11th Tamil Full Study Materials PDF Download

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- Elapakkam, 9600113368 Page 1 of 52
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 Ks;sptha;f;fhy; mfjpfs; Kfhk;: 1958> Nk khj ,uTg;nghOjpy; xU ehs;. ,df;fytuk; nky;y
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efu;e;J kTz;ytpdpahit mile;Jtpl;lJ. gpuP]; vd;w rpq;fsu; tPl;by; thliff;Ff;
dd dd
FbapUe;j jkpo;f; FLk;gq;fspy; m.Kj;Jypq;fj;jpd; FLk;gKk; xd;W. md;wpuT rpq;fsuhy;
w P
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..P
fhg;ghw;wg;gl;l mtuJ FLk;gk;> kWehs; Ks;sptha;f;fhy; mfjpfs; Kfhkpy; jQ;rk; GFe;jJ.
w w
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ahNuh mzpe;j rl;ilf;Fs; jd;id milj;Jf;nfhz;L> tupirapy;epd;W cztpid
ngw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;jhu; mtu;. ‘,e;j ehis ed;whf Qhgfj;jpy; it. ,JNt> cd; tho;ehspy;
fPo;ikahd ehs;’ vd Fwpj;Jitj;Jf;nfhz;lhu;. ,d;W> gy Njrq;fisf; fle;J
mnkupf;fhtpy; tho;e;J tUfpwhu;.
et
e t eet t
 capu; thOk; jpwik: ,yq;if mfjpfs; Kfhkpy; rpiw itf;fg;gl;l ,isQd; xUtd;>
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.
capu;tho;jNy Kf;fpak; vdf;fUjp mq;fpUe;J jg;gpj;JtpLfpwhd;. jdf;nfd xU Njrj;ij
assaa ssaa ssaa

Nehf;fpr; nrd;w mt;tpisQd;> ghq;fhf;fpYk; rpq;fg;G+upYk; tprh ,y;yhj fhuzj;jpdhy; rpiw
a a
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dda dd a
itf;fg;gLfpwhd;. rpq;fg;G+upy; xd;gJ ehs; tprh ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jjw;fhf xd;gJ gpuk;gbfs;
aa aa
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ngw;Ws;shd;. u\;ahtpd; Gijkzypy; rpf;fp capu; jg;gpa mtd;> mnkupf;fhit
w
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nrd;wilfpwhd;. mq;Fk; mtDf;F rpiw jz;lid. tpLjiyf;Fg;gpd;> 3 Mz;L
wwww wwww
eilgazj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; fdlhit milfpwhd;. ,g;nghOJ mq;F mtu;> fduf thfd
Xl;Leuhf ,Uf;fpwhu;. xU Gjpa ehL fpilj;Jtpl;l re;Njh\k; mtu; Kfj;jpy; njupe;jhYk;>
ai
mfjpahf tho;tjpd; typAk; cld; njupfpwJ.
 Gyk;ngau; ,yf;fpak;: Gyk;ngau;jy; vd;gJ jkpoDf;F xd;Wk; Gjpjp y;iy. rpdk;nfhz;l
eet t al eet t
murdpd; nfhLikfis jhq;fKbahky;> nrhe;j Ciutpl;L Xbatu;fspd; tho;tpid> 2000
l a
l i
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.N l a
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.
assaa s aa
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,j;jifa nfhLikfs;jhd; ele;JtUfpwJ. mjdhy;> gyu; czitj; NjbAk;> cwitj;
a a a a
as
P P add P P add
NjbAk;> jdf;fhd ehl;bidj; NjbAk; capiu ifapy; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L mfjpfshf
a a
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miye;JtUfpwhu;fs;. mt;thW> Gyk;ngau;e;j jkpou;fs; xt;nthUtUk;> jhq;fs; nrd;w
w
ehLfspy; jkpo; kd;wq;fis mikj;J> GjpaGjpa ,yf;fpaq;fis gilj;JtUfpwhu;fs;.
wwww wwww
ad
Gyk;ngau;e;j jkpou;fspd; ,uz;lhk; jiyKiw> jkpio kwe;JtpLthu;fs; vd

Fw;wQ;rhl;lg;gl;l epiyapy;> fzpdpapy; jkpio jtotpl;lhu;fs; mtu;fNs. jw;nghOJ cyf
ehLfspy;> jkpo; gbf;Fk; khztu;fspd; vz;zpf;ifAk;> Gyk;ngau; ,yf;fpa gilg;GfSk;
.P
mjpfupj;Js;sJ.
eet t ee t t
 Mwhk; jpiz: xU ,dj;jpid mopf;f Ntz;Lnkd;why;> mtu;fspd; Ehy;fis mopj;JtpL
l a
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vd;fpwJ /ghud;`Pl; 451 vd;Dk; Ehy;. ,yq;if aho; Ehyfk; mopf;fg;gl;l epiyapy;> jd;
l l a
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.
w
assaa s saa ss aa
,dk; mope;Jtplf;$lhJ vd;gjw;fhf> mfjpahf nrd;w xt;nthU ,yq;ifj; jkpoDk;
ddaa
GjpaGjpa gilg;Gfis gilj;J tUfpwhd;. Itif jpizfisf; fz;l jkpoDf;F gdpAk;
a a aaddaa
P P
w
w w.. P w
w ..
jd;tPLk; jd;ehLk; jd;trg;gLk; vd;w epiyapy; mtu;fs; gazpj;JtUfpwhu;fs;. P
gdprhu;e;j Mwhk; jpiz GjpaJjhd;. MdhYk;> MWkzpf;FUtpNghy; vd;Nwhu; xUehs;>
ePq;fs; nkhopia w
vd;gij tptupwfw
wg;gLj;Jk; epiyapy; Ngr;RnkhopiaAk; vOj;J wwwiwaAk; vt;thW czu;fpwPu;fs;
w
3. ntsp nkhop
;f.
 Kd;Diu: gpwu; fUj;ij ehk; mwpaTk;> ek; fUj;ij gpwu; Gupe;Jnfhs;sTk; Jizahf
,Ug;gJ nkhop. mk;nkhopahdJ khDl vz;zq;fspypUe;J Ngr;rhfTk; vOj;jhfTk;
eet t eet t
ntspg;gLk;nghOJ> Vw;gLk; epfo;Tfisg; gw;wp ,q;F fhz;Nghk;.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a i.iN
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 jput nkhop - Neub nkhop - Ngr;R nkhop:
l la l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa aaddassaa
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
o vOj;Jnkhopiaf; fhl;bYk; Ngr;R nkhop> czu;r;rpf;F kpf mUfpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. vdNtjhd;>
a
vOj;Jtof;if iftpl;Ltpl;L> Ngr;R tof;fpw;Fj; jpUk;gpaTld;> ftpQdpd; ftpijahdJ
w P
..P w
w P
..
mjpf ntspg;ghl;Lr; rf;jp kpf;fjhf khwptpLfpwJ.
w P
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o Kfj;jpypUf;Fk; tha;> clk;gpypUf;Fk; ifiaf; fhl;bYk; czu;r;rp ntspg;ghl;ilj;
njuptpg;gjhf mike;Js;sJ.
o Ngr;R vd;gJ nkhop vd;Dk; ejpapy; ePe;JtJ Nghd;wJ. mJ> clk;gpd; ntspg;ghLfshfj;
Njhd;wp> ek;ik Kd;Ndhf;fpr; nrYj;JfpwJ. mjdhy;jhd;;> NgRtJNghy; vOJtNj
eet t cj;jkk; vd;fpwhu; ghujp.

eet t
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.NN
Pgt, GHSS
.N
wwww ww ww
o
ww
www.CBSEtips.in
Ngr;Rnkhop xUNghJk; goik jl;Ltjpy;iy. mJ Ntw;WnkhopahtJkpy;iy. vg;nghOJk;
capu;g;Gld; ,Ue;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk;. fhyj;jpw;F Vw;g jd;idj;jhNd khw;wpf;nfhs;Sk;
eet t t t
jd;ikAilaJ. NkYk;> jd;idj;jhNd jpwe;Jnfhs;fpd;w Xu; mwpTr;nray;ghL.
ee
lalai .iN
.N
 jpl nkhop - vOj;J nkhop:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
o jput epiyapy;> fPo;g;gbe;J ele;Jnfhs;Sk; Ngr;RnkhopahdJ> vOj;Jnkhopahfg; gjpT
assaa aa a s
a aa
s
aa a s
a aa
s
nra;ag;gLk;nghOJ> ciwe;j Nghd gdpf;fl;bg;Nghd;W> jpl epiyf;F nrd;WtpLfpwJ.
dd dd
o mj;jpl nkhopia> ftpijahf tbf;Fk;nghOJ> ek;kplkpUe;j gpupe;Jnrd;w nghUshfNt
w
w P
.. P ww P
..P
khwptpLfpwJ. cyif fl;bnaOg;gpajhff; fUjg;gLk; Ngr;R nkhopahdJ> vOj;Jnkhopahf
wwww wwww
khWk;nghOJ r%fj;Jldhd njhlu;G mw;Wg;NghfpwJ.
o Ngr;Rnkhopiaf; Nfl;f vjpuhsp vd;fpw xUtu; Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;> vOj;Jnkhop mg;gbad;W.
vOj;Jnkhop vd;gJ jd;idj;jhNd Ngrpf;nfhs;fpd;w Ngr;R.
o nrhw;fisf; nfhz;L ftpij tbf;fpd;wNghJ> Ngr;Rnkhop czu;r;rpfs; epi we;j
et
e t eet t
Nky;Njhy;Nghy; nray;gLk;. Mdhy;> vOj;Jnkhop czu;r;rpfs; mw;w MilNghd;w
lalai.iN
.N nrayhw;Wk;.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa aa aa
 KbTiu: cyif fUj;J tsKilajhf fl;bnaOg;gpaJk; nkhop. mjpy; vOj;Jnkhopiaf;
a ss ass
et
dda dd a
fhl;bYk; Ngr;RnkhopNa ftpijf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; kpfneUf;fkhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ vd;W
aa aa
ww P
..P
$wpdhy; kpifahfhJ.
w
w P
.. P
.N
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V. rhd;Nwhu; rpj;jpuk;
1. jkpopyf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; Gyikf; fjputd; - ,j;njhlupy; Gyikf; fjputd; vd;gjw;F
,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G jUf. (Gyikf; fjputd; - cUtfj; njhlu;)
ai
2. Nkw;fz;l gj;jpapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ctik> cUtfj; njhlu;fisf; fz;lwpf.
 Gyikf; fjputd;
eet t al eet t
- cUtfj; njhlu;.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
 NjDz;Zk; tz;L Nghy;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
- ctikj; njhlu;.
l a
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a .iN
.
3. kPdhl;rp Re;judhu; jyGuhzq;fs; ghLtjpy; rpwe;jtu; - tpilf;Nfw;w tpdhit mikf;f.
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
 kPdhl;rp Re;judhu; vtw;iwg; ghLtjpy; rpwe;jtu;?
P aadd
4. tpsq;fpdhu; - gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; vOJf.
P P Paadd
 tpsq;fpdhu; w
w .. - tpsq;F + ,d; + Mu; ww..
wwww wwww
ad
tpsq;F - gFjp
,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
Mu; - gyu;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
.P
5. gj;jpapy; nkhopKjy; vOj;Jfisf;nfhz;L mike;j nrhw;fSs; vitnait tlnkhopr;

eet t
nrhw;fs; vdr; Rl;Lf.
eet t
l a
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a .iN
.N l a
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.N l a
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.
 Guhzq;fs;> kfh tpj;Jthd;> jyGuhzk;> akf me;jhjp> jpupge;jhjp> fyk;gfk;> Njrpfu;.
w
assaa VI. jkpohf;fk; jUf.

add
a aassaa
1. The pen is mightier than the Sword.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
P P
w
.. P
 thspd; Kidiatpl Ngdhtpd; Kid typikahdJ.
w
w ww.. P
wwww wwww
2. Winners don’t do different things, they do things differently.
w
 ntd;Nwhu;> NtWgl;l nray;fisr; nra;tjpy;iy. mtu;fs;> NtWtpjkhf nra;gtu;fs;.

3. A picture is worth a thousand words.
 xU glk;> Mapuk; thu;j;ijfSf;F rkkhdJ.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lala .iN
.N
4. Work while you work and play while you play.
i l a
l i
a .iN
.
 Ntiy nra;aNtz;ba Neuj;jpy; Ntiy nra;. tpisahl Ntz;ba Neuj;jpy; tpisahL.
assaa  mwpNt cyif MSk;. aa a
dda
5. Knowledge rules the world.ssaa
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
ww P
..P w
w P
.. P
wwww wwww
VII. gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fisj; jopohf;fk; nra;f.
 thlif - Fbf;$yp  uhr;rpak; - Ml;rp> ehL
 rk;gsk; - Cjpak;  khjk; - jpq;fs;
 tprh - EioT ,irT  Qhgfk; - epidT
eet t eet t
Kindly send
.NN
Pgt, GHSS
.N
wwww w www

ww
www.Padasalai.Net
gh];Nghu;l;- flTr;rPl;L 
ww
www.CBSEtips.in
nrhe;jk; - cwT
 rupj;jpuk; - tuyhW  cj;jputhjk;- cWjpg;ghL> gpid
eet t
 NghyP]; - fhty;
eet t  tpj;jpahrk;- NtWghL
lalai .iN
.N
 tUlk; - Mz;L
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
 Nfhupf;if- Ntz;LNfhs;.
assaa  fk;ngdp - epWtdk;
aa a
dd
 Kf;fpaj;Jtk;- Kjd;ikahd
s
a aa
s  rkPgk;
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
- mz;ik
 re;Njh\k;- kfpo;r;rp> fspg;G
w
w
 epr;rak; - cWjp P
.. P ww P
..P
 cw;rhfk; - kfpo;r;rp> fspg;G
 Njrk; wwww
- ehL
 gj;jpupif - ehNsL
wwww
 Afk; - Cop> fhyj;jpd; myF
 jUzk; - jf;f rkak;
VIII. gj;jpapidg; gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f.
et
e t eet t
1. jkpo; vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;Fupa gy;NtW nghUs;fs; ahit?
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
 ,dpik> gz;ghL> mfg;nghUs;> moF> nkd;ik> ghl;L.
l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa aa aa
2. gj;jpapy; cs;s msngilfisf; fz;lwpf.
a ss ass
et
aadda
 mJhck; - nra;Aspir msngil
dd
 joP,a
aa a - nrhy;ypir msngil
w P
..P w
w P
.. P
3. jkpo; vd;wTld; cq;fs; kdj;jpy; Njhd;Wtij xU tupapy; Fwpg;gpLf.
w
.N
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 jkpOf;F mKnjd;W ngau;
4. jpUg;ghitf;F Mz;lhs; Fwpg;gpLk; ngau; ahJ? (jkpo;khiy)
5. gj;jpapd; ikaf;fUj;jpw;Nfw;g xU jiyg;gpLf. (jkpopd; ngUik)
ai
IX. njhlupYs;s nrhw;fis xOq;FgLj;jp ,uz;L nrhw;nwhlu;fshf;Ff.
eet t al eet t
1. Xu; gapu; gwit tsu Ntz;Lk; mofhd jz;zPu; kapy;.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
 kapy; Xu; mofhd gwit.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa aa aa
 gapu; tsu jz;zPu; Ntz;Lk;.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P P add P P add
2. gs;spf;$lk; vy;yhk; jUgit xt;nthU fiyfs; Foe;ijAk; Nghf Ntz;Lk; kfpo;r;rp.
a a
w
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 fiyfs; vy;yhk; kfpo;r;rp jUgit.
ww..
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 xt;nthU Foe;ijAk; gs;spf;$lk; Nghf Ntz;Lk;.
wwww
ad
3. epyT tPRtjhy; njw;fpypUe;J khiy njd;wy; kfpo;tpf;Fk; vdg;gLfpwJ kdij.

 njw;fpypUe;J tPRtjhy; njd;wy; vdg;gLfpwJ.
 khiy epyT kdij kfpo;tpf;Fk;
.P
eet t eet t
4. gpwu; nra;ahtpl;lhYk; nra;j jPik kwf;ff;$lhJ ed;ik nra;af;$lhJ cjtpia.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
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a .iN
.N
 ed;ik nra;ahtpl;lhYk; jPik nra;af;$lhJ.
l a
l i
a.iN
.
w
assaa add
a assaa
 gpwu; nra;j cjtpia kwf;ff;$lhJ.
a a
5. New;W Vd; te;j igad; gf;fj;jpy; ahu; ,Uf;ftpy;iy njupAkh?
a a
dd s
a aa
s
P P
w
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 New;W te;j igad; ahu; njupAkh?
w
w ww.. P
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 Vd; gf;fj;jpy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy.
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6. Nfhry kf;fs; ehL xU kfpo;r;rpahf rpwe;j tho;e;J ehL te;jdu;.

 Nfhry ehL xU rpwe;j ehL.
 kf;fs; kfpo;r;rpahf tho;e;J te;jdu;.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
X.
a .iN
.N lalai.iN
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.
Ntu;r;nrhw;fis njhlu;fshf khw;Wf.(tpidKw;W> nganur;rk;> tpidnar;rk;> tpidahyizAk; ngau;)
assaa aa aa
1. th :
aass
o tpidKw;W : kpjptz;bapy; ,uhkd; te;jhd;.
dd a
dd s
a s
P
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o nganur;rk; : kpjptz;bapy; te;j ,uhkd;.
P
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ww
o tpidnar;rk;: kpjptz;bapy; te;jJ ,uhkd;.
w
w
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o tpidahyizAk; ngau;: kpjptz;bapy; te;jtu; ,uhkd;.
2. NgR :
o tpidKw;W : Nkilapy; ,uhkd; Ngrpdhd;.
o nganur;rk; : Nkilapy; Ngrpa ,uhkd;.
eet t eet t
Kindly send
.NN
Pgt, GHSS
.N
w w ww wwww
o
ww
www.Padasalai.Net
tpidnar;rk;: Nkilapy; NgrpaJ ,uhkd;.
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www.CBSEtips.in
o tpidahyizAk; ngau;: Nkilapy; Ngrpatu; ,uhkd;.

3. jh
N ee t t 4. XL
,dpf;Fk; ,yf;.fN ee t t 5. gh
lalai .
i . N l a
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zk;
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.
assaa m.nkhop a
; ssa
aa
1. jtwhd ,iziaj; Nju;T nra;f.
+ MSik - capu; + capa
ddu;ua M.fly; + miy - capu; + nka;a
dd ass
,.jkpo; + czu;T - nka; + a a aa
2. fPo;f;fhZk; Fwpg;Gw w P P P P
.;. nghjpe;Js;s Nkilg;Ngr;rpy; rpwe;J tpwswq;.f.pa jkpowpQu;fspd;
cap <.kz; + tsk; - nka; + nka;
ngau;fisf; w
wwlwwpf.
fz;
fsp y
wwww
m.nrd;id khfhzj;Jf;Fj; jkpo;ehL vd;W ngau; khw;wk; nra;j Kjy;tu;?(mz;zh).
M.njhopyhsu;fspd; je;ij vd;W miof;fg;gLgtu;?(fypahzRe;judhu;).
,.capiu czu;it tsu;g;gJ jkpNo vd;W ghbatu;?(ghujpjhrd;).
et
e t eet t
<.nghJTilikf;nfhs;ifapd; Kd;NdhbfSs; xUtu;?([Pth).
lalai.iN
.N a i
3. Ngr;R tof;if vOj;J tof;fhf khw;Wf.
l l a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa s aa s aa
m.fhyq;fhj;jhy ve;jpupr;rpg; gbr;rh xU njspT nfilf;Fk;.
a s a s
et
dda
 mjpfhiyapy; vOe;J gbj;jhy; xU njspT fpilf;Fk;.
aa add
a a
P
..P
M.Kaw;rp nrQ;rh mJf;Nfj;j gyd; tuhkg; NghthJ.
ww w
w P
.. P
.N
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.NN KindlyMr.A.Ezhilarasan,
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send me your study materials - Elapakkam, 9600113368 Page 10 of 52
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send me your study materials
.NN - Elapakkam, 9600113368 Page 11 of 52
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fw
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 ,aw;if Ntshz;ik: tpijg;gjpy; njhlq;fp mWtil tiu vt;tpj Ntjpg;nghUl;fSk;
eet t t t
gad;gLj;jhky; ,aw;if njhO cuj;jpidAk; Ntjpf;fyg;gpy;yhj G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp kUe;jpidAk;
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.NN- Elapakkam, 9600113368 Page 12 of 52
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Ntshz;ik Kiw vdyhk;. ,k;Kiwapy;
tptrhak; nra;tjpdhy;> kz;tsKk; #w;Wr;#oYk; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ. NkYk;> mjpf
tpisr;rYk; fpilf;Fk;.
 eet t eet t
lalai .iN
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njhO cuk;: itf;Nfhypid khl;Lr;rhzk; kw;Wk; Nfhkpaj;jpy; kl;fr;nra;J jahupf;fg;gLk;
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njhO cuj;jpid ed;nra; epyj;jpw;Fk;> fha;e;j ,iy kw;Wk; vupf;fg;gl;l rhzj;jpd; rhk;gy;
assaa aadd s
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s
kz;zpd; tsk; vd;Wk; FiwahJ.
aa a
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Mfpatw;why; jahupf;fg;gLk; njhO cuj;jpid Gd;nra; epyj;jpw;Fk; gad;gLj;jp te;jhy;
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
w
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Gw;WNeha;> kyl;Lj;jd;ik> tapw;Wg;Gz; Nghd;w Neha;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. Mjyhy;>
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Gq;fd;> fw;whio> nehr;rp ,iy> gpuz;il Mfpatw;iw ed;whf ,bj;J> Nfhkpaj;jpy;
Cwitj;J> gpd; me;ePiu tbfl;b> gapu;fSf;F njspj;Jte;jhy; G+r;rpfs; mz;lhJ.
et
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KOikahd kf#y; ekf;Fk; fpilf;Fk;.
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xw;iw itf;Nfhy; Gul;rp: itf;Nfhy; gw;wpa rpwe;j Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhz;l [g;ghd; ehl;L
assaa aa aa
mwpQu; krhdG /GNfhfh mtu;fs;> xw;iw itf;Nfhy; Gul;rp vd;Dk; Ehypy; $wpa> fPo;f;fz;l
a ss ass
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aa a
ngw;wplyhk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.
aa a
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dd dd
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o cog;glhj epyk;
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o jz;zPu; epWj;jhj ney; rhFgb
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 eet t al eet t
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ghuk;gupa tptrhak;: ,e;jpahtpd; KJnfYk;Ng tptrahk;. vdNt> mij rupahd Kiwapy;
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nra;aj; njhlq;fpdhy;jhd;> ehLk; tPLk; nropg;gilAk;. ghuk;gupa tptrhaj;jpid
assaa s
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Kd;ndLg;gjpdhy; Ntiyapy;yhj; jpz;lhl;lk; FiwAk;. NkYk;> tWik xopAk;. ,lk;ngau;jy;
a
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P Paadd P Paadd
Kw;wpYk; FiwAk;. ,aw;if Ntshz;ikia ifapy; vLg;gjpdhy;> kdpjDf;Fk; epyj;jpw;Fkhd
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cwT neUf;fkhfpwJ. mjdhy;> kdpjd; Ntjp cuq;fs; gad;gLj;j Kd;tu kWg;ghd;.
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Nkw;fz;l fhuzq;fshy; #w;Wr;#oYk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. vdNt> ,aw;ifia Nerpg;Nghk;!
ad
,aw;if Ntshz;ikia ghJfhg;Nghk;!! vd;W$wp vd; ciuapid epiwT nra;fpNwd;…………

ed;wp………!
2. jpUkiy KUfd; gs;S $Wk; tlfiu> njd;fiu ehl;Lg; ghly;fs;top ,aw;if tsq;fis tptupf;f.
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t t t t
 tlfiu ehl;bd; ,aw;if tsq;fs;: jpUkiyr; Nrtfd; trpf;Fk; tlfiu ehl;bNyh>
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l a
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kyupYs;s Njdpid cz;zte;j tz;Lfs; ,e;jsk; vd;Dk; gz;zpidg;ghLk;.
l a
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.
w
assaa aa aa
mg;gz;zpidf; Nfl;L> kPdpidg; gpbj;Jz;zte;j cs;shd; gwitNah eldkhLk;. jhkiug;
aass a s
a s
G+f;fs; epiwe;j Fsj;jpy; kPd;fs; Js;sp tpisahLk;. Kj;Jfis <d;w ntz;rq;FfNsh vq;F
dd dd
P aa P aa
tputpf; fhzg;gLk;. kpd;diy xj;j ngz;fs;> nga; vd;why; kio nga;Ak;. Kdptu;fs; $Wk;
w
w
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thu;j;ijfNsh nka;ahFk;.
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 njd;fiu ehl;bd; ,aw;if tsq;fs;: Fw;whyehju; trpf;Fk; njd;fiu ehl;bNyh> ePz;L
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tsu;e;j Nrhiyfspy; Nkff;$l;lq;fs; jq;fpr; nry;Yk;. nghd;dhy; Md khlkhspif ahTk;

mfpw;Gif ehWk;. fhu;fhy Nkfq;fSk; kapy;fSk; khlkhspiffis ghJfhf;Fk;. nrq;Nfhiy
Ve;jpa kd;dNdh ePjp jtwhJ kf;fisf; fhg;ghu;. ,sk;ngz;fNsh nghd;dhyhd muq;fpy;
eet t eet t
ebj;J tpisahLthu;fs;. Fsj;jpd; miyahy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l Kj;JfNsh fiuapy; Nkhjp>
l a
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assaa aa aa
V. rhd;Nwhu; rpj;jpuk;
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ddass
1. fPo;f;fhZk; tlnkhopr; nrhw;fisj; jkpohf;Ff. a
dd s
a s
PPaa P Paa
m.rq;fPjk; - ,ir M.tpj;jpah - fiyawpT ,.kfh[dk; - ngUkf;fs; <.rhfuk; - fly;
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 ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G :
gapd;whu; -
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glu;f;if gyu;ghy; tpidKw;W
njhlq;fpdhu; - glu;f;if gyu;ghy; tpidKw;W
eet t eet t
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gapd;whu; - gapy;(d;) + w; + Mu;

eet t e t t
gapy; - gFjp> y; vd;gJ d; MdJ tpfhuk;.
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lalai .iN
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w; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
l a
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assaa aa aa
Mu; - glu;f;if gyu;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
njhlq;fpdhu; -
a
dd s
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njhlq;F + ,d; + Mu;
a
dd s
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P
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w ,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
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VI. jkpohf;fk; jUf.
w w
w
Mu; - glu;f;if gyu;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
1. Just living is not enough. One must have sunshine, freedom and a little flower - Hans
t t
Anderson.
ee eet t
lalai.iN l a i
a .iN
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Fwpf;NfhSld; tho;jNy tho;f;if - n`d;]; Mz;lu;rd;.
l l a
l i
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ngaUf;F tho;tJ tho;f;ifay;y. #upa cjaj;jpy; Rje;jpukhf G+j;jpLk; G+tpd; thrk;Nghy
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assaa a ssaa assaa
2. In nature, light creates the colour. In the Picture, colour creates the light - Hans Hofmann.
et
a dda add a
,aw;ifapy;> xsp tz;zq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;JfpwJ. Xtpaq;fspy; tz;zq;fs; xspia
a a
P
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cUthf;Ffpd;wd - n`d;]; N`h/g;kd;.
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w P
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3. Look deep into nature and then you will understand everything better - Albert Einstein.
,aw;ifia Mo;e;J Nehf;Fq;fs;> mg;nghOJjhd; vy;yhtw;iwAk; njspthf Gupe;Jnfhs;s
KbAk; - My;gu;l; Id;];bd;.
ai
4. Simplicity is nature’s first step, and last of art - Philip James Bailey.
eet t al eet t
vspikNa ,aw;ifapd; Kjy;gb. mJNt fiyapd; ,Wjpg;gbAk; $l - gpypg; N[k;]; nga;yp.
l a
l a .iN
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l a .iN
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5. Road were made for journeys not destinations - Confucius.
i i
ghijfs; gazq;fSf;fhdit. Fwpg;gpl;l ,yf;if miltjw;fy;y - fd;/G\pa];
l a
l i
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assaa a s
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s a s
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s
as
VII. kaq;nfhypr; nrhw;fis xNu njhlupy; mikj;J vOJf.
Paadd P Paadd
1. ciy> cis> cio: tPl;by; ciy nfhjpf;fTk;> kd cisr;ry; ePq;fTk; ciof;f Ntz;Lk;.
P
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3. fiy> fis> fio: fioapy; fis gwpg;gJ xUtpj fiy.
ad
4. fid> fiz: fiz Ntfj;jpy; Fjpiu fidj;Jf;nfhz;L XbaJ.

5. Fiu> Fiw: Fiwtpd;wp eha; Fiuj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jJ.
6. nghup> nghwp: nghwpahsd; nghupiaj; jpz;whd;.
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eet t t t
,dpf;Fk; ,yf;fzk;
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l a
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1. Fw;wpaYfug; Gzu;r;rpia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
i i l a
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 epiynkhopapd; ,Wjpapy; cs;s Fw;wpaYfuk;;> jhd; Vwpa nka;apid epWj;jp> cfuj;ij
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assaa aa aassaa
kiwj;J> gpd; tUnkhopapy; cs;s capUld; GzUk;.
dd
o khrw;whu; - khR + mw;whu; aa a
dd s
a aa
s
P P
w
w
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tpjp 1: capu;tupd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;L XLk; (khr; + mw;whu;)
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tpjp 2: cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Nh (r; + m = r)

2. fUtpop> ghrpiy> rpwpad;> ngUq;fy; Mfpa nrhw;fisg; gpupj;Jg; Gzu;r;rp tpjp jUf.
 fUtpop - fUik + tpop
eet t
o tpjp 1: <WNghjy; (fU + tpop)
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
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 ghrpiy - gRik + ,iy
lalai.iN
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l i
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.
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o tpjp 1: <WNghjy; (gR + ,iy)
a
ddass
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dd s
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P
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o tpjp 4: cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng (r; + , = rp)
 rpwpad; - rpWik + md;g
o tpjp 1: <WNghjy; (rpW + md;)
o tpjp 2: ,il cfuk; ,a;ahjy; (rpwp + md;)
eet t eet t
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tpjp 3: ,<I top at;Tk; (rpwpa; + md;)
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o tpjp 4: cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng (a; + m = a)
e t t
 ngUq;fy; - ngUik + fy;
e eet t
lalai .iN
.N o tpjp 1: <WNghjy; (ngU + fy;)
l a
l i
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assaa s aa
s s aa
s
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3. Gzu;r;rptpjp je;J tpsf;Ff.
aa a
dd a aa a
dd a
P
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 GydwpT - Gyd; + mwpT
w
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o tpjp 1: cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng (d; + m = d)
 tpy;nyhbe;J - tpy; + xbe;J
o tpjp 1: jdpFwpy; Kd; xw;W capu;tupd; ,ul;Lk; (tpy;y; + xbe;J)
o tpjp 2: cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng (y; + x = nyh)
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
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l a
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.
assaa aa aa
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a ss ass
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dd
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 jpiug;glk; - jpiu + glk;
w
w P
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o tpjp 1: ,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w capu;Kd; frjg kpFk; (jpiu + g; + glk;)
4. tpjpapd; NtWghLfis mwpe;J tpsf;Ff.
m. jd;ndhw;W ,ul;ly; - jdpf;Fwpy;Kd; xw;W capu;tupd; ,ul;Lk;.
ai
jd;ndhw;W ,ul;ly; jdpf;Fwpy;Kd; xw;W capu;tupd; ,ul;Lk;
NN e et t
gz;Gg; ngau;fspy; kl;Lk; gad;gLk;
al NNee t
tUnkhopt
epiynkhopapy; jdpf;FwpNyhL
apy; capUk; tu gad;gLk;
xw;Wk;>
N
l a
l i
a .
i .ntw;wpiy = ntWik + ,iy l a
l i
a .
i . ngz; zuR = ngz; + muR
l a l i
a .
i .
assaa tpjp 1: <WNghjy; (ntW + ,iy)aaddaassaa s s aa
tp j p 1: jdp f ; Fwpy ; K d; xw; W cap u ; t up d ;
aa
as
P P
,ul;Lk; (ngz;z;+muR)
P P a adJdxd;WtJ
w w.. tpjp 2: cly;Nky; cap
,ay;Ng (z; + m =w w .. u;t e;
dw wFws; nka;tpl;L XLk; ww

tpjp 2: jd;ndhw;W ,ul; ly; (ntw;W +,iy) z)
ad
tpjp 3: capu;tw
upw; cf; w w
(ntw;w; + ,iy)
tpjp 4: cly;Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng
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eet t t t
(w; + , = wp)
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
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5. nghUj;Jf.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.
w
assaa aa aa
m.mb mfuk; I Mjy; - nrq;fjpu; (M)
M.Kd; epd;w nka; jpupjy;
ddaass - ngUq;nfhil (<)
a
dd s
a s
,.MjpePly;
P aa - igq;$o; (m)
P aa
w
<.,dkpfy;
w
w .. P - fhupUs; (,)
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6. $w;Wfisg; gbj;Jf; fPo;f;fhz;gdtw;Ws; rupahdijj; Nju;f.
w
m.epiynkhopapy; Fw;wpaYfukhfTk; tUnkhopapd; Kjy; capnuOj;jhfTk; mikAk;NghJ

‘capu;tupd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;L XLk;’ vd;Dk; tpjpapidg; ngWk;.
M.epiynkhopapd; <w;wpy; ,<I tUk;NghJ tfu clk;gLnka; ngWk;.
eet t e t t
,.gz;Gg;ngau;g; Gzu;r;rpapy; <WNghjy; vd;Dk; tpjpNa Kjd;ikahdjhf tpsq;Fk;.
e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lalai.iN
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l i
<.jd;ndhw;wpul;ly; vd;Dk; tpjp gz;Gg;ngau;g; Gzu;r;rpf;Fg; nghUe;Jk;.
a .iN
.
assaa aa aa
i. m> M> , - rup> < - jtW ii. m> ,> < - rup> M - jtW.
a
ddass ,ay; - 3 a
dd s
a s
I. gyTs; njupf.
P
..Paa P
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1. $w;W ww
: NfhL vd;gJ jkpo;r;nrhy;. w
w
tpsf;fk;
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: NfhL vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F kiyAr;rp> ty;yuz;> Nfhl;il vd;Dk;
nghUs;fSk; cz;L.
m. $w;W rup> tpsf;fk; jtW M. $w;Wk; rup> tpsf;fKk; rup
,. $w;W jtW> tpsf;fk; rup <. $w;Wk; jtW> tpsf;fKk; jtW
eet t eet t
.NN
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2. fhtbr; rpe;Jf;Fj; je;ij vd;W miof;fg;gLgtu; ahu;?
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m.ghujpjhrd; M.mz;zhkiyahu; ,.KUfd; <.ghujpahu;

3. ,dpnjd - ,r;nrhy;ypy; mike;j Gzu;r;rp tpjpfis tupirg;gLj;Jf.
eet t eet t
m.capu;tupd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;NlhLk;> cly;Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng.
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
M.jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W capu;tupd; ,ul;Lk;> capu;tupd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;NlhLk;.
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
,.cly;Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng> jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W capu;tupd; ,ul;Lk;.
a a
dd a aa a
dd a
<.jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W capu;tupd; ,ul;Lk;> capu;tupd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;NlhLk;.
a
P
.. P
4. gFgj cWg;GfSs; ,lk;ngWk; mbg;gil cWg;Gfs; vit?
w
w
m.gFjp> ,ilepiy> re;jp> rhupia> tpFjp> tpfhuk; ww P
..P
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M.gFjp> ,ilepiy> rhupia
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,.gFjp> re;jp> tpfhuk; <.gFjp> tpFjp
1.nts;sptPjpahu; - m).GwehDhW
2.mz;zhkiyahu; - M).rp.R.nry;yg;gh
et
e t
3.thbthry; - ,).FWe;njhif
eet t
lalai.iN
.N 4.,sk;ngUtOjp
l a
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- <).fhtbr;rpe;J
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.
assaa ssaa ssaa
(i) m M , < (ii) M < m , (iii) , < M m (iv) , < m M
a a
et
II. FWtpdh
aadda add
a a
w P
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nry;y> xU Nfhz mstpy; jpUk;gpa fhupapd; jpkpiy> rpy;tz;LNghy; gha;e;J ,lf;ifahy;
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gpbj;jhd; gpr;rp. ehd;F fhy;fisAk; xUNru Jhf;fpj; jt;tpaJ fhup. gpr;rpNah> gpbia
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tpLtjha; ,y;iy. Cuhu; Nfypg; Ngrpf;nfhz;bUf;f> ,uz;lhtJ> %d;whtJ jt;tpYk; gpbia
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tplhky; epd;whd; gpr;rp. fhupapd; nfhk;gpy; fl;lg;gl;bUe;j cUkhg;gl;ilia ,Oj;jJk;> jq;f
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 gpr;rpf;F ghuhl;L: gpr;rpapd; ntw;wpiaf; fz;lJk; $l;lk; Mu;g;gupj;jJ. ‘crpyDhu; mk;gpypapd;
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 KbTiu: fhisia mlf;Fk; Kiw gw;wpAk;> fhis mlf;Fjy; vd;gJ jkpou;fspd; gz;ghl;L
tpohf;fspy; xd;W vd;gijAk;> Nghl;bfspy; fye;Jnfhs;Sk;nghOJ kw;wtupd; Nfypg;
Ngr;Rfis nghUl;gLj;jf; $lhJ vd;gijAk; ,f;fijapd; %yk; ehd; czu;e;J nfhz;Nld;.
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1. khepyf;fy;Yhup - Gzu;r;rp tpjp $Wf.
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2. Mrpupauhf;fpdhu; - ,jd; gFjp ahJ?
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m.MR M.Mrpup ,.Mrpupauhf;F <.Mrp

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cs;spl;l Ehy;fisg; gjpg;gpj;Jf; fl;lisf; fypj;Jiw> el;rj;jpu khiy> #shkzp trdk;
eet eet
Mfpa Ehy;fis vOjpAs;shu;. - rpW rpW njhlu;fshf khw;Wf.
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o jhNkhjudhu;> ePjpnewp tpsf;fk; vd;w Ehiy gjpg;gpj;J ntspapl;Ls;shu;.
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o jhNkhjudhu;> fypj;njhif> tPuNrhopak; cs;spl;l Ehy;fis gjpg;gpj;Js;shu;.
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o jhNkhjudhu;> fl;lisf; fypj;Jiw> el;rj;jpu khiy> #shkzp trdk; Mfpa Ehy;fis
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5. nghUj;jkhd Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fis vOJf.
- College wwww o tuyhW - History
o cau;ePjpkd;wk; - High Court o gzp - Work
VI. ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;Lk; ePf;fpAk; vOJf.
eet t eet t
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1. Fkuid gw;wp njupe;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lkh? vd; tPl;bw;F tUifj; jhUq;fs;. vd; tPl;bw;F
gf;fj;J tPLjhd; FkudJ tPL.
Fkuidg; gw;wpj; njupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lkh? vd; tPl;bw;F tUif jhUq;fs;. vd; tPl;bw;Fg;
eet t
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lalai .iN
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2. midj;J JiwfspYk; Mz;fis NghyNtg; ngz;fSk; muR gzpia ngwNtz;Lk;.
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assaa s aa
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midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; Mz;fisg; NghyNt ngz;fSk; muRg; gzpiag; ngwNtz;Lk;.
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3. fy;tp Nfs;tpfspy; rpwe;jtu; ed;ikj; jPikfis Gupe;J NgRtu;.
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5. rhd;Nwhu; kpFe;jg; nghWg;Gld; rpwg;ghd Nritg; Gupe;J nfhs;ifia epiyehl;l nra;jdu;.
rhd;Nwhu;> kpFe;j nghWg;Gld; rpwg;ghd Nrit Gupe;J> nfhs;ifia epiyehl;lr; nra;jdu;.
VII. jkpohf;fk; jUf.
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lalai.iN
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fy;tp vd;gJ typikahdf; fUtp. mijf; nfhz;L> eP cyifNa khw;wyhk;.
a
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1. Education is the most powerful weapon, which you can use to change the world.
i i .
assaa ssaa ssaa
2. Looking at beauty in the world is the first step of purifying the mind.
a a
et
dda dd a
cyfpYs;s mofpidf; fhz;gNj> kdij Jha;ik Mf;Ftjw;Fupa Kjy; gb.
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fyhr;rhuk; vd;gJ kf;fis cUthf;Ftjpy;iy. kf;fs;jhd; fyhr;rhuj;ij cUthf;Ffpwhu;fs;.
4. A people without the knowledge of their past history and culture is like a tree without roots.
fle;jfhy tuyhw;iwAk; ehfupfj;ijAk; gw;wpa mwpitg; ngwhj kf;fs;> Ntu; ,y;yhj kuj;jpw;F
ai
xg;ghtu;.
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5. A nation’s culture resides in the hearts and in the soul of its people.
l a
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xU ehl;bd; fyhr;rhuk; vd;gJ me;ehl;L kf;fspd; ,jaj;jpYk; Md;khtpYk; tho;fpwJ.
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assaa I. cupa tpilfis mwpe;J $Wf.
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3. gpd;tUk; ehybahu; ghlypd; nghUSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd jpUf;Fwisf; fz;lwpf.
add
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m. xd;wh cyfj;J cau;e;j Gfoy;yhy;
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4. fPo;f;fhZk; GJf;ftpijf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; jpUf;Fwisj; Nju;e;njLf;f.
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ntspapy; Fz;LfSk;
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m. gpwUld; xj;Jg; Nghdtd;> jd; typik mwpe;jtd;> jd;id cau;thf epidg;gtd;
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10. gw;W ePq;fpatDf;F cz;lhtJ - gw;ww;wtidg; gw;Wtjhy; cz;lhtJ.

m. gw;Wfs; ngUFk; - nghUs;fspd; ,d;gk; ngUFk;
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11. mUtpid - Gzu;r;rp tpjp jUf.
 mUtpid - mUik + tpid l a
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assaa  tpjp: <WNghjy; (mUtpid)

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 jPapdhy; Rl;lJ> clypy; tLthf ,Ue;jhYk;> cs;sj;jpy; MwptpLk;.

 ehtpdhy; Rl;lJ> kdj;jpy; vd;Wk; Mwhj tLthf epiyj;JtpLk;.
2. kUe;jhfpj; jg;gh kuj;jw;why; nry;tk;
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ngUe;jif ahd;fz; gbd; - ,f;Fwl;ghtpd; ctikiag; nghUNshL nghUj;Jf.
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 ctik: ‘kUe;jhfpj; jg;gh kuk;’. kukhdJ jd; cWg;Gfs; midj;ijAk; kUe;jhfj; jUfpwJ.
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 ctk cUG: mw;W (jw;W - Nghy)
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 ctNkak;: ngUe;jifahdplk; cs;s nry;tk;. a
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 nghUNshL nghUj;Jjy;:
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3. vjw;F Kd; ey;y nray;fis tpiue;J nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W Fws; $WfpwJ?
 ek; capu; epiyaw;wJ. vdNt> ehf;F milj;J> tpf;fy; te;J> capu;NghFk;Kd; ey;y
nray;fis tpiue;J nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwJ Fws;.
eet t eet t
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4. rPu;Jhf;fp MuhaNtz;ba Mw;wy;fs; ahit?
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 tpid typ  khw;whd; typ
eet t
 jd; typ
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5. kUe;J vJ? kUe;J kukhf ,Ug;gtu; ahu;?
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.
assaa aa aa
 kUe;J - nry;tk;
 kUe;J kukhf ,Ug;gtu; a
dd s
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1. jPapdhw; Rl;lg;Gz; cs;shWk; MwhNj
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 mzpr;Rl;ly; : ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;W tUtJ Ntw;WikazpahFk;.
 mzp ,yf;fzk;: ,U nghUSf;Fupa xg;Gikia Kjypy;$wp> gpd; mtw;iw NtWgLj;jpf;
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fhl;LtJ Ntw;Wik mzp vdg;gLk;.
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 mzpg; nghUj;jk;: jPAk;> ehTk; RLk; jd;ikAilaJ vd;w xw;Wikia Kjypy;$wp> gpd;>
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‘jPapdhy; Rl;lg;Gz; MWk; - ehtpdhy; Rl;l tL MwhJ’ vd NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sjhy;
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 GfOf;Fupa gz;Gfshf ehd; fUJtd: md;G> mlf;fk;> ,uf;fk;> <if> tha;ik.
 nghJkiwtopapy; Gfopd; ngUikfs;:
o ,izaw;w Gfopidg; Nghy;> cyfj;jpy; epiyj;J epw;gJ Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy.
ai
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3. nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazpia tpsf;fpf; fPo;f;fhZk; FwSf;F ,t;tzpiag; nghUj;jp
l a
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vOJf.
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P Paadd
tpidtypAk; jd;typAk; khw;whd; typAk;
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 mzp ,yf;fzk;: te;j nrhy;Ny kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J> xNu nghUisj; jUkhapd; m/J
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nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp vdg;gLk;.

 rhd;W: tpidtypAk; jd;typAk; khw;whd; typAk;
JiztypAk; Jhf;fpr; nray;
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 tpsf;fk;: ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; typ vd;w nrhy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J typik vd;w xNug; nghUisj;
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4. tpUk;gpaij miltJ vg;gb? Fws; top tpsf;Ff. .N
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 nra;a Kbe;j jtj;jpid Kad;W nra;jhy;> tpUk;gpaij tpUk;gpathNu milayhk;.
dd aa dd assaa
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1. nfhilapy; rpwe;J tpsq;f ts;Stk; $Wk; topfis xg;Gutwpjy; mjpfhuk;top epWTf.
 Kd;Diu: ifk;khW fUjhky; gpwu;f;F cjtp nra;J tho;jNy xg;Gutwpjy;. xg;Guthsu; jd;
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 Ntshz;ik nra;jy;: ehk; ngUk; Kaw;rp nra;J rk;ghjpj;j nghUnsy;yhk;> cupatUf;F cjtp
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 nrj;jhUs; itf;fg;gLk;: cyf eilKiwfis mwpe;J> xj;Jg; NghfpwtNd capu; tho;gtd;.
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.NN
Pgt, GHSS
.N
wwww ww ww

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www.Padasalai.Net
ngUe;jifahsdpd; nry;tk;: ngUe;jifahsdplk;
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cs;s nry;tkhdJ> jd;dplKs;s
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kUe;jhfpj; jg;gh kuj;jw;why; nry;tk;
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 jd; epiyapypUe;J khWglhky; mlf;fj;NjhL tho;gtd; cau;T> kiyapd; khz;igf; fhl;bYk;
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 KbTiu: mlf;fNk xUtDf;F Nkyhd nry;tk;. mJNt> xUtd; tho;tpy; gopghtkpd;wp
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 rhd;W: kUe;jhfpj; jg;gh kuj;jw;why; nry;tk;

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 tpsf;fk;: kukhdJ> Fiwiag; nghUl;gLj;jhky; jd;Dila ,iy> G+> fha;> fdp> Ntu;>
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nrhy; gpd;tUk; epiyazp vdg;gLk;.
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fw;gpf;Fk; rkzg; gs;spfSk; gz;ilaf; fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;Js;sd.
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mwpTk; xOf;fKk; ahz;Lzu;e;jds; nfhy; - ,lQ; Rl;bg; nghUs; tpsf;Ff.
 ,lk;: ,t;tupfs; ew;wpizapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. Mrpupau; Nghjdhu;.
eet t eet t
.NN
Pgt, GHSS
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
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nghUs;: cztpid kWj;J tpisahbLk; jiytp>
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,y;yw tho;tpw;fhd
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o fl;lg;gl;l Njhuzq;fSk; nfhbfSk; fhLNghy neUq;fp ,Ue;jd. kiyfs; Nghd;w fupa
ahidfs; epiwe;jpUe;jd.
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eet t eet t
o topfs; ahTk; xOq;Fld; fhzg;gl;ld. mjdhy;> KOikngw;w G+kpiag; Nghy kjPdh
l a
l i
a .iN
.N efuk; nghd; Nghyg; nghype;jJ.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.
w
assaa aa aa
 kid efuk;:
ddaass a
dd s
a s
o kspiffs; ahTk; ntz;Rz;zhk;Gr; rhe;jpdhy; xspu;e;jd. tPjpfs; ahTk; Gjpa G+f;fs;
P aa P aa
w
.. P
rpe;jpf; fple;jd.
w
w ww.. P
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o xt;nthUtiuAk; mioj;Jf;nfhLf;Fk; tpUe;jhdJ ,dpikahdjhf ,Ue;jJ.
w
o ,f;fhuzq;fshy;> kjPdh efuk; jpUkz tPl;bidg; Nghy fhl;rp je;jJ.

 khefuk;:
o gif> tWik> Neha; Kjypait kjPdh efupypUe;J Xbtpl;ld.
eet t eet t
o Fiwtpy;yhj khDl mwj;ij cila nrq;Nfhy; Ml;rp elj;jpLk; muridg; Nghy
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lalai
nghypTld; ,Ue;jJ kjPdh efuk;..iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa aa aa
 xz;zfuk;:
a
ddass a
dd s
a s
o flyhdJ gy mzpfyd;fisj; jd;Ds;Ns nfhz;bUg;gJ Nghy> kjPdh efuk; gy
P
..Paa
nkhopfisg; NgRk; kf;fis jd;Ds;Ns nfhz;Ls;sJ. P
.. Paa
ww w
w
wwww wwww
o Njd; mUe;jp kaq;fpatu;fs; Nghy> nkhoptsj;jhYk; gy;NtW nghUs; tsj;jhYk;
xspngw;Wj; jpfo;fpwJ kjPdh efuk;.
 nrk;ik efuk;:
o jhdk;> xOf;fk;> jtk;> <if> khdk; Kjypad G+j;jpUe;jd.
eet t eet t
.NN
Pgt, GHSS
.N
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o
ww
www.CBSEtips.in
jpz;zpa typik ey;Fk; ntw;wp> mt;ntw;wpiaj; jUk; Fiwtw;w Cf;fKk; fha;j;jpUe;jd.
o jPd; vd;Dk; nry;tk; gOj;jpUe;j nrk;ik efukhf tpsq;fpaJ kjPdh efuk;
V.
eet t
rhd;Nwhu; rpj;jpuk;
eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1. md;W> my;y vd;gtw;Wf;fhd nghUs;NtWghL mwpe;J njhlu; mikf;f.
l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa aa aa
 md;W : ed;wp kwg;gJ ed;wd;W.  my;y : vy;yh tpsf;Fk; tpsf;fy;y.
a
dd s
a s
2. nrhy;yr; nrhy;y> jpisg;gu; - ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;Gj; jUf. a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa
 nrhy;yr; nrhy;y - mLf;Fj;njhlu; PPaa
 jpisg;gu; - tpidahyizAk; ngau;
..
w
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3. urpfu; - jkpo;r;nrhy; vOJf. khepy Nkyit - Mq;fpyf; fiyr;nrhy; jUf.
 urpfu; - RitQu;  khepy Nkyit - Legislative Council
4. tof;fwpQuhfj; njhopy; Guptijtplj; jkpopd;gj;jpy; jpisg;gijNa b.Nf.rp. tpUk;gpdhu;. -
tpilf;Nfw;w tpdh mikf;f.
et
e t
 b.Nf.rp mtu;fs; vij tpUk;gpdhu;?
eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
5. Nkyit> Gj;Jzu;T - ,r;nrhw;fspd; Gzu;r;rp tifiaf; fz;lwpf.
l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa aa aa
 Nkyit - Nky; + mit (nka;aPw;Wg; Gzu;r;rp tif)
a ss ass
et
dda dd a
tpjp : cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng (y; + m = y> Nkyit)
aa aa
w P
..P w
w P
..
 Gj;Jzu;T - GJik + czu;T ( gz;Gg;ngau; Gzu;r;rp tif)
w P
.N
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tpjp 1: <WNghjy; (GJ + czu;T)
wwww
tpjp 2: capu;tupd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;L XLk; (Gj; + czu;T)
ai
tpjp 3: jd;ndhw;wpul;ly; (Gj;j; + czu;T)
tpjp 4: cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng (j; + c = J> Gj;Jzu;T)
eet t al eet t
l
VI.
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l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
jkpohf;fk; jUf.(tpdhit Gj;jfj;jpy; ghu;f;fTk;)
l a
l i
a .iN
.
 jkpo; ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs;> gpwnkhopfspy; mike;Js;s ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fisf; fhl;bYk; xU
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f moFzu;r;rpiaAk; ftu;r;rpiaAk; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ,j;jifa
Paadd P Paadd
ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs; ,yf;fpakhfTk; fiyj;juk; kpf;fjhfTk; ,Ug;gjw;F fhuzk;> kz;zpd;
P
w
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thridiaAk; ehfupfj;ijAk; gz;ghl;ilAk; jd;dfj;Nj ghJfhj;J itj;jpUg;gNj MFk;.
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kf;fspd; Ngr;R tof;fpy; mike;j ehl;LGwg; ghly;fs;> gok;ngUk; tuyhw;wpidAk; ,yf;fpa
ad
ghuk;gupaj;ijAk; xUNru nfhz;Ls;sJ. ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs; kpfg; goikahdjhf

,Ue;jhYk; fhye;NjhWk; khw;wq;fis mile;J> ,d;wsTk; GjpJGjpjhfj; Njhd;wp jd;id
GJg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wd. ,JNt mjd; jdpr;rpwg;G>
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VII.
eet t eet t
fUj;Jg;glj;ijg; Gupe;Jnfhz;L gj;jpahf vOJf. (tpdhit Gj;jfj;jpy; ghu;f;fTk;)
l a
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a .iN
.N l a
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.N l a
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.
 jkpo; nkhopf;Nf cupa ,yf;fzk; nghUs; ,yf;fzk;. ,J mfg;nghUs;> Gwg;nghUs; vd
w
assaa aa aa
,Utifahf gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
aass a s
a s
 jiytd;> jiytpapd; fhjy; tho;f;ifg; gw;wp Ngrf;$ba mfg;nghUshdJ> Kjw;nghUs;>
dd dd
P aa P aa
w
w
w .. P ww.. P
fUg;nghUs;> cupg;nghUs; vd %d;W gpupTfshf gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 Kjw;nghUshdJ epyk;(FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy) nghOJ (ngUk;nghOJ>
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rpWnghOJ) vd;w ,U gpupTfis cilaJ. ngUk;nghOJ: Mz;bd; gpupT. rpWnghOJ: xU

ehspd; gpupT.
 nja;tk;> kf;fs;> gwit> tpyq;F> kuk; vd;w 14 nghUl;fisf; nfhz;lJ fUg;nghUs;.
e t t t t
 Ie;jpizapy; thOk; kf;fspd; tho;tpay; epkpj;jq;fisg; gw;wpf; $WtJ cupg;nghUs;.
e ee
l a
l i
VIII.
a .iN
.N lalai.iN
.N
Gjpu;fSf;fhd tpilfisj; Nju;e;njLj;J vOJf.
l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa aa aa
1. vypAk; EioAk; - vopyurp ifAk; EioAk;. (tis)
a
ddass a
dd s
a
2. mbf;fTk; nra;ayhk; - Nfhilf;Ff; $ohfTk; Fbf;fyhk;. (fk;G)s
PPaa
3. fz;zpYk; vOjyhk; - ntz;jhspYk; vOjyhk;. (ik)
.. P
.. Paa
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w
4. mwptpd; ngaUk; mJjhd; - mk;Gypapd; ngaUk; mJNtjhd;. (kjp)
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5. G+tpd; cWg;Gk; ehNd - Gd;difapd; gpwg;gplKk; ehNd. (,jo;)
6. tz;biaAk; ,af;Fk; - ngUk; fg;giyAk; jhq;Fk;. (Mop)
eet t eet t
.NN
Pgt, GHSS
.N
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ww
www.Padasalai.Net
jpUf;Fws;
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www.CBSEtips.in
I. rupahd tpilasp
t t t
1. glj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd jpUf;Fwisf; fz;Lgpbf;f.
ee ee t
lalai .iN
.N nrhy;Nyu; cotu; gif.
l a
l a .iN
m.tpy;Nyu; cotu; gifnfhspDk; nfhs;sw;f
i .N l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa aa a
ghu;jhf;fg; gf;F tpLk;.
s
a aa
s
M.,untd;Dk; Vkhg;gpy; Njhzp funtd;Dk;
dd aa a
dd s
a aa
s
P
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,.cs;spaJ va;jy; vspJkd; kw;Wk;jhd;
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cs;spaJ cs;sg; ngwpd;.
2. ftpijf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; jpUf;Fwisf; fz;lwpf.
nfhb jtpj;jijg; ghup
mwpe;J nfhz;lhd;
et
e t t
kapy; jtpj;jijg; Ngfd;
ee t
lalai.iN
.N l a
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czu;e;J nfhz;lhd;
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gps;isapd; gupjtpg;igj;
l a
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a .iN
.
assaa ssaa ssaa
jha; mwpths;
a a
et
dda
gspq;F Kfj;ijg; gbj;Jf;nfhs;
aa add
a a
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..Pmg;gbg; gbj;jtu;fisg;
w
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.N
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gpbj;Jf;nfhs;.
m.,fo;r;rpapy; nfl;lhiu cs;Sf jhk;jk;
kfpo;r;rpapd; ike;JWk; ngho;J
ai
M.Fwpg;gpy; Fwpg;Gzu; thiu cWg;gpDs;
ahJ nfhLj;Jk; nfhsy;
eet t
,.,isjhf Ks;kuk; nfhy;f fisAeu;
al eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N ifnfhy;Yk; fho;j;j tplj;J
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
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a .iN
.
assaa s aa s aa
3. kfpo;r;rpapd; ike;JWk; ngho;J …………………… epid.
a a s a a s
as
m.Kff;Fwpg;ig mwpe;Jtiu
P Paadd P P add
M.vz;zpaij vz;zpatiu
a
w
w ..
,.kwjpahy; nfl;ltu;fis
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4. nghUs; jUf.
ad
m.Vkk; - ghJfhg;G
M.kUe;Jior; nry;thd; - kUe;jhSeu;
5. ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;Gj; jUf.
.P
m.nfLf - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W

eet t
M.Fwpg;Gzu;thu;
eet t
- tpidahyizAk; ngau;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
II. FWtpdh
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.
w
assaa ssaa s aa
s
1. giftu; typikaw;W ,Uf;Fk;NghNj ntd;Wtpl Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; Fwl;ghitf; $Wf.
ddaa
 ,isjhf Ks;kuk; nfhy;f fisAeu;
aa aa a
dd a
P P
w
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ifnfhy;Yk; fho;j;j ,lj;J
w
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2. gilf;Fg; ghJfhg;ghf ,Ug;git vit?
w
 tPuk;> khdk;> Kd;Ndhu; topapy; elj;jy;> ek;gpf;iff;F cupatuha; elj;jy;.

3. kUj;Jtj;jpd; gpupTfshff; Fws; $Wtd ahit?
 Nehahsp> kUj;Jtu;> kUe;J> kUj;Jt cjtpahsu;.
eet t eet t
4. vg;NghJ kUe;J Njitapy;iy vd;W jpUts;Stu; $Wfpwhu;?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
 cz;lJk;> nrupj;jJk; mwpe;J cz;lhy; kUe;J vd xd;W Njitapy;iy vd;W jpUts;Stu;
assaa s aa s aa
$Wfpwhu;.
III. rpWtpdh a
dda s a
dd a s
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
1. cUtf mzpf;Fj; jpUf;Fws; xd;iw vLj;Jf;fhl;lhfj; je;J tpsf;Ff.
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w
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 mzp ,yf;fzk;: ctikf;Fk; ctNkaj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s NtWghl;il ePf;fp> ,uz;Lk;
xd;nwdj; Njhd;WkhW xg;Gikg;gLj;jpf; $WtJ cUtf mzp.
 rhd;W: ,untd;Dk; Vkhg;gpy; Njhzp funtd;Dk;
ghu;jhf;fg; gf;F tpLk;
eet t eet t
.NN
Pgt, GHSS
.N
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www.CBSEtips.in
 nghUj;jk;: ghJfhg;gw;w glfhdJ ghiw Nkhjp cile;J NghtJNghy> ‘,ue;J tho;jy;’
vd;w ,op nrayhdJ ‘nfhlhik’ vd;w Jd;gg; ghiw Nkhjp ek; tho;it mopj;JtpLk;. ,q;F>
eet t eet t
ctikiaAk; ctNkaj;ijiaAk; xd;nwdj; Njhd;WkhW $wg;gl;Ls;sjhy;> ,/J cUtf
lalai .iN
.Nmzp Mapw;W.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa aa aa
2. kUe;J> kUj;Jtu;> kUj;Jtk; Mfpad gw;wpj; jpUf;Fws; $Wtd ahit?
a s
a s a s
a s
 kUe;J: cz;lJk;> nrupj;jJk; mwpe;J cz;lhy; kUe;J vd xd;W Njitapy;iy.
dd dd
P
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..Paa
 kUj;Jtu;: NehiaAk; mjd; fhuzj;ijAk; mij ePf;Fk; topiaAk; Muha;e;J kUj;Jtu;
w
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nray;gl Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;> Nehahspapd; taijAk;> Nehapd; msitAk;> kUj;Jtk;
nra;tjw;Fupa fhyj;ijAk; mwpe;J kUj;Jtu; nray;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 kUj;Jtk;: Nehahsp> kUj;Jtu;> kUe;J> kUj;Jt cjtpahsu; vd;w ehd;F tifikf;Fs;
kUj;Jtk; mlq;Fk;.
e t
IV. neLtpdh:
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lalai.iN
.NKd;Diu: tho;f;ifapy; Kd;Ndw;wkiltjw; l a l ai .NN
Fi>. gy mupa fUj;Jfis vLj;J f;$Wk; vspla
1. tho;tpd; cau;Tf;F cWJizahf ePq;fs; fUJk; Fwl;ghf;fs; rpytw;iw tpsf;fpf; fl;Liuahf;Ff.
al i
a .iN
.
assaa a s saa tpsq;ff;$ba jpUf;FwshdJ> ehd; tho;aafs;isafapay;
et
Ehy; jpUf;Fws;. cyfg; nghJkiwahf
a
cau vt;ntt;tifapy; cWJizahfa a
dwisg;
d gw;w,Ue; jJ vd;gJ gw;wpAk;> ehd; Kd;a ddwk; mila
Na
dw;
cWJizahf ,Ue;j
w w P
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jp U f; F p A k; ,q; F fhz; N ghk; .
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 mlf;fKilik:
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hy; nrhw;Fw;wj;jpy; rpf;fpj; Jd;gg;gLtu;.
wf Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW
fhf;
ai
ahfhthu; MapDk; ehfhf;f fhthf;fhy;
Nrhfhg;gu; nrhy;ypOf;Fg; gl;L
eet t eet t
 xg;Gutwpjy;: ehk; ngUk;Kaw;rp nra;J rk;ghjpj;j nghUnsy;yhk;> vspatUf;F cjtp
al
l a
l i
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.N nra;tjw;Nf.
l a
l i
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a .iN
.
assaa s aa
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P P add
Ntshz;ik nra;jy; nghUl;L
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ngwyhk;.
ad
,d;gk; ,ilawhJ <z;Lk; mthntd;Dk;

Jd;gj;Js; Jd;gk; nfbd;
 fhykwpjy;: cyfj;ij nty;yf; fUJgtu;> fyq;fhky; cupa fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhj;jpUg;ghu;.
.P
eet t t t
fhyk; fUjp ,Ug;gu; fyq;fhJ
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l a
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l a
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 kUe;J: cz;lJk;> nrupj;jJk; mwpe;J cz;lhy; kUe;J vd xd;W Ntz;bajpy;iy. .
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assaa aa aassaa
kUe;njd Ntz;lhthk; ahf;iff;F mUe;;jpaJ
dd
mw;wJ Nghw;wp czpd;.
aa a
dd s
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s
P P
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 KbTiu: jpUf;Fws;top epd;W> vd; tho;tpd; cau;Tf;F topapidf; fz;Nld;. ,e;j cyfKk;
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mij gpd;gw;wpl Ntz;Lnkd tpiofpNwd;.
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1. Mrpupag;gh vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit?
 Mrpupag;gh 4 tifg;gLk;. mit>
eet t eet t
 Neupir Mrpupag;gh> ,izf;Fws; Mrpupag;gh> epiykz;by Mrpupag;gh> mbkwp kz;by
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Mrpupag;gh.
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa a ddassaa
2. Mrpupag;ghtpw;fhd rPUk; jisAk; ahit?
a a a
dd s
a
 Mrpupag;ghtpw;fhd rPu;fs;: khr;rPu;> tpsr;rPu;> fha;r;rPu;.
a a
aa
s
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 Mrpupag;ghtpw;fhd jisfs;: Nenuhd;whrpupaj;jis> epiunahd;whrpupaj;jis kw;Wk; gpw
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jisfs; fye;Jk; tUk;.
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3. mWrPu;f; fopnebyb Mrpupa tpUj;jq;fspd; tiffisAk;> mit ,aw;Wtjw;fhd tpjpfisAk;
$Wf.
 ghtpd; ehd;F mbfspYk;> MWrPu;fs; nfhz;ljhf mikj;jply; Ntz;Lk;.
eet t eet t
.N
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 Kjy; kw;Wk; ehd;fhk; rPupy; Nkhid mikj;Jk; my;yJ Kjy; kw;Wk; Ie;jhk; rPupy; Nkhid
mikj;Jk; mWrPu; fopnebyb Mrpupa tpUj;jjj;jpid mikj;jply; Ntz;Lk;.
t t
4. nghUj;Jf.
ee eet t
lalai .iN
.N
m.Neupir Mrpupag;gh
M.,izf;Fws; Mrpupag;gh
-
-
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
1.KjybAk; ,WjpabAk; mstb
2.mbfs; khwpdhYk; XirAk; nghUSk; khwhJ
l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa ,.epiykz;by Mrpupag;gh
<.mbkwpkz;by Mrpupag;gh
a adda-
-
s
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s3.,Wjp mbapd; Ke;ija rpe;jb
4.vy;yh mbfSk; mstb
a a dda s
a aa
s
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 fpl;lg;ghtpd; kfs;: fpl;lg;gh mtu;fs;> ,tiuj; jd; kfshfNt fUjp> jd; ,y;yj;jpNyNa
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rhd;Nwhu; rpj;jpuk;
1. nghWikiag; G+Zq;fs;; nghWikapd; Mw;wiy czUq;fs;; czu;e;J cyif Nehf;Fq;fs;
- xNu njhluhf khw;Wf.
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2. ,uz;L Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik tpidKw;Wr; nrhw;fisg; gj;jpapypUe;J vLj;J vOJf.
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5. vz;Zk;ikj; njhlu;fs; ,uz;lid vLj;J vOJf.
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1. An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind.
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3. The week can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.
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4. Nobody can hurt me without my permission.
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- mYtyfk; - nghWj;Jf;nfhs;
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jpiz kw;Wk; Jiw tpsf;fk;
1. nghJtpay; jpiz kw;Wk; nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rpj; Jiwiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.
 jpiz ,yf;fzk;: ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; tiuAs;s xd;gJ jpizfspy; $wg;glhj
nra;jpfisf; $WtJ> nghJtpay; jpiz.
eet t eet t
.NN
Pgt, GHSS
.N
w www ww ww
ww
www.CBSEtips.in
 Jiw ,yf;fzk;: kf;fSf;F eyk;nra;Ak;tho;tpay; newpfis vLj;Jf;$WtJ
nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rpj; Jiw.
t t t t
 rhd;W: cz;lhy; mk;k……… vdj; njhlq;Fk; ,sk;ngUk;tOjpapd; GwehDhw;Wg; ghly;.
ee ee
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
 tpsf;fk;: gz;ilaj; jkpou;fs;> jkf;fhf ciof;fhky; gpwUf;fhfg; ngupa Kaw;rpAld;
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
ciof;ff; $batu;fs;. mtu;fs;> ,e;jpuDf;Fupa mkpo;jNk fpilj;jhYk; jdpj;J cz;z
a a
dd a aa a
dd a
khl;lhu;fs;. ahiuAk; ntWj;J xJf;fkhl;lhu;fs;. Nrhk;gypd;wpr; nray;gLthu;fs;. mQ;r
a
P
.. P P
..P
Ntz;ba nray;fSf;F jhKk; mQ;rp elg;ghu;fs;. Gfo; tUk; vdpy; capiuAk; nfhLg;ghu;fs;.
w
w ww
gop tUk; vdpy; cyfNk fpilj;jhYk; Vw;f kWg;ghu;fs;. ,j;jifaj; jd;ik
wwww wwww
cilatu;fshy;jhd;> cyfk; ,d;wsTk; ,aq;fp tUfpwJ vd;fpwhu; flYs; kha;e;j
,sk;ngUk;tOjp.
2. ghlhz; jpiz (k) nre;Jiw ghlhz; ghl;Lj; Jiwiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.
 jpiz ,yf;fzk;: ghL + Mz; + jpiz = ghlhz; jpiz. ghlg;gLk; Mz;kfdpd;
et
e t eet t
.iN .iN .iN
xOfyhWfshd nfhil> tPuk;> Gfo;> typik Nghd;wtw;iw rpwg;gpj;Jf; $WtjhFk;.
lalai .N l a
l i
a .N l a i
a .
 Jiw ,yf;fzk;: cyfpDs; ,aw;if tifahd; ,ad;w kf;fisg; ghLjy;> nre;Jiw ghlhz;
l
assaa a ssaa assaa
et
ghl;L vdg;gLk;.
aadda add
a a
 rhd;W: gjpgpiog;G mwpahJ vdj; njhlq;Fk; Fkl;û;f; fz;zdhupd; GwehDhw;Wg; ghly;.
ww P
..P w
w P
.. P
 tpsf;fk;: NruehL nry;ttsk; kpf;fJ. ,katuk;gd; neLQ;Nruyhjd; jd; ehl;ilAk;
.N
wwww wwww
kf;fisAk; fz;nzdf; fhj;jhd;. MfNtjhd;> mtd; ehl;L kf;fs; Ntw;W ehl;Lf;Fr; nry;y
tpUk;gpajpy;iy. NkYk;> GJ tUtha;g; ngUf;fKk; <j;Jtf;Fk; ,d;gKk; cilatd; mtd;.
ai
,e;epyTyfj;jpy; tho;e;j midj;J capupdq;fSf;Fk; ,ilawhJ nfhLj;j gz;Gilatd;
mtd;. kpfg;ngupa tpohf;fs; epiwe;j ehl;bidAila neLQ;NruyhjNd> ck;ik
eet t eet t
ehbtUgtu;fSf;F ,y;iynad $whJ> thuptoq;fpLk; ts;sy; jd;ikapidf; fz;L
al
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
tpag;gilfpNwd;. cd; ehl;bd; tsKk; giftu; ehl;bd; mopTk; vd;id NkYk;NkYk;
assaa aa aa
tpag;gilar; nra;fpwJ vd;fpwhu; Fkl;û;f; fz;zdhu;.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G
1. gz;Gj;njhif:
P Paadd P Paadd
nrq;fay;
w
w ..ntz;rq;F ngUq;Fsk;
ww..ntz;Rit jPk;ghy;
wwww wwww
ad
ngUk;Gfo; njz;biu mUQ;rkk; ey;yhil ,sKfk;

ed;dhL neLq;Fd;W Ngud;G ey;Yhz; rpWGy;
NguoF Ke;ePu; ed;kz; NguuR rpw;Whu;
2. tpidj;njhif:
.P
eet t
tpupfjpu; xOFePu;
t
vwpths;
ee t RLfhL nfhy;Gyp
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
tPoUtp
3. nganur;rk;:
Fiufly;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
nra;njhopy; miyfly;
l a
l i
a.iN
.
Gfo;gz;G
w
assaa cjpj;j
G+j;j
add
a a
nfhz;l
as
nghype;j
saa kype;j
gpd;dpa a
kz;ba
aadd
Kisj;j
s
a aa
s mUspa
khz;l
P P
w
mope;j
w
w .. P
RlUk; nghd; Gjpa ntspr;rk;
ww.. P
wwww wwww
4. tpidnar;rk;:
w
jhtp cUl;b Xa;e;J te;J Rlr; RlUk;

5. njhopw;ngau;:
fhl;ly; Nfhly; cz;ly; JQ;ry; mwpjy;
eet t
Nghw;wy; epidj;jy;
t t
Nfl;ly;
ee
gapwy; xopjy;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ja;j;jy;
6. tpidahyizAk; ngau;:
jq;Fjy;
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa ssaa s aa
s
Nfl;Nghu; gpupe;Njhu; GJf;fpatu; Fwpg;Gzu;thu;
7. mLf;Fj;njhlu;:
aa a
dda aa a
dd a
ed;Wed;W
ww P
..P
cOJOJ
P
..
ghu;j;Jg;ghu;j;J
w
w P epy;epy; Rlr;Rl
wwww wwww
nrhy;yr;nrhy;y
8. cupr;nrhw;nwhlu;:
khefu; edp,ff;Fk; cWgif fbefu; rhyj;jFk;
9. tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W:
XJf NgrpLf Mo;f nfLf thopa
eet t eet t
.NN
Pgt, GHSS
.N
wwww wwww
10. vz;Zk;ik:
ww
www.CBSEtips.in
kQ;iQAk; nfhz;lYk; mwpTk; xOf;fKk; jhdKk; xOf;fKk;
eet t
jtKk; <ifAk;
t t
G+f;fSk; G+r;rpAk;
ee
,uhf;nfl;Lk; Jizf;Nfhs;fSk;
lalai .iN
.N
11. ck;ikj;njhif: Gy;GO> ,uhg;gfy;
12. ctikj;njhif: kiyaiy> FifKfk;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
13. cUtfk;: fhyj;jr;rd;
a
dd a
14. ,Unganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj;njhif: jkpo;f;ftpQu;> Njd;Jsp
aa aa a
dd a
w P
.. P ww P
..P
15. <Wnfl;l vjpu;kiwg; nganur;rk;: gpioah> xbah> Mrpyh> Xth> mopah
w
wwww wwww
16. ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif: nfhd;iw#L
17. Mwhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif: mfpw;Gif
gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;
1. Njhd;wp = Njhd;W + ,
t t
Njhd;W - gFjp> , - tpidnar;r tpFjp
ee eet t
lalai.iN
.N
2. nra;f = nra; + f
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
nra; - gFjp> f - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp
l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa a ssaa assaa
et
3. JQ;ry; = JQ;R + my;
aadda
JQ;R - gFjp> my; - njhopw;ngau; tpFjp
add
a a
ww P
..P
4. ngw;w = ngW(ngw;W) + m
w
w P
.. P
.N
wwww wwww
ngW - gFjp (ngw;W vd khwpaJ tpfhuk;)> m - nganur;r tpFjp
5. VFkpd; = VF + kpd;
ai
VF - gFjp> kpd; - Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp
6. <d;w = <d; + w;+ m
eet t eet t
<d; - gFjp> w; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> m - nganur;r tpFjp
al
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
7. tUfpwhu; = th(tU) + fpW + Mu;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
th - gFjp(tU vd khwpaJ tpfhuk;)> fpW - epfo;fhy ,ilepiy> Mu; - gyu;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
a a a a
as
aadd
8. itj;jhu; = it + j; + j; + Mu;
P P P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
it - gFjp> j; - re;jp> j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> Mu; - gyu;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
wwww wwww
ad
9. ngw;Nwd; = ngW(ngw;W) + Vd;

ngW - gFjp (ngw;W vd khwpaJ tpfhuk;)> Vd; - jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp
10. neUq;fpd = neUq;F + ,d; + m
neUq;F - gFjp> ,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> m - nganur;r tpFjp
.P
eet t
11. nkype;J = nkyp + j;(e;) + j; + c
e et t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
nkyp - gFjp> j; - re;jp (e; MdJ tpfhuk;)> j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> c - tpidnar;r tpFjp
l a
l i
a.iN
.
w
assaa ssaa s aa
s
12. nkype;j = nkyp + j;(e;) + j; + m
dd
a aa aa a
dd a
nkyp - gFjp> j; - re;jp (e; MdJ tpfhuk;)> j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> m - nganur;r tpFjp
a
P P
w
,uq;fp = ,uq;F + , . .
w w P epd;whu; = epy;(d;) + w; +. .
w w P
Mu;
Mo;f = Mo; +wfw Kdptpyu; = KdpTw +w
ww w w
w
t; + ,y; + mu;
kiwj;J = kiw + j; + j; + c Ntz;Lfpd;Nwd; = Ntz;L + fpd;W + Vd;
mwpe;J = mwp + j;(e;) + j; + c mzpe;Njd;; = mzp + j;(e;) + j;; + Vd;
eet t
mike;J = mik + j;(e;) + j; + c
eet t ntd;Nwd; = nty;(d;) + w; + Vd;
l a
l i
a .iN
.Nmau;e;J = mau; + j;(e;) + j; + c
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
mioj;jhd; = mio + j; + j; + Md;
assaa aa aa
Kisj;j = Kis + j; + j; + m nra;thd; = nra; + t; + Md;
a
ddass
nfhLj;j = nfhL + j; + j; + m
a s
a s
cz;lhd; = cz; + l; + Md;
dd
P
..Paa
vOe;j = vO + j;(e;) + j; + m
P Paa
gpupe;Njhu; = gpup + j;(e;) + j; + Xu;
..
ww
nrd;w = nry;(d;) + w; + m w
w
epw;fpd;wha; = epy;(w;) + fpd;W + Ma;
wwww
tUfpd;w = th(tU) + fpd;W + m
gwpj;jhu; = gwp + j; + j; + Mu;
wwww
Ja;j;jy; = Ja; + j; + jy;
tpLj;jy; = tpL + j; + jy;
ghu;j;jhu; = ghu; + j; + j; + Mu;
eet t eet t
.NN
Pgt, GHSS
.N
wwww wwww
ww
www.Padasalai.Net
Gzu;r;rp tpjpfs;
ww
www.CBSEtips.in
1. cly;Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng:
eet t
(v-L): Gfnodpd; = Gfo; + vdpd;
eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
tpjp: cly;Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng (o;+ v= no> Gfnodpd;)
.
assaa 2. aa aa
1. gakpy;iy 2. ePNuhil
a s
a s
capu;tupd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;L XLk;:
dd a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa
(v-L): mzpe;Jiu = mzpe;J + ciu
P
..Paa
w
w ww
wwww wwww
tpjp 1: capu;tupd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;L XLk; (mzpe;j; + ciu)
tpjp 2: cly;Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng (j;+ c= J> mzpe;Jiu)
1. cau;e;Njhq;Fk; 4. ,Of;fpd;wp 7. cOJOJ
2. jz;Lil 5. cyfidj;Jk;
et
e t
3. ,iatjhapDk;
t t
6. mKnjd;W
ee
lalai.iN
3.
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w capu;Kd; frjg kpFk;:
i
(v-L): nghJr;rpwg;G = nghJ + rpwg;G
l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa a ssaa assaa
et
aa
nghJr;rpwg;G) a aa a
tpjp: ,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w capu;Kd; frjg kpFk;( nghJ+ r;+rpwg;G=
dd dd
1. jpUg;Gfo;
ww P
..P w
w P
.. P2. kzpf;Fyk;
.N
4.
wwww
jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W capu;tupd; ,ul;Lk;:
(v-L): kz;Zil = kz; + cil wwww
ai
tpjp 1: jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W capu;tupd; ,ul;Lk; (kz;z;+ cil)
eet t al eet
tpjp 2: cly;Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng (z;+ c= J> kz;Zil)
t
l a
l
5.
i
a .iN
.N
<WNghjy;:
l
(v-L): rpWNfhy; = rpWik + Nfhy;a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
tpjp: <WNghjy; (rpW+ Nfhy;= rpWNfhy;)
6. <WNghjy; - ,dkpfy;:
P Paadd P Paadd
w
w ..
(v-L): mUk;nghUs; = mUik + nghUs;
ww..
wwww wwww
ad
tpjp 1: <WNghjy; (mU+ nghUs;)

tpjp 2: ,dkpfy;(mUk;+ nghUs;= mUk;nghUs;)
7. <WNghjy; - jd;ndhw;W ,ul;ly;:
.P
e t t
(v-L): rpw;Whu; = rpWik + Cu;
e eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
tpjp 1: <WNghjy; (rpW+ Cu;)
l a
l i
a.iN
.
w
assaa aa aa
tpjp 2: capu;tupd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;L XLk; (rpw; + Cu;)
ddaass
tpjp 3: jd;ndhw;W ,ul;ly; (rpw;w; + Cu;) a
dd s
a s
P aa P aa
w
.. P .. P
tpjp 4: cly;Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng (w;+ C= Jh> rpw;Whu;)
w
w ww
wwww wwww
8. <WNghjy; - Kd;dpd;w nka; jpupjy;:
w
(v-L): nrq;fay; = nrk;ik + fay;

tpjp 1: <WNghjy; (nrk;+ fay;)
tpjp 2: Kd;dpd;w nka; jpupjy; (nrq;+ fay;= nrq;fay;)
9.
eet t
<WNghjy; - Mjp ePly;:
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N (v-L): NguoF = ngUik + moF
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa ssaa s aa
s
tpjp 1: <WNghjy; (ngU+ moF)
aa a
dda
tpjp 2: Mjp ePly; (NgU+ moF)
aa a
dd a
w P
..P w P
.. P
tpjp 3: capu;tupd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;L XLk; (Ngu;+moF> cfuk; nfl;lJ)
w w
10. wwww wwww
tpjp 4: cly;Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng (u;+ m= u> NguoF)
<,I top at;Tk;:
(v-L): Kiwawpe;J = Kiw + mwpe;J
eet t eet t
.NN
Pgt, GHSS
.N
w w ww wwww
ww
www.Padasalai.Net
tpjp 1: <,I top at;Tk; (Kiw+a;+ mwpe;J)
ww
www.CBSEtips.in
tpjp 2: cly;Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng (a;+ m= a> Kiwawpe;J)

eet t
1. kidnad
eet t 2. Gtpahl;rp
lalai .iN
11.
.NVida capu;top tt;Tk;:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa s aa s aa
(v-L): jpUtb = jpU + mb
a
dd a s
tpjp 1: Vida capu;top tt;Tk; (jpU+t;+ mb) a
dd a s
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
tpjp 2: cly;Nky; capu;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng (t;+ m= t> jpUtb)
w
w ww
wwww wwww
12. ys Ntw;Wikapy; typ tupd; wlTk;:
(v-L): fw;nghb = fy; + nghb
tpjp: ys Ntw;Wikapy; typ tupd; wlTk; (fw;+ nghb= fw;nghb)
1. fw;gpse;J
13.
et
e t
kt;tPW tpjp:
eet t
lalai.iN
.N (v-L): Gwe;jUjy; = Gwk; + jUjy;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa s saa ssaa
tpjp 1: kt;tPW xw;wope;J capuPW xg;gTk; (Gw+ jUjy;)
a a
et
a dd a add a
tpjp 2: td;ikf;F ,dkhj; jpupgTk; MFk; (Gwe;+ jUjy;;= Gwe;jUjy;)
a a
1. fhyj;jr;rd;
w w P
.. P w
w P
.. P
.N
wwwwngz;ZNgzp ww
gh eak; ghuhl;Lf(khjpup)
f;F Qhdj;ij itj;jhd; - Gtp
tsu;j;jpLk; <rd;;
w
w
ai
kz;Zf;Fs;Ns rpy%lu; - ey;y
khju; mwpitf; nfLj;jhu;.
eet t eet t
fz;fs; ,uz;bdpy; xd;iwf; - Fj;jp
al
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
fhl;rp nfLj;jpl yhNkh?
l a
l i
a .iN
.
assaa aa aa
ngz;fs; mwpit tsu;j;jhy; - itak;
a s
a s a s
a s
as
Ngjik aw;wpLk; fhzPu; - ghujpahu;.
Paadd P Paadd
 ikaf;fUj;J - jpuz;lf; fUj;J: cyfpidg; gilj;Jf;fhj;jpLk; <rd;> Mz; - ngz; vd;w
P
w
w .. ww..
ghFghbd;wp midtUf;Fk; mwptpidf; nfhLj;jhd;. Mdhy;> ,k;kz;zpy; cs;s rpy %lu;fs;>
wwww wwww
ad
ngz;fs; fy;tpngw Kl;Lf;fl;ilahfj; jpfo;fpwhu;fs;. ngz;fisf; fy;tp fw;f tplhky; jLg;gJ>

jd;fz;fspy; xd;wpidf; Fj;jp> fhl;rpapidf; nfLj;Jf;nfhs;tJ Nghd;wJ vd mk;%lu;fSf;F
tpsq;Ftjpy;iy. ngz;fs; mwptpidg; ngw;why; tPL kl;Lky;y ehLk; tsk;ngWk;. fy;tpawpT ngw;w
rKjhak; Njhd;Wk; vd;gjid mk;%lu;fs; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd ,g;ghly;topahf ghujpahu;
.P
eet t
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.
eet
 vJif: ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wptug; gpwg;gJ vJif.t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
o z;
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
: ngz;Zf;F - kz;Zf;Fs;Ns - fz;fs; - ngz;fs;
l a
l i
a.iN
.
w
assaa o s
aa aassaa
: tsu;j;jpLk; - tsu;j;jy;
dd
 Nkhid: Kjyhk; vOj;J xd;wptug; gpwg;gJ Nkhid.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
P P
w
o it
w
w .. P
: itj;jhd; - itak;
ww.. P
o ng
wwww
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o d; : itj;jhd; - <rd;
o u; : fhzPu; - nfLj;jhu;
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 Kuz;: vjpu;r;nrhy;yhf miktJ Kuz;.
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 mzp: nra;ASf;F moF Nru;g;gJ mzp.
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ahid lhf;lu; - Jizg;ghlj;jpw;Fupa tpdhtpid kl;Lk; Rakhf jahupj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs; rNfh];
eet t eet t
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wwww wwww

assaa 11Mk;aa aassaa

czu;r;rp ntspg;ghl;Lr; rf;jp kpf;fjhf cs;sJ.

Ehy; Kfg;gpy; itf;Fk; Kiw gw;wpg; NgRtJ ghapuk; vdg;gLk;.

assaa a ssaa assaa

Ntz;Ltdthf ed;Dhy; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

capNuhLk; clNyhLk; fye;jJ.

capu; nka; nkhj;jk;

assaa  < - NjdP

 v - Nrv  e; - ntupe;  s; - ths;

o Ehypd; ,ay;G o khztupd; ,ay;G o fw;Fk; Kiw

eet t o Ehy; ,aw;wg;gl;l fhyk;

o Ehy; Njhd;wpa fhuzk;

assaa ssaa ssaa

Gyk;ngau;e;j jkpou;fspd; ,uz;lhk; jiyKiw> jkpio kwe;JtpLthu;fs; vd

eet t cj;jkk; vd;fpwhu; ghujp.

5. gj;jpapy; nkhopKjy; vOj;Jfisf;nfhz;L mike;j nrhw;fSs; vitnait tlnkhopr;

assaa VI. jkpohf;fk; jUf.

 ntd;Nwhu;> NtWgl;l nray;fisr; nra;tjpy;iy. mtu;fs;> NtWtpjkhf nra;gtu;fs;.

3. epyT tPRtjhy; njw;fpypUe;J khiy njd;wy; kfpo;tpf;Fk; vdg;gLfpwJ kdij.

6. Nfhry kf;fs; ehL xU kfpo;r;rpahf rpwe;j tho;e;J ehL te;jdu;.

o tpidahyizAk; ngau;: Nkilapy; Ngrpatu; ,uhkd;.

capu; nka; nkhj;jk;

assaa  Fuq;tpjFp: f;,ay;

eet tm> M> ,> <> c> C>v> V>

o c - Fw;wpaYfuk;(Fuq;F> gR> fhL> gj;J> ghk;G> xd;W)

vd;fpwhu; kiyahsf; ftp Mw;Whu; utptu;kh mtu;fs;.

m.kjpg;Gf; $l;Lg;nghUl;fs; M.Neubg; nghUs;fs;

m.gjePupypUe;J gdq;fw;fz;L> fUg;gl;b Nghd;wtw;iwj; jahupf;fpd;wdu;

1. Ntjpf;fyg;gpy;yhj G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp eilKiwr; rhj;jpakh? Ek; fUj;ij vOJf.

o epyk;: fhLk; fhL rhu;e;j ,lKk;

 Ky;iyj; jpizf;fhd cupg;nghUs;: ,Uj;jYk; ,Uj;jy; epkpj;jKk;.

,aw;if Ntshz;ikia ghJfhg;Nghk;!! vd;W$wp vd; ciuapid epiwT nra;fpNwd;…………

tsu;e;j Nrhiyfspy; Nkff;$l;lq;fs; jq;fpr; nry;Yk;. nghd;dhy; Md khlkhspif ahTk;

gapd;whu; - gapy;(d;) + w; + Mu;

4. fid> fiz: fiz Ntfj;jpy; Fjpiu fidj;Jf;nfhz;L XbaJ.

tpjp 2: cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Nh (r; + m = r)

o tpjp 4: cly;Nky; capu; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng (a; + m = a)

dw wFws; nka;tpl;L XLk; ww

m.epiynkhopapy; Fw;wpaYfukhfTk; tUnkhopapd; Kjy; capnuOj;jhfTk; mikAk;NghJ

m.ghujpjhrd; M.mz;zhkiyahu; ,.KUfd; <.ghujpahu;

 ey;y vd;w milnkhopahy; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ciuahrpupau; gyuhy; Nkw;Nfhs;

1. ‘kiy kdpj tho;tpy; rpwg;gplk; ngw;Ws;sJ’ - vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld; tptupf;f.

jhshw;wpj; je;j nghUnsy;yhk; jf;fhu;f;F

tPw;wpUf;Fk; kiyfspy; xd;Nw fOFkiy. fOFkiyf; flTshd KUfid> ghl;Lilj;

rpe;J’ vd;Dk; topeilg;ghlyhFk;. ,J> mUzfpupehju; vOjpa jpUg;Gfopd; jhf;fj;jpdhy;

 KbTiu: flTis epidj;J ghly;fs; ghLtJ ,ay;G. Mdhy;> ghjrhupfs; ghbLk;

m.MR M.Mrpup ,.Mrpupauhf;F <.Mrp

M. mstwpe;J thohjhd; tho;f;if csNghy

vQ;rpdhu; ,t;Tyfj; jpy;.

10. gw;W ePq;fpatDf;F cz;lhtJ - gw;ww;wtidg; gw;Wtjhy; cz;lhtJ.

assaa  tpjp: <WNghjy; (mUtpid)

 jPapdhy; Rl;lJ> clypy; tLthf ,Ue;jhYk;> cs;sj;jpy; MwptpLk;.

 tpid typ  khw;whd; typ

assaa ssaa ssaa

nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp vdg;gLk;.

Ntz;ba Ntz;bahq;F va;jyhy; nra;jtk;

eet t ehtpdhy; Rl;l tL

 rhd;W: kUe;jhfpj; jg;gh kuj;jw;why; nry;tk;

7. gFjp> tpFjp> ,ilepiy Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp nrhw;fis cUthf;Ff.

Ngrpdhd;> vOjpdhd;> tzq;fpdhd;

- 1.njhy;fhg;gpar; rpwg;Gg; ghapu ciug;ghly;