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A) everything / somebody / anything C) everything / everybody / anything

B) everybody / somebody / anybody D) somebody / nobody / something
24. It is very quiet in the office today. There i s ___ here.___is on holiday.
A) nobody / Everybody C) nobody / All of them
B) anybody / Everybody D) somebody / Nothing
25. Is there___in the room?
A)anybody C) somebody
B) someone D) nobody
26. This is our new teacher, just started work today.
A) that C) which he
B) who he D) who
27. “Who did you send a Valentine’s card to?”
“I am not telling you, but it was someone___name begins with B”
A) which C) whose
B) who her D) whose her
28. “Have you seen Jason Green’s latest film?”
“Is that the one in ___joins the FBI?”
A) which he C) whom he
B) that he D) which
29. She is one of the few people to ___I can really talk.
A) which C) that
B) whom D)who
30. This is not___book. It must be
A) my / yours C) his / her
B )your/ she D) yours / mine

PREPOSITIONS

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

Preposition Use Example

At with clock times and at nine o ’clock, at 6.35
points of time in the day at midnight, at noon, at dawn, at lunchtime, at night

with holiday periods at Christmas, at Easter, at Ramadan

in some phrases at the weekend/at weekends, at the moment, at present, at

the time, at the beginning, at the end, at last, at times
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In with the main parts of in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
the day

with years, months, in 2011, in March, in (the) winter, in the twentieth

seasons and centuries century

for things that will in an hour, in a couple o f minutes, in a week, in a moment

happen at the end of the
period mentioned

On with dates and specific on 8 August, on Tuesday, on Fridays, on weekdays,

days on New Year s Day, on Christmas Day, on Wednesday
morning, on a fine day, on the day o f arrival

By means ‘before or not We mustfinish by Monday.

later than the point in time
mentioned’

Until means up to the point in I ’ll be at the library until noon.

time mentioned’

During means ‘from the He worked as a waiter during the summer. (= all
beginning to the end of a through the summer) She fell asleep during the lecture. (=
period in time’ or ‘at some at some point in
point in a period in time’ the lecture)

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

Preposition Use Example

At - shows an exact position There was a huge queue at the bus stop.
or particular place where
sb/sth is or where sth is
appenng

- in some phrases at the top/bottom, at the corner, at the crossroads, at

home, at school, at work at Brenda s, at the wedding/funeral,
at the end o f the wad, at 18 Hill Street, at the door, at the
North Pole

In - at a point within an area No running is allowed in the building. I ’m in the living

or a space; into sth (e.g. a room. The photos are in that box over there. We arrived in
container) the US on Wednesday. (But; We arrived at the station at six.)

- in some phrases in an armchair, in bed, in the centre, in the country, in

the world, in hospital, in prison, in the centre o f town, in the
north/south, in the middle, in the sky, in town, in London/
Europe, in Hill Street (but at 18 Hill Street)

On - touching or forming part The laptop’s on my desk.

of a surface There was a porti~ait o f her on the wall.
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- in some phrases on the beach, on an island, on the coast, on board, on

a cruise, on an excursion, on a trip, on a tour, on Earth, on
a stool, on a farm, on a mountain, on the radio, on TV, on
page 3, on the pavement, on a screen, on top o f sth, on the
corner, on the left/right, on the secondfloor

Under at a lower level than sth or The dog hid under the bed.
covered by sth She was holding a purse under her arm.

Over above or higher than sth, You can hang that painting over the sofa.
without touching it

Above in a higher position than sth They live in the apartment above ours.
else
Near only a short distance from Do you live near here?
sb or sth
next to close to sb or sth, with She sat next to her husband.
nothing in between

Beside next to or very close to the Come and sit beside me.
side of sb or sth

By beside or near sth She stood by the window.

in front o f further forward than sb or He sits in fro n t o f me at school.

sth
Behind at or towards the back of sb She hid behind the door.
or sth
between in or through the space that He sat between Nick and Amanda.
separates two things, people
or places
Among in or through the middle of We saw a small hut among the trees.
a group of people or things

opposite facing sb or sth There s an Internet cafe opposite the library.

PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT

Preposition Use Example

Into Towards the inside or inner part of sth She came into the room.
I saw him going into the shop.
Get back into bed.

Onto Moving to a position on a surface, He walked onto the stage.

area or object

out o f Away from the inside of sth Get out o f my room!

He walked out o f the office.

To Towards/in the direction of sb/sth I returned to England last month. I’m going
to Room 3 for a seminar.
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From Starting at a particular place or What time did he come home from school?
position
towards Moving, looking, facing, etc. in the He noticed two policemen coming towards
direction of sb/sth him. All the windows face towards the river.
Up Towards a higher place or position Let’s walk up the hill.

Down Towards a lower place or position She fell down the stairs.

Over From one side of sth to the other side The man jumped over the fence.
of it

Along From one place on sth such as a line, They were driving along Willow Road.
road or edge towards the other end
of it

Across From one side of sth to the other He swam across the river.

through Into one side or end of an entrance, The burglars must have got in through the
passage, hole, etc. and out of the other window.
side or end
Past Up to and beyond a person or place, She walked right past me.
without stopping

O ff Down or away from a place I fell o ff my bike.

The boy jumped offbxs bed.

PREPOSITIONS
1. Wreckage from the plane was scattered_____a wide area.
A) over B) from C) on D) at
2. The toilet is straight_____ that door, then_____ the stairs on the left.
A) through / up B) opposite / from C) next to / over D) across / down
3. He shared his property_____ his daughter and his sister.
A) among B) between C) amongst D) within
4. She was standing laughing_____a crowd of fans.
A) among B) between C) within D) next to
5. She got married_____ her childhood sweetheart.
A) - B) with C) at D) to
6. I dreamt ___ _ you last night.
A) with B) off C) about D) for
7. Sometimes I dream_____ running away to a farm.
A) - B) about C) of D) on
8 .1 was in hospital____two w eeks_____ the semester.
A) for / during B) for / for C) since / in D) since / during
9. Turkey has entered_____ a new trade agreement with Germany.
A) to B) with C) - D) into
10. When I entered____ the room everybody was speaking loudly.
A) - B) into C) to D) in
11. You can borrow my dictionary, but I must have it back_____Monday.
A) by B) until C) till D) to
12. If you are_____the North Pole, every direction is south.
A) against B) in C) on D) at
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13. They moved the chair because It w as_____ their way.

A) at B) on C) off D) in
14. We drove about_____ taxis all day.
A) by B) in C) on D) with
15. They may have com e_____an earlier train.
A) on B) by C) with D) in
16. ___ Denmark, teachers are_____ the best-paid workers.
A) At / between B) In / among C) In / between D) In / in
17. His efforts resulted _ _ _ success.
A) in B) for C) from D) with
18. His illness resulted_____ bad food.
A) in B) from C) with D) for
19. Wrap your scarf_____ your neck to keep warm.
A) of B) with C) at D) around
20. The car had been left_____the side of the road.
A) on B) with C) at D) in
21. He’s sitting_____ the front of the car.
A) at B) on C) over D) in
22. They found it_____the bottom of the sea.
A) at B) in C) on D) upon
23. The museum will be open_____ half past eight______ five o’clock.
A) at / to B) from / till C) till / at D) of / until
24. As the boxer realized he was getting_____ the end of the round he started to relax.
A) ahead of B) at C) away from D) towards
25. Break this chocolate_____pieces and share i t _____ all the children.
A) to / among B) into / among C) into / between D) off / to
26. He lives_____a village_____ the hills.
A) in / beneath B) at / under C) on / in D) below / with
27. If you’re sure he’ll be back_____then, I’ll wait, thank you.
A) until B) till C) to D) by
28. The rider fell_____ his horse as it was jumping_____ a stream.
A) from / through B) off / over C) out of / on D) of / from
2 9 .1 w as___ work when thieves broke_____ our house.
A) in / in B) at / in C) on / to D) at / into
30. A: Which way do you have to go if you travel_____ air?
B: You go _ _ _ _ Bahrain.
A) on / through B) by / via C) by / to D) by means of / through

REPORTED SPEECH

Reported Speech: Tense and Modal Changes

We use reported speech when we want to say what someone else said, e.g. Jason said he was going to
buy a new pair o f trainers.
If the reporting verb is in the past (e.g. said), we usually have to change the tense of what the person
actually said.