AMERICAN PERIOD
Oman – Guardian of the (Persian) Gulf.
American soldiers – teachers
Thomasites – first formal teachers
Parity Rights – bill trade act
Tydings-McDuffie Law – 10 years
transition that Phil will gain
independence.
Jones Law/Philippine Autonomy Act
- Bicameralism
- Phil Independence (in
Preamble of Jones Law)
Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act
- partial free trade
Simmons-Underwood Tariff Act
- full free trade
William McKinley – president
Benevolent Assimilation
GOVERNOR GENERALS:
Wesley Merritt – first American
governor general during military gov’t
Elwell Otis – second governor general
Arthur Mc Arthur – third and last
Howard Taft – first governor general
during civil gov’t
William Francis Murphy – last
governor general
ASIAN HISTORY
NOTABLE LANDFORMS:
Pamir – Roof of the World
Himalaya – longest/highest mountain in
Asia
Mt. Everest – world’s highest mountain
- House of Snow
Tibet – world’s highest plateau
Indonesia – world’s largest archipelago
NOTABLE WATERFORMS
Huang He River – China’s Sorrow
Caspian Sea – world’s largest
lake/inland sea
Lake Baikal – world’s deepest lake
Yangtze River – longest River in Asia
NOTABLE COUNTRIES:
Lebanon – Land of the Cedars
Bahrain – means two seas
China – Zhongguo (Middle Kingdom)
Hong Kong – fragrant harbor
Gobi Desert (Mongolia) – world’s coldest
desert.
Mt. Ararat (Armenia) – Noah’s ark came
to rest after the flood
Kazakhstan – world’s largest landlocked
country.
Kyrgyzstan – Land of the Forty Tribes
EVOLUTION OF MAN
Homo Habilis – Man of Skill / Handy
Man
Homo Erectus – Upright man
of
Homo Sapiens – same size of skull to
modern humans
Neanderthal – appeared during Ice Age
in Europe
Homo Sapiens Sapiens – fully
developed homo sapiens
PALEOLITHIC PERIOD
Lived a nomadic life.
Living off hunting and gathering food
Use of fire (important discovery)
NEOLITHIC PERIOD
Lived in permanent constructions and in
groups.
Learned to sharpen and to make use of
tools.
Agriculture (important discovery)
TIGRIS-EUPHRATES CIVILIZATION
AKKADIAN
BABYLONIAN – known under the rule of
Hammurabi
HITTITES – first to use iron to their
weapons in warfare
ASSYRIAN – most brute and ferocious
rule enforcement
SUMERIAN – cuneiform (first writing
system)
- first to create bronze and wheels
- lunar calendar, developed
sexagesimal system (base 60)
CHALDEAN – Nebuchadnezzar (greatest
ruler)
- Hanging Gardens (one of the 7
wonders of Ancient world).
 - stargazers of Babylon
PERSIAN – Cyrus the Great, Darius the
Great
Zoroastrianism – Persia’s official
religion (Zoroaster)
PHOENICIAN – Great merchants of the
Ancient World.
HEBREW – introduced monotheism
Torah – first five books of Hebrew
bible.
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
ARYANS – first nomads to occupy Indus
VEDA - meaning “knowledge,” (RIG,
YAJUR, SAMA, ATHARVA)
- consist of four collections of
prayers, oration, and ritual guidelines.
RIG VEDA - Indian sacred hymns
UPANISHAD - Indian sacred texts
PANCHATANTRA - Collection of Indian
fables
MAHABHARATA - Longest epic of the
world
KALIDASA - Indian Shakespeare
BHAGAVAD GITA - Songs for God
CASTE SYSTEM - a class structure that
is determined by birth.
Untouchables – beggars / lowest
BRAHMINS – Priest and Scholars
KSHATRIYA – Warriors/army
VAISHYA – merchants and farmers
SUDRA – artisans
HUANG HE-YANGTZE
SHANG – oracle bones
ZHOU (CHOU) – built roads and made
coins
- CONFUCIUS was born
QIN (CHIN) – Great Wall was built
HAN – paper was discovered, silk road
became known
SUI – short-lived dynasty but laid for the
Golden Age of China
SUNG – magnetic compass, paper
printing, gun powder
YUAN – Kublai Khan successfully invaded
China
JAPANESE CIVILIZATION
SHOGUN - hereditary military leaders
who were technically appointed by the
emperor.
SHOGUNATE – tent government
DAIMYO – military governors
SAMURAI – military officials tasked to
serve their lords
BUSHIDO – code of ethics followed by
samurais
RISE OF NATIONALISM
MOHANDAS K. GANDHI
Also known as MAHATMA (means Great
Soul)
AMRITSAR MASSACRE - British troops
opened fire on a peaceful protest in
Amritsar, India, killing hundreds of
unarmed civilians.
SALT ACT – Indian should buy their salt
only from British Government
- Gandhi led for the Salt March
COMMUNIST PARTY – led by Mao Tse-
Tung (The New Democracy)
- Mao created in Mainland China
the People’s Republic of China.
LONG MARCH – military retreat
undertaken by the Red Army of the
communist Party to evade the pursuit of
Kuomintang (12500 km-long march)
SUN YAT-SEN – Three Principle of the
People
WORLD WAR II (ASIA AND PACIFIC)
Q: Immediate cause of the WW2 in the
Pacific
A: Bombing of Pearl Harbor – 12-7-
1941
Q: Events ended the WW2
A: Bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
LITTLE BOY – atomic bomb dropped on
Hiroshima
FAT MAN - atomic bomb dropped on
Nagasaki
POTSDAM DECLARATION – called for
the surrender of all Japanese armed
forces
V-J DAY (Victory over Japan Day) – day
on which Japan surrendered, ending the
war.
COLD WAR IN ASIA
A tension between superpowers USA and
Soviet Union
Competition of technology and alliances
KOREAN WAR OF 1950-1953
38TH PARALLEL – dividing line b/n
Korean Peninsula, creating two Koreans.
NORTH KOREA – communist (occupied
by Soviet Union)
SOUTH KOREA – democratic (occupied
by USA)
Korean Armistice Agreement -
agreement resulted in the cease-fire of the
Korean War.
VIETNAM WAR
17TH PARALLEL – dividing line
(established by 1954 Geneva Accord) b/n
Vietnam.
NORTH VIETNAM – communist led by HO
CHI MINH (means He who enlightens).
Father of Vietnam Independence.
SOUTH VIETNAM – democratic led by
NGO DINH DIEM
RELIGIONS IN ASIA
HINDUISM – world’s oldest religion
- believes in reincarnation and
karma
Brahma – creates the universe
Vishnu – preserves the universe
Shiva – destroys the universe
BUDDHISM
Four Noble Truths - the truth of
suffering, the truth of the cause of
suffering, the truth of the end of suffering,
and the truth of the path that leads to the
end of suffering.
Eightfold Path – guide to the right
thoughts and actions of man
Nirvana – state of ultimate happiness
ISLAM (founded by Muhammad)
Allah – Supreme God
Quran – Holy Book
CHRISTIANITY
Jesus – Son of God “anointed one”
Bible – Holy Book
JUDAISM
Abraham (father of Judaism)
- monotheistic religion, believing
in one God.
SIKHISM (founded by Guru Nanak) –
5k’s
Kesh (uncut hair)- strength and holiness
Kara (steel bracelet) – connection with
Guru
Kanga (wooden comb) – clean mind and
body
Kaccha (cotton underwear)
Kirpan (steel sword) – God/defense for
the poor
SHINTOISM (ethnic religion of Japanese)
Kami – spirits or phenomena that are
worshipped
JAINISM
THREE PRINCIPLES:
Ahimsa – non-violence
Anekantavada – non-absolutism
Aparigraha – non-attachment
(SOME) REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN)
Jakarta Indonesia (headquarters)
to accelerate economic growth, social
progress and cultural development in the
region
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
(APEC)
Singapore (headquarters)
to leverage the growing interdependence
of the Asia-Pacific.
Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC)
Vienna, Austria (headquarters)
to coordinate the petroleum policies of its
members and to provide member states
with technical and economic aid.