AIR CONDITIONING COURSE

MEP 471

LECTURE (7&8)

COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS

Dr. Hamdy Ahmed Abotaleb

hamdy.abotaleb@yahoo.com
COURSE CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Psychrometric chart

 Duct Design & Air Distribution

 Cooling load Calculations

 Heating load Calculations

 HVAC Systems

 Chilled Water System Design

 Project

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS MAIN TOPICS:
1. Mention ten points to be taken into
consideration to estimate the cooling load of a
building?
2. Classify the main categories of cooling load?
3. Suggest four methods to decrease the heat gain
from glazing in a building?

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS

• A building survey will help us achieve a

realistic estimate of thermal loads:
– Orientation of the building
– Use of spaces
– Physical dimensions of spaces
– Ceiling height
– Construction materials
– Surrounding conditions
– Windows, doors, stairways

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS

• Building survey (cont’d)

– People (number or density, duration of
occupancy, nature of activity)
– Lighting (W/m2, type)
– Appliances (wattage, location, usage)
– Ventilation (criteria, requirements)
– Thermal storage (if any)
– Continuous or intermittent operation

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
Sensible Latent
Load Load
a External Loads
a.1 Roof and Walls √
a.2 Ceiling and partitions √
a.3 Windows (glazing) √
b Internal Loads
b.1 People √ √
b.2 Light √
b.3 Appliances √ √
Σ RSCL RLCL
c Fresh Air
c.1 Ventilation √ √
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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
Solar Heat Gain during the day and night

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
Solar Heat Gain during the day and night

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS

1,2,3. External Wall, Roof and Glass

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
1,2,3. External Wall, Roof and Glass

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
1,2,3. External Wall, Roof and Glass

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS

1,2,3. External Wall, Roof and Glass

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS

1,2,3. External Wall, Roof and Glass

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
1,2,3. External Wall, Roof and Glass

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
1,2,3. External Wall, Roof and Glass

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
1,2,3. External Wall, Roof and Glass
How to decrease the load: by adding insulation

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
4. Solar Radiation thru Glass

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If not clearly mentioned, assume CLF=1.0
COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
4. Solar Radiation thru Glass

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
4. Solar Radiation thru Glass

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
4. Solar Radiation thru Glass

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 COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
5, 6, 7. External loads thru Partitions, Floors and Ceiling

If there is no data available, take U=0.2 BTU/hr.ft2.F for partitions,

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floors and ceiling
Also, Tunconditoined = Tamb – 5 deg Cel.
COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
8. Internal Lighting Load

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If not clearly mentioned, assume CLF=1.0
COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
8. Internal Lighting Load

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
9. Internal People Load

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If not clearly mentioned, assume CLF=1.0

COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
10. Internal Equipment Loads

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If not clearly mentioned, assume CLF=1.0

 COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
10. Internal Equipment Loads

Multiply by
3.4 in case
of using
Watts; for 32
conversion
to Btu/hr
 COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
11. Fresh Air Load

Do not use
infiltration
in case of
having 33
ventilation
air
COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
11. Fresh Air Load

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
Summation Load Sheet
Load Sensible (BTU/hr) Latent (BTU/hr)
1 Wall -
2 Roof -
3 Glass -
4 Solar -
5 Partitions -
6 Ceiling -
7 Floor -
8 Light -
9 People
10 Equip/Appliances
Room Load (BTU/hr) RSCL RLCL
Room Total Load (TR) RTCL=RSCL+RLCL
11 Fresh Air
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Cooling Coil Load (BTU/hr) FA Sens. FA Lat.
Total Cooling Coil Load (TR) RTCL+(FA Sens. + FA Lat.)
COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
Summation Load Sheet
Room

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COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS

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SPACE COOLING LOAD – TEMPLATE
Assumptions:
Cairo, Lat. 32o Oudoor Air: 40oC Indoor Air: 24oC
Supply Air: 13oC ∆W = 30 g. Jul. 15:00
COP=2.5 Av. Yearly = 2500 hrs 24 hrs operation
0.4 EGP/kW.hr Wall: Type D Roof: No.6
Single Clear Glass Light: 2.5 W/ft2 People: 7m2/Person

Sensible Load (Btu/hr) Latent Load (Btu/hr)

1. Wall
A x U x CLTDc
------- x -------- x ------
------- x -------- x ------
------- x -------- x ------
------- x -------- x ------
2. Roof
------- x -------- x ------
3. Glass Conduction
------- x -------- x ------
------- x -------- x ------
------- x -------- x ------
------- x -------- x ------
4. Glass Solar
A x SHGF x SC x CLF
----- x ------ x ----- x ------
----- x ------ x ----- x ------
----- x ------ x ----- x ------
----- x ------ x ----- x ------
5. Partition
A x U x ∆T
------- x -------- x ------
6. Ceiling
------- x -------- x ------
7. Floor
------- x -------- x ------
8. Lighting
3.4 x W x BF x CLF
----- x ------ x ----- x ------
9. People
No. x q
------- x --------
------- x --------

10. Equipment / Appliances

------- x --------
------- x --------
------- x --------
------- x --------
------- x --------
------- x --------

11. Ventilation Air

Subtotal
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1.1 x CFM x ∆ T
------- x -------- x ------
0.68 x CFM x ∆ W
------- x -------- x ------
Total
TUTORIAL (7) - QUESTIONS:
For all questions, assume that (unless otherwise mentioned):
 Location: Cairo

 Latitude: ~32o N

 Weather conditions: DB/WB 40oC/28oC

 Indoor conditions is 24oC and 50% RH

 Air conditioning systems work for 24 hours (CLF=1)

 The air supply temperature is 13oC

 Use August 14:00 timing; unless otherwise is

mentioned
 COP=2.5=Heat Gain/Electrical Power Added

 Assume that the average working hours on peak load

is 3000 hours per year
 Assume electrical power costs 0.4 EGP/kW.hr
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 For Glass, assume it single and clear
TUTORIAL (7) - QUESTIONS:
1. Calculate the heat gain in Watts from an eastern
type D wall of 8m x 3m.
2. Repeat the above calculation incase of adding
insulation of 13 hr.ft2.F/BTU thermal resistance
 What is the yearly saving in energy saving incase
of working at this load for average 3000hrs/year
 What is the money saving for 5 years, considering
COP of 2.5 and 0.4 EGP/kW.hr
 What is the maximum price per square meter of
the insulation to have accepted economics?
3. Repeat problem 1, with wall facing north?
4. Calculate the heat gain from roof of 8m x 6m (Roof
No. 3), assume July 15:00?
5. If a shadow is intended to be installed above the40
previous roof; what is then the decrease in heat gain
thru this roof?
TUTORIAL (7) - QUESTIONS:
6. It is intended to make a glass elevation of a building
having 20m width and 12m in height:
 Which is better to make it facing south or west?

For the best exposure:

 It is proposed to have double clear glazing instead
of single, what is the heat gain decrease?
 Repeat the problem after adding a light blind
interior shade
 For both cases calculate the yearly money saving
incase of 2000 hrs yearly average, 0.4 EGP/kW.hr
and COP=2.4

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TUTORIAL (7) - QUESTIONS:
7. An office area of 18m x 10m and 3m. in height,
includes 20 employees, with all relevant equipment,
the lighting density is around 2.5 W/ft2 (Fluorescent):
 Calculate the lighting load

 Calculate the people load

 Calculate the equipment load

 Calculate the infiltration load for average

construction
 Now if it is decided to have fresh air, what is the
ventilation sensible and latent load?
 Compare between the above load in a table

 What is the yearly saving in EGP if the new LED

lighting is used reducing the power to one third? 42
TUTORIAL (7) - QUESTIONS:
8. Construct an Excel sheet that could be used for space detailed
cooling load calculations (shown below is just for numbering
scheme) Load Sensible (BTU/hr) Latent (BTU/hr)
1 Wall -
2 Roof -
3 Glass -
4 Solar -
5 Partitions -
6 Ceiling -
7 Floor -
8 Light -
9 People
10 Equip/Appliances
Room Load (BTU/hr) RSCL RLCL
Room Total Load (TR) RTCL=RSCL+RLCL
11 Fresh Air
Cooling Coil Load (BTU/hr) FA Sens. FA Lat. 43

Total Cooling Coil Load

RTCL+(FA Sens. + FA Lat.)
(TR)
TUTORIAL (8) - QUESTIONS:
Assumptions:
Cairo, Lat. 32o Oudoor Air: 40oC Indoor Air: 24oC
Supply Air: 13oC ∆W = 30 g. Jul. 15:00
COP=2.5 Av. Yearly = 2500 hrs 24 hrs operation
0.4 EGP/kW.hr Wall: Type D Roof: No.6
Single Clear Glass Light: 2.5 W/ft2 People: 7m2/Person

Sensible Load (Btu/hr) Latent Load (Btu/hr)

1. Wall
A x U x CLTDc
------- x -------- x ------
------- x -------- x ------
------- x -------- x ------
------- x -------- x ------
2. Roof
------- x -------- x ------
3. Glass Conduction
------- x -------- x ------
------- x -------- x ------
------- x -------- x ------
------- x -------- x ------
4. Glass Solar
A x SHGF x SC x CLF
----- x ------ x ----- x ------
----- x ------ x ----- x ------
----- x ------ x ----- x ------
----- x ------ x ----- x ------
5. Partition
A x U x ∆T
------- x -------- x ------
6. Ceiling
------- x -------- x ------
7. Floor
------- x -------- x ------
8. Lighting
3.4 x W x BF x CLF
----- x ------ x ----- x ------
9. People
No. x q
------- x --------
------- x --------

10. Equipment / Appliances

------- x --------
------- x --------
------- x --------
------- x --------
------- x --------
------- x --------

11. Ventilation Air

Subtotal
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1.1 x CFM x ∆ T
------- x -------- x ------
0.68 x CFM x ∆ W
------- x -------- x ------
Total
COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
Summation Load Sheet
Room

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TUTORIAL (8) - QUESTIONS: 3laptops + 2copy
1. For the following plan (fourth machine+ 1coffee
floor in six stories building), machine
make reasonable assumptions
and find:
 The room sensible and latent
load and RSHF using the
cooling load calculation sheet
 The ventilation sensible and
latent load using the cooling
load calculation sheet
 The air conditioning machine
capacity in TR
 The air conditioning machine
supply air in CFM
 Find the rates m2/TR and
CFM/TR
 What is the load of greatest
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percentage, discuss how to
lower its value.
 TUTORIAL (8) - QUESTIONS: 5laptops + 2copy
2. For the following plan (single machine+ 1coffee
floor), make reasonable machine
assumptions and find:
 The room sensible and latent
load and RSHF using the
cooling load calculation sheet.
 The ventilation sensible and
latent load using the cooling
load calculation sheet
 The air conditioning machine
capacity in TR
 The air conditioning machine
supply air in CFM
 Find the rates m2/TR and
CFM/TR
 What is the load of greatest
percentage, discuss how to 47
lower its value.
 TUTORIAL (8) - QUESTIONS:
3. For the following plan, make reasonable assumptions
and find (ground floor over basement in a four stories
building). Assume 20 laptops and 3 coffee makers. Find:
 The room sensible and latent load using the cooling
load calculation sheet, and RSHF
 The ventilation sensible and latent load using the
cooling load calculation sheet
 The air conditioning machine capacity in TR
 The air conditioning machine supply air in CFM
 Find the rates m2/TR and CFM/TR
 What is the load of greatest percentage, discuss how
to lower its value.
 Estimate the annual bill based on 2500hrs/year
 Suggest methods to decrease the cooling load 10% 48
TUTORIAL (8) - QUESTIONS:

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PROJECT 2/2

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CASE STUDY
For the shown single floor plan, it is desired to install an
air conditioning unit in the garage to serve the rest areas.
Garage, closet and bath shall be ventilated based on
6ACH, while the rest shall be maintained at 220C. You
are asked to:
1. Make a ventilation proposal and find out the suitable
fan type, CFM, static and fan power.
2. Find out the AC machine TR and CFM, using load
calculation sheets
3. Make a simple duct distribution for the AC machine
and ventilation
4. Draw the process on pschrometric chart
5. Find out all the duct sizes and outlet sizes for the
above
6. Estimate the fan power of AC machine; considering 51
400Pa internal pressure drop.
Assume any missing data reasonably
COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS

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 References:
• ASHRAE Applications Handbook (SI), 1999
• Carrier Handbooks
• ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170-2008: Ventilation of Health Care Facilities.
• 2011 ASHRAE Handbook -HVAC Application (SI)-Health care Facilities.
• ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.
• ASHRAE SP-1 Committee, HVAC Design Manual for Hospitals and Clinics.
• Engineering Guide-Price Critical Environments-Hospital Operation Rooms
• Guidelines for Prevention TB - Centers for Disease Control & Prevention
• Indoor Quality Solution – Stationary Engineers
• SPC Heat Pipe Presentation
• NC STATE UNIVERSITY - MECHANICAL & AEROSPACE ENGINEERING-
MAE – 406 - Douglas L. Gunnell, P.E., PEM, CEM - Gunnell Engineering
Services - Clemmons, NC, 2010-3
• AuditAC training package
• Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, by EE IIT, Kharagpur, India, 2008
• Presentations by Students, Graduated on 2014
• HVAC Made Easy: A Guide to Heating & Cooling Load Estimation, PDH Online
| PDH Center, Instructor: A. Bhatia, B.E. 53
• Cooling and Heating Load Estimation, by Trane
Thank
You