C13-review

1 Element X is a non-metal used in the treatment of the water supply.

It is made during the electrolysis of a metal salt.
What is the colour of X and at which electrode is it made?

2 A piece of magnesium ribbon is added to dilute hydrochloric acid at 20 °C.

The mixture starts to fizz and the temperature rises to 32°C.
The fizzing then stops and the temperature slowly decreases until it reaches 20 °C. The
temperature then remains constant.
Which statement is correct?
A. The reaction is endothermic.
B. The reaction is exothermic.
C. There is an endothermic reaction followed by an exothermic reaction.
D. There is an exothermic reaction followed by an endothermic reaction.

3 Limestone chips react with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Which change decreases the speed of the reaction?
A. adding a catalyst
B. decreasing the temperature
C. increasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid
D. using limestone powder

4 In which reaction is a metal oxide being reduced?

A. copper oxide + hydrochloric acid → copper chloride + water
B. iron(II) oxide + oxygen → iron(III) oxide
C. lead oxide + carbon → lead + carbon dioxide
D. zinc oxide + sulfuric acid → zinc sulfate + water

5 What are the products of the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and copper carbonate?
A copper chloride + carbon dioxide + water
 B copper chloride + hydrogen carbonate
C copper oxide + carbon dioxide + water
D copper oxide + chlorine + water

6 The electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chlorides, between inert electrodes, is used to make
four important chemicals.

Hydrogen

Chlorine

Sodium hydroxide

Sodium chlorate(I)

a. The ions present in the electrolyte are Na+, H+, Cl- and OH-
i. Hydrogen ions are discharged at the negative electrode (cathode)
Write an equation for this reaction.
ii. When a dilute solution of sodium chloride is used. Chlorine is not formed at the positive
electrode (anode), a different gas is produced. Name this gas and write an equation for
forming this gas
iii. State an example of an inert electrode.
b. State the test for hydrogen
Test: …………………..
Result:………………………….
c. Sodium chlorate(I) is made by the reaction between chlorine and sodium hydroxide. It is used as
bleach but over time it decomposes.
2NaClO(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + O2(g)
The rate of decomposition can be studied using the apparatus shown below (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1

How could you measure the rate of decomposition of sodium chlorate(I)?

7 (a) A scientist analyses solution Q using chromatography.

She thinks that it contains cobalt ions, Co2+, copper ions, Cu2+, and nickel ions, Ni2+.
She places a sample of solution Q and samples of solutions containing Co2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ ions onto a
piece of chromatography paper.
The chromatogram she obtains is shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

(i) State which metal ions are present in solution Q.

.....................................................................................................................................
(ii) Calculate the Rf value for the copper ions (Cu2+).
Show your working.
Rf value = ..................................................
(b) The electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride is shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

(i) Complete Fig. by adding the labels anode, cathode and electrolyte
(ii) One of the products of this electrolysis is chlorine gas.
Identify the two other products.
1. .......................................................................................................................................
 2. .......................................................................................................................................
(iii) Describe a chemical test for chlorine gas and state the positive result.
test ....................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
result .................................................................................................................................

8 When metal carbonates are heated, carbon dioxide gas is formed.

A student compares the rates of reaction when three different metal carbonates are heated.
She uses the apparatus shown in Fig. 4 to measure the volume of carbon dioxide formed.

Fig. 4
(a) State one variable that must be kept constant if the rates of the three reactions are to be compared in
a fair way.
(b) The graph in Fig. 5 shows how the volume of carbon dioxide changes with time when the three
metal carbonates are heated.
 Fig. 5
(i) Name the carbonate which forms carbon dioxide at the highest rate.
(ii) Use the graph in Fig. 5 to find the volume of carbon dioxide formed by heating strontium
carbonate for four minutes.
................................................... cm3
(c) Describe how hydrochloric acid and limewater are used to show that carbonate ions are present in
calcium carbonate.
(d) The reaction between sodium and chlorine is exothermic.
Sodium chloride is formed in this reaction.
(i) State what is meant by exothermic.
Use ideas about energy transformations in your answer.
(ii) Suggest one substance that reacts safely with dilute hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride.
(e) Copper is also extracted by heating copper oxide with carbon.
The word equation for the reaction is:
carbon + copper oxide copper + carbon dioxide
Name the reducing agent in this redox reaction.