B-35.408 - Rev A-Calculation of Soil Bearing Capacity

CALCULATION OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY
FOR ENGINEERING, PROCUREMENT, CONSTRUCTION

AND COMMISSIONING OF
IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION /

LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT
NLNG PROJECT NO: 11/PDR/142
A 22-09-2015 C.Ekweozor A.Lawal V.Lori Issued for Approval

O 31-08-2015 C.Ekweozor H.Ocana V.Lori Issued for Comment
REV DATE BY CHKD APPD DESCRIPTION
WHEN REVISION HAVE BEEN MADE TO THIS DOCUMENT THE AREAS WHERE SUCH CHANGES ARE MADE SHALL
BE INDICATED IN A STRAIGHT LINE BY THE RIGHT MARGIN NEAR THE PART(S) CONCERNED
`
CLASSIFICATION: MOST CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL RESTRICTED UNRESTRICTED
This document is confidential. The copyright therein is vested in

Nigeria LNG Ltd
Recipients must obtain the written authority of the said company
before wholly or partly duplicating these contents or disclosing the IA ADMINISTRATION
same to others. BUILDING EXTENSION /
LEARNING CENTRE
All rights reserved.
PROJECT
PLANT: LNG
LOCATION: BONNY ISLAND, NIGERIA
COMPLEX PROJECT NO: 11/PDR/142
NIGERIA LNG LTD
PAGE 1 OF 122
CALCULATION OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY

UNIT: 8002 DOC NO: B-35.408
CONT.DOC.NO: B120229PPI
DOVER DOC NO: 1502-000-90-AC-S-001
REVISION LOG
Revision Pages Revised Comments
O First Issue
A Page 12 0f 122 Comments Implemented
IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT
LOCATION: BONNY ISLAND, NIGERIA PLANT: LNG COMPLEX PROJECT NO: 11/PDR/142
NIGERIA LNG LTD PAGE 2 OF 122 Rev A
UNIT 8002
CALCULATION OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY DOC NO: B-35.408
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5
1.1 General......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Scope and Objectives ................................................................................................................ 6
1.3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 6
2.0 NOTATIONS & ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………..7
3.0 SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND REFERENCES……………………………………………………………10
3.1 British & Other Codes .............................................................................................................. 10
3.2 Company’s Specifications ....................................................................................................... 10
3.3 References ................................................................................................................................ 10
4.0 SUBSTATION AND CHILLER PLANT AREA…………………………………………………………………….11
4.1 Site Description and Soil Properties ...................................................................................... 11
4.1.1 Site Description & Geology ..................................................................................................... 11
4.1.2 Soil Stratigraphy........................................................................................................................ 11
4.1.3 Soil Properties ........................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.4 Ground Water Level ................................................................................................................. 12
4.1.5 Borehole Logs ........................................................................................................................... 13
4.2 Shallow Foundation .................................................................................................................. 14
Substation and Chiller Plant Area (Borehole 12) ................................................................................ 14
4.2.1 Settlement Check ..................................................................................................................... 19
4.2.2 Safe Bearing Capacities .......................................................................................................... 22
4.3 Pile Foundation ......................................................................................................................... 24
4.3.1 300 mm Driven Pile Compression Capacity Computation ................................................. 26
5.0 NEW ADMINISTARTIVE BUILDING EXTENSION AREA……………………………………………….43
5.1 Site Description and Soil Properties ...................................................................................... 43
5.1.1 Site Description & Geology ..................................................................................................... 43
5.1.2 Soil Stratigraphy........................................................................................................................ 43
5.1.3 Soil Properties ........................................................................................................................... 44
UNIT 8002
5.1.4 Ground Water Level ................................................................................................................. 45
5.1.5 Borehole Logs ........................................................................................................................... 46
5.2 Shallow Foundation .................................................................................................................. 49
Admin Building Extension (Borehole 1) ................................................................................................ 49
IA (Industrial Area) Admin Building Extension (Borehole 2).............................................................. 54
IA (Industrial Area) Admin Building Extension (Borehole 3).............................................................. 58
5.3 Settlement Check ..................................................................................................................... 62
5.3.1 Safe Bearing Capacities .......................................................................................................... 69
5.4 Pile Foundation ......................................................................................................................... 71
(Bore Hole 1) ............................................................................................................................................ 73
5.5 300 mm Driven Pile Compression Capacity Computation ................................................. 89
(Bore Hole 2) ............................................................................................................................................ 89
5.5.3 750 mm Driven Pile Compression Capacity Computation ............................................... 101
5.6 300 mm Driven Pile Compression Capacity Computation ............................................... 105
(Bore Hole 3) .......................................................................................................................................... 105
6.0 SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..121
6.1 Shallow Foundation ................................................................................................................ 121
6.2 Deep Foundation .................................................................................................................... 122
UNIT 8002
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
The expansion of the NLNG Plant from a 3-Train to a 6-Train operation coupled with the
Head Office relocation from Lagos to Port Harcourt and the move of Shipping Division to
Bonny has increased requirement for office space. Many departments are currently
fragmented in Portakabins. A two-floor Administration Building Extension is to be built to
provide office space for about 270 personnel, located south of the existing Industrial Area
Administration Building.
Existing Learning Centre is no longer adequate or fit for purpose. An additional equipment,
simulator, syndicate rooms and offices for 21 staff are required. Essential major
repairs/refurbishment cannot be carried out while currently occupied. Increased capacity
and quality of facilities is required to allow the realization of the cost savings from more
Head Office staff undertaking training in Bonny instead of using 3rd Party facilities. The
New Learning Centre will be built as part of the Admin Extension complex.
Workshops in existing Learning Centre will be modified and still be used for Training.
The existing Chiller Plant has reached the end of its useful life and operates at reduced
capacity. There is no reliable service for the existing Chiller Plant and no spare capacity for
envisaged expansion nor space for expansion in existing location. A new Chiller Plant is
required and a new LV Substation 39 and extension of existing SS31 33kV switchgear to
supply power to SS37. The existing Chiller Plant will be decommissioned after the New
Chiller is installed & commissioned.
The Administration Building Extension and Learning Centre should reflect both functionality
and a modern image of an international standard office accommodation or learning
institution. The Building Complex will be designed and constructed with same specification
as the existing as is contained in the Basic Design Package.
The IA Administration and Learning Centre Project is therefore a cluster of the following
buildings and facilities:
• IA Administration Building Extension and learning Center with associated external

infrastructures, drainages, roads, car parks
• Substation 39
• New IA Chiller Plant
• Refurbishment of Existing Learning Centre Workshops
UNIT 8002
1.2 Scope and Objectives
The objective of this report is to:
• Outline soil properties as obtained from the geotechnical investigation carried out by
Amaogbo Services Nigeria Limited in November 20th, 2011 and October 10th, 2013
for NLNG IA Admin Extension/Learning Centre Project.
• Compute and outline allowable bearing capacities for shallow and deep foundation for
the Previous (Chiller/Substation) area and present (IA Admin Extension) area to be
adopted for the detailed design of the infrastructural facilities in this project. The
computations are to be based on soil properties supplied by the Soil Investigation
report, Ref: 11C08467100
1.3 Methodology
The bearing capacity computations were carried out based on the subsoil investigation
reports by Amaogbo services limited which were supplied by the Client.
Computations and checks were made for both pile and shallow foundation for the previous
(Chiller/Substation) area and present (IA Admin Extension) area using the given soil
properties and findings of the Geotechnical Investigation report to establish their resistance
capacities.
Based on the ultimate values obtained, allowable values were obtained using the partial
factors of safety as provided in the code of practice for foundation BS 5930
UNIT 8002
2.0 NOTATIONS & ABBREVIATIONS
Below is the list of notations adopted in this report;

A' = B' × L‘ The design effective foundation area
Ab Gross base area of pile tip
Ap Area of pile cross section
As Side surface area of pile

B Foundation width
B' The effective foundation width
BR Reference width = 0.3
Cu Coefficient of uniformity
Cu Undrained shear strength
D Outer diameter of the pile/embedment depth
E Elastic modulus of material forming pile shaft
e Void ratio
F1 Reduction factor
fs Unit skin friction

Gs Specific gravity
Ha Elastic settlement of pile
Hp Total pile settlement
Hpt Point Settlement taking Shaft into Consideration
Hu Ultimate lateral load on pile
I Moment of inertia of cross section of pile shaft
IF Fox embedment factor; 0.55 if L/D<5, 0.5 if L/D > 5
Ks Lateral load factor
L Total length of pile / Length of Foundation

L' The effective foundation length
Mu Ultimate moment
UNIT 8002
N The bearing capacity factors, with subscripts for c, q and γ
Pa Atmospheric pressure = 100kN/m2
PI Plasticity Index
PL Plastic Limit
Psi Skin resistance
pu Ultimate traverse load on pile

Qa Allowable bearing pressure
Qb End bearing resistance of pile
Qs Skin frictional resistance of pile
Qu Ultimate compressive capacity of pile
Qwp Load carried at the pile point under working load condition
Qws Load carried by frictional (skin) resistance under working load condition
q Overburden or surcharge pressure at the level of the foundation base

q’ The design effective overburden pressure at the level of the foundation base
Rb;d End bearing resistance of the pile
Rc,d Design compressive pile resistance

Rs;d Skin frictional resistance of the pile
Se Settlement
SPT Standard Penetration Test
SPT Standard Penetration Test
SPT N SPT Blow Count
S The shape factor of the foundation base with subscripts for c, q and γ
Tu Ultimate pullout capacity
Ta Allowable pile capacity
tanδ Mobilised friction at the pile-soil interface
V The vertical load

w Water content
UNIT 8002
Wp Effective weight of pile
γ’ The design effective weight density of the soil below the foundation base
γw Effective unit weight of water
yg Ultimate pile deflection at ground level
γsub Submerged weight density of the soil
γsub Saturated Unit weight of soil
Zf Depth to point of fixity
Ø' Angle of shearing resistance in terms of effective stress

Øcv Critical state angle of shearing resistance.
σ v’ vertical effective stress at the pile toe
σv average effective stress on the pile shaft
µ Poisson’s ratio = 0.35
α The inclination of the foundation base to the horizontal
α1 A constant for normally consolidated sand = 0.14
α2 Compressibility index = 1.71/N1.4
α3 Correction for influence depth = 1 (for normally consolidated sand)
UNIT 8002
3.0 SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND REFERENCES
3.1 British & Other Codes
BS 8004 Code of Practice for Foundation
BS 5930 Code of Practice for Soil Investigations
EN 1997-1 Code of Practice for Geotechnical Design
3.2 Company’s Specifications

Company requirements to be applied for the work:
DEP 34.11.00.12 (April 1987) Geotechnical and Foundation Engineering
DEP 34.11.00.10 Gen (Dec 1999) Site Investigations
3.3 References
• NLNG IA - Additional Administrative Building Soil Investigation Report Doc No
11C0-8467100
• Foundation Design Construction 7th Edition-2001(by MJ Tomlinson)
• Pile Design and Construction Practice , 4th Edition by MJ Tomlinson
• Foundation Analysis and Design, 5th Edition, by Joseph E. Bowles.
• Structural Design Manual for Administration Office Extension and learning centre
project Doc No B-21.1023
• Principles of Foundation Engineering 6th edition by Braja M.
UNIT 8002
4.0 SUBSTATION AND CHILLER PLANT AREA
4.1 Site Description and Soil Properties
4.1.1 Site Description & Geology
The site area is situated within the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Specifically, the proposed
project site is within the IA of NLNG, Bonny Island. The proposed site location is
bridged with predominately a sand filled salt marsh, tidal flat.
The investigated area is located in the Niger Delta.
4.1.2 Soil Stratigraphy

Table 4.1: Borehole 12 stratigraphy
Layer
S/No. Description
Thickness (m)
1 GL – 3.0 Loose Brownish Fine Sand
2 3.0 – 8.25 Moderately Dense Grey sand
3 8.25 – 9.25 Soft To Firm Drak Grey Sandy Clay
4 9.25 - 12.0 Medium Dense Dark Greyish Fine to Medium Sand
5 12.0 - 15.0 Medium Dense Dark Greyish Fine to Medium Sand
For detailed properties of soil layers, refer to Appendix B Borehole Log of Soil Investigation
Report (IA Administrative Building Extension) - Ref: 11C0-8467100
4.1.3 Soil Properties

The investigation reveals that within the depths explored, the sub-soil is
characterized predominantly by loose, loose to medium dense, medium dense sands
Sandwiching 1.0m dark grey organic sandy sand.
Estimation of the bearing capacity calculation for NLNG IA area was done using soil
properties from Borehole 12. Values used for the computations are shown in Table
4.2
Table 4.2: Average Soil property parameters for Borehole 12
UNIT 8002
LAYER THICKNESS
PROPERTIES
GL - 3.0M 3.0 – 8.25M 8.25-9.25M 9.25 - 15.0 M
Moisture content (%) 24.8 23.83 37.9 19.85
3 17.51
Bulk Unit Weight (KN/m ) 16.83 16.79 14.99
Liquid Limit (%) - - 24.3 -
Plastic Limit (%) - - 20 -
Undrained cohesion (kPa) - - 45 -
Angle of Internal Friction (º) 28 29.75 3 33.25
SPT (N) Blows 7 10 3 21
4.1.4 Ground Water Level

Field measurements in the borehole indicated that the groundwater levels was at
0.25m below grade level at the time of investigation. Also most areas were
Occasionally submerged as dictated by tidal movements of transgression and
regression regimes typical of Niger Delta Environment.
However, this situation was considered in the calculation of bearing capacity for
shallow foundations by using the effective unit weight of soil to get the soil bearing
capacity parameters.
UNIT 8002
4.1.5 Borehole Logs
UNIT 8002
4.2 Shallow Foundation
The design calculations for shallow foundation were carried out based on the information
given in the geotechnical report and in accordance with the procedures given in the
reference codes and standards. Spreadsheets were utilized for the calculations. The bearing
capacity for shallow foundation was computed using Meyerhof method. A factor of safety of
2.0 was used to obtain the safe bearing pressures. For symbols, annotations and
abbreviations, refer to section 2.0
The results are tabulated below showing capacities at depths of 0.5m, 1.0m, 1.2m, 1.5m,
and 2.0m below ground level for typical foundation length and width dimensions.
Substation and Chiller Plant Area (Borehole 12)

Meyerhof’s Method (Foundation Analysis and Design 5th Edition by Joseph E.
Bowles - Table 4-1, Pg 220)
Computation for Ultimate Bearing Capacity (Qult)

Meyerhof formular
Qult = cNcscdc + qNqsqdq + 0.5γB'Nγsγ
But c = 0
Qult = qNqsqdq + 0.5γB'Nγsγ
Allowable bearing capacity Qa = Qult/F.S
where
F.S = Factor of Safety = 2.0
Shape factor : sγ , sq
sγ, sq = 1 + 0.1kp (B/L)
Kp = tan2(45+Φ/2) = 2.77
Depth factor : dγ , dq
dγ, dq = 1+ 0.1kp1/2*(Df /B)
UNIT 8002
Meyerhof
Φ
Nc Nq Nγ
0 5.14 1 0
5 6.49 1.6 0.1
10 8.34 2.5 0.4
15 10.97 3.9 1.1
20 11.83 6.4 2.9
25 20.71 10.7 6.8
26 22.25 11.8 8
28 25.79 14.7 11.2
30 30.13 18.4 15.7
32 35.47 23.2 22
34 42.14 29.4 31.1
36 50.55 37.7 44.4
38 61.31 48.9 64
40 75.25 64.1 93.6
45 133.73 134.7 262.3
50 266.5 318.5 871.7
w = moisture content = 24.8 %

Gs = specific gravity = 2.7
3
γw =effective unit weight of water = 9.81 kN/m
3
Bulk unit weight = 16.86 kN/m
3
γ' (kN/m3) = effective unit weight = 7.05 kN/m tan2(45+Φ/2) = 59
φ = angle of internal friction = 28 ⁰
void ratio e0 = 1.23
Ref: Appendix B, Borehole logs - Soil Investigation Report (IA Admin Extension)
Nq = 14.7 Nγ = 11.2
Note:
The effective unit weight of soil (γ') rather than bulk unit weight (γ) has been used for computations
due to the high water table reported. The effect of this is a significant reduction of the soil bearing
capacities in line with recommendations of the subsoil investigation report.
UNIT 8002
Df (m) B L B' (m) L' (m) L'/B' B'/L' γ' (kN/m3) q' =γ'*Df sγ sq dq dγ 0.5 *γ'*B'*sγ*Ny*dy q' *sq*dq*Nq, 2
qult (kN/m )
2
qa = qult/2 (kN/m )
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 7.05 3.525 1.277 1.277 1.083 1.166 29.403 71.676 101.08 50.54
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 7.05 3.525 1.138 1.138 1.083 1.083 24.344 63.903 88.25 44.12
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 7.05 3.525 1.092 1.092 1.083 1.083 23.357 61.312 84.67 42.33
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 3.525 1.069 1.069 1.083 1.083 22.863 60.016 82.88 41.44
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 7.05 3.525 1.277 1.277 1.055 1.055 39.909 69.841 109.75 54.87
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 7.05 3.525 1.138 1.138 1.055 1.055 35.581 62.267 97.85 48.92
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 7.05 3.525 1.092 1.092 1.055 1.055 34.138 59.742 93.88 46.94
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 3.525 1.069 1.069 1.055 1.055 33.417 58.479 91.90 45.95
0.5
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.05 3.525 1.277 1.277 1.042 1.042 52.513 68.923 121.44 60.72
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 7.05 3.525 1.138 1.138 1.042 1.042 46.818 61.448 108.27 54.13
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 7.05 3.525 1.092 1.092 1.042 1.042 44.919 58.957 103.88 51.94
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 3.525 1.069 1.069 1.042 1.042 43.970 57.711 101.68 50.84
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 7.05 3.525 1.277 1.277 1.028 1.028 77.721 68.005 145.73 72.86
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.05 3.525 1.138 1.138 1.028 1.028 69.292 60.630 129.92 64.96
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 7.05 3.525 1.092 1.092 1.028 1.028 66.482 58.172 124.65 62.33
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 3.525 1.069 1.069 1.028 1.028 65.077 56.942 122.02 61.01
Df (m) B L B' (m) L' (m) L'/B' B'/L' γ' (kN/m3) q' =γ'*Df sγ sq dq dγ 0.5 *γ'*B'*sγ*Ny*dy q' *sq*dq*Nq, qult (kN/m2) qa = qult/2 (kN/m2)
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 7.05 7.05 1.277 1.277 1.166 1.166 29.403 154.365 183.77 91.88
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 7.05 7.05 1.138 1.138 1.166 1.166 26.214 137.624 163.84 81.92
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 7.05 7.05 1.092 1.092 1.166 1.166 25.151 132.044 157.19 78.60
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 7.05 1.069 1.069 1.166 1.166 24.620 129.253 153.87 76.94
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 7.05 7.05 1.277 1.277 1.111 1.111 42.007 147.023 189.03 94.52
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 7.05 7.05 1.138 1.138 1.111 1.111 37.451 131.078 168.53 84.26
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 7.05 7.05 1.092 1.092 1.111 1.111 35.932 125.764 161.70 80.85
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 7.05 1.069 1.069 1.111 1.111 35.173 123.106 158.28 79.14
1.0
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.05 7.05 1.277 1.277 1.083 1.083 54.611 143.353 197.96 98.98
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 7.05 7.05 1.138 1.138 1.083 1.083 48.688 127.806 176.49 88.25
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 7.05 7.05 1.092 1.092 1.083 1.083 46.714 122.623 169.34 84.67
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 7.05 1.069 1.069 1.083 1.083 45.727 120.032 165.76 82.88
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 7.05 7.05 1.277 1.277 1.055 1.055 79.818 139.682 219.50 109.75
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.05 7.05 1.138 1.138 1.055 1.055 71.162 124.533 195.69 97.85
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 7.05 7.05 1.092 1.092 1.055 1.055 68.276 119.483 187.76 93.88
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 7.05 1.069 1.069 1.055 1.055 66.834 116.959 183.79 91.90
NIGERIA LNG LTD PAGE 16 OF 122 Rev O
UNIT 8002
qult (kN/m )
2
qa = qult/2 (kN/m )
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 7.05 8.46 1.277 1.277 1.200 1.200 30.242 190.524 220.77 110.38
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 7.05 8.46 1.138 1.138 1.200 1.200 26.962 169.862 196.82 98.41
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 7.05 8.46 1.092 1.092 1.200 1.200 25.869 162.974 188.84 94.42
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 8.46 1.069 1.069 1.200 1.200 25.322 159.530 184.85 92.43
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 7.05 8.46 1.277 1.277 1.133 1.133 42.846 179.952 222.80 111.40
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 7.05 8.46 1.138 1.138 1.133 1.133 38.199 160.436 198.64 99.32
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 7.05 8.46 1.092 1.092 1.133 1.133 36.650 153.931 190.58 95.29
1.2 6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 8.46 1.069 1.069 1.133 1.133 35.876 150.678 186.55 93.28
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.05 8.46 1.277 1.277 1.100 1.100 55.450 174.666 230.12 115.06
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 7.05 8.46 1.138 1.138 1.100 1.100 49.436 155.723 205.16 102.58
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 7.05 8.46 1.092 1.092 1.100 1.100 47.431 149.409 196.84 98.42
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 8.46 1.069 1.069 1.100 1.100 46.429 146.252 192.68 96.34
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 7.05 8.46 1.277 1.277 1.067 1.067 80.657 169.380 250.04 125.02
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.05 8.46 1.138 1.138 1.067 1.067 71.910 151.011 222.92 111.46
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 7.05 8.46 1.092 1.092 1.067 1.067 68.994 144.887 213.88 106.94
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 8.46 1.069 1.069 1.067 1.067 67.536 141.826 209.36 104.68
qult (kN/m )
2
qa = qult/2 (kN/m )
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 7.05 10.575 1.277 1.277 1.250 1.250 31.501 248.067 279.57 139.78
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 7.05 10.575 1.138 1.138 1.250 1.250 28.084 221.163 249.25 124.62
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 7.05 10.575 1.092 1.092 1.250 1.250 26.945 212.196 239.14 119.57
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 10.575 1.069 1.069 1.250 1.250 26.376 207.712 234.09 117.04
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 7.05 10.575 1.277 1.277 1.166 1.166 44.104 231.548 275.65 137.83
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 7.05 10.575 1.138 1.138 1.166 1.166 39.321 206.436 245.76 122.88
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 7.05 10.575 1.092 1.092 1.166 1.166 37.727 198.065 235.79 117.90
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 10.575 1.069 1.069 1.166 1.166 36.930 193.880 230.81 115.40
1.5
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.05 10.575 1.277 1.277 1.125 1.125 56.708 223.288 280.00 140.00
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 7.05 10.575 1.138 1.138 1.125 1.125 50.558 199.072 249.63 124.82
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 7.05 10.575 1.092 1.092 1.125 1.125 48.508 191.000 239.51 119.75
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 10.575 1.069 1.069 1.125 1.125 47.483 186.964 234.45 117.22
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 7.05 10.575 1.277 1.277 1.083 1.083 81.916 215.029 296.94 148.47
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.05 10.575 1.138 1.138 1.083 1.083 73.032 191.709 264.74 132.37
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 7.05 10.575 1.092 1.092 1.083 1.083 70.071 183.935 254.01 127.00
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 10.575 1.069 1.069 1.083 1.083 68.590 180.048 248.64 124.32
UNIT 8002
2 2
Df (m) B L B' (m) L' (m) L'/B' B'/L' γ' (kN/m3) q' =γ'*Df sγ sq dq dγ 0.5 *γ'*B'*sγ*Ny*dy q' *sq*dq*Nq, qult (kN/m ) qa = qult/2 (kN/m )
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 7.05 14.10 1.277 1.277 1.250 1.250 31.501 330.755 362.26 181.13
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 7.05 14.10 1.138 1.138 1.250 1.250 28.084 294.884 322.97 161.48
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 7.05 14.10 1.092 1.092 1.250 1.250 26.945 282.927 309.87 154.94
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 14.10 1.069 1.069 1.250 1.250 26.376 276.949 303.32 151.66
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 7.05 14.10 1.277 1.277 1.166 1.166 44.104 308.730 352.83 176.42
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 7.05 14.10 1.138 1.138 1.166 1.166 39.321 275.248 314.57 157.28
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 7.05 14.10 1.092 1.092 1.166 1.166 37.727 264.087 301.81 150.91
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 14.10 1.069 1.069 1.166 1.166 36.930 258.507 295.44 147.72
2.0
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.05 14.10 1.277 1.277 1.125 1.125 56.708 297.718 354.43 177.21
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 7.05 14.10 1.138 1.138 1.125 1.125 50.558 265.430 315.99 157.99
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 7.05 14.10 1.092 1.092 1.125 1.125 48.508 254.667 303.18 151.59
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 14.10 1.069 1.069 1.125 1.125 47.483 249.286 296.77 148.38
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 7.05 14.10 1.277 1.277 1.083 1.083 81.916 286.705 368.62 184.31
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.05 14.10 1.138 1.138 1.083 1.083 73.032 255.612 328.64 164.32
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 7.05 14.10 1.092 1.092 1.083 1.083 70.071 245.247 315.32 157.66
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 7.05 14.10 1.069 1.069 1.083 1.083 68.590 240.065 308.65 154.33
UNIT 8002
4.2.1 Settlement Check
For detailed foundation design calculations, immediate settlement checks shall be
carried out in accordance with the code of practice for foundation.
Immediate Settlement (si) Calculations
The immediate settlement is calculated using Burland and Burbidge method from
the formula
Se = α1* α2* α3*1.25*[(L/B)/0.25+ (L/B)] 2*(B/BR) 0.7*(q1/Pa) - Principles of
Foundation Engineering by Braja M. ( Eqn 5.57)
Where
Se = Settlement
α1 = a constant for normally consolidated sand = 0.14
α2 = compressibility index = 1.71/N1.4
α3 = correction for influence depth = 1 (for normally consolidated sand)
BR = Reference width = 0.3
q = net applied pressure
Pa = atmospheric pressure = 100kN/m2
L = Length of footing
B = Width of foundation
N = SPT value
Total settlement for the infrastructural works and foundation shall be limited to a
maximum value of 25 mm as recommended in the Structural Design Criteria (Clause
9.5.3) of the Admin building, learning centre project. Where the allowable bearing
settlements yields settlements higher than the limiting value, the limiting settlement
shall be used as a criteria to determine the safe bearing capacity for spread
foundations.
Naturally, high settlements occur at greater foundation depths. In this context,
settlement shall be checked at 0.5, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, and 2.0 meters for shallow
foundations using the allowable bearing pressures.
The table below shows the settlement computations for the different foundation
sizes at foundation depths of 0.5, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, and 2.0 meters using calculated
allowable pressures.
UNIT 8002
D (m) B(m) L(m) L/B (m) α1 α2 α3 qnet (kNm2) Se
1.00 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 50.54 5.530
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 44.12 5.961
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 42.33 6.168
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 41.44 6.276
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 54.87 7.976
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 48.92 8.779
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 46.94 9.083
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 45.95 9.243
0.5
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 60.72 10.793
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 54.13 11.880
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 51.94 12.292
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 50.84 12.509
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 72.86 17.203
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 64.96 18.935
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 62.33 19.592
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 61.01 19.937

1.00 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 91.88 10.055
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 81.92 11.067
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 78.60 11.451
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 76.94 15.477
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 94.52 13.737
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 84.26 15.120
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 80.85 15.644
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 79.14 19.472
1.0
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 98.98 17.595
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 88.25 19.367
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 84.67 20.038
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 82.88 20.392
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 109.75 25.913
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 97.85 28.521
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 93.88 29.510
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 91.90 30.031
UNIT 8002
1.00 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 110.38 12.079
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 98.41 13.295
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 94.42 13.756
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 92.43 13.998
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 111.40 16.191
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 99.32 17.821
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 95.29 18.439
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 93.28 18.764
1.2
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 115.06 20.453
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 102.58 22.512
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 98.42 23.293
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 96.34 23.704
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 125.02 29.518
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 111.46 32.489
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 106.94 33.616
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 104.68 34.209

1.00 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 139.78 15.296
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 124.62 16.836
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 119.57 17.420
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 117.04 17.727
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 137.83 20.032
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 122.88 22.048
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 117.90 22.813
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 115.40 23.215
1.5
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 140.00 24.887
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 124.82 27.392
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 119.75 28.342
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 117.22 28.842
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 148.47 35.055
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 132.37 38.585
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 127.00 39.922
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 124.32 40.626
UNIT 8002
1.00 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 181.13 19.820
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 161.48 21.816
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 154.94 22.572
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 151.66 22.970
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 176.42 25.641
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 157.28 28.222
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 150.91 29.201
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 147.72 29.716
2.0
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 177.21 31.502
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 157.99 34.674
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 151.59 35.876
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 148.38 36.509
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 184.31 43.517
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 164.32 47.898
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 157.66 49.559
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.11 1.00 154.33 50.433
4.2.2 Safe Bearing Capacities

From the tables above, it can be observed that in some cases, immediate
settlements corresponding to above values of allowable bearing capacity are above
the limits of maximum allowable settlements permitted.
Find below safe bearing pressures with limiting maximum settlement values of
25mm using 24.89mm (highest safe computed settlement value) as a reference
value.
The table below shows computed settlements greater than allowable and the safe
bearing pressures corresponding to the limiting settlements
Computed Computed Safe qnet Safe Se

D (m) B(m) L(m) 2)
qnet (kNm Se (mm) (kNm2) (mm)
3.0 109.75 25.913 105.40 24.886
6.0 97.85 28.521 85.38 24.887
1.0 3.0
9.0 93.88 29.51 79.17 24.887
12.0 91.90 30.031 76.16 24.888

D (m) B(m) L(m)
qnet (kNm2) Se (mm) (kNm )2
(mm)
3.0 125.02 29.518 105.41 24.888
1.2 3.0 6.0 111.46 32.489 85.38 24.887
9.0 106.94 33.616 79.17 24.887
12.0 104.68 34.209 76.16 24.888
UNIT 8002
D (m) B(m) L(m)
(mm)
4.0 124.82 27.392 113.4 24.887
2.0 6.0 119.75 28.34 105.15 24.886
8.0 117.22 28.842 101.15 24.887
1.5 3.0 148.47 35.055 105.4 24.886
6.0 132.37 38.585 85.38 24.887
3.0
9.0 127.00 39.922 79.17 24.887
12.0 124.32 40.626 76.16 24.888

D (m) B(m) L(m)
(mm)
1.5 176.42 25.641 171.23 24.887
3.0 157.28 28.222 138.71 24.889
1.5
4.5 150.91 29.201 128.61 24.886
6.0 147.72 29.716 123.72 24.888
2.0 177.21 31.502 140.00 24.887
4.0 157.99 34.674 113.4 24.887
2.0 2.0
6.0 151.59 35.876 105.16 24.888
8.0 148.38 36.509 101.15 24.887
3.0 184.31 43.517 105.41 24.888
6.0 164.32 47.898 85.38 24.887
3.0
9.0 157.66 49.559 79.17 24.887
12.0 154.33 50.433 76.16 24.888
UNIT 8002
4.3 Pile Foundation
The Design Compressive Pile Resistance, Rc,d, or the ultimate compressive capacity, Qu of
piles is determined by the equation
Rc,d = Qu = Rb,d + Rs,d - EN 1997-1 : Geotechnical Design (Eq 7.6)
Where,
Rb;d = Qb = End bearing resistance of the pile = qb.Ab
Rs;d = Qs = skin frictional resistance of the pile = fs.As
Therefore,
Rc;d =Qu = qb.Ab + fs.As - EN 1997-1 : Geotechnical Design (Eq 7.6)
qb = unit end bearing capacity, kPa
fs = unit skin friction, kPa
Ab = gross base area of pile tip, m2
As = side surface area of pile, m2
(A) End bearing resistance of the pile
The end bearing resistance, Rb;d, of the pile is determined as follows;
In cohesive soil, Rb;d = Qb = Nc *cu * Ab
In non-cohesive soil Rb;d = Qb = Nq* σv’* Ab
Where,
cu = characteristics undrained shear strength of the clay at the pile toe.
Nq = bearing capacity factor
σv’ = vertical effective stress at the pile toe
(B) Shaft resistance of the pile
The shaft resistance, Rs;d, of the pile is determined from the following equation;
Cohesive soil, Rs;d = Qs = α *cu * As
Non-cohesive soil Rs;d = Qs = Ks* σv * tanδ * Ab
Where,
α = Adhesion Factor = C1 (σv’/Cu) 0.45
UNIT 8002
C1 > 0.5 for driven piles
Cu = characteristics undrained shear strength of the clay along the pile shaft
σv = average effective stress on the pile shaft
Ks = lateral load factor
tanδ = mobilised friction at the pile-soil interface
Allowable compressive capacity of piles Qa is given by Ultimate compression capacity, Qu

divided by appropriate factor of safety.
A factor of safety of 2.0 and 3.0 was used for shaft and base resistances of the pile
respectively to get the allowable compressive capacity. A global factor of safety of 2.5 was
also used as a combined check for both shaft and base resistance as can be seen from the
tables below.
Formular Reference
1. General
γd = γ/(1+w) Foundation Analysis and Design,
e = (Gsγw/γd)-1 5th Edition, by Joseph E. Bowles.
γsat = (Gs + e)γw/(1+e) (From Eqn 4.4)
γ' = γsul = γsat - γw
Foundation Analysis and Design,

φ = 0.36N+27º 5th Edition, by Joseph E. Bowles
(Eqn 3-5)
Nq = eπtanφtan2(45+φ/2)
Nγ = (Nq - 1)tan(1.4φ) 5th Edition, by Joseph E. Bowles
(Table 4-1)
Nc = (Nq - 1)Cotφ - it is usually taken as 0.9
The Meyerhof critical depth approach was used to compute shaft resistance for 300mm,
400mm, 600mm and 750mm diameter driven piles as shown below.
UNIT 8002
4.3.1 300 mm Driven Pile Compression Capacity Computation
Soil Depth Thk. γw γ γ=γt w Gs cu γd e γsat γsub
Type m m kN/m 3
Mg/m 3
kN/m 3
% - kN/m 2
kN/m 3
- kN/m 3
kN/m3
Loose Brownish Fine sand 3.00 3.00 9.81 1.623 15.92 24.80 2.67 0.00 12.76 1.05 17.79 7.98
Moderately Dense Grey Sand 8.25 5.25 9.81 1.712 16.79 23.65 2.67 0.00 13.58 0.93 18.31 8.50
Soft To Firm Drak Grey Sandy
9.25 1.00 9.81 1.528 14.99 37.90 2.58 45.00 10.87 1.33 16.47 6.66
Clay
Medium Dense Dark Greyish
12.00 2.75 9.81 1.785 17.51 19.85 2.58 0.00 14.61 0.73 18.76 8.95
Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.785 17.51 19.85 2.58 0.00 14.61 0.73 18.76 8.95
Fine to Medium Sand
< Borehole log - BH 12 >
Soil Depth Thk. N ø Nq Nc Nγ

Type m m - ˚ - - -
Loose Brownish Fine sand 3.00 3.00 7 28.00 14.72 9.00 11.19
Moderately Dense Grey Sand 8.25 5.25 10 29.75 17.89 9.00 15.02
9.25 1.00 3 3.00 1.31 5.90 0.02
Clay
12.00 2.75 20 33.00 26.09 9.00 26.17
Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 28 35.00 33.30 9.00 37.15
Fine to Medium Sand
< Borehole log - BH 12 >
Soil Depth Thk. Dia. Ab As

Type m m m m2 m2
Loose Brownish Fine sand 3.00 3.00 0.300 0.07 2.83
Moderately Dense Grey Sand 8.25 5.25 0.300 0.07 4.95
9.25 1.00 0.300 0.07 0.94
Clay
12.00 2.75 0.300 0.07 2.59
Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 0.300 0.07 2.83
Fine to Medium Sand
< Pile Data >
γ sub =
Soil Depth Thk. α ca K δ tanδ Df q'=γ sub D f ∑q'
γ sat -γ w
Type
kN/m2 kN/m2 kN/m2
3
m m - - ˚ - m kN/m
Loose Brownish Fine sand 3 3 0.00 0.00 0.53 21.00 0.38 3.00 7.98 23.94 23.94
Moderately Dense Grey Sand 8.25 5.25 0.00 0.00 0.50 22.31 0.41 5.25 8.50 44.60 68.54
9.25 1.00 0.76 34.02 0.95 2.25 0.04 1.00 6.66 6.66 75.20
Clay
12 2.75 0.00 0.00 0.46 24.75 0.46 2.75 8.95 24.61 99.80
Fine to Medium Sand
15 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 26.25 0.49 3.00 8.95 26.84 126.64
Fine to Medium Sand
UNIT 8002
Soil Depth Thk. ƒs Qs ΣQs qb Qb Qu
Type 2 2
m m kN/m kN kN kN/m kN kN
Loose Brownish Fine sand 3.00 3.00 4.88 13.78 13.78 352.37 24.91 38.69
Moderately Dense Grey Sand 8.25 5.25 14.17 70.11 83.90 1226.02 86.66 170.56
9.25 1.00 36.82 34.70 118.60 98.45 6.96 125.56
Clay
12.00 2.75 20.95 54.30 172.90 2604.04 184.07 356.97
Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 26.63 75.30 248.20 4216.78 298.07 546.27
Fine to Medium Sand
Application of partial safety factors for piled foundation
Depth Qs Qb SFs SFb Qa

m kN kN kN
3.00 13.78 24.91 3.00 2.00 17.05
8.25 83.90 86.66 3.00 2.00 71.30
9.25 118.60 6.96 3.00 2.00 43.01
12.00 172.90 184.07 3.00 2.00 149.67
15.00 248.20 298.07 3.00 2.00 231.77
Depth Combined Check Qa

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
3.00 38.69 2.5 15.48
8.25 170.56 2.5 68.22
9.25 125.56 2.5 50.22
12.00 356.97 2.5 142.79
15.00 546.27 2.5 218.51
UNIT 8002
300mm Driven Pile Tension Capacity Computation
Tu = P si,u +W p (Foundation analysis and design 5th Ed by Joseph E.

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)
where Tu = ultimate pullout capacity
p si,u = skin resistance developing with tip capacity Pp
Wp = effective weight of the pile
Ta = T u /SF (Safety Factor ranges from 2.0 - 4.0)

(Foundation analysis and design 5th Ed by Joseph E. Bowles, From 16 - 7)
BH 12
Soil Depth Thk. psi,u Σpsi,u γcon'c Wc Wp Tu SF Ta

Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN kN
Loose Brownish Fine sand 3.00 3.00 13.78 13.78 25 5.30 5.30 19.09 4.00 4.77
Moderately Dense Grey Sand 8.25 5.25 70.11 83.90 25 14.58 19.88 103.78 4.00 25.94
9.25 1.00 34.70 118.60 25 16.35 36.23 154.82 4.00 38.71
Clay
12.00 2.75 54.30 172.90 25 21.21 57.43 230.33 4.00 57.58
Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 75.30 248.20 25 26.51 83.94 332.14 4.00 83.03
Fine to Medium Sand
UNIT 8002
300 mm Driven Pile Lateral Capacity Computation
Laterally Loaded Piles
Pile Design and Construction
Ultimate Lateral Load on Fixed-Headed pile Practice 4th Edition, by MJ
Tomlinson
Hu = 2M u / (e+z f ) = 304.68 kN (from Equation 6.24)
Ha = 101.56 kN
where M u = ultimate Moment
= σmaxZ = 633.87 kNm
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0026507 m3
Ultimate Lateral Load on Free-Headed pile

Hu = M u / (e+z f ) = 152.34 kN (from Equation 6.23)
Ha = 50.78 kN
where Mu = ultimate Moment
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0026507 m3
e = exposed pile length = 1 m

z f = Depth to point of fixity
= 1.8T = 3.1609 m (from Equation 6.34)
T = (EI / n h ) 0.2 = 2 m (from Equation 6.9)
E = 21000000 kN/m 2
4
I = π(D ) / 64 = 0.0003976 m4
nh = 500 kN/m 3 (from page 224)
Deflection at Head of Fixed-Headed pile

y = H u (e+z f ) 3 / 12EI (from Equation 6.38)
where E = Elastic Modulus of the material forming the pile shaft
I = moment of inertia of cross section of pile shaft
Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 34.772 kN
Ha = 11.591 kN < 101.558904 kN
Design Lateral Load H u = 11.59 kN
Deflection at Head of Free-Headed pile

Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 8.693 kN

Ha = 2.8977 kN < 50.78 kN
UNIT 8002
300 mm Driven Pile Settlement Computation
Settlement of Piles Foundation Analysis
H p = H a + H pt & Design- 5th Edition
by Joseph E. Bowles
(from Equation 11.72)
where Hp = total pile settlement

Ha = elastic settlement of pile
H pt = Point Settlement taking Shaft into Consideration
Ha = (Q wp + Q ws )L / A p E p (from section 16-10)
where Q wp = load carried at the pile point under working load condition
Q ws = load carried by frictional (skin) resistance under working load condition
Ap = area of pile cross section
L = length of pile
Ep = modulus of elasticity of the pile material
2
H pt = [qD(1- μ )/ E s ]I F F 1 (from Equation 5-16a)
where q = ultimate point resistance of the pile

μ = Poisons ration = 0.35
D = cross sectional diameter of pile
Es = modulus of elasticity of the soil at pile tip
IF = Fox embedment factor; 0.55 if L/D<5, 0.5 if L/D > 5
F1 = Reduction Factor
Soil Depth Thk. IF Ep Ha Es F1 Hpt Hp

Type 2
m m - kN/m m m mm
Loose Brownish Fine sand 3.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0000 11000.00 0.75 0.000 0.14
Moderately Dense Grey Sand 8.25 5.25 0.50 21000000 0.0004 12500.00 0.75 0.000 0.86
9.25 1.00 0.50 21000000 0.0007 9000.00 0.75 0.000 1.22
Clay
12.00 2.75 0.50 21000000 0.0019 17500.00 0.75 0.001 2.89
Fine to Medium Sand

15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0041 21500.00 0.75 0.002 5.78
Fine to Medium Sand
UNIT 8002
Type m m kN/m
3
Mg/m
3
kN/m
3
% - kN/m
2
kN/m
3
- kN/m
3
kN/m
3
9.25 1.00 9.81 1.528 14.99 37.90 2.58 45.00 10.87 1.33 16.47 6.66
Clay
12.00 2.75 9.81 1.785 17.51 19.85 2.58 0.00 14.61 0.73 18.76 8.95
Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.785 17.51 19.85 2.58 0.00 14.61 0.73 18.76 8.95

Type m m - ˚ - - -
9.25 1.00 3 3.00 1.31 5.90 0.02
Clay
12.00 2.75 20 33.00 26.09 9.00 26.17

Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 28 35.00 33.30 9.00 37.15

Type m m m m 2
m2
9.25 1.00 0.400 0.13 1.26
Clay
12.00 2.75 0.400 0.13 3.46

Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 0.400 0.13 3.77
γ sub =
Soil Depth Thk. α ca K δ tanδ Df q'=γ sub D f ∑q'
γ sat -γ w
Type
m m - kN/m
2
- ˚ - m kN/m3 kN/m
2
kN/m
2
9.25 1.00 0.76 34.02 0.95 2.25 0.04 1.00 6.66 6.66 75.20
Clay
Medium Dense Dark Greyish 12 2.75 0.00 0.00 0.46 24.75 0.46 2.75 8.95 24.61 99.80
Fine to Medium Sand
15 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 26.25 0.49 3.00 8.95 26.84 126.64
UNIT 8002
Type 2 2
9.25 1.00 36.82 46.27 158.13 98.45 12.37 170.50
Clay
Medium Dense Dark Greyish 12.00 2.75 20.95 72.40 230.53 2604.04 327.23 557.77
Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 26.63 100.40 330.93 4216.78 529.90 860.83

m kN kN kN
3.00 18.38 44.28 3.00 2.00 28.27
8.25 111.86 154.07 3.00 2.00 114.32
9.25 158.13 12.37 3.00 2.00 58.90
12.00 230.53 327.23 3.00 2.00 240.46
15.00 330.93 529.90 3.00 2.00 375.26

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
3.00 62.66 2.5 25.06
8.25 265.93 2.5 106.37
9.25 170.50 2.5 68.20
12.00 557.77 2.5 223.11
15.00 860.83 2.5 344.33

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)

BH 12

Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN - kN
9.25 1.00 46.27 158.13 25 29.06 64.40 222.53 4.00 55.63
Clay
Medium Dense Dark Greyish 12.00 2.75 72.40 230.53 25 37.70 102.10 332.63 4.00 83.16
Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 100.40 330.93 25 47.12 149.23 480.16 4.00 120.04
UNIT 8002
Ultimate Lateral Load on Fixed-Headed pile Practice 4th Edition
by MJ Tomlinson
Ha = 201.18 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
Z = π(D 4 ) / 32D = 0.0062832 m3

Ha = 100.59 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0062832 m3

= 1.8T = 3.9789 m (from Equation 6.34)
E = 21000000 kN/m 2
4
I = π(D ) / 64 = 0.0012566 m4

Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 64.143 kN
Ha = 21.381 kN < 201.181949 kN

Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 16.036 kN

Ha = 5.3452 kN < 100.59 kN
UNIT 8002

& Design- 5th Edition
HP = H a + H Pt by Joseph E. Bowles
(from Equation 11.72)
L = length of pile
H pt = [qD(1- μ2 )/ E s ]I F F 1 (from Equation 5-16a)


Type m m - kN/m2 m m mm
Soft To Firm Drak Grey
9.25 1.00 0.50 21000000 0.0006 9000.00 0.75 0.001 1.77
Sandy Clay
Medium Dense Dark 12.00 2.75 0.50 21000000 0.0016 17500.00 0.75 0.002 4.01
Greyish Fine to Medium
Sand 15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0036 21500.00 0.75 0.004 7.59
UNIT 8002
Type m m kN/m
3
Mg/m
3
kN/m
3
% - kN/m
2
kN/m
3
- kN/m
3
kN/m
3
9.25 1.00 9.81 1.528 14.99 37.90 2.58 45.00 10.87 1.33 16.47 6.66
Clay
12.00 2.75 9.81 1.785 17.51 19.85 2.58 0.00 14.61 0.73 18.76 8.95
Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.785 17.51 19.85 2.58 0.00 14.61 0.73 18.76 8.95

Type m m - ˚ - - -
9.25 1.00 3 3.00 1.31 5.90 0.02
Clay
12.00 2.75 20 33.00 26.09 9.00 26.17

Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 28 35.00 33.30 9.00 37.15

Type m m m m 2
m2
9.25 1.00 0.600 0.28 1.88
Clay
12.00 2.75 0.600 0.28 5.18

Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 0.600 0.28 5.65
Soil Depth Thk. α ca K δ tanδ Df γ sub q'=γ sub D f ∑q'

Type m m - kN/m
2
- ˚ - m kN/m3 kN/m
2
kN/m
2
9.25 1.00 0.76 34.02 0.95 2.25 0.04 1.00 6.66 6.66 75.20
Clay
Fine to Medium Sand
15 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 26.25 0.49 3.00 8.95 26.84 126.64
UNIT 8002
Type 2 2
9.25 1.00 36.82 69.40 237.20 98.45 27.84 265.03
Clay
Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 26.63 150.60 496.40 4216.78 1192.27 1688.67

m kN kN kN
3.00 27.57 99.63 3.00 2.00 59.01
8.25 167.80 346.65 3.00 2.00 229.26
9.25 237.20 27.84 3.00 2.00 92.98
12.00 345.80 736.27 3.00 2.00 483.40
15.00 496.40 1192.27 3.00 2.00 761.60

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
3.00 127.20 2.5 50.88
8.25 514.45 2.5 205.78
9.25 265.03 2.5 106.01
12.00 1082.07 2.5 432.83
15.00 1688.67 2.5 675.47

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)


Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN kN
9.25 1.00 69.40 237.20 25 65.38 144.91 382.10 4.00 95.53
Clay
Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 150.60 496.40 25 106.03 335.76 832.16 4.00 208.04
UNIT 8002
by MJ Tomlinson
Ha = 519.82 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0212058 m3

Ha = 259.91 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0212058 m3

= 1.8T = 5.5035 m (from Equation 6.34)
0.2
T = (EI / n h ) = 3 m (from Equation 6.9)
E = 21000000 kN/m 2
I = π(D 4 ) / 64 = 0.0063617 m4

3
Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) = 145.71 kN
Ha = 48.569 kN < 519.81819 kN

Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 36.427 kN

Ha = 12.142 kN < 259.91 kN
UNIT 8002

by Joseph E. Bowles
HP = H a + H Pt (from Equation 11.72)

L = length of pile


9.25 1.00 0.50 21000000 0.0005 9000.00 0.75 0.004 4.41
Sandy Clay
Sand 15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0031 21500.00 0.75 0.014 16.62
UNIT 8002
Type m m kN/m
3
Mg/m
3
kN/m
3
% - kN/m
2
kN/m
3
- kN/m
3
kN/m
3
9.25 1.00 9.81 1.528 14.99 37.90 2.58 45.00 10.87 1.33 16.47 6.66
Clay
12.00 2.75 9.81 1.785 17.51 19.85 2.58 0.00 14.61 0.73 18.76 8.95
Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.785 17.51 19.85 2.58 0.00 14.61 0.73 18.76 8.95

Type m m - ˚ - - -
9.25 1.00 3 3.00 1.31 5.90 0.02
Clay
12.00 2.75 20 33.00 26.09 9.00 26.17

Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 28 35.00 33.30 9.00 37.15

Type m m m m 2
m2
9.25 1.00 0.750 0.44 2.36
Clay
12.00 2.75 0.750 0.44 6.48

Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 0.750 0.44 7.07

Type m m - kN/m
2
- ˚ - m kN/m 3
kN/m
2
kN/m
2
9.25 1.00 0.76 34.02 0.95 2.25 0.04 1.00 6.66 6.66 75.20
Clay
Fine to Medium Sand
15 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 26.25 0.49 3.00 8.95 26.84 126.64
UNIT 8002
Type 2 2
9.25 1.00 36.82 86.75 296.50 98.45 43.49 339.99
Clay
Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 26.63 188.25 620.50 4216.78 1862.92 2483.42

m kN kN kN
3.00 34.46 155.67 3.00 2.00 89.32
8.25 209.75 541.64 3.00 2.00 340.73
9.25 296.50 43.49 3.00 2.00 120.58
12.00 432.25 1150.43 3.00 2.00 719.30
15.00 620.50 1862.92 3.00 2.00 1138.29

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
3.00 190.13 2.5 76.05
8.25 751.38 2.5 300.55
9.25 339.99 2.5 136.00
12.00 1582.68 2.5 633.07
15.00 2483.42 2.5 993.37

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)


Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN kN
9.25 1.00 86.75 296.50 25 102.16 226.42 522.91 4.00 130.73
Clay
Fine to Medium Sand
15.00 3.00 188.25 620.50 25 165.67 524.62 1145.12 4.00 286.28
UNIT 8002
by MJ Tomlinson
Ha = 871.19 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0414175 m3

Ha = 435.59 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
Z = π(D 4 ) / 32D = 0.0414175 m3

= 1.8T = 6.5791 m (from Equation 6.34)
0.2
2
E = 21000000 kN/m
I = π(D 4 ) / 64 = 0.0155316 m4

Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 224.75 kN
Ha = 74.918 kN < 871.185475 kN

Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 56.188 kN

Ha = 18.729 kN < 435.59 kN
UNIT 8002

By Joseph E. Bowles

L = length of pile


9.25 1.00 0.50 21000000 0.0004 9000.00 0.75 0.008 8.12
Sandy Clay
Sand 15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0029 21500.00 0.75 0.026 29.35
UNIT 8002
5.0 NEW ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDING EXTENSION AREA
5.1 Site Description and Soil Properties
5.1.1 Site Description & Geology
The site area is situated within the Niger Delta of Nigeria. The subsurface conditions
at the site were explored in order to determine the geotechnical properties for the
upgrade of infrastructural facilities in IA (Industrial Area) Admin Extension, Bonny
Island.
The proposed site location is bridged with predominately a sand filled salt marsh, tidal
flat. The investigated area is located in the Niger Delta
A total of 3 boreholes was drilled and soil penetration test at every 1.0 m from
existing ground level up to a depth of 15 m
5.1.2 Soil Stratigraphy

Table 5.1: Borehole 1 Stratigraphy
Layer
S/No. Description
Thickness (m)
1 GL - 0.75 TOPSOIL, dark brownish grey, clayey
2 0.75 - 3.0 CLAY, Sandy, firm, dark brown, Lateritic
3 3.0 - 7.0 CLAY, Silty, firm, greyish brown
4 7.0 - 12.0 CLAY, Silty, firm to stiff, grey, yellowish dusty, mottled
Layer
S/No. Description
Thickness (m)
Layer
S/No. Description
Thickness (m)
UNIT 8002
For general site vicinity map and detailed properties of soil layers, refer to Appendix A and B
(Borehole Log) respectively of Soil Investigation Report (IA Administrative Building
Extension) - Ref: 11C0-8467100
5.1.3 Soil Properties

From the investigations, four horizons were uncovered. A loose brownish fine sand
with layer thickness range of 0.4 – 2.7 m from ground level. These are underlain by
medium grayish, medium dense, dense sand 3.3- 3.6 m thick layer in borehole 1 and
2 with exception of borehole 3.
Following this layer is a medium dense dark grayish fine to medium sand to
termination of boreholes which is overlain by loose fine grayish non – plastic sandy
silt in boreholes 2 and 3. The boreholes in 1 and 2 with exception of borehole 3 met a
strip of sand – cement stabilization with gravel overlay.
Estimation of the bearing capacity calculation for boreholes was done using soil
properties from BH 1, 2 and 3. Values used are shown in Tables below
Table 5.4: Average Soil property parameters for BH 1
LAYER THICKNESS
PROPERTIES
GL - 3.7M 3.7 – 15.0M
Moisture content (%) 17.96 27.26
Bulk Unit Weight (KN/m3) 17.63 16.90
Liquid Limit (%) 19.75 26.15
Plastic Limit (%) - -
Undrained cohesion (kPa) - -
Angle of Internal Friction (º) 34.50 32
SPT N (Blows) 26 17
UNIT 8002
LAYER THICKNESS
PROPERTIES
GL – 4.0M 4.0 – 4.7M 4.7 – 15M
Moisture content (%) 18.40 20.2 26.40
Bulk Unit Weight (KN/m3) 17.45 16.40 17.03
Liquid Limit (%) - - -
Plastic Limit (%) - - -
Undrained cohesion (kPa) - - -
Angle of Internal Friction (º) 34.0 28 31.20

SPT N (Blows) 23 7 14
LAYER THICKNESS
PROPERTIES
GL – 2.7M 2.7 – 4.6M 4.6 – 15M
Moisture content (%) 30.9 48.1 24.7
Bulk Unit Weight (KN/m3) 16.55 15.39 16.85
Liquid Limit (%) - - -
Plastic Limit (%) - - -
Undrained cohesion (kPa) - - -
Angle of Internal Friction (º) 29 28 31.80

SPT N (Blows) 9 7 16
5.1.4 Ground Water Level

Field measurements in the borehole indicated that the groundwater levels was at
grade level at the time of investigation. Function of water level is eminent in the area
as dictated by tidal movements of transgression and regression regimes typical of
Niger Delta Environment.
However, this situation was considered in the calculation of bearing capacity for
shallow foundations by using the effective unit weight of soil to get the soil bearing
capacity parameters.
UNIT 8002
5.1.5 Borehole Logs
Borehole 1
UNIT 8002
Borehole 2
UNIT 8002
Borehole 3
UNIT 8002
The design calculations for shallow foundation were carried out based on the information
given in the geotechnical report and in accordance with the procedures given in the
reference codes and standards. Spreadsheets were utilized for the calculations. The bearing
capacity for shallow foundation was computed using Meyerhof method. A factor of safety of
2.0 was used to obtain the safe bearing pressures. For symbols, annotations and
abbreviations, refer to section 2.0
The results are tabulated below showing capacities at depths of 0.5m, 1.0m, 1.2m, 1.5m,
and 2.0m below ground level for typical foundation length and width dimensions.
Admin Building Extension (Borehole 1)

Meyerhof’s Method (Foundation Analysis and Design 5th Edition by Joseph E.
Bowles - Table 4-1, Pg 220)
Meyerhof's Formula
But c = 0
where
s γ, s q = 1 + 0.1kp (B/L)
2
Kp = tan (45+Φ/2) = 4.20
1/2
dγ, dq = 1+ 0.1kp *(Df /B)
UNIT 8002
Meyerhof
Φ
Nc Nq Nγ
0 5.14 1 0
5 6.49 1.6 0.1
10 8.34 2.5 0.4
15 10.97 3.9 1.1
20 11.83 6.4 2.9
25 20.71 10.7 6.8
26 22.25 11.8 8
28 25.79 14.7 11.2
30 30.13 18.4 15.7
32 35.47 23.2 22
34 42.14 29.4 31.1
36 50.55 37.7 44.4
38 61.31 48.9 64
40 75.25 64.1 93.6
45 133.73 134.7 262.3
50 266.5 318.5 871.7

3
3
3
γ' (kN/m3) = effective unit weight = 7.82 kN/m tan2(45+Φ/2)
φ = angle of internal friction = 38 ⁰ = 64
Nq = 48.9 Nγ = 64
Note:
The effective unit weight of soil (γ') rather than bulk unit weight (γ) has been used for computations
due to the high water table reported for Bore hole 1, 2 & 3. The effect of this is a significant reduction
of the soil bearing capacities in line with recommendations of the subsoil investigation report.
UNIT 8002
2
Df (m) B L B' (m) L' (m) L'/B' B'/L' γ' (kN/m3) q' =γ'*Df sγ sq dq dy 0.5 *γ'*B'*sγ*Ny*dy q' *sq*dq*Nq, qult (kN/m2) qa = qult/2 (kN/m )
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 7.82 3.91 1.420 1.420 1.103 1.205 214.155 299.415 513.57 256.78
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 7.82 3.91 1.210 1.210 1.103 1.103 166.941 255.107 422.05 211.02
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 7.82 3.91 1.140 1.140 1.103 1.103 157.276 240.338 397.61 198.81
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 3.91 1.105 1.105 1.103 1.103 152.444 232.954 385.40 192.70
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 7.82 3.91 1.420 1.420 1.068 1.068 284.795 290.135 574.93 287.46
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 7.82 3.91 1.210 1.210 1.068 1.068 242.651 247.200 489.85 244.93
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 7.82 3.91 1.140 1.140 1.068 1.068 228.603 232.889 461.49 230.75
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 3.91 1.105 1.105 1.068 1.068 221.579 225.733 447.31 223.66
0.5
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.82 3.91 1.420 1.420 1.051 1.051 373.653 285.494 659.15 329.57
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 7.82 3.91 1.210 1.210 1.051 1.051 318.360 243.247 561.61 280.80
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 7.82 3.91 1.140 1.140 1.051 1.051 299.929 229.164 529.09 264.55
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 3.91 1.105 1.105 1.051 1.051 290.713 222.123 512.84 256.42
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 7.82 3.91 1.420 1.420 1.034 1.034 551.371 280.854 832.22 416.11
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.82 3.91 1.210 1.210 1.034 1.034 469.779 239.293 709.07 354.54
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 7.82 3.91 1.140 1.140 1.034 1.034 442.581 225.440 668.02 334.01
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 3.91 1.105 1.105 1.034 1.034 428.983 218.513 647.50 323.75
2
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 7.82 7.82 1.420 1.420 1.205 1.205 214.155 654.510 868.67 434.33
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 7.82 7.82 1.210 1.210 1.205 1.205 182.464 557.656 740.12 370.06
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 7.82 7.82 1.140 1.140 1.205 1.205 171.901 525.371 697.27 348.64
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 7.82 1.105 1.105 1.205 1.205 166.619 509.228 675.85 337.92
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 7.82 7.82 1.420 1.420 1.137 1.137 303.013 617.390 920.40 460.20
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 7.82 7.82 1.210 1.210 1.137 1.137 258.173 526.028 784.20 392.10
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 7.82 7.82 1.140 1.140 1.137 1.137 243.227 495.574 738.80 369.40
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 7.82 1.105 1.105 1.137 1.137 235.753 480.348 716.10 358.05
1.0
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.82 7.82 1.420 1.420 1.103 1.103 391.872 598.829 990.70 495.35
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 7.82 7.82 1.210 1.210 1.103 1.103 333.883 510.214 844.10 422.05
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 7.82 7.82 1.140 1.140 1.103 1.103 314.553 480.676 795.23 397.61
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 7.82 1.105 1.105 1.103 1.103 304.888 465.907 770.80 385.40
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 7.82 7.82 1.420 1.420 1.068 1.068 569.589 580.269 1149.86 574.93
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.82 7.82 1.210 1.210 1.068 1.068 485.301 494.401 979.70 489.85
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 7.82 7.82 1.140 1.140 1.068 1.068 457.205 465.778 922.98 461.49
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 7.82 1.105 1.105 1.068 1.068 443.157 451.467 894.62 447.31
UNIT 8002
2
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 7.82 9.384 1.420 1.420 1.246 1.246 221.442 812.139 1033.58 516.79
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 7.82 9.384 1.210 1.210 1.246 1.246 188.673 691.959 880.63 440.32
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 7.82 9.384 1.140 1.140 1.246 1.246 177.750 651.899 829.65 414.82
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 9.384 1.105 1.105 1.246 1.246 172.289 631.868 804.16 402.08
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 7.82 9.384 1.420 1.420 1.164 1.164 310.301 758.686 1068.99 534.49
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 7.82 9.384 1.210 1.210 1.164 1.164 264.382 646.415 910.80 455.40
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 7.82 9.384 1.140 1.140 1.164 1.164 249.076 608.992 858.07 429.03
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 9.384 1.105 1.105 1.164 1.164 241.423 590.280 831.70 415.85
1.2
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.82 9.384 1.420 1.420 1.123 1.123 399.159 731.959 1131.12 565.56
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 7.82 9.384 1.210 1.210 1.123 1.123 340.092 623.643 963.74 481.87
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 7.82 9.384 1.140 1.140 1.123 1.123 320.403 587.538 907.94 453.97
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 9.384 1.105 1.105 1.123 1.123 310.558 569.486 880.04 440.02
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 7.82 9.384 1.420 1.420 1.082 1.082 576.877 705.232 1282.11 641.05
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.82 9.384 1.210 1.210 1.082 1.082 491.510 600.871 1092.38 546.19
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 7.82 9.384 1.140 1.140 1.082 1.082 463.055 566.085 1029.14 514.57
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 9.384 1.105 1.105 1.082 1.082 448.827 548.691 997.52 498.76
Df (m) B L B' (m) L' (m) L'/B' B'/L' γ' (kN/m3) q' =γ'*Df sγ sq dq dy 0.5 *γ'*B'*sγ*Ny*dy q' *sq*dq*Nq, qult (kN/m2)
2
qa = qult/2 (kN/m )
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 7.82 11.73 1.420 1.420 1.308 1.308 232.373 1065.287 1297.66 648.83
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 7.82 11.73 1.210 1.210 1.308 1.308 197.987 907.646 1105.63 552.82
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 7.82 11.73 1.140 1.140 1.308 1.308 186.525 855.098 1041.62 520.81
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 11.73 1.105 1.105 1.308 1.308 180.793 828.825 1009.62 504.81
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 7.82 11.73 1.420 1.420 1.205 1.205 321.232 981.765 1303.00 651.50
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 7.82 11.73 1.210 1.210 1.205 1.205 273.696 836.484 1110.18 555.09
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 7.82 11.73 1.140 1.140 1.205 1.205 257.851 788.056 1045.91 522.95
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 11.73 1.105 1.105 1.205 1.205 249.928 763.843 1013.77 506.89
1.5
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.82 11.73 1.420 1.420 1.154 1.154 410.091 940.005 1350.10 675.05
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 7.82 11.73 1.210 1.210 1.154 1.154 349.405 800.903 1150.31 575.15
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 7.82 11.73 1.140 1.140 1.154 1.154 329.177 754.535 1083.71 541.86
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 11.73 1.105 1.105 1.154 1.154 319.063 731.352 1050.41 525.21
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 7.82 11.73 1.420 1.420 1.103 1.103 587.808 898.244 1486.05 743.03
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.82 11.73 1.210 1.210 1.103 1.103 500.824 765.322 1266.15 633.07
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 7.82 11.73 1.140 1.140 1.103 1.103 471.829 721.014 1192.84 596.42
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 11.73 1.105 1.105 1.103 1.103 457.332 698.861 1156.19 578.10
UNIT 8002
2
qa = qult/2 (kN/m )
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 7.82 15.64 1.420 1.420 1.308 1.308 232.373 1420.383 1652.76 826.38
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 7.82 15.64 1.210 1.210 1.308 1.308 197.987 1210.194 1408.18 704.09
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 7.82 15.64 1.140 1.140 1.308 1.308 186.525 1140.131 1326.66 663.33
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 15.64 1.105 1.105 1.308 1.308 180.793 1105.100 1285.89 642.95
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 7.82 15.64 1.420 1.420 1.205 1.205 321.232 1309.021 1630.25 815.13
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 7.82 15.64 1.210 1.210 1.205 1.205 273.696 1115.312 1389.01 694.50
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 7.82 15.64 1.140 1.140 1.205 1.205 257.851 1050.742 1308.59 654.30
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 15.64 1.105 1.105 1.205 1.205 249.928 1018.457 1268.39 634.19
2.0
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.82 15.64 1.420 1.420 1.154 1.154 410.091 1253.340 1663.43 831.72
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 7.82 15.64 1.210 1.210 1.154 1.154 349.405 1067.870 1417.28 708.64
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 7.82 15.64 1.140 1.140 1.154 1.154 329.177 1006.047 1335.22 667.61
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 15.64 1.105 1.105 1.154 1.154 319.063 975.136 1294.20 647.10
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 7.82 15.64 1.420 1.420 1.103 1.103 587.808 1197.659 1785.47 892.73
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.82 15.64 1.210 1.210 1.103 1.103 500.824 1020.429 1521.25 760.63
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 7.82 15.64 1.140 1.140 1.103 1.103 471.829 961.352 1433.18 716.59
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 7.82 15.64 1.105 1.105 1.103 1.103 457.332 931.814 1389.15 694.57
UNIT 8002
IA (Industrial Area) Admin Building Extension (Borehole 2)

Meyerhof's Formula
But c = 0
where,
sγ, sq = 1 + 0.1kp (B'/L)
2
Kp = tan (45+Φ/2) = 3.85
1/2
dγ , dq = 1+ 0.1kp *(Df /B)
Meyerhof
Φ
Nc Nq Nγ
0 5.14 1 0
5 6.49 1.6 0.1
10 8.34 2.5 0.4
15 10.97 3.9 1.1
20 11.83 6.4 2.9
25 20.71 10.7 6.8
26 22.25 11.8 8
28 25.79 14.7 11.2
30 30.13 18.4 15.7
32 35.47 23.2 22
34 42.14 29.4 31.1
36 50.55 37.7 44.4
38 61.31 48.9 64
40 75.25 64.1 93.6
45 133.73 134.7 262.3
50 266.5 318.5 871.7

3
3
3
φ = angle of internal friction = 36 ⁰ = 63
Nq = 37.7 Nγ = 44.4
IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE

PROJECT
LOCATION: BONNY ISLAND,

PLANT: LNG COMPLEX PROJECT NO: 11/PDR/142
NIGERIA
PAGE 54 OF 122
NIGERIA LNG LTD
UNIT 8002 Rev A
2
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 7.64 3.82 1.385 1.385 1.098 1.196 140.524 219.062 359.59 179.79
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 7.64 3.82 1.193 1.193 1.098 1.098 111.061 188.604 299.67 149.83
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 7.64 3.82 1.128 1.128 1.098 1.098 105.083 178.451 283.53 141.77
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 3.82 1.096 1.096 1.098 1.098 102.094 173.375 275.47 137.73
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 7.64 3.82 1.385 1.385 1.065 1.065 187.731 212.536 400.27 200.13
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 7.64 3.82 1.193 1.193 1.065 1.065 161.629 182.986 344.62 172.31
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 7.64 3.82 1.128 1.128 1.065 1.065 152.929 173.136 326.06 163.03
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 3.82 1.096 1.096 1.065 1.065 148.579 168.211 316.79 158.39
0.5
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.64 3.82 1.385 1.385 1.049 1.049 246.466 209.274 455.74 227.87
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 7.64 3.82 1.193 1.193 1.049 1.049 212.198 180.177 392.37 196.19
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 7.64 3.82 1.128 1.128 1.049 1.049 200.775 170.478 371.25 185.63
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 3.82 1.096 1.096 1.049 1.049 195.064 165.628 360.69 180.35
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 7.64 3.82 1.385 1.385 1.033 1.033 363.935 206.011 569.95 284.97
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.64 3.82 1.193 1.193 1.033 1.033 313.334 177.368 490.70 245.35
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 7.64 3.82 1.128 1.128 1.033 1.033 296.467 167.820 464.29 232.14
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 3.82 1.096 1.096 1.033 1.033 288.034 163.046 451.08 225.54
2
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 7.64 7.64 1.385 1.385 1.196 1.196 140.524 477.274 617.80 308.90
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 7.64 7.64 1.193 1.193 1.196 1.196 120.986 410.916 531.90 265.95
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 7.64 7.64 1.128 1.128 1.196 1.196 114.473 388.796 503.27 251.63
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 7.64 1.096 1.096 1.196 1.196 111.217 377.736 488.95 244.48
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 7.64 7.64 1.385 1.385 1.131 1.131 199.258 451.174 650.43 325.22
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 7.64 7.64 1.193 1.193 1.131 1.131 171.554 388.444 560.00 280.00
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 7.64 7.64 1.128 1.128 1.131 1.131 162.319 367.534 529.85 264.93
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 7.64 1.096 1.096 1.131 1.131 157.702 357.079 514.78 257.39
1.0
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.64 7.64 1.385 1.385 1.098 1.098 257.993 438.123 696.12 348.06
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 7.64 7.64 1.193 1.193 1.098 1.098 222.122 377.208 599.33 299.67
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 7.64 7.64 1.128 1.128 1.098 1.098 210.165 356.903 567.07 283.53
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 7.64 1.096 1.096 1.098 1.098 204.187 346.750 550.94 275.47
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 7.64 7.64 1.385 1.385 1.065 1.065 375.462 425.073 800.53 400.27
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.64 7.64 1.193 1.193 1.065 1.065 323.259 365.972 689.23 344.62
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 7.64 7.64 1.128 1.128 1.065 1.065 305.858 346.271 652.13 326.06
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 7.64 1.096 1.096 1.065 1.065 297.157 336.421 633.58 316.79
UNIT 8002
2
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 7.64 9.168 1.385 1.385 1.236 1.236 145.135 591.522 736.66 368.33
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 7.64 9.168 1.193 1.193 1.236 1.236 124.956 509.278 634.23 317.12
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 7.64 9.168 1.128 1.128 1.236 1.236 118.229 481.864 600.09 300.05
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 9.168 1.096 1.096 1.236 1.236 114.866 468.157 583.02 291.51
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 7.64 9.168 1.385 1.385 1.157 1.157 203.869 553.937 757.81 378.90
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 7.64 9.168 1.193 1.193 1.157 1.157 175.524 476.919 652.44 326.22
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 7.64 9.168 1.128 1.128 1.157 1.157 166.075 451.246 617.32 308.66
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 9.168 1.096 1.096 1.157 1.157 161.351 438.410 599.76 299.88
1.2
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.64 9.168 1.385 1.385 1.118 1.118 262.604 535.144 797.75 398.87
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 7.64 9.168 1.193 1.193 1.118 1.118 226.092 460.739 686.83 343.42
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 7.64 9.168 1.128 1.128 1.118 1.118 213.922 435.938 649.86 324.93
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 9.168 1.096 1.096 1.118 1.118 207.836 423.537 631.37 315.69
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 7.64 9.168 1.385 1.385 1.079 1.079 380.073 516.351 896.42 448.21
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.64 9.168 1.193 1.193 1.079 1.079 327.229 444.559 771.79 385.89
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 7.64 9.168 1.128 1.128 1.079 1.079 309.614 420.629 730.24 365.12
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 9.168 1.096 1.096 1.079 1.079 300.807 408.663 709.47 354.73
2
qa = qult/2 (kN/m )
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 7.64 11.46 1.385 1.385 1.294 1.294 152.051 774.639 926.69 463.34
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 7.64 11.46 1.193 1.193 1.294 1.294 130.910 666.935 797.85 398.92
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 7.64 11.46 1.128 1.128 1.294 1.294 123.863 631.034 754.90 377.45
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 11.46 1.096 1.096 1.294 1.294 120.340 613.083 733.42 366.71
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 7.64 11.46 1.385 1.385 1.196 1.196 210.786 715.912 926.70 463.35
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 7.64 11.46 1.193 1.193 1.196 1.196 181.479 616.373 797.85 398.93
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 7.64 11.46 1.128 1.128 1.196 1.196 171.710 583.194 754.90 377.45
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 11.46 1.096 1.096 1.196 1.196 166.825 566.604 733.43 366.71
1.5
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.64 11.46 1.385 1.385 1.147 1.147 269.520 686.548 956.07 478.03
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 7.64 11.46 1.193 1.193 1.147 1.147 232.047 591.092 823.14 411.57
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 7.64 11.46 1.128 1.128 1.147 1.147 219.556 559.274 778.83 389.41
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 11.46 1.096 1.096 1.147 1.147 213.310 543.365 756.67 378.34
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 7.64 11.46 1.385 1.385 1.098 1.098 386.989 657.185 1044.17 522.09
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.64 11.46 1.193 1.193 1.098 1.098 333.183 565.812 899.00 449.50
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 7.64 11.46 1.128 1.128 1.098 1.098 315.248 535.354 850.60 425.30
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 11.46 1.096 1.096 1.098 1.098 306.281 520.125 826.41 413.20
UNIT 8002
2
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 7.64 15.28 1.385 1.385 1.294 1.294 152.051 1032.851 1184.90 592.45
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 7.64 15.28 1.193 1.193 1.294 1.294 130.910 889.247 1020.16 510.08
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 7.64 15.28 1.128 1.128 1.294 1.294 123.863 841.378 965.24 482.62
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 15.28 1.096 1.096 1.294 1.294 120.340 817.444 937.78 468.89
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 7.64 15.28 1.385 1.385 1.196 1.196 210.786 954.549 1165.33 582.67
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 7.64 15.28 1.193 1.193 1.196 1.196 181.479 821.831 1003.31 501.65
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 7.64 15.28 1.128 1.128 1.196 1.196 171.710 777.592 949.30 474.65
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 15.28 1.096 1.096 1.196 1.196 166.825 755.472 922.30 461.15
2.0
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 7.64 15.28 1.385 1.385 1.147 1.147 269.520 915.397 1184.92 592.46
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 7.64 15.28 1.193 1.193 1.147 1.147 232.047 788.123 1020.17 510.09
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 7.64 15.28 1.128 1.128 1.147 1.147 219.556 745.699 965.25 482.63
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 15.28 1.096 1.096 1.147 1.147 213.310 724.486 937.80 468.90
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 7.64 15.28 1.385 1.385 1.098 1.098 386.989 876.246 1263.24 631.62
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 7.64 15.28 1.193 1.193 1.098 1.098 333.183 754.415 1087.60 543.80
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 7.64 15.28 1.128 1.128 1.098 1.098 315.248 713.805 1029.05 514.53
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 7.64 15.28 1.096 1.096 1.098 1.098 306.281 693.500 999.78 499.89
UNIT 8002
IA (Industrial Area) Admin Building Extension (Borehole 3)
Meyerhof's Formula
But c = 0
where,
sγ, sq = 1 + 0.1kp (B/L)
2
Kp = tan (45+Φ/2) = 2.88
1/2
dγ , dq = 1+ 0.1kp *(Df /B)
Meyerhof
Φ
Nc Nq Nγ
0 5.14 1 0
5 6.49 1.6 0.1
10 8.34 2.5 0.4
15 10.97 3.9 1.1
20 11.83 6.4 2.9
25 20.71 10.7 6.8
26 22.25 11.8 8
28 25.79 14.7 11.2
30 30.13 18.4 15.7
32 35.47 23.2 22
34 42.14 29.4 31.1
36 50.55 37.7 44.4
38 61.31 48.9 64
40 75.25 64.1 93.6
45 133.73 134.7 262.3
50 266.5 318.5 871.7
3
3
3
φ = angle of internal friction = 29 ⁰ = 59.5
Nq = 16.55 Nγ = 13.45
IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE

PROJECT
LOCATION: BONNY ISLAND,

PLANT: LNG COMPLEX PROJECT NO: 11/PDR/142
NIGERIA
PAGE 58 OF 122
NIGERIA LNG LTD
UNIT 8002 Rev A
2
qa = qult/2 (kN/m )
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 6.74 3.37 1.288 1.288 1.085 1.170 34.151 77.946 112.10 56.05
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 6.74 3.37 1.144 1.144 1.085 1.085 28.130 69.227 97.36 48.68
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 6.74 3.37 1.096 1.096 1.085 1.085 26.949 66.321 93.27 46.63
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 3.37 1.072 1.072 1.085 1.085 26.359 64.867 91.23 45.61
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 6.74 3.37 1.288 1.288 1.057 1.057 46.271 75.914 122.18 61.09
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 6.74 3.37 1.144 1.144 1.057 1.057 41.095 67.422 108.52 54.26
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 6.74 3.37 1.096 1.096 1.057 1.057 39.369 64.591 103.96 51.98
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 3.37 1.072 1.072 1.057 1.057 38.507 63.176 101.68 50.84
0.5
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 6.74 3.37 1.288 1.288 1.042 1.042 60.868 74.897 135.77 67.88
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 6.74 3.37 1.144 1.144 1.042 1.042 54.059 66.519 120.58 60.29
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 6.74 3.37 1.096 1.096 1.042 1.042 51.789 63.726 115.52 57.76
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 3.37 1.072 1.072 1.042 1.042 50.655 62.330 112.98 56.49
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 6.74 3.37 1.288 1.288 1.028 1.028 90.063 73.881 163.94 81.97
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 6.74 3.37 1.144 1.144 1.028 1.028 79.988 65.616 145.60 72.80
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 6.74 3.37 1.096 1.096 1.028 1.028 76.630 62.861 139.49 69.75
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 3.37 1.072 1.072 1.028 1.028 74.951 61.484 136.43 68.22
2
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 6.74 6.74 1.288 1.288 1.170 1.170 34.151 168.090 202.24 101.12
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 6.74 6.74 1.144 1.144 1.170 1.170 30.331 149.287 179.62 89.81
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 6.74 6.74 1.096 1.096 1.170 1.170 29.058 143.019 172.08 86.04
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 6.74 1.072 1.072 1.170 1.170 28.421 139.885 168.31 84.15
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 6.74 6.74 1.288 1.288 1.113 1.113 48.749 159.959 208.71 104.35
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 6.74 6.74 1.144 1.144 1.113 1.113 43.296 142.065 185.36 92.68
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 6.74 6.74 1.096 1.096 1.113 1.113 41.478 136.101 177.58 88.79
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 6.74 1.072 1.072 1.113 1.113 40.569 133.118 173.69 86.84
1.0
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 6.74 6.74 1.288 1.288 1.085 1.085 63.346 155.893 219.24 109.62
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 6.74 6.74 1.144 1.144 1.085 1.085 56.260 138.454 194.71 97.36
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 6.74 6.74 1.096 1.096 1.085 1.085 53.898 132.641 186.54 93.27
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 6.74 1.072 1.072 1.085 1.085 52.717 129.735 182.45 91.23
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 6.74 6.74 1.288 1.288 1.057 1.057 92.541 151.827 244.37 122.18
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 6.74 6.74 1.144 1.144 1.057 1.057 82.189 134.843 217.03 108.52
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 6.74 6.74 1.096 1.096 1.057 1.057 78.739 129.182 207.92 103.96
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 6.74 1.072 1.072 1.057 1.057 77.013 126.351 203.36 101.68
UNIT 8002
2
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 6.74 8.088 1.288 1.288 1.204 1.204 35.143 207.563 242.71 121.35
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 6.74 8.088 1.144 1.144 1.204 1.204 31.211 184.344 215.56 107.78
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 6.74 8.088 1.096 1.096 1.204 1.204 29.901 176.605 206.51 103.25
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 8.088 1.072 1.072 1.204 1.204 29.246 172.735 201.98 100.99
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 6.74 8.088 1.288 1.288 1.136 1.136 49.740 195.853 245.59 122.80
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 6.74 8.088 1.144 1.144 1.136 1.136 44.176 173.945 218.12 109.06
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 6.74 8.088 1.096 1.096 1.136 1.136 42.321 166.642 208.96 104.48
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 8.088 1.072 1.072 1.136 1.136 41.394 162.990 204.38 102.19
1.2
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 6.74 8.088 1.288 1.288 1.102 1.102 64.337 189.999 254.34 127.17
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 6.74 8.088 1.144 1.144 1.102 1.102 57.140 168.745 225.89 112.94
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 6.74 8.088 1.096 1.096 1.102 1.102 54.741 161.660 216.40 108.20
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 8.088 1.072 1.072 1.102 1.102 53.542 158.118 211.66 105.83
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 6.74 8.088 1.288 1.288 1.068 1.068 93.532 184.144 277.68 138.84
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 6.74 8.088 1.144 1.144 1.068 1.068 83.070 163.545 246.61 123.31
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 6.74 8.088 1.096 1.096 1.068 1.068 79.582 156.679 236.26 118.13
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 8.088 1.072 1.072 1.068 1.068 77.838 153.246 231.08 115.54
2
qa = qult/2 (kN/m )
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 6.74 10.11 1.288 1.288 1.255 1.255 36.629 270.431 307.06 153.53
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 6.74 10.11 1.144 1.144 1.255 1.255 32.532 240.180 272.71 136.36
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 6.74 10.11 1.096 1.096 1.255 1.255 31.166 230.096 261.26 130.63
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 10.11 1.072 1.072 1.255 1.255 30.483 225.054 255.54 127.77
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 6.74 10.11 1.288 1.288 1.170 1.170 51.227 252.135 303.36 151.68
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 6.74 10.11 1.144 1.144 1.170 1.170 45.496 223.931 269.43 134.71
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 6.74 10.11 1.096 1.096 1.170 1.170 43.586 214.529 258.12 129.06
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 10.11 1.072 1.072 1.170 1.170 42.631 209.828 252.46 126.23
1.5
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 6.74 10.11 1.288 1.288 1.127 1.127 65.824 242.987 308.81 154.41
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 6.74 10.11 1.144 1.144 1.127 1.127 58.461 215.806 274.27 137.13
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 6.74 10.11 1.096 1.096 1.127 1.127 56.007 206.745 262.75 131.38
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 10.11 1.072 1.072 1.127 1.127 54.779 202.215 256.99 128.50
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 6.74 10.11 1.288 1.288 1.085 1.085 95.019 233.839 328.86 164.43
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 6.74 10.11 1.144 1.144 1.085 1.085 84.390 207.681 292.07 146.04
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 6.74 10.11 1.096 1.096 1.085 1.085 80.847 198.962 279.81 139.90
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 10.11 1.072 1.072 1.085 1.085 79.076 194.602 273.68 136.84
UNIT 8002
2
qa = qult/2 (kN/m )
1.0 0.5 0.50 1.00 1.00 6.74 13.48 1.288 1.288 1.255 1.255 36.629 360.575 397.20 198.60
2.0 0.5 1.00 2.00 0.50 6.74 13.48 1.144 1.144 1.255 1.255 32.532 320.240 352.77 176.39
1.0
3.0 0.5 1.50 3.00 0.33 6.74 13.48 1.096 1.096 1.255 1.255 31.166 306.795 337.96 168.98
4.0 0.5 2.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 13.48 1.072 1.072 1.255 1.255 30.483 300.072 330.56 165.28
1.5 0.75 0.75 1.00 1.00 6.74 13.48 1.288 1.288 1.170 1.170 51.227 336.180 387.41 193.70
3.0 0.75 1.50 2.00 0.50 6.74 13.48 1.144 1.144 1.170 1.170 45.496 298.574 344.07 172.04
1.5
4.5 0.75 2.25 3.00 0.33 6.74 13.48 1.096 1.096 1.170 1.170 43.586 286.039 329.63 164.81
6.0 0.75 3.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 13.48 1.072 1.072 1.170 1.170 42.631 279.771 322.40 161.20
2.0
2.0 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 6.74 13.48 1.288 1.288 1.127 1.127 65.824 323.983 389.81 194.90
4.0 1.0 2.00 2.00 0.50 6.74 13.48 1.144 1.144 1.127 1.127 58.461 287.741 346.20 173.10
2.0
6.0 1.0 3.00 3.00 0.33 6.74 13.48 1.096 1.096 1.127 1.127 56.007 275.661 331.67 165.83
8.0 1.0 4.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 13.48 1.072 1.072 1.127 1.127 54.779 269.620 324.40 162.20
3.0 1.5 1.50 1.00 1.00 6.74 13.48 1.288 1.288 1.085 1.085 95.019 311.786 406.80 203.40
6.0 1.5 3.00 2.00 0.50 6.74 13.48 1.144 1.144 1.085 1.085 84.390 276.908 361.30 180.65
3.0
9.0 1.5 4.50 3.00 0.33 6.74 13.48 1.096 1.096 1.085 1.085 80.847 265.283 346.13 173.06
12.0 1.5 6.00 4.00 0.25 6.74 13.48 1.072 1.072 1.085 1.085 79.076 259.470 338.55 169.27
UNIT 8002
5.3 Settlement Check
For detailed foundation design calculations, immediate settlement checks shall be carried
out in accordance with the code of practice for foundation for BH 1, 2 and 3
Immediate Settlement (si) Calculations
The immediate settlement is calculated using Burland and Burbidge method from
the formula
Se = α1* α2* α3*1.25*[(L/B)/0.25+ (L/B)] 2*(B/BR) 0.7*(q1/Pa) - Principles of
Foundation Engineering by Braja M. ( Eqn 5.57)
Where
Se = Settlement
α1 = a constant for normally consolidated sand = 0.14
α2 = compressibility index = 1.71/N1.4
α3 = correction for influence depth = 1 (for normally consolidated sand)
BR = Reference width = 0.3
q = net applied pressure
Pa = atmospheric pressure = 100kN/m2
L = Length of footing
B = Width of foundation
N = SPT value
Total settlement for the infrastructural works and foundation shall be limited to a
maximum value of 25 mm as recommended in the Structural Design Criteria (Clause
9.5.3) of the Admin building, learning centre project. Where the allowable bearing
settlements yields settlements higher than the limiting value, the limiting settlement
shall be used as a criteria to determine the safe bearing capacity for spread
foundations.
Naturally, high settlements occur at greater foundation depths. In this context,
settlement shall be checked at 0.5, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, and 2.0 meters for shallow
foundations using the allowable bearing pressures.
The table below shows the settlement computations for the different foundation
sizes at foundation depths of 0.5, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, and 2.0 meters using calculated
allowable pressures.
UNIT 8002
Settlement Check for Bore Hole 1
D (m) B(m) L(m) L/B (m) α1 α2 α3 qnet (kN/m2) Se

1.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 256.78 2.449
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 211.02 2.484
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 198.81 2.524
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 192.70 2.543
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 287.46 3.641
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 244.93 3.830
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 230.75 3.891
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 223.66 3.921
0.5
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 329.57 5.106
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 280.80 5.371
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 264.55 5.456
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 256.42 5.498
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 416.11 8.562
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 354.54 9.006
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 334.01 9.150
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 323.75 9.220

1.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 434.33 4.142
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 370.06 4.357
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 348.64 4.426
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 337.92 4.460
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 460.20 5.829
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 392.10 6.131
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 369.40 6.229
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 358.05 6.277
1.0
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 495.35 7.674
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 422.05 8.072
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 397.61 8.201
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 385.40 8.264
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 574.93 11.830
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 489.85 12.443
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 461.49 12.642
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 447.31 12.739
UNIT 8002
1.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 516.79 4.928
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 440.32 5.184
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 414.82 5.267
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 402.08 5.307
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 534.49 6.770
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 455.40 7.121
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 429.03 7.235
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 415.85 7.290
1.2
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 565.56 8.761
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 481.87 9.216
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 453.97 9.363
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 440.02 9.435
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 641.05 13.190
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 546.19 13.875
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 514.57 14.096
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 498.76 14.204

1.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 648.83 6.187
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 552.82 6.508
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 520.81 6.612
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 504.81 6.663
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 651.50 8.252
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 555.09 8.680
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 522.95 8.819
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 506.89 8.886
1.5
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 675.05 10.458
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 575.15 11.000
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 541.86 11.176
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 525.21 11.261
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 743.03 15.289
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 633.07 16.082
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 596.42 16.338
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 578.10 16.464
UNIT 8002
1.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 826.38 7.881
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 704.09 8.289
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 663.33 8.422
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 642.95 8.486
1.50 1.50 0.14 0.01 1.00 815.13 11.852
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 694.50 11.711
1.5
4.50 4.50 0.14 0.01 1.00 654.30 11.622
6.00 6.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 634.19 11.567
2.0
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 831.72 15.907
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 708.64 15.194
2.0
6.00 6.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 667.61 14.893
8.00 8.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 647.10 14.729
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 892.73 24.456
6.00 6.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 760.63 22.537
3.0
9.00 9.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 716.59 21.810
12.00 12.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 694.57 21.428

1.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 179.79 1.987
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 149.83 2.044
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 141.77 2.086
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 137.73 2.107
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 200.13 2.938
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 172.31 3.123
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 163.03 3.186
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 158.39 3.218
0.5
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 227.87 4.091
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 196.19 4.349
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 185.63 4.437
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 180.35 4.482
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 284.97 6.796
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 245.35 7.223
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 232.14 7.370
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 225.54 7.444
UNIT 8002
1.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 308.90 3.414
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 265.95 3.629
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 251.63 3.703
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 244.48 3.740
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 325.22 4.774
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 280.00 5.074
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 264.93 5.178
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 257.39 5.229
1.0
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 348.06 6.249
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 299.67 6.642
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 283.53 6.777
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 275.47 6.845
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 400.27 9.545
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 344.62 10.145
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 326.06 10.352
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 316.79 10.456

1.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 368.33 4.071
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 317.12 4.327
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 300.05 4.415
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 291.51 4.459
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 378.90 5.562
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 326.22 5.912
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 308.66 6.032
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 299.88 6.093
1.2
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 398.87 7.161
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 343.42 7.612
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 324.93 7.767
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 315.69 7.845
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 448.21 10.688
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 385.89 11.361
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 365.12 11.592
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 354.73 11.708
UNIT 8002
1.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 463.34 5.121
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 398.92 5.443
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 377.45 5.554
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 366.71 5.609
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 463.35 6.802
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 398.93 7.229
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 377.45 7.377
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 366.71 7.451
1.5
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 478.03 8.583
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 411.57 9.123
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 389.41 9.308
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 378.34 9.402
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 522.09 12.450
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 449.50 13.233
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 425.30 13.502
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 413.20 13.638

1.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 592.45 6.548
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 510.08 6.960
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 482.62 7.101
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 468.89 7.173
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 582.67 8.553
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 501.65 9.091
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 474.65 9.276
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 461.15 9.369
2.0
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 592.46 10.637
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 510.09 11.306
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 482.63 11.536
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 468.90 11.652
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 631.62 15.062
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 543.80 16.009
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 514.53 16.335
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.01 1.00 499.89 16.499

1.00 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 56.05 4.314
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 48.68 4.626
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 46.63 4.779
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 45.61 4.859
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 61.09 6.246
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 54.26 6.848
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 51.98 7.075
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 50.84 7.194
0.5
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 67.88 8.488
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 60.29 9.307
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 57.76 9.615
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 56.49 9.777
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 81.97 13.614
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 72.80 14.927
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 69.75 15.421
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 68.22 15.681
UNIT 8002
1.00 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 101.12 7.783
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 89.81 8.534
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 86.04 8.817
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 84.15 8.965
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 104.35 10.668
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 92.68 11.697
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 88.79 12.085
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 86.84 12.288
1.0
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 109.62 13.707
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 97.36 15.029
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 93.27 15.527
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 91.23 15.788
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 122.18 20.292
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 108.52 22.249
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 103.96 22.986
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 101.68 23.373

1.00 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 121.35 9.341
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 107.78 10.242
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 103.25 10.581
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 100.99 10.759
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 122.80 12.554
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 109.06 13.765
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 104.48 14.221
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 102.19 14.460
1.2
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 127.17 15.901
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 112.94 17.435
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 108.20 18.012
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 105.83 18.315
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 138.84 23.058
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 123.31 25.282
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 118.13 26.119
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 115.54 26.559

1.00 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 153.53 11.817
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 136.36 12.957
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 130.63 13.386
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 127.77 13.612
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 151.68 15.507
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 134.71 17.002
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 129.06 17.566
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 126.23 17.861
1.5
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 154.41 19.307
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 137.13 21.169
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 131.38 21.870
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 128.50 22.238
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 164.43 27.308
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 146.04 29.942
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 139.90 30.934
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 136.84 31.454
UNIT 8002
1.00 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 198.60 15.286
2.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 176.39 16.761
1.0
3.00 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 168.98 17.316
4.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 165.28 17.607
1.50 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 193.70 19.803
3.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 172.04 21.713
1.5
4.50 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 164.81 22.432
6.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 161.20 22.809
2.0
2.00 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 194.90 24.370
4.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 173.10 26.721
2.0
6.00 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 165.83 27.606
8.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 162.20 28.071
3.00 1.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 203.40 33.780
6.00 2.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 180.65 37.039
3.0
9.00 3.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 173.06 38.266
12.00 4.00 0.14 0.08 1.00 169.27 38.909
5.3.1 Safe Bearing Capacities

From the tables above, it can be observed that in some cases, immediate
settlements corresponding to above values of allowable bearing capacity are above
the limits of maximum allowable settlements permitted.
Find below safe bearing pressures with limiting maximum settlement values of 25
mm using 24.89mm (highest safe computed settlement value) as a reference value.
BH 3 (Borehole 3 will be used for the new admin building/learning centre because it
is more conservative)
The table below shows computed settlements greater than allowable and the safe
bearing pressures corresponding to the limiting settlements
Safe Bearing capacities for Borehole 3
Computed Computed Se Safe qnet Safe Se

D (m) B(m) L(m)
qnet (kNm2) (mm) (kNm2) (mm)
6.0 123.31 25.282 212.38 24.887
1.2 3.0 9.0 118.13 26.119 112.56 24.888
12.0 115.54 26.559 108.27 24.887

D (m) B(m) L(m)
3.0 164.43 27.308 149.86 24.888
6.0 146.04 29.942 121.38 24.887
1.5 3.0
9.0 139.90 30.934 112.56 24.888
12.0 136.84 31.454 108.27 24.887
UNIT 8002
D (m) B(m) L(m)
4.0 173.10 26.721 161.22 24.887
2.0 6.0 165.83 27.606 149.50 24.887
8.0 162.20 28.071 143.7 24.886
2.0 3.0 203.40 33.78 149.85 24.886
6.0 180.65 37.039 121.38 24.887
3.0
9.0 173.06 38.266 112.55 24.886
12.0 169.27 38.909 108.27 24.887
UNIT 8002
5.4 Pile Foundation
The Design Compressive Pile Resistance, Rc,d, or the ultimate compressive capacity, Qu of
piles is determined by the equation
Rc,d = Qu = Rb,d + Rs,d - EN 1997-1 : Geotechnical Design (Eq 7.6)
Where,
Rb;d = Qb = End bearing resistance of the pile = qb.Ab
Rs;d = Qs = skin frictional resistance of the pile = fs.As
Therefore,
Rc;d =Qu = qb.Ab + fs.As - EN 1997 : Geotechnical Design (Eq 7.6)
qb = unit end bearing capacity, kPa
fs = unit skin friction, kPa
Ab = gross base area of pile tip, m2
As = side surface area of pile, m2
(A) End bearing resistance of the pile
The end bearing resistance, Rb;d, of the pile is determined as follows;
In cohesive soil, Rb;d = Qb = Nc *cu * Ab
In non-cohesive soil Rb;d = Qb = Nq* σv’* Ab
Where,
cu = characteristics undrained shear strength of the clay at the pile toe.
Nq = bearing capacity factor
σv’ = vertical effective stress at the pile toe
(B) Shaft resistance of the pile
The shaft resistance, Rs;d, of the pile is determined from the following equation;
Cohesive soil, Rs;d = Qs = α *cu * As
Non-cohesive soil Rs;d = Qs = Ks* σv * tanδ * Ab
Where,
UNIT 8002
cu = characteristics undrained shear strength of the clay along the pile shaft
α = Adhesion Factor
σv = average effective stress on the pile shaft
Ks = lateral load factor
tanδ = mobilised friction at the pile-soil interface
Allowable compressive capacity of piles Qa is given by Ultimate compression capacity, Qu

divided by appropriate factor of safety
A factor of safety of 2.0 and 3.0 was used for shaft and base resistances of the pile
respectively to get the allowable compressive capacity. A global factor of safety of 2.5 was
also used as a combined check for both shaft and base resistance as can be seen from the
tables below.
Formular Reference
1. General
γd = γ/(1+w) Foundation Analysis and Design,
e = (Gsγw/γd)-1 5th Edition, by Joseph E. Bowles.
γsat = (Gs + e)γw/(1+e) (From Eqn 4.4)
γ' = γsul = γsat - γw

φ = 0.36N+27º 5th Edition, by Joseph E. Bowles
(Eqn 3-5)
Nq = eπtanφtan2(45+φ/2)
Nγ = (Nq - 1)tan(1.4φ) 5th Edition, by Joseph E. Bowles
(Table 4-1)
Nc = (Nq - 1)Cotφ - it is usually taken as 0.9
The Meyerhof critical Depth approach was used to compute shaft resistance for 300mm,
400mm, 600mm and 750mm diameter driven piles for Boreholes 1, 2 & 3.
UNIT 8002
(Bore Hole 1)
Type m m kN/m
3
Mg/m
3
kN/m
3
% - kN/m
2
kN/m
3
- kN/m
3
kN/m
3
Fine to medium greyish,

3.70 3.70 9.81 1.797 17.63 17.97 2.67 0.00 14.94 0.75 19.16 9.35
medium Dense, dense sand
12.00 8.30 9.81 1.625 15.94 28.30 2.67 0.00 12.42 1.11 17.58 7.77
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.763 17.30 29.00 2.67 0.00 13.41 0.95 18.20 8.39

Type m m - ˚ - - -
Fine to medium greyish, medium

3.70 3.70 26 34.50 31.30 9.00 34.01
Dense, dense sand
12.00 8.30 24 34.00 29.44 9.00 31.15

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 28 35.00 33.30 46.12 37.15

Type m m m m 2
m2

3.70 3.70 0.300 0.07 3.49
Dense, dense sand
12.00 8.30 0.300 0.07 7.82

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.300 0.07 2.83

Type m m - kN/m
2
- ˚ - m kN/m 3
kN/m
2
kN/m
2

3.7 3.7 0.00 0.00 0.43 25.88 0.49 3.70 9.35 34.58 34.58
Fine to medium greyish, 12 8.3 0.00 0.00 0.44 25.50 0.48 8.30 7.77 64.50 99.09
medium Dense sand
15 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 26.25 0.49 3.00 8.39 25.16 124.24
UNIT 8002
Type 2 2
3.70 3.70 7.27 25.36 25.36 1082.39 76.51 101.87
Fine to medium greyish, 12.00 8.30 20.83 162.97 188.33 2917.04 206.19 394.52
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 26.13 73.87 262.20 4136.77 292.41 554.61

m kN kN kN
3.70 25.36 76.51 3.00 2.00 46.71
12.00 188.33 206.19 3.00 2.00 165.87
15.00 262.20 292.41 3.00 2.00 233.61

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
3.70 101.87 2.5 40.75
12.00 394.52 2.5 157.81
15.00 554.61 2.5 221.85

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)

BH 1
Soil Depth Thk. psi,u Σpsi,u γ con'c Wc Wp Tu SF Ta

Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN kN
3.70 3.70 25.36 25.36 25 6.54 6.54 31.90 4.00 7.98
12.00 8.30 162.97 188.33 25 21.21 27.74 216.07 4.00 54.02
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 73.87 262.20 25 26.51 54.25 316.45 4.00 79.11
UNIT 8002
By MJ Tomlinson
Ha = 101.56 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0026507 m3

Ha = 50.78 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0026507 m3

= 1.8T = 3.1609 m (from Equation 6.34)
E = 21000000 kN/m 2
4
I = π(D ) / 64 = 0.0003976 m4

Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 34.772 kN

Ha = 11.591 kN < 101.558904 kN

Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 8.693 kN

Ha = 2.8977 kN < 50.78 kN
UNIT 8002
By Joseph E. Bowles

L = length of pile


3.70 3.70 0.50 21000000 0.0001 20500.00 0.75 0.000 0.29
12.00 8.30 0.50 21000000 0.0014 19500.00 0.75 0.001 2.08
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0036 21500.00 0.75 0.001 5.00
UNIT 8002
Type m m kN/m
3
Mg/m
3
kN/m
3
% - kN/m
2
kN/m
3
- kN/m
3
kN/m
3

3.70 3.70 9.81 1.797 17.63 17.97 2.67 0.00 14.94 0.75 19.16 9.35
12.00 8.30 9.81 1.625 15.94 28.30 2.67 0.00 12.42 1.11 17.58 7.77
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.763 17.30 29.00 2.67 0.00 13.41 0.95 18.20 8.39

Type m m - ˚ - - -

3.70 3.70 26 34.50 31.30 9.00 34.01
Dense, dense sand
12.00 8.30 24 34.00 29.44 9.00 31.15

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 28 35.00 33.30 46.12 37.15

Type m m m m 2
m2

3.70 3.70 0.400 0.13 4.65
Dense, dense sand
12.00 8.30 0.400 0.13 10.43

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.400 0.13 3.77

Type 2 3 2 2
m m - kN/m - ˚ - m kN/m kN/m kN/m
3.7 3.7 0.00 0.00 0.43 25.88 0.49 3.70 9.35 34.58 34.58
medium Dense sand
15 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 26.25 0.49 3.00 8.39 25.16 124.24
UNIT 8002
Type 2 2
3.70 3.70 7.27 33.82 33.82 1082.39 136.02 169.83
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 26.13 98.50 349.60 4136.77 519.84 869.44

m kN kN kN
3.70 33.82 136.02 3.00 2.00 79.28
12.00 251.11 366.57 3.00 2.00 266.99
15.00 349.60 519.84 3.00 2.00 376.46

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
3.70 169.83 2.5 67.93
12.00 617.67 2.5 247.07
15.00 869.44 2.5 347.78

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)

BH 1

Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN kN
3.70 3.70 33.82 33.82 25 11.62 11.62 45.44 4.00 11.36
12.00 8.30 217.29 251.11 25 37.70 49.32 300.43 4.00 75.11
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 98.50 349.60 25 47.12 96.45 446.05 4.00 111.51
UNIT 8002
By MJ Tomlinson
Ha = 201.18 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0062832 m3

Ha = 100.59 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
Z = π(D 4 ) / 32D = 0.0062832 m3

= 1.8T = 3.9789 m (from Equation 6.34)
0.2
2
E = 21000000 kN/m
I = π(D 4 ) / 64 = 0.0012566 m4

Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 64.143 kN
Ha = 21.381 kN < 201.181949 kN

Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 16.036 kN

Ha = 5.3452 kN < 100.59 kN
UNIT 8002

By Joseph E. Bowles

L = length of pile


3.70 3.70 0.50 21000000 0.0001 20500.00 0.75 0.000 0.53
12.00 8.30 0.50 21000000 0.0012 19500.00 0.75 0.002 2.89
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0032 21500.00 0.75 0.003 6.46
UNIT 8002
Type m m kN/m
3
Mg/m
3
kN/m
3
% - kN/m
2
kN/m
3
- kN/m
3
kN/m
3

3.70 3.70 9.81 1.797 17.63 17.97 2.67 0.00 14.94 0.75 19.16 9.35
12.00 8.30 9.81 1.625 15.94 28.30 2.67 0.00 12.42 1.11 17.58 7.77
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.763 17.30 29.00 2.67 0.00 13.41 0.95 18.20 8.39

Type m m - ˚ - - -

3.70 3.70 26 34.50 31.30 9.00 34.01
Dense, dense sand
12.00 8.30 24 34.00 29.44 9.00 31.15

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 28 35.00 33.30 46.12 37.15

Type m m m m 2
m2

3.70 3.70 0.600 0.28 6.97
Dense, dense sand
12.00 8.30 0.600 0.28 15.65

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.600 0.28 5.65

Type m m - kN/m
2
- ˚ - m kN/m 3 kN/m
2
kN/m
2

3.7 3.7 0.00 0.00 0.43 25.88 0.49 3.70 9.35 34.58 34.58
medium Dense sand
15 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 26.25 0.49 3.00 8.39 25.16 124.24
UNIT 8002
Type m m kN/m2 kN kN kN/m2 kN kN
3.70 3.70 7.27 50.72 50.72 1082.39 306.04 356.76
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 26.13 147.74 524.40 4136.77 1169.65 1694.05

m kN kN kN
3.70 50.72 306.04 3.00 2.00 169.93
12.00 376.66 824.77 3.00 2.00 537.94
15.00 524.40 1169.65 3.00 2.00 759.62

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
3.70 356.76 2.5 142.70
12.00 1201.43 2.5 480.57
15.00 1694.05 2.5 677.62

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)

BH 1

Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN kN
3.70 3.70 50.72 50.72 25 26.15 26.15 76.88 4.00 19.22
12.00 8.30 325.94 376.66 25 84.82 110.98 487.64 4.00 121.91
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 147.74 524.40 25 106.03 217.01 741.41 4.00 185.35
UNIT 8002
By MJ Tomlinson
Ha = 519.82 kN
2
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0212058 m3

Ha = 259.91 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0212058 m3

= 1.8T = 5.5035 m (from Equation 6.34)
E = 21000000 kN/m 2
4
I = π(D ) / 64 = 0.0063617 m4

3
Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) = 145.71 kN
Ha = 48.569 kN < 519.81819 kN

Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 36.427 kN

Ha = 12.142 kN < 259.91 kN
UNIT 8002

By Joseph E. Bowles

L = length of pile


3.70 3.70 0.50 21000000 0.0001 20500.00 0.75 0.001 1.56
12.00 8.30 0.50 21000000 0.0011 19500.00 0.75 0.006 6.71
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0028 21500.00 0.75 0.011 13.79
UNIT 8002
Type m m kN/m
3
Mg/m
3
kN/m
3
% - kN/m
2
kN/m
3
- kN/m
3
kN/m
3

3.70 3.70 9.81 1.797 17.63 17.97 2.67 0.00 14.94 0.75 19.16 9.35
12.00 8.30 9.81 1.625 15.94 28.30 2.67 0.00 12.42 1.11 17.58 7.77
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.763 17.30 29.00 2.67 0.00 13.41 0.95 18.20 8.39

Type m m - ˚ - - -

3.70 3.70 26 34.50 31.30 9.00 34.01
Dense, dense sand
12.00 8.30 24 34.00 29.44 9.00 31.15

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 28 35.00 33.30 46.12 37.15

Type m m m m 2
m2

3.70 3.70 0.750 0.44 8.72
Dense, dense sand
12.00 8.30 0.750 0.44 19.56

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.750 0.44 7.07

Type m m - kN/m
2
- ˚ - m kN/m3 kN/m
2
kN/m
2

3.7 3.7 0.00 0.00 0.43 25.88 0.49 3.70 9.35 34.58 34.58
medium Dense sand
15 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 26.25 0.49 3.00 8.39 25.16 124.24

Type 2 2
3.70 3.70 7.27 63.40 63.40 1082.39 478.19 541.59
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 26.13 184.68 655.50 4136.77 1827.57 2483.07
UNIT 8002

m kN kN kN
3.70 63.40 478.19 3.00 2.00 260.23
12.00 470.82 1288.71 3.00 2.00 801.30
15.00 655.50 1827.57 3.00 2.00 1132.29

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
3.70 541.59 2.5 216.64
12.00 1759.53 2.5 703.81
15.00 2483.07 2.5 993.23

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)

BH 1

Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN kN
3.70 3.70 63.40 63.40 25 40.87 40.87 104.27 4.00 26.07
12.00 8.30 407.42 470.82 25 132.54 173.40 644.23 4.00 161.06
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 184.68 655.50 25 165.67 339.07 994.57 4.00 248.64
UNIT 8002
By MJ Tomlinson
Ha = 871.19 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0414175 m3

Ha = 435.59 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
Z = π(D 4 ) / 32D = 0.0414175 m3

= 1.8T = 6.5791 m (from Equation 6.34)
0.2
E = 21000000 kN/m 2
I = π(D 4 ) / 64 = 0.0155316 m4
3
nh = 500 kN/m (from page 224)

Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 224.75 kN
Ha = 74.918 kN < 871.185475 kN

Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 56.188 kN

Ha = 18.729 kN < 435.59 kN
UNIT 8002

By Joseph E. Bowles

L = length of pile


3.70 3.70 0.50 21000000 0.0001 20500.00 0.75 0.003 2.96
12.00 8.30 0.50 21000000 0.0010 19500.00 0.75 0.011 12.03
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0026 21500.00 0.75 0.022 24.13
UNIT 8002
5.5 300 mm Driven Pile Compression Capacity Computation
(Bore Hole 2)
Type m m kN/m
3
Mg/m
3
kN/m
3
% - kN/m
2
kN/m
3
- kN/m
3
kN/m
3

2.70 2.70 9.81 1.779 17.45 18.40 2.67 0.00 14.74 0.78 19.03 9.22
Loose, Fine greyish sandy silt 4.60 1.90 9.81 1.627 15.96 20.20 2.63 0.00 13.28 0.94 18.04 8.23
12.00 7.40 9.81 1.792 17.58 23.40 2.67 0.00 14.25 0.84 18.72 8.91
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.772 17.38 32.00 2.67 0.00 13.17 0.99 18.05 8.24

Type m m - ˚ - - -

2.70 2.70 18 34.00 29.44 9.00 31.15
Dense, dense sand
Loose, Fine greyish sandy silt 4.60 1.90 7 28.00 14.72 9.00 11.19
12.00 7.40 15 32.00 23.18 35.49 22.02

Dense, dense sand
15.00 3.00 20 33.00 26.09 9.00 26.17

Type m m m m 2
m2

2.70 2.70 0.300 0.07 2.54
Dense, dense sand
Loose, Fine greyish sandy silt 4.60 1.90 0.300 0.07 1.79
12.00 7.40 0.300 0.07 6.97

Dense, dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.300 0.07 2.83

Type m m - kN/m
2
- ˚ - m kN/m3 kN/m
2
kN/m
2

2.7 2.7 0.00 0.00 0.44 25.50 0.48 2.70 9.22 24.89 24.89
Loose, Fine greyish sandy silt 4.6 1.9 0.00 0.00 0.53 21.00 0.38 1.90 8.23 15.64 40.53
medium Dense, dense sand 15 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.46 24.75 0.46 3.00 8.24 24.71 131.18
UNIT 8002
Type 2 2
2.70 2.70 5.23 13.32 13.32 732.82 51.80 65.12
Loose, Fine greyish sandy silt 4.60 1.90 8.25 14.78 28.10 596.58 42.17 70.27
medium Dense, dense sand 15.00 3.00 27.54 77.86 261.36 3422.65 241.93 503.30

m kN kN kN
2.70 13.32 51.80 3.00 2.00 30.34
4.60 28.10 42.17 3.00 2.00 30.45
12.00 183.50 174.42 3.00 2.00 148.38
15.00 261.36 241.93 3.00 2.00 208.09

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
2.70 65.12 2.5 26.05
4.60 70.27 2.5 28.11
12.00 357.92 2.5 143.17
15.00 503.30 2.5 201.32

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)

BH 2

Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN kN
2.70 2.70 13.32 13.32 25 4.77 4.77 18.09 4.00 4.52
Loose, Fine greyish sandy silt 4.60 1.90 14.78 28.10 25 8.13 12.90 41.00 4.00 10.25
Fine to medium greyish, 12.00 7.40 155.41 183.50 25 21.21 34.11 217.61 4.00 54.40
15.00 3.00 77.86 261.36 25 26.51 60.61 321.98 4.00 80.49
UNIT 8002
By MJ Tomlinson
Ha = 101.56 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
Z = π(D 4 ) / 32D = 0.0026507 m3

Ha = 50.78 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
Z = π(D 4 ) / 32D = 0.0026507 m3

= 1.8T = 3.1609 m (from Equation 6.34)
0.2
2
E = 21000000 kN/m
I = π(D 4 ) / 64 = 0.0003976 m4

Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 34.772 kN
Ha = 11.591 kN < 101.558904 kN

Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 8.693 kN

Ha = 2.8977 kN < 50.78 kN
UNIT 8002

By Joseph E. Bowles

L = length of pile


2.70 2.70 0.50 21000000 0.0000 16250.00 0.75 0.000 0.20
Loose, Fine greyish sandy
4.60 1.90 0.50 21000000 0.0001 11000.00 0.75 0.000 0.48
silt
Fine to medium greyish, 12.00 7.40 0.50 21000000 0.0013 15000.00 0.75 0.001 2.21
15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0033 17500.00 0.75 0.002 4.93
UNIT 8002
Type m m kN/m
3
Mg/m
3
kN/m
3
% - kN/m
2
kN/m
3
- kN/m
3
kN/m
3

2.70 2.70 9.81 1.779 17.45 18.40 2.67 0.00 14.74 0.78 19.03 9.22
12.00 7.40 9.81 1.792 17.58 23.40 2.67 0.00 14.25 0.84 18.72 8.91
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.772 17.38 32.00 2.67 0.00 13.17 0.99 18.05 8.24

Type m m - ˚ - - -

2.70 2.70 18 34.00 29.44 9.00 31.15
Dense, dense sand
12.00 7.40 15 32.00 23.18 35.49 22.02

Dense, dense sand
15.00 3.00 20 33.00 26.09 9.00 26.17

Type m m m m 2
m2

2.70 2.70 0.400 0.13 3.39
Dense, dense sand
12.00 7.40 0.400 0.13 9.30

Dense, dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.400 0.13 3.77

Type m m - kN/m
2
- ˚ - m kN/m3 kN/m
2
kN/m
2

2.7 2.7 0.00 0.00 0.44 25.50 0.48 2.70 9.22 24.89 24.89
UNIT 8002
Type 2 2
2.70 2.70 5.23 17.76 17.76 732.82 92.09 109.85

m kN kN kN
2.70 17.76 92.09 3.00 2.00 51.96
4.60 37.46 74.97 3.00 2.00 49.97
12.00 244.67 310.08 3.00 2.00 236.60
15.00 348.48 430.10 3.00 2.00 331.21

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
2.70 109.85 2.5 43.94
4.60 112.43 2.5 44.97
12.00 554.75 2.5 221.90
15.00 778.59 2.5 311.43

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)

BH 2

Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN kN
2.70 2.70 17.76 17.76 25 8.48 8.48 26.24 4.00 6.56
15.00 3.00 103.81 348.48 25 47.12 107.76 456.24 4.00 114.06
UNIT 8002
By MJ Tomlinson
Ha = 201.18 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0062832 m3

Ha = 100.59 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0062832 m3

= 1.8T = 3.9789 m (from Equation 6.34)
2
E = 21000000 kN/m
4
I = π(D ) / 64 = 0.0012566 m4

Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 64.143 kN
Ha = 21.381 kN < 201.181949 kN

Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 16.036 kN

Ha = 5.3452 kN < 100.59 kN
UNIT 8002

By Joseph E. Bowles

L = length of pile


2.70 2.70 0.50 21000000 0.0000 16250.00 0.75 0.000 0.42
4.60 1.90 0.50 21000000 0.0001 11000.00 0.75 0.001 0.94
silt
15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0029 17500.00 0.75 0.004 6.70
UNIT 8002
Type m m kN/m
3
Mg/m
3
kN/m
3
% - kN/m
2
kN/m
3
- kN/m
3
kN/m
3

2.70 2.70 9.81 1.779 17.45 18.40 2.67 0.00 14.74 0.78 19.03 9.22
12.00 7.40 9.81 1.792 17.58 23.40 2.67 0.00 14.25 0.84 18.72 8.91
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.772 17.38 32.00 2.67 0.00 13.17 0.99 18.05 8.24

Type m m - ˚ - - -

2.70 2.70 18 34.00 29.44 9.00 31.15
Dense, dense sand
12.00 7.40 15 32.00 23.18 35.49 22.02

Dense, dense sand
15.00 3.00 20 33.00 26.09 9.00 26.17

Type m m m m 2
m2

2.70 2.70 0.600 0.28 5.09
Dense, dense sand
12.00 7.40 0.600 0.28 13.95

Dense, dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.600 0.28 5.65

Type m m - kN/m
2
- ˚ - m kN/m3 kN/m
2
kN/m
2

2.7 2.7 0.00 0.00 0.44 25.50 0.48 2.70 9.22 24.89 24.89
UNIT 8002
Type 2 2
2.70 2.70 5.23 26.64 26.64 732.82 207.20 233.84

m kN kN kN
2.70 26.64 207.20 3.00 2.00 112.48
4.60 56.20 168.68 3.00 2.00 103.07
12.00 367.01 697.68 3.00 2.00 471.17
15.00 522.73 967.73 3.00 2.00 658.11

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
2.70 233.84 2.5 93.53
4.60 224.87 2.5 89.95
12.00 1064.68 2.5 425.87
15.00 1490.46 2.5 596.18

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)

BH 2

Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN kN
2.70 2.70 26.64 26.64 25 19.09 19.09 45.72 4.00 11.43
15.00 3.00 155.72 522.73 25 106.03 242.45 765.18 4.00 191.29
UNIT 8002
By MJ Tomlinson
Ha = 519.82 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0212058 m3

Ha = 259.91 kN
2
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0212058 m3

= 1.8T = 5.5035 m (from Equation 6.34)
E = 21000000 kN/m 2
4 4
I = π(D ) / 64 = 0.0063617 m

Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 145.71 kN
Ha = 48.569 kN < 519.81819 kN

3
y = H u (e+z f ) / 3EI (from Equation 6.37)
3
Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) = 36.427 kN
Ha = 12.142 kN < 259.91 kN
UNIT 8002

By Joseph E. Bowles

L = length of pile


2.70 2.70 0.50 21000000 0.0000 16250.00 0.75 0.001 1.30
4.60 1.90 0.50 21000000 0.0001 11000.00 0.75 0.003 2.88
silt
15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0025 17500.00 0.75 0.013 15.30
UNIT 8002
Type m m kN/m
3
Mg/m
3
kN/m
3
% - kN/m
2
kN/m
3
- kN/m
3
kN/m
3

2.70 2.70 9.81 1.779 17.45 18.40 2.67 0.00 14.74 0.78 19.03 9.22
12.00 7.40 9.81 1.792 17.58 23.40 2.67 0.00 14.25 0.84 18.72 8.91
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.772 17.38 32.00 2.67 0.00 13.17 0.99 18.05 8.24

Type m m - ˚ - - -

2.70 2.70 18 34.00 29.44 9.00 31.15
Dense, dense sand
12.00 7.40 15 32.00 23.18 9.00 22.02

Dense, dense sand
15.00 3.00 20 33.00 26.09 9.00 26.17

Type m m m m 2
m2

2.70 2.70 0.750 0.44 6.36
Dense, dense sand
12.00 7.40 0.750 0.44 17.44

Dense, dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.750 0.44 7.07

Type 2 3 2 2
2.7 2.7 0.00 0.00 0.44 25.50 0.48 2.70 9.22 24.89 24.89
UNIT 8002
Type 2 2
2.70 2.70 5.23 33.30 33.30 732.82 323.75 357.04

m kN kN kN
2.70 33.30 323.75 3.00 2.00 172.97
4.60 70.25 263.56 3.00 2.00 155.19
12.00 458.76 1090.12 3.00 2.00 697.98
15.00 653.41 1512.08 3.00 2.00 973.84

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
2.70 357.04 2.5 142.82
4.60 333.80 2.5 133.52
12.00 1548.88 2.5 619.55
15.00 2165.49 2.5 866.20

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)

Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN kN
2.70 2.70 33.30 33.30 25 29.82 29.82 63.12 4.00 15.78
15.00 3.00 194.65 653.41 25 165.67 378.83 1032.24 4.00 258.06
UNIT 8002
By MJ Tomlinson
Ha = 871.19 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
Z = π(D 4 ) / 32D = 0.0414175 m3

Ha = 435.59 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0414175 m3

= 1.8T = 6.5791 m (from Equation 6.34)
E = 21000000 kN/m 2
4
I = π(D ) / 64 = 0.0155316 m4

Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 224.75 kN
Ha = 74.918 kN < 871.185475 kN

Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 56.188 kN

Ha = 18.729 kN < 435.59 kN
UNIT 8002

By Joseph E. Bowles

L = length of pile


2.70 2.70 0.50 21000000 0.0000 16250.00 0.75 0.002 2.50
4.60 1.90 0.50 21000000 0.0001 11000.00 0.75 0.005 5.52
silt
15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0023 17500.00 0.75 0.025 27.35
UNIT 8002
5.6 300 mm Driven Pile Compression Capacity Computation
(Bore Hole 3)
Type m m kN/m
3
Mg/m
3
kN/m
3
% - kN/m
2
kN/m
3
- kN/m
3
kN/m
3
Loose, Fine to medium greyish

2.70 2.70 9.81 1.687 16.55 30.90 2.67 0.00 12.64 1.07 17.72 7.91
sand
12.00 7.40 9.81 1.699 16.67 22.90 2.67 0.00 13.56 0.93 18.29 8.48
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.798 17.64 25.00 2.67 0.00 14.11 0.86 18.64 8.83

Type m m - ˚ - - -
2.70 2.70 9 29.00 16.44 9.00 13.24
sand
12.00 7.40 20 33.00 26.09 38.64 26.17

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 28 35.00 33.30 9.00 37.15

Type m m m m 2
m2
2.70 2.70 0.300 0.07 2.54
sand
12.00 7.40 0.300 0.07 6.97

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.300 0.07 2.83

Type 2 3 2 2
Loose, Fine to medium
2.7 2.7 0.00 0.00 0.52 21.75 0.40 2.70 7.91 21.35 21.35
greyish sand
medium Dense sand 15 3.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 26.25 0.49 3.00 8.83 26.48 122.84
UNIT 8002
Type 2 2
2.70 2.70 4.39 11.17 11.17 351.08 24.82 35.98
sand
medium Dense sand 15.00 3.00 25.83 73.04 237.53 4089.95 289.10 526.63

m kN kN kN
2.70 11.17 24.82 3.00 2.00 16.13
4.60 23.42 34.95 3.00 2.00 25.28
12.00 164.49 177.72 3.00 2.00 143.69
15.00 237.53 289.10 3.00 2.00 223.73

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
2.70 35.98 2.5 14.39
4.60 58.37 2.5 23.35
12.00 342.21 2.5 136.88
15.00 526.63 2.5 210.65

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)

BH 3

Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN kN
2.70 2.70 11.17 11.17 25 4.77 4.77 15.94 4.00 3.98
sand
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 73.04 237.53 25 26.51 60.61 298.14 4.00 74.54
UNIT 8002
By MJ Tomlinson
Ha = 101.56 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
Z = π(D 4 ) / 32D = 0.0026507 m3

Ha = 50.78 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0026507 m3

= 1.8T = 3.1609 m (from Equation 6.34)
0.2
E = 21000000 kN/m 2
4
I = π(D ) / 64 = 0.0003976 m4
3

Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 34.772 kN
Ha = 11.591 kN < 101.558904 kN

Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 8.693 kN

Ha = 2.8977 kN < 50.78 kN
UNIT 8002

By Joseph E. Bowles

L = length of pile


2.70 2.70 0.50 21000000 0.0000 12000.00 0.75 0.000 0.13
greyish sand
4.60 1.90 0.50 21000000 0.0001 11000.00 0.75 0.000 0.36
silt
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0033 21500.00 0.75 0.001 4.76
UNIT 8002
Type m m kN/m
3
Mg/m
3
kN/m
3
% - kN/m
2
kN/m
3
- kN/m
3
kN/m
3

2.70 2.70 9.81 1.687 16.55 30.90 2.67 0.00 12.64 1.07 17.72 7.91
sand
12.00 7.40 9.81 1.699 16.67 22.90 2.67 0.00 13.56 0.93 18.29 8.48
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.798 17.64 25.00 2.67 0.00 14.11 0.86 18.64 8.83

Type m m - ˚ - - -
2.70 2.70 9 29.00 16.44 9.00 13.24
sand
12.00 7.40 20 33.00 26.09 38.64 26.17

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 28 35.00 33.30 9.00 37.15

Type m m m m
2
m
2

2.70 2.70 0.400 0.13 3.39
sand
12.00 7.40 0.400 0.13 9.30

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.400 0.13 3.77

Type 2 3 2 2
2.7 2.7 0.00 0.00 0.52 21.75 0.40 2.70 7.91 21.35 21.35
greyish sand
UNIT 8002
Type 2 2
2.70 2.70 4.39 14.89 14.89 351.08 44.12 59.01
sand

m kN kN kN
2.70 14.89 44.12 3.00 2.00 27.02
4.60 31.22 62.13 3.00 2.00 41.47
12.00 219.32 315.94 3.00 2.00 231.08
15.00 316.70 513.96 3.00 2.00 362.55

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
2.70 59.01 2.5 23.60
4.60 93.35 2.5 37.34
12.00 535.27 2.5 214.11
15.00 830.66 2.5 332.27

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)

Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN kN
2.70 2.70 14.89 14.89 25 8.48 8.48 23.37 4.00 5.84
sand
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 97.38 316.70 25 47.12 107.76 424.46 4.00 106.12
UNIT 8002
by MJ Tomlinson
Ha = 201.18 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
Z = π(D 4 ) / 32D = 0.0062832 m3

Ha = 100.59 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
Z = π(D 4 ) / 32D = 0.0062832 m3

= 1.8T = 3.9789 m (from Equation 6.34)
0.2
E = 21000000 kN/m 2
4
I = π(D ) / 64 = 0.0012566 m4

Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 64.143 kN
Ha = 21.381 kN < 201.181949 kN

Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 16.036 kN

Ha = 5.3452 kN < 100.59 kN
UNIT 8002

By Joseph E. Bowles

L = length of pile


2.70 2.70 0.50 21000000 0.0000 12000.00 0.75 0.000 0.27
greyish sand
4.60 1.90 0.50 21000000 0.0001 11000.00 0.75 0.001 0.70
silt
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0030 21500.00 0.75 0.003 6.33
UNIT 8002
Type m m kN/m 3
Mg/m 3
kN/m 3
% - kN/m 2
kN/m 3
- kN/m 3
kN/m3
2.70 2.70 9.81 1.687 16.55 30.90 2.67 0.00 12.64 1.07 17.72 7.91
sand
12.00 7.40 9.81 1.699 16.67 22.90 2.67 0.00 13.56 0.93 18.29 8.48
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.798 17.64 25.00 2.67 0.00 14.11 0.86 18.64 8.83

Type m m - ˚ - - -
2.70 2.70 9 29.00 16.44 9.00 13.24
sand
12.00 7.40 20 33.00 26.09 38.64 26.17

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 28 35.00 33.30 9.00 37.15

Type m m m m 2
m2
2.70 2.70 0.600 0.28 5.09
sand
12.00 7.40 0.600 0.28 13.95

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.600 0.28 5.65

Type m m - kN/m
2
- ˚ - m kN/m3 kN/m
2
kN/m
2

2.7 2.7 0.00 0.00 0.52 21.75 0.40 2.70 7.91 21.35 21.35
greyish sand
UNIT 8002
Type 2 2
2.70 2.70 4.39 22.33 22.33 351.08 99.26 121.60
sand

m kN kN kN
2.70 22.33 99.26 3.00 2.00 57.08
4.60 46.83 139.80 3.00 2.00 85.51
12.00 328.99 710.87 3.00 2.00 465.10
15.00 475.06 1156.41 3.00 2.00 736.56

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
2.70 121.60 2.5 48.64
4.60 186.63 2.5 74.65
12.00 1039.86 2.5 415.94
15.00 1631.46 2.5 652.59

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)

Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN kN
2.70 2.70 22.33 22.33 25 19.09 19.09 41.42 4.00 10.35
sand
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 146.07 475.06 25 106.03 242.45 717.51 4.00 179.38
UNIT 8002
By MJ Tomlinson
Ha = 519.82 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
Z = π(D 4 ) / 32D = 0.0212058 m3

Ha = 259.91 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
Z = π(D 4 ) / 32D = 0.0212058 m3

= 1.8T = 5.5035 m (from Equation 6.34)
2
E = 21000000 kN/m
I = π(D 4 ) / 64 = 0.0063617 m4

Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 145.71 kN
Ha = 48.569 kN < 519.81819 kN

Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 36.427 kN

Ha = 12.142 kN < 259.91 kN
UNIT 8002

By Joseph E. Bowles

L = length of pile


2.70 2.70 0.50 21000000 0.0000 12000.00 0.75 0.001 0.84
greyish sand
4.60 1.90 0.50 21000000 0.0001 11000.00 0.75 0.002 2.15
silt
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0026 21500.00 0.75 0.011 13.96
UNIT 8002
Type m m kN/m
3
Mg/m
3
kN/m
3
% - kN/m
2
kN/m
3
- kN/m
3
kN/m
3

2.70 2.70 9.81 1.687 16.55 30.90 2.67 0.00 12.64 1.07 17.72 7.91
sand
12.00 7.40 9.81 1.699 16.67 22.90 2.67 0.00 13.56 0.93 18.29 8.48
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 9.81 1.798 17.64 25.00 2.67 0.00 14.11 0.86 18.64 8.83

Type m m - ˚ - - -
2.70 2.70 9 29.00 16.44 9.00 13.24
sand
12.00 7.40 20 33.00 26.09 38.64 26.17

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 28 35.00 33.30 9.00 37.15

Type m m m m 2
m2
2.70 2.70 0.750 0.44 6.36
sand
12.00 7.40 0.750 0.44 17.44

Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.750 0.44 7.07

Type m m - kN/m
2
- ˚ - m kN/m 3
kN/m
2
kN/m
2

2.7 2.7 0.00 0.00 0.52 21.75 0.40 2.70 7.91 21.35 21.35
greyish sand
UNIT 8002
Type 2 2
2.70 2.70 4.39 27.92 27.92 351.08 155.10 183.02
sand

m kN kN kN
2.70 27.92 155.10 3.00 2.00 86.86
4.60 58.54 218.43 3.00 2.00 128.73
12.00 411.23 1110.73 3.00 2.00 692.44
15.00 593.82 1806.89 3.00 2.00 1101.38

m Qu = Qs+Qp SF
2.70 183.02 2.5 73.21
4.60 276.97 2.5 110.79
12.00 1521.97 2.5 608.79
15.00 2400.71 2.5 960.28

Bowles, Eqn 16-5b)

Type m m kN kN kN/m
3
kN kN kN kN
2.70 2.70 27.92 27.92 25 29.82 29.82 57.74 4.00 14.43
sand
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 182.59 593.82 25 165.67 378.83 972.65 4.00 243.16
UNIT 8002
By MJ Tomlinson
Ha = 871.19 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
Z = π(D 4 ) / 32D = 0.0414175 m3

Ha = 435.59 kN
σmax = F y /1.15 = 239130 kN/m 2
4
Z = π(D ) / 32D = 0.0414175 m3

= 1.8T = 6.5791 m (from Equation 6.34)
0.2
E = 21000000 kN/m 2
I = π(D 4 ) / 64 = 0.0155316 m4
3

Hu = y12EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 224.75 kN
Ha = 74.918 kN < 871.185475 kN

Hu = y3EI / (e+z f ) 3 = 56.188 kN

Ha = 18.729 kN < 435.59 kN
UNIT 8002

By Joseph E. Bowles

L = length of pile


2.70 2.70 0.50 21000000 0.0000 12000.00 0.75 0.002 1.62
greyish sand
4.60 1.90 0.50 21000000 0.0001 11000.00 0.75 0.004 4.12
silt
medium Dense sand
15.00 3.00 0.50 21000000 0.0024 21500.00 0.75 0.022 24.66
UNIT 8002
6.0 SUMMARY
From the soil investigation report and capacity checks, the medium dense sand revealed
that between 12.0 – 15.0 m below grade level is better suited to terminate piles.
Resistance values of compressive, tensile, and lateral loads at these depths have been
established for driven Piles.
Engineering analysis carried out on shallow foundations has also been made available in
this report. The capacities of both pad and raft foundations to a maximum width of 3m and
length of 12m have been established to a satisfactory level using the Meyerhof approach.
Bore hole 12 is located in the Chiller Plant/Substation area while boreholes 1, 2 & 3 are
located in the new admin building extension area.
For the new admin building extension area, results for borehole 3 has been adopted being
the most conservative compared to boreholes 1 & 2.

Bearing capacity Summary Table
Location BH Depth (m) B (m) qa (kN/m2)

1.5 94.52
1.0
2 98.98
1.5 111.4
1.2
2 115.06
Chiller Plant/Sub Station Area 12
1.5 137.83
1.5
2 140.00
1.5 176.42
2.0
2.0 177.21
1.5 104.35
1.0
2.0 109.62
1.5 122.8
1.2
2 127.17
New Admin Building/Learning Centre 3
1.5 151.68
1.5
2 154.41
1.5 193.70
2.0
2.0 194.90
UNIT 8002
6.2 Deep Foundation
Pile Capacity Summary Table
BH 12 (Chiller BH 3 (New Admin

Pile Depth Pile Size
Plant/Substation Area) Building/Learning Centre)
(m) (mm)
Compression Compression
(KN) Tension (KN) (KN) Tension (KN)
300 142.79 57.58 136.88 49.65
400 223.11 83.16 214.11 69.99
12
600 432.83 143.88 415.94 116.35
750 633.07 197.8 608.79 156.10
300 218.51 83.03 210.65 74.54
400 344.33 120.04 332.27 106.12
15
600 675.47 208.04 652.59 179.38
750 993.37 286.28 960.28 243.16
UNIT 8002

B-35.408 - Rev A-Calculation of Soil Bearing Capacity

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B-35.408 - Rev A-Calculation of Soil Bearing Capacity

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CALCULATION OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY

FOR ENGINEERING, PROCUREMENT, CONSTRUCTION

IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION /

NLNG PROJECT NO: 11/PDR/142

A 22-09-2015 C.Ekweozor A.Lawal V.Lori Issued for Approval

This document is confidential. The copyright therein is vested in

CALCULATION OF SOIL BEARING CAPACITY

Revision Pages Revised Comments

A Page 12 0f 122 Comments Implemented

IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT

IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT

IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT

• IA Administration Building Extension and learning Center with associated external

IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT

IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT

Below is the list of notations adopted in this report;

As Side surface area of pile

fs Unit skin friction

Hp Total pile settlement

Hpt Point Settlement taking Shaft into Consideration

Hu Ultimate lateral load on pile

I Moment of inertia of cross section of pile shaft

IF Fox embedment factor; 0.55 if L/D<5, 0.5 if L/D > 5

Ks Lateral load factor

L Total length of pile / Length of Foundation

IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT

pu Ultimate traverse load on pile

q Overburden or surcharge pressure at the level of the foundation base

Rc,d Design compressive pile resistance

SPT Standard Penetration Test

SPT Standard Penetration Test

SPT N SPT Blow Count

Tu Ultimate pullout capacity

Ta Allowable pile capacity

tanδ Mobilised friction at the pile-soil interface

V The vertical load

IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT

Ø' Angle of shearing resistance in terms of effective stress

σv average effective stress on the pile shaft

µ Poisson’s ratio = 0.35

α The inclination of the foundation base to the horizontal

α1 A constant for normally consolidated sand = 0.14

α2 Compressibility index = 1.71/N1.4

α3 Correction for influence depth = 1 (for normally consolidated sand)

IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT

BS 5930 Code of Practice for Soil Investigations

EN 1997-1 Code of Practice for Geotechnical Design

3.2 Company’s Specifications

DEP 34.11.00.12 (April 1987) Geotechnical and Foundation Engineering

DEP 34.11.00.10 Gen (Dec 1999) Site Investigations

IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT

4.1.2 Soil Stratigraphy

4.1.3 Soil Properties

Table 4.2: Average Soil property parameters for Borehole 12

IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT

4.1.4 Ground Water Level

IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT

IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT

Substation and Chiller Plant Area (Borehole 12)

Computation for Ultimate Bearing Capacity (Qult)

IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT

w = moisture content = 24.8 %

IA ADMINISTRATION BUILDING EXTENSION / LEARNING CENTRE PROJECT

In cohesive soil, Rb;d = Qb = Nc cu Ab

Cohesive soil, Rs;d = Qs = α cu As