A Research Paper

WASTE SEGREGATION PRACTICES OF PUROK PUNTA ROMA RESIDENCE

Presented by:

Jimenez, Merry Joy

Llabore, Mylene

Pahayahay, Ronamae

Taganile, Bianca Jane

Vasquez, Mark Johncent

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Waste is a product by human, the material (glass, paper or plastic). In order to avoid the hazard

that cause by waste human should follow the simple way of segregating the waste reduce,

reuse, recycle. The ways management process ideally should human always follow are

prevention, reduction, recycling, recovery, and disposal. Human should provide clearly labelled

and coloured trash can so that people that will throw their trash know where to put it.

Waste is a major issue around the world, in every country there is waste. According to the

World Bank (2018), the global production of solid waste is at 2.01 billion and 33% of the trash is

not managed in an environmental way. If waste is collected and handled properly it can all be

recycle and reuse. Plastic, paper waste they can be processed to create new things. Also waste

poses a threat to both human health and marine life and the creatures that is living in the sea

because people in beach area tend to throw their garbage in their surroundings and when it is

high tide the water will rise and some garbage reaches the sea.

Air pollution and water poisoning can all result from improper waste disposal. The main reason

of improper waste disposal is lack of knowledge about it and they don’t practice proper waste

segregation. When hazardous waste is separated properly pollution of the air and water can be

avoided. Waste must be put in separated bins (biodegradable, non- biodegradable, infectious)

and should be disposed properly. Some waste can be also use as fertilizers such as food scraps,
some people use that to put in their plants and their flowers. In some way waste is somehow

useful but people just really need to manage it well so that it will not bring hazard in our world.

Waste includes different kinds of toxic effects on the environment that usually causes water

contamination, soil erosion and air contamination. Waste is everywhere because of the

mismanagement of it, most especially the people that lives along coastal area, they usually

throw their waste at the beach that causes the sea creatures to be poisoned. Right disposal of

waste consists a lot of advantages, it reduces the level of waste that reaches landfills and sea,

the pollution of air and water will considerably reduce when or if the waste is managed and

separated well.

According to the United Nations (2022), about 11.2 billion tonnes of solid waste is collected

worldwide, almost all of which comes from humans alone. We therefore not only need to

manage this waste but also come up with strategies that will manage such waste. Failing to

segregate trade waste properly means that it will end mixed in landfills the same way it was

mixed in your bins, that is why we need some waste segregation practices to at least help and

develop the none stopping flow of waste not just in our area but all over the world.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Waste management and sanitization were not widely prized for hundreds of years,

perpetuating certain standards of living and, in many cases, helping to create notorious

historical moments, such as the dreaded bubonic plague (Andy Rihn, 2021). According to this,

disposing of waste isn’t that a particular problem a long time ago unlike today, which

nowadays it causes a lot of damage in environment and in some other way it is also one of the

reason why some other sickness like dengue is spreading. In some particular ways, waste toxic

effects constitute threat to every human’s health and also in the environment if it is not

collected and disposed of properly.

Waste management is the generation, prevention, characterization, monitoring, treatment,

processing, reuse, and residual disposition of social trash are all considered to be parts of waste

management (Emmanuel Azuike, 2016). There are many ways to dispose of waste, including

recycling, composting, barging, using landfills, incineration and using mechanical destroyers.

Treatment and segregation methods vary according to the type of problem that a community

faces. Residents or any responsible community member can carry out an appropriate solution

for the sake of the environment. Nowadays, the main issue that everyone has with waste

segregation practices is a lack of discipline on the part of some people, which leads to an

increase in garbage problems, which also affects air pollution, floods, and the excessive

breeding of rodents and vermin. When waste is sorted properly, it can avoid diseases and

impurity around us. Waste is harmful is if we don’t know how to separate it correctly, but if we

have wisdom on how to tie it up together we can create things to earn money through waste.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Generally this study would like to generate information from Purok Punta Roma Residence

Waste Segregation Practices at Barangay Taba-ao, Sagay City, Negros Occidental. This also

wants to instruct the residents the right way, how they minimize their waste and the proper

practices that the community are currently doing and implementing. Also, how they make sure

or how the residents of Punta Roma, themselves, assuring that they can avoid the toxic effect of

waste in somehow matter.

The Purok Punta Roma residents in Barangay Taba-ao need some improvement on how they

manage their waste, especially the waste that reaches the sea and has the possibility to affect

sea creatures.

Specifically this study sought to answer the following questions.

1. What is the profile of Purok Punta Roma residents at Barangay Taba-ao in terms of:

A. Household no. of

B. Size of family

C. Income or Economic status

2. What is the waste disposal practices of Purok Punta Roma residence at Barangay Taba-ao in

terms of;

A. Biodegradable materials

B. Non-biodegradable materials

C. Infectious waste materials

D. Recyclable or Reusable
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

According to (Hornsby et al. 2016), environmental challenges surrounding the effect of the

current waste management practices have received a high level of public attention, due to the

continuous problems in establishment and implementation of effective waste management

since the mid-1990s. It states the failure of waste management since mid-1990s up to the

current time in which problems are continuous instead to be ended by solution. As we notice,

horrifying environmental adversity arises more often than before, for the reason that we failed
● Improper disposal ● Observe the waste
our responsibilities in the past and even much more in the present time. Since environmental
● Assessed level of
and waste segregation segregation practices in
challenges became a serious issue, there should be a quick and adequate action to be done
awareness in
of Punta
practices of the the community
order to reduce the alarming situations in our environment. Roma residents
residents
● Proposed projects
Waste is a major challenge in our community, it is one of the biggest problems
● that we need
Application ofto
the
● Absence of garbage like compost pit and
find a solution because it received a high level of public attention. Our area of project
living must be our
proposal
trucks trash bins.
prior consideration in doing so such appropriate and immediate actions. Thus, the waste

segregation practices of Purok Punta Roma residents is the primary concern of this study, to

observe their ways of managing waste, whether they perform waste segregation or none at all,

as well as to suggest effective ways to address arising dilemma.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT

PROCESS OUTPUT
 Figure 1.

The main concern of this study is how the residents manage the current issue about waste

segregation practices of Purok Punta Roma at Barangay Taba-ao. The general objective of this

is simple, it is for the barangay to know how to properly segregate their garbage. With our

proposed project, we can provide alternative ways in eliminating their garbage and to ensure

that the community will maintain the cleanliness in Purok Punta Roma and to promote

ecological awareness.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Waste, is something that everyone cannot avoid of. It can harm and give toxic effects to the

environment; air, water, land, the most affected of waste.

Waste Segregation, refers to the separation of waste, biodegradable, non-biodegradable and

infectious waste, separating the plastic from paper, paper from infectious, plastic from

infectious. Waste Segregation Practices.

Waste Segregation Practices, involves reduce, reuse, recycle. Reduce, reducing the waste.

Reuse, reusing the garbage that is reusable. Recycle is making the garbage into nice thing.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study focused on developing waste segregation practices of Purok Punta Roma Residence.

Moreover, the result of the study will be beneficial to:

Respondents, the respondents will have awareness on the importance of waste segregation

practices and its role on the improvement of their community.

Barangay, the barangay will have a great record in terms of having a clean and sanitized area

that is part of it, not just in the residents eyes but also the other people from the city and other

places that wants to visit the place.

Beach house owner, the beach owner can get people’s interest if they know how to manage

their waste correctly because people will be attracted to the cleanliness of the place.

Visitors, they will know how to practice waste segregation if they visit Purok Punta Roma and

will be more responsible on segregating their waste properly.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This study would like to generate information about waste segregation practices of the

residence at Purok Punta Roma, Barangay Taba-ao, Sagay City, Negros Occidental, conducted

on 2022-2023, using 10 households respondents. Reasons why this study will be conducted by

the researchers is because waste is a common issue nowadays so the researchers want to know
how waste segregation practices carry on in the community of Purok Punta Roma whereas

most of them don’t know how to manage their waste and just throw it in the area, reason why

sometimes other waste reached the sea. Researchers will use some methods like survey and

interview to conduct this study.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Improper waste segregation practices is one of the existing problems that the Philippines is

facing right now with difficulty as humans are the root of this problem. There are several

studies conducted throughout the past years that deduced the importance of waste

segregation practices in the community and the effects of improper segregation of the waste to

the community, environment, and the health of the residents. All of these are introduced in this

section.
Biodegradable

(De Wilde et al., 2013; van den Oever et al., 2017). Biodegradable and compostable materials

can be broken down by microorganisms into water, carbon dioxide, mineral salts and new

biomass within a defined period of time. Whether a biodegradable or compostable plastic item

biodegrades and how quickly that happens, strongly depends on the conditions it is exposed to

during disposal. These include temperature, duration, the presence of microorganisms,

nutrients, oxygen and moisture.

(Bjyu, 2020). Biodegradable wastes are such waste materials which are and can be degraded by

natural factors like microbes (e.g. bacteria, fungi and a few more), and abiotic elements like

temperature, UV, oxygen, etc. Some examples of such wastes are food materials, kitchen

wastes, and other natural wastes. Microorganisms and other abiotic factors together break

down complex substances into simpler organic matter, which eventually suspend and fade into

the soil. The whole process is natural, which can be rapid or slow. Therefore, the environmental

issues and risks caused by biodegradable wastes are low

(EEA, 2020). Recycling rates of plastic are low and plastics leak into the environment through,

for example, littering, improper waste management and wear and tear of products. They can

stay in nature for many years and potentially enter the food chain. Contamination with plastic

particles is a particular challenge in terms of keeping compost made from separately collected

bio-waste clean.
(Kenshin wong.so). It is intended that use of biodegradable materials will contribute to

sustainability and reduction in the environmental impact associated with disposal of oil-based

polymers.

Non-biodegradable

(codersgram9, 2022). A non-biodegradable material is any type of substance that is a cause of

pollution and cannot be degraded by living things. Wastes that are not biodegradable cannot be

broken down or eliminated by natural processes.

As mentioned, any waste type which cannot be decomposed by natural or biological processes

is considered as non-biodegradable waste. Besides plastic, glass and metals, it includes

cardboard, paper, old clothes, thermocol sheets, cans, man-made polymer, biomedical waste,

chemical waste, electronics, batteries etc. (Rohan Bhansali, 2019).

Within a few decades, plastic has become the biggest form of pollution in the world’s oceans

(80% of marine litter consists of plastic) due to its very slow degradability and the growing

accumulation of human waste products (Gewert et al., 2015). When released into the

environment, plastic litter is fragmented by both physical and chemical processes into small

pieces, commonly referred to as “microplastics" (MPs) (Barnes et al., 2009). MPs represent

more than 90% of the total counts of plastic debris at the sea surface (Eriksen et al., 2014).

Infectious Waste

(K.K. Padmanabhan and Debabrata Batik, 2019). Waste contaminated with blood and other

bodily fluids (from discarded diagnostic samples), cultures and stocks of infectious agents from
laboratory work (waste from autopsies and infected animals from laboratories), or waste from

patients in isolation wards and equipment (swabs, bandages, and disposable medical devices).

(Valente and Bueno 2019; Voudrias 2016). The selection of the most efficient infectious waste

treatment technology is a challenging task and depends on various criteria such as

environment, safety, politics, and economics. The availability of diverse WM technologies with

different levels of performance on selected criteria makes the decision-making complex. A

reliable procedure to prioritize the WM treatment technologies will be of great utility for the

decision-makers (Wang et al. 2018).

Infectious waste is a specific class of waste found primarily in health-related industries. (Statute

116.76). The state of Minnesota defines an infectious agents as organism that is capable of

producing infection or infectious disease in humans.

 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study will use qualitative research. Qualitative research is a type of research that explores

and provides deeper insights into real-world problems. Instead of collecting numerical data

points or intervene or introduce treatments just like in quantitative research, qualitative

research helps generate hypothesis as well as further investigate and understand quantitative

data. Qualitative research gathers participants' experiences, perceptions, and behavior. It

answers the how's and why's instead of how many or how much (Eur J Gen Pract. 2017). The

study employed qualitative methods through the use of focus group discussions and key

informant interviews. (Mugamble 2022).

 RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT

The study will be

conducted in Purok

Punta Roma,

Barangay Taba-ao,

Sagay City Negros

Occidental.

The population

in Purok Punta Roma is around 300 people. Purok Punta Punta Roma is near coastal area.
RESEARCH RESPONDENTS

A total of 10 respondents were recruited in this study. The respondents are from Purok Punta

Roma, Barangay Taba-ao, since they are the ones who are affected by the factors mentioned.

Aside from the study's topic being related to waste segregation practices, the researchers also

want to help and give some additional information on how and what the ways to practice waste

segregation properly.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

The researchers will use the purposive sampling in determining the participants of the study.

The researchers will select residents who are residing in Purok Punta Roma which will serve as

the respondents of the study. The researchers will gather the important data such as how they

segregate in terms of biodegradable, non-biodegradable, infectious waste.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The research instrument to be use in the study will be semi-structured interview. The data and

information gathered were taken from an answer of the respondents from the questions that

we will provide through a face-to-face interview.

To find out the specific experiences encountered by the residents on the practices of waste

segregation. An open-ended questions will be use as developed by the researchers that will be

use in gathering the important information regarding the study. Despite having access to a

collection of prepared questionares the researchers did not just rely on the set of
questionnaires to collect data. Interviews are used in gathering data from people about

opinions, beliefs, and felling about situations in their own words. (Ary 2010).

Semi-structured interviews are an effective method for data collection when the researchers

want to collect qualitative open-ended data to explore participant thoughts, feelings, and

beliefs about a particular topic to delve deeply into personal and sometimes sensitive issues.

(DejJonckheere).

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

On the 2nd day of June 2023, the researchers went to Purok Punta Roma which is located in

Barangay Taba-ao. Researchers approached the residents with respects and kindness. Students

select 10 households and interview one participant of each households. The students began by

explaining why they were doing the interview at the first place. The interview questions include

their names is possible, their age, economic status, occupation, and salary. The chosen

residents of Purok Punta Roma are then questioned regarding proper waste segregation

practices and disposal. After answering the interview questions, students asked them if it is

okay to take pictures with them because it is needed in the documentation. Researchers ended

the interview by expressing their gratitude for being given the chance to do the interview.

DATA ANALYSIS

In the analysis of data the researchers used the following steps:

The researchers will first conduct an in-depth interview that includes data collected during a

face-to-face interview process using open-ended questions and comments from people with
first-hand experience creating self-learning modules. Interviews involve two or more people,

one of whom is the interviewer asking the questions. There are several types of interviews,

often differentiated by their level of structure. (Goerge 2022).

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

The researchers made certain that they observed some proper methods of communicating with

the respondents while conducting this study. The researchers ensured that the residents were

properly informed and willing to participate in the study. This study showed no harm to the

environment or the locals, and the researchers also value the respondents' security and

confidentiality. The gathered data will be used and applied in the research, with no gathered

data being exposed outside of the project, and are reasonable, credible, and valid. The

researchers will make certain to maintain contact with the respondents in order to provide

project updates.
Name: Age:

Sex:

How many people are currently living in this house?

size of family? (small or large)

Economic status (poor, in between, rich)

What type of waste comes out from your household? (plastic, papers)

What type of container do you use to collect all the garbages?

Is there a garbage truck that comes in your purok to pick up your trash?

In what terms or 3r’s do you apply when segregating your garbages? (reduce, reuse, recycle)

Do you apply the proper waste segregation in your household? (bio-degradable, non-
biodegradable, infectious, recyclable or reusable)