THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES OF

THE 3RD YEAR CUSTOMS STUDENTS OF DMMACSP

 INTRODUCTION

Social networks have many advantages in learning as they provide wide

access to information and information resources, reduce barriers to group

interaction and telecommunications, support collaborative learning activities,

encourage learners to learn more about self-learning, increase engagement and

learner’s motivation, enhance engagement of learners with each other and their

teachers and support active and social learning (Błachnio, Przepiorka, & Pantic,

2016). In general, the emergence of new technologies such as internet and

social networks, in addition to providing opportunities in facilitating and improving

the quality of global communications, has created some threats. When the use of

social networks is managed poorly, they can have negative consequences at the

individual and social levels (Ebrahimpour et al., 2016). Social networking

addiction is one of the consequences that many social network users may

experience. Thus, the extensive use of social networks is a new form of soft

addiction that most students are hooked today, wherein their academic learning

process are affected in certain degree (Guedes et al., 2016).

Social media act as an online communications channels dedicated to

community-based input, interaction, content sharing and teamwork. Social media

is becoming an essential part of life online as social websites and applications

proliferate. Social media is the one of the most important components which

helps in connecting the people, the evolution of the internet made the life of

people easy and simple (Kolan & Dzandza, 2018). Today, communication is as

easy as walking into a neighbor’s residence to deliver a piece of information or

vice versa using social media. Social media is fast changing the public discourse

in the society and is setting trends and agenda in topics that ranges from the

environment and politics to technology and the entertainment industry. The

driving factors for adoption of social media are the progressively ubiquitous

access, convenience, functionality, and flexibility of social technologies. These

factors have made the adoption of social media very easy (Mensah & Nizam,

2016).

In the Philippines, Filipino students’ academic performance can be

affected by level of the students’ compliance to school requirements such as

projects, assignments, attendance and recitation. It can be further affected by

students‟ distractions such as peers, personality type, level of students’ interest

to the subject and other outside factors like computer gaming and engaging on

various SNS. Students use SNS like Facebook for the purpose of exchanging

ideas with others and asking about the topics they were discussed during class

by creating group chats. With this, the grades of the students will not decrease or

become lower because they use SNS for academic purpose. On the other hand,

some students use SNS for chatting with others to play games online and finding

some friends. Using SNS for these purposes, student’s grades will become lower

because they waste their time in playing games online instead of studying their

lessons and instead of using SNS for academic purpose (Cabral et al., 2016).

There is paucity of study in Davao City concerning the effect or impact of

social media usage to the academic performance of the students in the tertiary

level. This study will attempt to fill the existing gap on the literature within the
context of Davao City, particularly the extent of how social media usage will

affect the academic performance of the students, particularly the 3 rd year

customs students of DMMACSP.

Statement of the Problem

The study will be conducted to determine the impact of social media to the

academic performances of the 3rd year customs students of DMMACSP.

Specifically, it will seek answers from the following queries:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

2. What is the level of impact of social media to the academic

performances of the 3rd year customs students of DMMACSP in terms of:

1.1 Study activity

1.2 Class participation

1.3 Interaction

3. Is there a significant difference on the impact of social media to the

academic performances of the 3rd year customs students of DMMACSP when

they are grouped by age and sex?

Hypothesis

The null hypothesis is formulated and will be tested at the level of

significance of 0.05 stated as follow:

H0: There is no significant difference on the impact of social media to the

academic performances of the 3rd year customs students of DMMACSP when

they are grouped by age and sex.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

The study is anchored to social learning theory developed by Bandura

(1971). It is a theory of learning process and social behavior which proposes that

new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others. It states that

learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur

purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor

reproduction or direct reinforcement. Within Bandura's framework for social

learning plays a vital role (Freudenberg, Cameron, & Brimble, 2010); an

individual's beliefs about the impact he/she can have upon the world is

paramount to realizing that impact. In terms of social learning, students are more

likely to exhaust resources toward achieving a social outcome if they believe in

their own capacity to achieve that outcome.

For social learning to occur, students must exchange knowledge in an

interactive environment. In a traditional classroom, however, students still remain

isolated from other students, experts, parents, and the community since social

learning requires interaction. Without a platform for interaction, students find

themselves critically evaluating the cost and benefit of classroom engagement.

Since classroom engagement is a factor in overall achievement and learning,

traditional classroom experiences create barriers against the social learning

context. It is difficult for students to imitate learning when interaction is limited or

completely absent between key roles groups (Mourlam, 2013).

 Variable
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO
THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES
OF THE 3RD YEAR CUSTOMS
STUDENTS OF DMMACSP

- Study activity

- Class participation

- Interaction

Moderator Variable

- Age
- Sex

Figure 1. The Conceptual Framework of the Study

Significance of the Study

The study will be significant to the following:

School Administrators. The result of the study may serve as the basis of

the school administrators to provide enough notice to the students not to

overindulge in social media, instead, they (the students) should take time

researching online related to their respective lessons. Social media might be

useful in some ways but it could be damaging to the learning process, especially

if it usurp the time allotted for study.

DMMA Instructors. The outcome of the study may serve as the basis of

the DMMA instructors to utilize the social media in their online learning process,

particularly in giving assignments as well as open communication to the students

in case they have some inquiries concerning the lessons; thus, utilizing such

communication platform to the advantage of academic excellence.

DMMA Students. The findings of the study may serve as the basis of the

students to lessen their time in using social media and devote more lf their time

studying online and researching academically to augment their knowledge and

know-how.

Future Researchers. The result of the study will serve as the basis of the

future researchers to pursue another study, particularly factors influencing

students to devote more time on their studies and seek academic excellence.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study is limited in a sense that it would only determine the impact of

social media to the academic performances of the 3rd year customs students of
DMMACSP in Davao City. The study would be confined only within the DMMA

community, particularly 3rd year customs students. Its context is only within the

atmosphere of DMMA in Davao City, which can be replicated by other schools

and cities but the result is guaranteed to be totally different because of the

context of the place. The study will be conducted during the month of February

2022.

Definition of Terms

The terms used in the study are defined operationally as follows:

Academic Performances. This refers to the outcome of the learning of 3 rd

year customs students of DMMA in Davao City, particularly manifested through

their quizzes, assignments, and exams.

Class Participation. This refers to the students’ interaction in their online

classes, particularly in asking questions and answering questions as well as

sharing their own ideas to the class.

Impact of Social Media. This refers to the effect of social media usage to

the academic performances of the 3 rd year customs students of DMMA in Davao

City.

Interaction. This refers to the communication that takes place between

social media friends and the students about almost everything.

Study Activity. This refers to the time allotted by the students in learning

their lessons and anything related to their studies at their given specific personal

time.
Literature Review

Presented in this section are the literature review quoted from various

sources such as books, magazines, journals, Internet articles and other literary

sources.

Social media is that means that employs mobile and web based

technology to create highly interactive platforms via which individuals and

community share, co-create, discuss and modifies user-generated content.

Social media is a phrase being tossed around a lot. It is a website that does not

just give you information but interact with you while giving you information. It is a

group of internet based application that allows the creation and exchange of

users generated content. It is easy to confuse social media with social news

because we often refer to members of the news as the media. Adding to it, that

social news site is also social media site. Social media refers to the means of

interaction among people in which they create, share, exchange and comment

among themselves in different networks. Social media is a group of internet

based application that builds on the ideological foundation and allows the

creation and exchange of users-generated content. There has been an increase

in the mobile social media which has created new opportunity for browsing

(Gorhe, 2019).

Social media has the potential to supplant or reorganize the structures of

society while youth has the power to influence the creation, demand, diffuse or

oppose these new social media. It is seen that one's social environment plays an

important role in governing the use of media. Social capital and economic
resources are underlying factors that determine the dependence on technology.

Most of the studies focus on a one-dimensional effect of technology on youth

mostly in terms of its negative aspects. This brings about an incomplete picture

of the use of social media in the lives of its users. As we live in a network society,

using social media does not remain a choice but an unavoidable reality. Factors

like dual careers of parents, a demanding educational system, changing ethical

perspectives, changing family outlook, rising standard of living have contributed

to the dependence on social media. This proves that social media cannot be

considered as the prime cause of change in youth behavior but can in fact be

seen as an effect of the above mentioned factors (Hasnain, Nasreen, & Ijaz,

2015).

The current college students are considered as digital natives, in the age

of the digital world. They are more exposed to modern day’s digital technology

that has made possible the vast connection between friends and family members

all over the world through mobile phone, internet and mainly social networking

sites like facebook, Instagram, Youtube and twitter etc. the college students are

more capable of adapting to the digital medium and so they are called as digital

natives. Information is Knowledge and knowledge is power. People all identify

this saying but few understand the empowering part social media has played

(Badria et al., 2017).

In recent times social media sites have become a part of daily routine

especially for the youth. Majority of the youth are shifting rapidly from electronic

media to the social media, as can be observed significantly the last years, the
number of youth using social media portal has increased dramatically. According

to a recent poll, 22% of teenagers' log on to their favorite social media site more

than 10 times a day, and more than half of adolescents log on to a social media

site more than once a day. According to the latest research 75% of teenagers

own mobile phones, and 25% use them for social media, 54% use them for

texting, and 24% use them for instant messaging. From the above research one

can conclude that a large part of this generation’s social and emotional

development is taking place on social media (Mushtaq, 2018).

All around the world, online web-based media characterized as electronic

devices that permit clients to interface with one another here and there by

sharing data, suppositions, information and interests on the web, is forming

human cooperations variedly. At first web-based media was utilized for making

on the web companions, creating connections, business contacts and

communicating with worldwide masses. As of late, it is utilized to assemble

youths for social causes also. Late advances in Information Technology propose

that the present society is going through a communicational revolution.

Accordingly, the methods for correspondence among understudies and with their

individuals from family, companions, friends and teachers are facing rapid and

vigorous changes and will probably continue in the near future (Smith and

Anderson, 2018)..

The internet is more than just a means of searching information. It tends to

be utilized to interface with others for business or business purposes, to make

new companions, or to bring back old companions and tragically missing family
members. The most recent illustration of new correspondence innovation

generally utilized by understudies is web-based media, otherwise called Social

Networking Sites. The development of social media simplified the process,

because they do not call for advanced internet knowledge or experience, and are

made up of a wide array of different formats and topics. This means that anyone

can connect through social media (Sudha and Kavitha, 2016).

The use of social media has grown rapidly in recent years. Workers are

not the only ones using it. There is a sharp increase in the use of social media by

students or the educational society. Social Networking Sites such as Facebook is

one of the latest examples of communication technologies that have been widely

studied. They have the potential to become an essential resource to support their

educational communications and collaborations with faculty. If social media is

used in a positive way, it can help students and young people gain knowledge

that can be used to improve their academic performances. Positive practices of

social media increase student’s social intelligence and those negative practices

make them materialistic and addicted to bad things (Raut and Patil, 2016).

On the internet, students engage in a variety of activities some of which

may be potentially addictive. The mass appeal of social media on the internet

could be a cause for concern, particularly when attending to the gradually

increasing amount of time students spend online. Undergraduates spend more

time on Facebook, Twitter and other social media through smartphones that are

now in abundance among these youths. Many student cannot go for two-three

hours without checking and updating their profiles on these social networks even
at the detriment of other activities such as educational and career pursuit. Social

media addiction is the excessive use of the internet and the failure to control this

usage which seriously harms a person’s life (JohnKaviarasu, Mary, & Jai Dinesh,

2019).

There seem to be an alarming rate of social networking obsession among

students today; a trend that could affect their academic, social and spiritual lives

negatively if not properly controlled. Many concerned parents have expressed

grave concern that they could hardly get the attention of their children and wards,

as they seem to have been carried away by the fascinating world of social

networks. Some youths are such social freaks that they have now carved out for

themselves a world of fantasy and illusion for detached from reality. If the

dangerous trend of social media network obsession left unchecked, it could

further affect an already collapsing education system in Nigeria. The reason

students are performing poorly in school these days might not be farfetched.

While poor quality of lecturers can quickly take the blame, one might think harder

if the phrase “Facebook frenzy” has not been heard of. It is a common sight to

see a youth chatting in sensitive and highly organized places like church,

mosque and lecture venues. Some are so carried away that even as they are

walking along the high way, they keep chatting. Attention has been shifted from

visible to invisible friends, while important ventures like study and writing are

affected in the process (Kolan & Dzandza, 2018).

It has been observed in recent times that students have unlimited access

to the internet as well as the social media. Students connect with computer to
send and receive information’s anywhere on the globe. The manufacturing and

distribution of equally sophisticated cellular phones has complicated the situation,

as students no longer need to visit a cybercafé before they send and receive

messages. Some schools are so equipped that there is internet connection made

available within the school premises as well as in the library. Online Wikipedia

and blogs are the main resource centers for students as attention have been

shifted from making research in the library to overall dependence on theses

social platforms. It is a common thing to see a student reading in the library and

putting the books aside on hearing the sound of a ping on the phone (Mensah &

Nizam, 2016).

The improved usage of Websites has become a worldwide phenomenon

for quite some time. What began out as being a hobby for several computer

literate people has converted to a social norm and existence-style for individuals

from around the globe. Teens and teenagers have especially recognized these

internet sites to be able to contact their peers, share information, reinvent their

personas, and showcase their social lives. While using the increase of

technology helpful for getting together with others along with the recognition on

the internet, Internet sites are now being an activity that's done mainly on the

web (Guedes et al., 2016).

Social media users often time experience poor performance academically.

Similarly, social media is negatively associated with academic performance of

student and is a lot more momentous than its advantages. Internet addiction

consequently gave rise in internet usage within the last couple of decades.
Addicted users prefer using internet setting back their personal and professional

responsibilities which ultimately leads to poor academic performance. In the

same vein, social media users devoted lesser time to their studies in comparison

to nonusers did and subsequently had lower GPAs; among various unique

distractions of every single generation, Social media remains a major distraction

of current generation (Mushtaq, 2018).

The cited literature above provided a clearer perspective of the study at

hand; it has important bearings in determining the impact of social media to the

academic performances of the 3rd year customs students of DMMACSP.

 METHODOLOGY

Presented in this section are the discussions on research design, research

locale, respondents, research instrument, data gathering procedure, and

statistical treatment of the data.

Research Design

The researchers will use the descriptive survey research design for the

study. As emphasized by Rofianto (2011), descriptive survey research design

uses a structured questionnaire given to a sample of a population which is

designed to elicit specific information from respondents. The researcher

observes actual behavior as it occurs and does not attempt to manipulate the

phenomenon being observed but merely records what takes place. Thus,

descriptive method will be the appropriate research design in determining the

impact of social media to the academic performances of the 3rd year customs

students of DMMACSP.

Research Locale

The study will take place within the City limits of Davao City, particularly, in

a technical sense within the school campus of DMMACSP; however, considering

the pandemic status, study will be conducted online using the Google form.

DMMA College of Southern Philippines was established in October 1993 which

was then known as Davao Merchant Marine Academy. Within 5.2-hectare land

boasts of several important infrastructures: the five-storey Castañeda Building,

two (2) three-storey Maritime Building for Marine Transportation and Marine
Figure 2. Map of DMMACSP
Engineering Department housed with training laboratory spaces, two-storey Deck

and Engine Simulator Building equipped with latest modern equipments and

training workstations, IMO-standard swimming pool constructed with Replica of

Seamanship Deck, the two-storey Culinary Arts Center Building, three-storey in-

housed scholars Dormitory Building, learning-friendly classrooms and other

amenities that ensures quality education for all students.

Respondents

The respondents of this study will be the 3rd year customs students of

DMMACSP in Davao City, particularly those who are actively enrolled this school

year 2021-2022. The researchers will use convenience sampling method,

wherein the willing respondents, particularly those students who are willing to

participate in the study will be taken as respondents and willing to fill-up the

questionnaire voluntarily. The research subjects who express their willingness to

answer the questionnaires immediately will be assisted in answering the given

survey questionnaires during the conduct of the study. The study will be

conducted during the month of February 2022

Research Instrument

The study will use an adapted questionnaire from the study of Cabral et al.

(2016). The preliminary draft will be forwarded to the research adviser for

possible comments and suggestions, and then it will be forwarded to the panel of

experts for reliability and validity evaluation. The survey questionnaire will be

divided into two parts. The first part will be the demographic profile of the
respondents consisting of age and sex. The second part will be designed to

gauge the level of impact of social media to the academic performances of the

3rd year customs students of DMMACSP through indicators, study activity, class

participation, and interaction.

In evaluating the responses, the following scale will be used:

Level Rating Scale Descriptive Interpretation

Rating
The impact of social media to the
5 4.20 – 5.00 Strongly Agree academic performances is very high.

The impact of social media to the

4 3.40 – 4.19 Agree academic performances is high.

The impact of social media to the

3 2.60 – 3.39 Moderately academic performances is moderate.
Agree
The impact of social media to the
2 1.80 – 2.59 Disagree academic performances is low.

Strongly The impact of social media to the

1 1.00 – 1.79
Disagree academic performances is very low

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following statistical tools were used in the computation of data:

Frequency Count & Percentage. This will be used in determining the

numbers of respondents and their percentile based on their demographic profile.

Mean. This will be used to determine the level of impact of social media to

the academic performances of the 3rd year customs students of DMMACSP

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). This will be used in determining the

significant difference on the level of impact of social media to the academic

performances of the 3rd year customs students of DMMACSP when analyzed by

age.

T-test. This will be used in determining the significant difference on the

level of impact of social media to the academic performances of the 3rd year

customs students of DMMACSP when analyzed by sex.

Ethical Consideration

In conducting the study, the researcher will ensure and follow ethical

considerations. The researchers will secure permission from the research

department of DMMACSP. The researchers ensured that participants will not be

subjected to any harm at all. The researchers respected the dignity so as the

privacy of the participants. Participants were rest assured that anonymity will be

given. Before gathering the data, informed consent will be given to the

participants. Participation in the study will be voluntary and shall be based by the

autonomous decision of the participants to sign the consent.

The researchers will explain the purpose of the study, the nature of the

study, the right to refuse participation, the right to withdraw anytime from

participating from the study, the right to privacy and confidentiality, and the risks

and benefits of the study before asking them to sign the informed consent.

Participant’s confidentiality will be observed regarding the use of audio

recordings during interviews, and the data will be handled with care and stored

securely.
 References

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Badria, M., Nuaimi, A., Guang, J. & Rashedi, A. (2017). School performance,
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Błachnio, A., Przepiorka, A., & Pantic, I. (2016). Association between Facebook
addiction, self-esteem and life satisfaction: a cross-sectional study.
Computers in Human Behavior, 55(1), 701–705.

Cabral, A.A.P., Gonda, J.V., Suayan, J.Q., Manalo, R.G., Mendoza, V.A.M., and
Escabel, E.B. (2016). Effects of social media to academic performance.
College of Criminology Research Journal, 7(1), 21-34.

Ebrahimpour, A., Rajabali, F., Yazdanfar, F., Azarbad, R., Nodeh, M.R., Siamian,
H. (2016). Social network sites as educational factors. Acta Informatica
Medica, 24(2):134.

Freudenberg, B., Cameron, C., & Brimble, M. (2010). The importance of self:
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Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332110622.

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(2016). Internet addiction and excessive social networks use: what about
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performance of students in Ghanaian Universities: A case study of
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THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES OF
THE 3RD YEAR CUSTOMS STUDENTS OF DMMACSP

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Respondents,

The researchers are customs students of DMMACSP; we are investigating

the “Impact of Social Media to the Academic Performances of the 3RD Year
Customs Students of DMMACSP”.

. The survey is absolutely anonymous and will be used only for this
research. Your participations on this matter will be treated with outmost
confidentiality.

Your participation is highly appreciated. We sincerely thank you for your

collaboration.

Respectfully Yours,

The Researchers

PART 1: RESPONDENTS PROFILE

Name (Optional): _________________________________________________

Age: ( ) 18-21 ( ) 22-25 ( ) 26-29 ( ) 30 and above

Sex: ( ) Male ( ) Female

PART 2: IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES
OF THE 3RD YEAR CUSTOMS STUDENTS OF DMMACSP

5 – Very High 4 – High 3 –Moderate2 – Low 1 –Very Low

No
Study Activity 5 4 3 2 1
.
The time for studying my lesson is lessen due
1
to the excessive usage of social media
It minimizes my participation in spiritual and
2
moral activities in school.
My vision blurs due to radiation which affects
3
my reading capability.
It reduces my concentration span during
4
classroom discussion due to lack of sleep
My study habits has changed due to lack of
5
interest and spends my time using SNS

No
Class Participation 5 4 3 2 1
.
Instead of attending minor subjects, I spend my
1
time on using SNS
During class recitation, I suffer from loss of
2
memory
I cannot pass my after class discussion quiz due
3
to spending my time using SNS during class.
The comments and suggestions of my friends
4
online motivate me to study well
It is easier to develop academic projects and
5 assignments due to collaboration with others
using SNS.

(Reversed Scoring)
No
Interaction 5 4 3 2 1
.
It is easy to obtain information when I cannot
1
understand our topic.
I gain more friends who help me to improve my
2
knowledge.
It helps me in exchanging ideas with others and
3 asking about the topics we have discussed
during class.
Group chats made studying easier because of
4
pool of information is light mode.
 Because of the easy access to information, I can
5 save a lot of time than using traditional method of
gathering information.

Thank you!

Source:
Cabral, A.A.P., Gonda, J.V., Suayan, J.Q., Manalo, R.G., Mendoza, V.A.M., and
Escabel, E.B. (2016). Effects of social media to academic performance.
College of Criminology Research Journal, 7(1), 21-34.