MATHEMATICS IN THE

MODERN WORLD

By:
Arlene M. Leron
 LESSON #1
MATHEMATICS
IN OUR WORLD
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to
perform the following tasks:

1. Identify patterns in nature and regularities in the

world
2. Give the characteristics and nature of
mathematics.
3. Articulate the importance of mathematics in one’s
life.
4. Express appreciation for mathematics as a human
endeavor.
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to
perform the following tasks:

1. Identify patterns in nature and regularities in

the world
2. Give the characteristics and nature of
mathematics.
3. Articulate the importance of mathematics in one’s
life.
4. Express appreciation for mathematics as a human
endeavor.
 Patterns and Numbers in
Nature and the World
In general sense of the word,
patterns are regular, repeated
forms or designs.
We see patterns everyday – from
the layout of floor tiles, designs of
skycrapers to the way we tie our
shoelaces.
 Patterns and Numbers in
Nature and the World
Studying patterns help students
in identifying relationships and
finding logical connections to
form generalization and make
predictions.
 Patterns and Numbers in
Nature and the World
Patterns indicate a sense of
structure and organization that it
seems only humans are capable of
producing these intricate, creative,
amazing formations.
 Patterns and Numbers in
Nature and the World
It is from this perspective that some
people see an “intelligent design” in
the way that nature forms.
Snowflakes and Honeycombs
Recall the symmetry indicates that
you can draw an imaginary line
across an object and the resulting
parts are mirror images of each
other.
BUTTERFLY
The butterfly is
symmetrical
about an axis and
note that the left
and right portions
are exactly the
same.
This type of symmetry is known as
line or bilateral symmetry. It is
evident in most animals, including
humans.
Leonardo da
Vinci’s Vitruvian
Man is an
example of
bilateral
symmetry.
Another type of
symmetry is called
rotational symmetry.
For example, If you
rotates Gerdenia Crape
Jasmine by several
degree, you can still
achieve the appearance
as the original position
The smallest angles that a figure
can be rotated while still preserving
the original formation is called
angle of rotation.
A more common way of describing
rotational symmetrical is by order
of rotation.
To compute for the angle of
rotation, we use the formula:
360°
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
𝑛

Note: 𝑛 is the order of rotation also

known as 𝑛 -fold rotational
symmetry.
The Gerdenia Crape Jasmine has
an order of rotation of five. To
compute for the angle of rotation:

360° 360°
= = 72°
𝑛 5
 Snowflakes
Determine the order of rotation and
angle of rotation of the snow flake.
 Honeycombs
Another marvel of nature’s design is
the structure and shape of a
honeycomb. It is observed that a
hexagonal formation enables the
bee colony to maximize their
storage of honey using the smallest
amount of wax.
Honeycombs
This is known as
packing problems.
It involve finding the
optimum method of
filling up a given
space such as a
cubic or spherical
container.
 Sunflower
Another example of how nature
works to optimize available space
is the arrangement of sunflower
seeds to occupy the flower head in
a way that maximizes their access
of light and necessary nutrients.
SUNFLOWER
Notice the
pattern of
clockwise and
counterclockwise
spirals extending
outward from the
center of the
flower.
 Tiger’s Stripes and
Hyena’s Spots
Patterns are also exhibited in the
external appearances of animals.
The tiger’s stripes looks distinctive
reddish-orange fur and dark stripes
while hyena’s are covered in pattern
of spots.
Tiger’s Stripes and
Hyena’s Spots
 Tiger’s Stripes and
Hyena’s Spots
According to Alan Turing’s theory,
the stripes and spots are made by
chemical reactions and diffusion
processes in cells in determining the
growth patterns in the animals.
Patterns of blotches
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to
perform the following tasks:

1. Identify patterns in nature and regularities in the

world
2. Give the characteristics and nature of
mathematics.
3. Articulate the importance of mathematics in one’s
life.
4. Express appreciation for mathematics as a human
endeavor.
 What is Mathematics?

-Mathêma “that which is learnt” derived from

“manthano”, and modern Greek “mathaino”
which means “to learn”

- “The science of structure, order, and relations that

has evolved from elemental practices of counting,
measuring, and describing the shapes and
characteristics of objects”. (Encyclopedia
Britannica)
 Logical
Classification Structure
Sequence

Characteristics Precision &

Generalization of Accuracy
Mathematics

Mathematical
Applicability language & Abstractness
symbolism
 Characteristics of Mathematics
➢Classification
generates a series of
mental relations
through which objects
are grouped according
to similarities and
differences depending
on specific criteria
such as shape, color,
size, etc.
 Characteristics of Mathematics
➢Logical Sequence -
ideas in mathematics
need to flow in an order
that makes sense. It
means that each step can
be derived logically from
the preceding steps.
 Characteristics of Mathematics

➢Structure- the structure on a particular

mathematical set will allow mathematicians to
study the set further and find its relationship
with other objects.
 Characteristics of
Mathematics

➢Precision and
Accuracy – Accuracy is
how close a measured
value is to the actual
(true) value. It is the
degree to which a given
quantity is correct and
free from error. Precision,
is how close the
measured valued values
are to each other.
 Characteristics of Mathematics

➢Abstractness- is the process of extracting the

underlying essence of a mathematical concept by
taking away any dependence on real-world objects.
 Characteristics of
Mathematics

➢Symbolism – This
language is uniquely
constructed in such a way
that all mathematicians
understand symbolic
notations and mathematical
formulas.
 Characteristics of
Mathematics

➢Applicability- The
applicability of
mathematics can lie
anywhere on a spectrum
from the completely
simple (trivial) to the
utterly complex
(mysterious).
 Characteristics of Mathematics

➢Generalizations – The process of finding and

singling out in a whole class of similar objects.
 A science of A tool subject
measures

An intellectual Nature of An intuitive

game Mathematics method

The art of A system of

drawing logical
conclusions procedure
 Nature of Mathematics
➢A science of
measures- it is an
activity that involves
interaction with a
concrete system with
the aim of
representing aspects
of that system in
abstract terms of
“concrete” implies
“real”.
 Nature of Mathematics

➢Intellectual game-
mathematics requires
visual imagery. Games
and mathematics both
require a strong dose
of patience, restraint,
and concentration.
 Nature of Mathematics

➢The art of drawing

conclusions- Being able to
reason is essential to
understanding
mathematics. Reasoning is
a way to use mathematical
knowledge and to generate
and solidify new
mathematical ideas.
 Nature of Mathematics

➢A tool subject –
mathematics undeniably
a highly powerful
instrument of
investigation.
Mathematics is applied
in the fields of
engineering, life
sciences, industry, and
business.
 Nature of Mathematics

➢A system of logical
procedure – Problem
solving is a skill which
can enhance our logical
reasoning.
 Nature of Mathematics

➢An intuitive method –

mathematics also
requires the use of
intuition, the ability to
see what is reasonable
or not and the ability to
put all these together.
“Those laws of nature are within the grasp
of the human mind; God wanted us to
recognize them by creating us after his own
image so that we could share his own
thoughts”
- Johannes Kepler