MINISTRY OF EDUCATION.

PRIMARY ENGAGEMENT PROGRAMME

GRADE SIX WORKSHEET: TERM 2

SUBJECT: SCIENCE.

LESSON: 1 Week 10

Name:______________________________ Date:_______________

FACTS/TIPS:
THE HUMAN BODY
Composition of the Human Body
The human body is made up of water, cells, tissues, organs, organ
systems and six (6) elements.

The six elements which the human body consists of are:

Oxygen - O2
Carbon - C
Nitrogen - N
Calcium - Ca
Hydrogen - H
Phosphorous - P

Most of the human body is made up of water (about 75% of a child’s

body is water and an adult’s body is made up of 50-65% water).
Question: What do the terms: cells, tissues, organs and organ systems
mean?
Cells- the basic and smallest living units of life. Cells are very tiny and
can only be seen with a special instrument called a microscope.
Some animals and plants are made up of only one cell and are said
to be unicellular. The amoeba is a unicellular animal, and the
phytoplankton is a unicellular plant. There are many different types
of cells. These include bone cells, blood cells, skin cells, muscle cells,
nerve cells, brain cells, reproductive cells, among others.
Tissues- all the cells of the same kind are grouped together to form a
tissue. Example, nervous tissues are made up of cells forming the
brain. The cells forming the muscles are called muscular tissues and
the cells forming the bone are called bone tissues.
Organs- two or more tissues working together to do a specific job.
Tissues of the same kind form organs. Organs carry out special
functions e.g., the heart is the organ for pumping the blood, the
stomach is the organ for digestion, the kidneys are the organs of
excretion and the lungs are the organs for breathing.
Organ Systems/ Systems- groups of organs working together to do a
specific job. Organs are grouped together to form systems e.g.; the
digestive system is made up of many organs and is responsible for
the digestion of our food so that the body can use/utilize it.

Flow Chart showing the relationship among cells, tissues, organs and
organ systems

CELLS TISSUES ORGAN ORGANISM

SYSTEM
The human body is made up of many organs. The organs, in turn,
work in groups to form organ systems. A number of these systems are
responsible for the proper functioning of the human body.
Some major organ systems are
1. The Digestive System
2. The Muscular System
3. The Skeletal System
4. The Excretory System
5. The Respiratory System
6. The Circulatory System
7. The Nervous System
8. The Reproductive System

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

The digestive system helps to break down the food we eat so we
can absorb their nutrients.
The main parts of the digestive system are:
 the mouth
 stomach
 small intestine
 large intestine
 anus.
The liver, gall bladder and the pancreas are accessory organs.
They are not part of the digestive system but they help in digestion.
PARTS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

HOW THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM WORKS.

 Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth when the food is
chewed by the teeth. Chemical digestion also begins in the
mouth as the saliva moistens the food.
 Food is then swallowed and enters the oesophagus. In the
oesophagus, it is pushed by peristalsis into the stomach.
 Chemical digestion continues in the stomach. In the stomach
the food is mixed with gastric juices and forms a liquid known as
chime.
 Chime then leaves the stomach and enters into the small
intestine. Here it is further broken down by bile from the gall
bladder and pancreatic juices from the pancreas. Nutrients are
then absorbed to be taken to cells of the body for energy
production.
  The undigested food or waste materials (faeces) passes into the
large intestine where it is stored. Water can be reabsorbed in
the large intestine.
 When there is a buildup of faeces in the large intestine,
muscular contraction forces the faeces out the anus.
There are many diseases that affect how the digestive system works
including diarrhea, acid reflux and gastroenteritis.
IMPORTANT TERMS USED IN THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
 Saliva – juice/liquid in the mouth.
 Enzyme – a chemical substance that can change other
substances without changing itself.
 Ptyalin – an enzyme found in saliva that changes all starch into
sugar.
 Epiglottis – a muscle that covers the windpipe when food is
being swallowed.
 Gastric juice – a liquid found in the stomach.
 Chime – liquid state of food in the stomach
 Villi - structures in the small intestines. These are lined with blood
vessels.

ON YOUR OWN:
1. Explain what is digestion.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. Mechanical digestion begins in the
__________________________________________________________________

3. Chemical digestion begins in the

__________________________________________________________________
4. The action by which food moves down the esophagus into the
stomach is called
__________________________________________________________________
5. What juice is secreted in the stomach?
__________________________________________________________________
6. The liquid formed from the mixing of food in the stomach is called
__________________________________________________________________
7. Food is absorbed in the
__________________________________________________________________
8. Water is reabsorbed in the
__________________________________________________________________
9. Undigested material is stored in the _______________________, then
expelled through the _____________________________.

10. The _______________________ begins mechanical digestion.

HOMEWORK
Make a model of the digestive system.
Complete the word search below