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    The document summarizes the key aspects of the introduction to psychology discussed in Chapter 1. It outlines that psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, with origins tracing back to ancient Greece. A long-standing debate in psychology is between the nature and nurture perspectives on whether human capabilities are inborn or developed through experience and environment. The beginnings of modern scientific psychology emerged in the late 19th century with Wundt establishing the first experimental laboratory and using introspection, though this method proved problematic.

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    The document summarizes the key aspects of the introduction to psychology discussed in Chapter 1. It outlines that psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, with origins tracing back to ancient Greece. A long-standing debate in psychology is between the nature and nurture perspectives on whether human capabilities are inborn or developed through experience and environment. The beginnings of modern scientific psychology emerged in the late 19th century with Wundt establishing the first experimental laboratory and using introspection, though this method proved problematic.

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    7 views2 pages

    Psychology Book Notes

    Uploaded by

    Lili
    The document summarizes the key aspects of the introduction to psychology discussed in Chapter 1. It outlines that psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, with origins tracing back to ancient Greece. A long-standing debate in psychology is between the nature and nurture perspectives on whether human capabilities are inborn or developed through experience and environment. The beginnings of modern scientific psychology emerged in the late 19th century with Wundt establishing the first experimental laboratory and using introspection, though this method proved problematic.

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    Book 1: Introdutction to Psychology-

    Atkinson and Hillgard

    Chapter 1.: The nature of psychology

     Definition: the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes.

    - touches many aspects of our lives, influences law and public policy
    - to evaluate new psychological claims, we need to know the already firmly
    established facts and the standards for scientific evidence
    - the scope of psychology is broad (many topics, eg.:face recognition, social
    judgement, memory, obesity, violence, etc.)

     The historical origins:

    - can be traced back to ancient Greece


    - Socrates, Plato, Aristotlefundamental questions about life
    - dealt with the nature of the mind and mental processescognitive
    perspective
    - dealt with the nature of the body and behaviourbiological perspective

    - Nature-Nurture debate:

    - one of earliest debates, still on today


    - are human capabilities inborn or acquired?

    - nature view: humans: inborn store of knowledgeearly


    philosophers: it’s accessible through introspection
    - Descartes (17th century): nature view some ideas are innate, eg.:the
    self, God, geometric axioms, perfection, infinity
    - Descartes: body as a machinet o be studied as other machines
    root of modern perspectives on the mind

    - nurture view: knowledge acquired through experiences, interaction


    - John Locke (17th century): at birth the human mind is tabula rasa
    (blank slate)experience „writes” knowledge
    - origin of associationist psychology: no inborn ideas, thy enter
    through senses, become associated through similarity and contrast
    - related to current research on memory and learning
    - today: more nuanced approach, both views combined shape a
    human being

    - The beginnigs of scientific psychology:

    - from late 19th century


    - Wilhelm Wundt: first laboratory (Leipzig)
    - mind, behaviour can be subjects of scientific analysis
    - used introspection
    - Definition of itrospection: observing and recording the nature of
    one’s own perceptions, thoughts and feelings.
    - had to be suplemented by experiments
    - used varied stimulus and used the introspective method to
    determine the participant’s experience of the stimulus
    - proved unworkable
    - different people, different conclusions

    - Structuralism and functionalism:


    - 19th century

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