MODULE 7 ESAT 9.

What is the polarization of an electromagnetic wave if its

1. A half-wave dipole antenna is normally fed at the point magnetic field is parallel to the surface of the Earth?
where:
Elliptical
the voltage is maximum Horizontal
the current is maximum Vertical
the antenna is resonant Circular
the resistance is maximum
10. What is the polarization of an electromagnetic wave if its
2. At the ends of a half-wave dipole: magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface of the Earth?

voltage and current are both low Circular

voltage is low and current is high Horizontal
voltage and current are both high Elliptical
voltage is high and current is low Vertical

3. At the ends of a half-wave dipole:
voltage and current are both low
voltage is low and current is high
voltage and current are both high
voltage is high and current is low
4. The impedance of a half-wave antenna at its center is low,
because at this point:
voltage is high and current is low
voltage is low and current is high
voltage and current are both high
voltage and current are both low
5. In a half-wave dipole, where does minimum voltage occur?
The center
It is equal at all points
Both ends
At the right end
6. In a half-wave dipole, where does the minimum current
occur?
11. What is the polarization of an electromagnetic wave if its
magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface of the Earth?
Elliptical
Vertical
Horizontal
Circular
12. The polarization of a radio wave is taken as the direction of
the lines of force in the _______ field:
electric
electromagnetic
magnetic
force
13. A transmitted wave is vertically polarized when:
its electrical component is vertical
its magnetic component is vertical
the antenna is parallel to the ground
the antenna is pointing north in the northern hemisphere
14. The polarization of an antenna is the :

At the center orientation of its radiated electric field

At the right end orientation of its radiated magnetic field
At both ends radiation angle
It is equal at all points length of the radiating element

7. In a half-wave dipole, where does the minimum impedance 15. The polarization of an antenna is the :
occur?
orientation of its radiated magnetic field
At the right end orientation of its radiated electric field
At the center radiation angle
It is the same at all points length of the radiating element
At both ends
16. A parabolic antenna is very efficient because:
8. What is meant by circularly polarized electromagnetic waves?
a dipole antenna can be used to pick up the received energy
Waves produced by a circular loop antenna all the received energy is focused to a point where the pick-up
Waves that circle the earth antenna is located
Waves with a rotating electric field no impedance matching is required
Waves with an electric field bent into circular shape a horn-type radiator can be used to trap the received energy
17. A helical-beam antenna with right-hand polarization will
best receive signals with:
left-hand polarization
vertical polarization only
horizontal polarization
right-hand polarization
18. One antenna which will respond simultaneously to vertically
and horizontally polarized signals is the:
folded dipole antenna
quad antenna
helical-beam antenna
ground-plane antenna
19. What precaution should you take whenever you make
adjustments to the feed system of a parabolic dish antenna?
Disconnect the antenna positioning mechanism
Point the dish away from the sun so it doesn't concentrate
solar energy on you
Point the dish away from the sun so it doesn't concentrate
solar energy on you
Be sure no one can activate the transmitter
20. Why should a protective fence be placed around the base of
a ground-mounted parabolic dish transmitting antenna?
To reduce the possibility of persons being harmed by RF
energy during transmissions
To protect the antenna from lightning damage and provide a
good ground system for the installation
To increase the property value through increased security
awareness
To reduce the possibility that animals will damage the antenna
21. Why should a protective fence be placed around the base of
a ground-mounted parabolic dish transmitting antenna?
To reduce the possibility that animals will damage the antenna
To reduce the possibility of persons being harmed by RF
energy during transmissions
To increase the property value through increased security
awareness
To protect the antenna from lightning damage and provide a
good ground system for the installation
22. A transmitter has an output of 100 watts. The cable and
connectors have a composite loss of 3 dB, and the antenna has
a gain of 6 dB. What is the Effective Radiated Power?
200 watts
300 watts
400 watts
350 watts
23. As standing wave ratio rises, so does the loss in the
transmission line. This is caused by:
leakage to ground through the dielectric
high antenna currents
dielectric and conductor heat losses
high antenna voltage
24. What is the Effective Radiated Power of an amateur
transmitter, if the transmitter output power is 200 watts, the
transmission line loss is 5 watts, and the antenna power gain is 3
dB?
228 watts
197 watts
178 watts
390 watts
25. Effective Radiated Power means the:
ratio of signal output power to signal input power
transmitter output power, minus line losses, plus antenna gain
power supplied to the feedline plus antenna gain
power supplied to the antenna before the modulation of the
carrier
26. How can an antenna system be protected from lightning
damage?
Install a balun at the antenna feed point
Install a fuse in the antenna feed line
Install an RF choke in the antenna feed line
Ground all antennas when they are not in use
27. How can amateur station equipment best be protected from
lightning damage?
Use heavy insulation on the wiring
Disconnect the ground system from all radios
Disconnect all equipment from the power lines and antenna
cables
Never turn off the equipment
28. What equipment should be worn for working on an antenna
tower?
A reflective vest of approved color
Approved equipment in accordance with provincial safety
standards concerning climbing
A flashing red, yellow or white light
A grounding chain
29. Why should you wear a safety belt if you are working on an
antenna tower?
To safely bring any tools you might use up and down the tower
To prevent you from accidentally falling
To safely hold your tools so they don't fall and injure someone
on the ground
To keep the tower from becoming unbalanced while you are
working c
30. For safety, how high should you place a horizontal wire
antenna?
Just high enough so you can easily reach it for adjustments or
repairs
 High enough so that no one can touch any part of it from the
ground
Above high-voltage electrical lines
As close to the ground as possible
31. Why should you wear a hard hat if you are on the ground
helping someone work on an antenna tower?
To keep RF energy away from your head during antenna
testing
So someone passing by will know that work is being done on
the tower and will stay away
To protect your head from something dropped from the tower
So you won't be hurt if the tower should accidentally fall
32. Why should your outside antennas be high enough so that
no one can touch them while you are transmitting?
Touching the antenna might cause television interference
Touching the antenna might cause RF burns
Touching the antenna might reflect the signal back to the
transmitter and cause damage
Touching the antenna might radiate harmonics
33. Why should you make sure that no one can touch an open-
wire feed line while you are transmitting with it?
Because contact might break the feed line
Because contact might cause a short circuit and damage the
transmitter
Because high-voltage radio energy might burn the person
Because contact might cause spurious emissions
34. What safety precautions should you take before beginning
repairs on an antenna?
Be sure to turn off the transmitter and disconnect the feed line
Turn off the main power switch in your house
Be sure you and the antenna structure are grounded
Inform your neighbors so they are aware of your intentions
35. What precaution should you take when installing a ground-
mounted antenna?
It should not be installed higher than you can reach
It should not be installed in a wet area
It should be installed so no one can come in contact with it
It should be painted so people or animals do not accidentally
run into it
36. What should you do for safety when operating at 1270
MHz?
Never use a horizontally polarized antenna
Make sure that an RF leakage filter is installed at the antenna
feed point
Make sure the standing wave ratio is low before you conduct a
test
Keep antenna away from your eyes when RF is applied
37. What should you do for safety if you put up a UHF
transmitting antenna?
Make sure the antenna will be in a place where no one can get
near it when you are transmitting
Make sure the antenna is near the ground to keep its RF energy
pointing in the correct direction
Make sure you connect an RF leakage filter at the antenna feed
point
Make sure that RF field screens are in place
38. What should you do for safety, before removing the shielding
on a UHF power amplifier?
Make sure the amplifier cannot accidentally be turned on
Make sure that RF leakage filters are connected
Make sure all RF screens are in place at the antenna feed line
Make sure the antenna feed line is properly grounded
39. Why should you make sure the antenna of a hand-held
transceiver is not close to your head when transmitting?
To keep static charges from building up
To use your body to reflect the signal in one direction
To help the antenna radiate energy equally in all directions
To reduce your exposure to the radiofrequency energy
40. How should you position the antenna of a hand-held
transceiver while you are transmitting?
Away from your head and away from others
Pointed towards the station you are contacting
Pointed away from the station you are contacting
Pointed down to bounce the signal off the ground
41. How can exposure to a large amount of RF energy affect body
tissue?
It paralyzes the tissue
It produces genetic changes in the tissue
It heats the tissue
It causes radiation poisoning
42. Which body organ is the most likely to be damaged from the
heating effects of RF radiation?
Hands
Eyes
Liver
Heart
43. Depending on the wavelength of the signal, the energy
density of the RF field, and other factors, in what way can RF
energy affect body tissue?
It produces genetic changes in the tissue
It causes radiation poisoning
It heats the tissue
It causes blood flow to stop
44. If you operate your amateur station with indoor antennas,
what precautions should you take when you install them?
 Position the antennas along the edge of a wall where it meets 51. The effects of fading due to multipath reception are often
the floor or ceiling to reduce parasitic radiation reduced using:
Locate the antennas close to your operating position to
minimize feed-line length diversity
Position the antennas parallel to electrical power wires to take power
advantage of parasitic effects high-gain antennas
Locate the antennas as far away as possible from living spaces all of the above
that will be occupied while you are operating
52. Repeaters are used in a microwave system:
45. Why should directional high- gain antennas be mounted
higher than nearby structures? always
below 10 GHz
So they will not damage nearby structures with RF energy above 10 GHz
So they will not direct RF energy toward people in nearby when distance exceeds line-of-sight
structures
So they will receive more sky waves and fewer ground waves 53. Microwave repeaters can be:
So they will be dried by the wind after a heavy rain storm
baseband type
regenerative type
46. For best RF safety, where should the ends and center of a IF type
dipole antenna be located? all of the above

Near or over moist ground so RF energy will be radiated away 54. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the _______ is
from the ground connected to the radio frequency amplifier and the high
As close to the transmitter as possible so RF energy will be frequency oscillator.
concentrated near the transmitter
As high as possible to prevent people from coming in contact beat frequency oscillator
with the antenna filter
Close to the ground so simple adjustments can be easily made mixer
without climbing a ladder product detector

47. What type of propagation usually occurs from one hand- 55. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the output of the
held VHF transceiver to another nearby? _______ is connected to the mixer.

Sky-wave propagation high frequency oscillator

Auroral propagation intermediate frequency amplifier
Tunnel propagation beat frequency oscillator
Line-of-sight propagation product detector

48. Satisfactory performance of an analog microwave system is 56. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the _______ is in
defined as: between the mixer and intermediate frequency amplifier.

none of the above beat frequency oscillator

an energy-per-hertz level that exceeds a given value radio frequency amplifier
an ERP level that exceeds a given value filter
a carrier-to-noise ratio that exceeds a given value product detector

49. Satisfactory performance of a digital microwave system 57. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the _______ is in
requires a: between the filter and product detector.

low level of transmitted power intermediate frequency amplifier

good energy per bit per noise density ratio radio frequency amplifier
high level of ERP audio frequency amplifier
good energy per bit per transmitted Watt ratio beat frequency oscillator

50. Fading is caused by: 58. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the _______ output is
connected to the audio frequency amplifier.
multipath reception
all of the above intermediate frequency amplifier
attenuation due to weather high frequency oscillator
ducting product detector
beat frequency oscillator
 the mixing of more than one signal in the mixer of a
59. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the output of the superheterodyne receiver
_______ is connected to the product detector.
67. In a single sideband transmitter, the output of the _______ is
No answer text provided. connected to the balanced modulator.
beat frequency oscillator
radio frequency amplifier variable frequency oscillator
mixaudio frequency amplifierer radio frequency oscillator
linear amplifier
60. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the _______ is mixer
connected to the output of the product detector.
68. In a single sideband transmitter, the output of the _______ is
radio frequency amplifier connected to the filter.
audio frequency amplifier
high frequency oscillator radio frequency oscillator
intermediate frequency amplifier microphone
mixer
61. In a single sideband and CW receiver, the _______ is balanced modulator
connected to the output of the audio frequency amplifier.
69. In a single sideband transmitter, the _______ is in between
speaker and/or headphones the balanced modulator and the mixer.
beat frequency oscillator
radio frequency amplifier microphone
mixer speech amplifier
filter
62. What determines the amount of deviation of an FM signal? radio frequency oscillator
The frequency of the modulating signal
The amplitude of the modulating signal 70. In a single sideband transmitter, the _______ is connected to
The relative phase of the modulating signal and the carrier the speech amplifier.
Both the frequency and amplitude of the modulating signal
radio frequency oscillator
63. What happens when the deviation of an FM transmitter is microphone
increased? mixer
filter
Its output power and bandwidth increase
Its signal occupies more bandwidth 71. In a single sideband transmitter, the output of the _______ is
Asymmetric modulation occurs connected to the balanced modulator.
Its output power increases
variable frequency oscillator
64. What is the term for the blocking of one FM phone signal by filter
another, stronger FM phone signal? speech amplifier
linear amplifier
Capture effect
Frequency discrimination 72. In a single sideband transmitter, the output of the variable
Cross-modulation interference frequency oscillator is connected to the _______.
Desensitization
mixer
65. What is the term for the reduction in receiver sensitivity linear amplifier
caused by a strong signal near the received frequency? antenna
Desensitization balanced modulator
Quieting
Cross-modulation interference 73. In a single sideband transmitter, the output of the _______ is
Squelch gain rollback connected to the mixer.

66. Intermodulation distortion is produced by: variable frequency oscillator

linear amplifier
the interaction of products from high-powered transmitters in radio frequency oscillator
the area antenna
the mixing of more than one signal in the first or second
intermediate frequency amplifiers of a receiver 74. In a single sideband transmitter, the _______ is in between
the high-voltage stages in the final amplifier of an amplitude or the mixer and the antenna.
frequency-modulated transmitter
 variable frequency oscillator
linear amplifier A device used to connect a transmitter to a directional antenna
radio frequency oscillator A device used to measure transmission line power
balanced modulator A coupling device for matching impedance
An SWR measuring instrument
B-003-06-09
75. In a single sideband transmitter, the output of the linear 83. Why is it important to have a low SWR in an antenna system
amplifier is connected to the _______. that uses coaxial cable feedline?

variable frequency oscillator All of these choices are correct

antenna To reduce television interference
filter To prolong antenna life
speech amplifier To allow the efficient transfer of power and reduce losses

76. The FM modulation index: 84. What is the impedance of the most commonly used coaxial
cable in typical amateur radio installations?
is equal to twice the deviation
increases with both deviation and modulation frequency 50 ohms
increases with deviation and decreases with modulation 600 ohms
frequency 8 ohms
decreases with deviation and increases with modulation 12 ohms
frequency
85. Why is coaxial cable used more often than any other feedline
77. One way to derive FM from PM is: for amateur radio antenna systems?

differentiate the modulating signal before applying to the PM It is easy to use and requires few special installation
oscillator considerations
integrate the modulating signal before applying to the PM It has less loss than any other type of feedline
oscillator It can handle more power than any other type of feedline
integrate the signal out of the PM oscillator It is less expensive than any other types of feedline
differentiate the signal out of the PM oscillator
86. What does an antenna tuner do?
78. For a transmission line load matching over a range of
frequencies, it is best to use a It automatically selects the proper antenna for the frequency
band being used
broadband directional coupler It helps a receiver automatically tune in weak stations
balun It allows an antenna to be used on both transmit and receive
double stub It matches the antenna system impedance to the transceiver’s
single stud of adjustable position output impedance

79. The main disadvantage of the two-hole directional couple is 87. What generally happens as the frequency of a signal passing
through coaxial cable is increased?
poor directivity
narrow bandwidth The reflected power increases
low directional coupling The loss increases
high SWR The characteristic impedance increases
The apparent SWR increases
80. To couple a coaxial line to a parallel wire, it is best to use a
88. Which of the following connectors is most suitable for
balun frequencies above 400 MHz?
slotted line
directional coupler A UHF (PL-259/SO-239) connector
quarter wave transformer An RS-213 connector
A DB-23 connector
81. Indicate the three types of transmission line energy losses A Type N connector

Radiation, (I^2)R, and dielectric heating 89. Which of the following is true of PL-259 type coax
Dielectric separation, insulation breakdown, and radiation connectors?
Conductor heating, dielectric heating, and radiation resistance
(I^2)R, RL, and temperature The are commonly used at HF frequencies
They are good for UHF frequencies
82. Indicate the true statement below. The directional coupler is They are a bayonet type connector
 They are water tight
0.10
90. Why should coax connectors exposed to the weather be 2.70
sealed against water intrusion? 0.66
0.30
To prevent an increase in feedline loss
To prevent interference to telephones 98. What is the approximate physical length of a solid
To keep the jacket from becoming loose polyethylene dielectric coaxial transmission line that is
All of these choices are correct electrically one-quarter wavelength long at 14.1 MHz?

91. What might cause erratic changes in SWR readings? 20 meters

0.2 meters
The transmitter is being over-modulated 2.3 meters
The transmitter is being modulated 3.5 meters
A loose connection in an antenna or a feedline
Interference from other stations is distorting your signal 99. How does ladder line compare to small-diameter coaxial
cable such as RG-58 at 50 MHz?
92. What electrical difference exists between the smaller RG-58
and larger RG-8 coaxial cables? Lower loss
Smaller reflection coefficient
RG-58 cable has less loss at a given frequency Lower velocity factor
RG-58 cable can handle higher power levels Higher SWR
There is no significant difference between the two types
RG-8 cable has less loss at a given frequency 100. What is the term for the ratio of the actual speed at which a
signal travels through a transmission line to the speed of light in a
93. Which of the following types of feedline has the lowest loss vacuum?
at VHF and UHF?
Standing wave ratio
50-ohm flexible coax Characteristic impedance
75-ohm flexible coax Velocity factor
Multi-conductor unbalanced cable Surge impedance
Air-insulated hard line

94. What is the velocity factor of a transmission line?

The velocity of the wave in the transmission line multiplied by

the velocity of light in a vacuum
The index of shielding for coaxial cable
The ratio of the characteristic impedance of the line to the
terminating impedance
The velocity of the wave in the transmission line divided by the
velocity of light in a vacuum

95. Which of the following determines the velocity factor of a

transmission line?

The termination impedance

Dielectric materials used in the line
The center conductor resistivity
The line length

96. Why is the physical length of a coaxial cable transmission

line shorter than its electrical length?

Skin effect is less pronounced in the coaxial cable

The surge impedance is higher in a parallel feed line
Electrical signals move more slowly in a coaxial cable than in
air
The characteristic impedance is higher in a parallel feed line

97. What is the typical velocity factor for a coaxial cable with
solid polyethylene dielectric?