the points you don’t want
from me
But add the values you have set for
me.
Dividing the dividends accordingly
So I can multiply them
systematically.
4
 Draw the lines I have to follow
Guide me properly with your arrow
Because sometimes I tend to be
irrational
Yet all the while you want to be
rational
5
 Well I learned that life is like a
slope
With its ascends and descends I
must scope
Teaching me the variables of life
Is just like solving problems all the
time
6
 Life is indeed an infinite equation
Perfected by your eternal
computation
And I am only a miniscule
projection
Give thanks and Praise to Almighty
Creator.
Amen. 7
Basic Concepts
of Statistics
Learning Targets:
✔ I can explain the importance of
Statistics.
✔ I can pose real-life problems that
can be solved by Statistics.
✔ I can formulate simple statistical
instruments.
STATISTICS
⮚ comes from the latin word
statiscus, which means “the
study of people, supplies, and
the like in state.’’
STATISTICS
It is a branch of Mathematics that
deals with the scientific collection,
organization, presentation,
analysis, and interpretation of
numerical data.
Importance
of
Statistics
Society frequently organizes and
expresses data numerically. We are
exposed to statistics everyday from
weather predictions, newspaper ads,
election results, surveys and the
like…
 It is used in business to
observe patterns and
behaviors of sales, to
forecast trends. It is also
used in the areas of
finance, marketing and
production, promotion
and advertising.
 In medicine, it is
used to evaluate
the effectiveness
of newly-
formulated
medicines.
 In school, it is used to
identify the enrollment
figures, the rate of
absenteeism of the
students, the IQ scores of
students and the result of
standardized tests, and
more.
In government, it
is used to assess
the opinions and
preference of the
public on issues.
Common Terms
in Statistics
1. Population
This refers to the entire
collection of observation such
as people or objects being
considered. It may be finite or
infinite.
2. Individual
It is an observation such as a
person or object included in
the study.
3. Sample
It is a small portion of a
population. It is also refers to a
subset, subgroup, or
representative of a population.
Classify each of the following as population
and sample.
P 1. All schools in the Philippines
S 2. Selected freshmen students
P 3. All owners of bus companies
P 4. World population
P 5. All legal immigrants in Canada
S 6. Selected employees in a company
P 7. All elementary pupils
P 8. Ages of faculty staff in a school
P 9. Total number of islands in the Philippine

S 10. Monthly food budget of 30 families

4. Parameter
It is any numerical or nominal
characteristics of a
population.
5. Data
It is a collection of facts or a set of
information or observation under
study such as numbers, words,
measurements, or attributes to
describes things. Data may be
qualitative or quantitative.
 5a. Qualitative Data
This is a set of data that gives descriptive
information; it describes something and
possesses a categorical measurement
expressed not in terms of numbers, but
rather by means of a natural language
description.
 5b. Quantitative Data
This is a set of data that gives
numerical information values or
numerical measurement for which
operations such as addition or
averaging make sense.
 Determine whether the following are
quantitative or qualitative data.
Quantitative 1. Speed of a truck
Qualitative 2. Blood type
Quantitative 3. Number of qualified voters
Qualitative 4. Types of rocks
Quantitative 5. Diameter of planets
Qualitative 6. Kingdom of animals
Quantitative 7. Sizes of jeans
Quantitative 8. Length of a declamation
piece
Quantitative 9. Number of pages in a book
Qualitative 10. Weather status in a day
Quantitative data can be
discrete or continuous.
 5b1. Discrete Data
It is one that can assume a certain
value or finite number of values. The
values are obtained through the
process of counting.
5b2. Continuous Data
It is one that can assume several
values within a specified interval or
range. The process is obtained
through measurement.
Determine whether the given variable is
discrete or continuous.
D 1. Number of white boards
C 2. Amount of perfume
C 3. Distance traveled by a car
D 4. Number of aces in a deck of
playing cards
D 5. Dots on a pair of dice
D 6. Number of animals in a zoo
C 7. Heights of tennis players
D 8. Number of holidays in a year
C 9. Weights of infants
C 10. Area of a playground
6. Variable
It is the characteristics of the
individual to be measured or
observed. Variables may be classified
on the basis of whether they are
dependent or independent.
6a. Dependent Variable
It is a variable affected or
influenced by another variable.
6b. Independent Variable
It is one that affects or influences
the dependent variable.
Types of Data
Measurement
1. Nominal data- This refers to
qualities with no rank or ordering
and no numerical or quantitative
value such as names, labels, and
categories.
2. Ordinal data- This can be
arranged in some order, but the
differences between the data
values are meaningless.
3. Interval data - The data values
can be ranked and the differences
between data values are
meaningful. However, there is no
intrinsic zero, or starting point,
and the ratio of data values are
meaningless.
 4. Ratio data- It is similar to
interval, except there is true zero
or starting point, and the ratios of
data values have meaning.
Data can be collected by any
of the following:

1.Direct Observation
2. Survey
3. Files or Records
Activity #1: Let’s Practice!

Refer to your MDLB.

Answer Let’s Practice
numbers 1-24
on page 113.