Assignment # 2

Total Marks: 20
Semester: SPRING 2023 Due Date:
General Science (GSC101) 15th July, 2022

Question-1 (Marks=3+3+4=10)
1) Can we say that addition and substitution reactions have any impact on single,
double and triple bonds? If yes, then justify it with example and if no, explain with
scientific reason

Assignment # 2
Total Marks: 20
Semester: SPRING 2023 Due Date:
General Science (GSC101) 15th July, 2022
 Yes, both addition and negotiation responses can have an impact on single, double, and
triadic bonds. Addition responses involve the addition of one or further species to a
reactant patch, performing in the conformation of new bonds. They generally do in
unsaturated composites, similar as motes with double or triadic bonds. In these responses,
the pi bonds (double or triadic bonds) are broken, and new sigma bonds are formed. For
illustration, let's consider the addition of hydrogen(H2) to ethane(C2H4), an alkene with a
double bond C2H4 H2 → C2H6
in this response, the double bond in ethane is broken, and two new sigma bonds are
formed between the carbon tittles and the hydrogen tittles. The performing product is
ethane, which has only single bonds. Negotiation responses, on the other hand, involve
the relief of a snippet or a group of tittles in a patch with a different snippet or group.
Negotiation responses can also do in motes with single, double, or triadic bonds,
depending on the specific response conditions and reactants involved. For illustration,
consider the negotiation response of methane(CH4) with chlorine(Cl2)
CH4 Cl2 → CH3Cl HCl
in this response, one of the hydrogen tittles in methane is substituted by a chlorine
snippet, performing in the conformation of chloromethane(CH3Cl). Although methane
has only single bonds, the negotiation response still impacts the patch by replacing one of
the hydrogen tittles with a chlorine snippet. thus, both addition and negotiation responses
can have an impact on single, double, and triadic bonds, leading to the conformation of
new bonds or the relief of being tittles or groups in a patch.
2) Discus chemical bonding of Alloy Steel
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 Alloy steel is a kind of steel that has been alloyed with elements such as molybdenum,
manganese, nickel, chromium, vanadium, silicon, and boron. In an ocean of electrons,
metallic bonding is a positive particle. Each metal iota is thought to donate a few of its
valence electrons to the grid, with the final objective of giving metal cores a positive
charge. This unrestricted metallic holding is recognized to be accountable for a metal's
overall properties: pliability, malleability, conductivity to heat, and power.
3) Name the natural sources of the given acids

Citric acid lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruits, and pineapples

Oxalic acid Spinach, rhubarb, tomatoes, almonds, cashews

Lactic acid Yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, kefir, and sour milk

Tartaric acid Tamarind, bananas, grapes

Question-2
(Marks=2+8=10)
Answer the following questions about the diagram given below:

1) Identify the given diagram?

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Answer: plant cell

2) Identify the structures labeled I, II, III, IV and discuss the main function of each one.

Answer:

Structure name Main function

I Golgi Apparatus to process and bundle macromolecules like proteins and

lipids as they are synthesized within the cell.
II Endoplasmic Smooth ER is responsible for the synthesis of essential
reticulum lipids such as phospholipids and cholesterol.
It is also responsible for the metabolism
of carbohydrates Rough ER is to protein synthesis, and
folding
III Plastid 1. Chloroplasts are mostly used in photosynthesis.
2. Chloroplasts are responsible for the distinctive colors
of flowers and fruits.
3. They help to attract insects and numerous vectors for
pollination and fruit dissemination.
IV Mitochondria makes energy for the cells hence called "power house"