Basic site knowledge of a

civil engineer| what civil site

engineer should know?
After completing a bachelor’s degree in civil, in everyone’s mind how they can
get a good job

And nowadays in the field too much competition for the job, but during the
college course if you have studied well and have good knowledge in civil then
there is a chance that you can get the job.
Still, in a fresher mind, they don’t know which are the main point should know
about civil works, so today here we are going to tell you some essential points
about the site by which you can understand civil works properly.

There is some basic point for

civil engineers about site
knowledge

. why do we provide a distribution bar in the slab?

Rebar binding works

Basically, in the slab, first of all, we use the main bars, and then to keep the
main bars in the position we use the distribution bar, and in a two-way slab,
we consider the distribution bar as the main bar. In the slab, there is one way
or two-way slab, for identity which is one way or which is two way there is a
basic formula

Longer span/ shorter span < 2 , so this is a two-way slab and if it comes
greater than 2 then it’s a one-way slab.

For example, if the slab length is 6m and the breadth is 2m then according to
the formula it comes greater than 2m which means it’s a one-way slab.
And in the two-way slab, we can see the load distribution around the slab.

. weight of rod per meter length?

This is also an important point at a site what is the weight of the rod per meter
length? because you will see at site lots of bars there for use in different
structure so for civil engineers it’s important that they should know how to
calculate the weight of the bar .so here is the formula:

Weight of rod per meter length = d^2*l/162.2

Here d is indicated for the diameter of the bar & l for the length of the bar

So by this formula easily can calculate the bar weight .and at the site during
the BBS it is very helpful for calculating the weight.

And there is some more point which is related to bars. L for column main rod
in footing is 300 mm minimum. and there is also a formula by which can get
the length which is equal to the 50d, where d is indicated for the diameter of
the bar. And the hook length for the stirrups is 9d.

And in cantilever beam anchorage length for main steel is 69d.

Full form of different types of bars

This is the technical point of steel reinforcement

1. TMX:- Thermal Powered bars.

2. SD:- Super Ductile bars
3. HYSD:- High Yield Strength deformed bars
4. CTD:- Cold twisted bars deformed.
5.

. Concrete grade

Grade cement sand aggregate

M7.5 1 4 8

M10 1 3 6

M15 1 2 4

M20 1 1.5 3

M25 1 1 2

M30 1 1 3
concrete work

. Parapet Wall

This is the basic element of any construction building, so it is important to

know about it. Basically, the parapet wall height should be less than 1.2m of
the building .and the water-cement ratio shall not exceed 0.45 in M20 and
0.50 M10/M15.

and some points which are related to the pipes and electrical conduct are also
important to know, so the sanitary pipes and electrical conduct will not be
installed in between the column and beam.
. chair bars

In the construction of the slab, we are providing the chair bars, so 1 chair bar
is provided every 1m^2 area that’s means spacing not more than 1 meter. And
the bars which are used for making the chair they’re a minimum diameter will
be 12mm.

. The lapping of the reinforcement

Rebar work

The lapping of the reinforcement is different in different structural elements

like
Reinforcement in slab : 60D ,D for Diameter

Reinforcement in Beam: 60 D, D for Diameter

Reinforcement in the column: 45 D, D for Diameter

. the basic point about Foundation

foundation

In any construction, the foundation is provided in order to safely distribute

the load of the structure in the soil and before starting the foundation we have
to test the soil qualities and its properties to know that the soil can bear the
load of the structure. Basically, foundations are the two types

1. Shallow foundation
2. Deep foundation

And before we go pipe foundation we should know that the pipe foundation is
adopted when the soil bearing capacity is less than 24KN/M^3.

. The basic point about column

Basically, the column is a vertical member in a building or any structure which

is support structural load transferred by the whole structure through a beam
after that column transfer the load to the footing, and the footing further
transfers it to the soil. And the removal time period of the column for work is
24 hours from the date of casting.

.Masonry works
construction wall

Masonry works is a most important part of any construction so any civil

engineer should know properly .by this knowledge a civil engineer can help to
reduce the cost estimation of any project.

A mason can cover 25 to 30 m^3 bricks work in a day, the works progress also
depends on the skill of the mason and their knowledge .a mason is responsible
for the bricks works, plaster works, finishing, concrete, etc.

And mason leads the helpers to complete the work in the proper ways. A
well-skilled mason has some basic knowledge. They should know how to use
the measurement tap, their common use tools, etc.
In masonry works it’s important to know that the inner wall plaster size is
12mm, for roof plaster it should be 6-8 mm, and the outer wall should be
14mm -16mm, but it is also not fixed can change also according to the
structure.