Xi New Important 5 Mark Q&A.kalvichudar

7.mzpfSk; mzpf;NfhitfSk;.
|𝐴| −d; Kjd;ik %iytpl;l cWg;Gfspd; gb = 5 = 2𝑝𝑞𝑟(𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟)3

1.fhuzpj;Njw;wj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ∵ 𝑚 = 5 − 3 = 2, kPjKs;s kw;nwhU fhuzp 𝒃+𝒄 𝒂−𝒄 𝒂−𝒃
𝑥+1 3 5 𝑘(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) + 𝑙(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥) MFk;. 4.|𝒃 − 𝒄 𝒄 + 𝒂 𝒃 − 𝒂| = 𝟖𝒂𝒃𝒄 vd epWTf.
| 2 𝑥+2 5 | = (𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 + 9) vd epWTf. 1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝒄−𝒃 𝒄−𝒂 𝒂+𝒃
2 3 𝑥+4 |1 𝑦 2 𝑦 3 | = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥)[𝑘(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) + 𝑏+𝑐 𝑎−𝑐 𝑎−𝑏
𝑥+1 3 5 |𝐴| = |𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑏 − 𝑎| vd;f.
|𝐴| = | 2 𝑥+2 5 | vd;f. 1 𝑧2 𝑧3
𝑙(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥)] → (1) 𝑐−𝑏 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎+𝑏
2 3 𝑥+4 𝑎 = 0 vdpy; |𝐴| = 0. vdNt 𝑎 fhuzpahFk;.
2 3 5 rkd; (1) −y; 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 2 vdg;gpujpapl,
𝑏 = 0 vdpy; |𝐴| = 0. vdNt 𝑏 fhuzpahFk;.
𝑥 = 1 vdpy; |𝐴| = |2 3 5| = 0 5𝑘 + 2𝑙 = 2 → (2)
𝑐 = 0 vdpy; |𝐴| = 0. vdNt 𝑐 fhuzpahFk;.
2 3 5 rkd; (1) −y; 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −1, 𝑧 = 1 vdg;gpujpapl,
%d;W epiufSk; rh;trkk;, vdNt (𝑥 − 1)2 fhuzpahFk;. ∴ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 vd;gJ |𝐴| −d; fhuzpahFk;.
2𝑘 − 𝑙 = −1 → (2)
fhuzpfspd; gb = 3
𝑥 = −9 vdpy; |𝐴| = 0, vdNt (𝑥 + 9) fhuzpahFk;. rkd; (2), (3) − Ij; jPh;f;f, 𝑘 = 0 ; 𝑙 = 1 |𝐴| −d; Kjd;ik %iytpl;l cWg;Gfspd; gb = 3
∴ (𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 + 9) vd;gJ |𝐴| −d; fhuzpahFk;. 1 𝑥2 𝑥3 ∵ 𝑚 = 3 − 3 = 0, kPjKs;s kw;nwhU fhuzp 𝑘 MFk;.
fhuzpfspd; gb = 3 ∴ |1 𝑦 2 𝑦 3 | = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥)(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥) 𝑏+𝑐 𝑎−𝑐 𝑎−𝑏
|𝐴| −d; Kjd;ik %iytpl;l cWg;Gfspd; gb = 3
1 𝑧2 𝑧3 |𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑏 − 𝑎| = 𝑘𝑎𝑏𝑐 → (1)
∵ 𝑚 = 3 − 3 = 0, kPjKs;s kw;nwhU fhuzp 𝑘 MFk;. (𝒒 + 𝒓)𝟐 𝒑𝟐 𝒑𝟐 𝑐−𝑏 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎+𝑏
𝑥+1 3 5 𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 = 1, 𝑐 = 2 vd gpujpapl⟹ 𝑘 = 8
3. |𝑨| = | 𝒒𝟐 (𝒓 + 𝒑)𝟐 𝒒𝟐 | = 𝟐𝒑𝒒𝒓(𝒑 + 𝒒 +
| 2 𝑥+2 5 | = 𝑘(𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 + 9) → (1) 𝑏+𝑐 𝑎−𝑐 𝑎−𝑏
2 3 𝑥+4 𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝟐 (𝒑 + 𝒒)𝟐
𝟑 (1) ⟹ |𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑏 − 𝑎| = 8𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝑥 3 −d; cWg;Gfis ,UGwKk; rkd;gLj;j, 𝑘 = 1 MFk;. 𝒓) vd epWTf.
𝑐−𝑏 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎+𝑏
𝑥+1 3 5 (𝑞 + 𝑟)2 𝑝2 𝑝2 𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑎 𝑎2
(1) ⟹ | 2 𝑥+2 5 | = (𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 + 9) |𝐴| = | 𝑞 2 (𝑟 + 𝑝)2 𝑞2 | 5.| 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 2 | = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎) vd
2 3 𝑥+4 𝑟2 𝑟2 (𝑝 + 𝑞)2 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑐 𝑐2
𝑥 𝑎 𝑎
𝑝 = 0 vdpy; |𝐴| = 0 ⟹ 𝑝 xU fhuzp. epWTf.
nra;J ghh;:1) |𝑎 𝑥 𝑎| = (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 (𝑥 + 2𝑎) vd epWTf. 𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑎 𝑎2
𝑎 𝑎 𝑥 𝑞 = 0 vdpy; |𝐴| = 0 ⟹ 𝑞 xU fhuzp
𝑟 = 0 vdpy; |𝐴| = 0 ⟹ 𝑟 xU fhuzp |𝐴| = |𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 2 | vd;f.
1 1 1
𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟 = 0 vdpy; |𝐴| = 0. NkYk; %d;W epiufSk; 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑐 𝑐2
2) | 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 | = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥) vd epWTf.
𝑎 = 𝑏 vdpy; |𝐴| = 0 ⟹ (𝑎 − 𝑏) xU fhuzp.
2
𝑥 𝑦 2
𝑧2 rh;trkk;, vdNt (𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟)2 xU fhuzpahFk;.
𝑏 = 𝑐 vdpy; |𝐴| = 0 ⟹ (𝑏 − 𝑐) xU fhuzp.
∴ 𝑝𝑞𝑟(𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟)2 vd;gJ |𝐴| −d; fhuzpahFk;.
𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑 𝑐 = 𝑎 vdpy; |𝐴| = 0 ⟹ (𝑐 − 𝑎) xU fhuzp.
fhuzpfspd; gb = 5
2.|𝟏 𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟑 | = (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒚 − 𝒛)(𝒛 − 𝒙)(𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝒛 + 𝒛𝒙) vd ∴ (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎) vd;gJ |𝐴| −d; fhuzpahFk;.
|𝐴| −d; Kjd;ik %iytpl;l cWg;Gfspd; gb = 6
𝟏 𝒛𝟐 𝒛𝟑 fhuzpfspd; gb = 3
∵ 𝑚 = 6 − 5 = 1, kPjKs;s kw;nwhU fhuzp 𝑘(𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟)
epWTf. MFk;. |𝐴| −d; Kjd;ik %iytpl;l cWg;Gfspd; gb = 4
1 𝑥2 𝑥3 (𝑞 + 𝑟)2 𝑝2 𝑝2 ∵ 𝑚 = 4 − 3 = 1, kPjKs;s kw;nwhU fhuzp 𝑘(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
|𝐴| = |1 𝑦 2 𝑦 3 | vd;f. MFk;.
| 𝑞2 (𝑟 + 𝑝)2 𝑞 2 | = 𝑘𝑝𝑞𝑟(𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟)3 → (1) 𝑏+𝑐 𝑎 𝑎2
1 𝑧2 𝑧3
𝑥 = 𝑦 vdpy; |𝐴| = 0 ⟹ (𝑥 − 𝑦) xU fhuzp. 𝑟2 𝑟2 (𝑝 + 𝑞)2 |𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 2 | = 𝑘(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎) → (1)
𝑦 = 𝑧 vdpy; |𝐴| = 0 ⟹ (𝑦 − 𝑧) xU fhuzp. 𝑝 = 1, 𝑞 = 1, 𝑟 = 1 vdg;gpujpapl, 𝑘 = 2 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐 𝑐2
𝑧 = 𝑥 vdpy; |𝐴| = 0 ⟹ (𝑧 − 𝑥) xU fhuzp. (𝑞 + 𝑟)2 𝑝2 𝑝2 𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 = 1, 𝑐 = 2 vd gpujpapl⟹ 𝑘 = 1
∴ (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥) vd;gJ |𝐴| −d; fhuzpahFk;. ∴ (1) ⟹ | 𝑞 2 (𝑟 + 𝑝)2 𝑞2 |
fhuzpfspd; gb = 3 𝑟2 𝑟2 (𝑝 + 𝑞)2
V.GNANAMURUGAN, PGT, GHSS, S.S.KOTTAI, SIVAGANGAI DT – 94874 43870 Page 1

𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑎 𝑎2 1 𝑥 𝑥2 1 − 2𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 −2 −3 1
(1) ⟹ |𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 2 | = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎) 2 2 1 1
8. |𝑥 1 𝑥| = | −𝑥 −1 𝑥 − 2𝑥| vd epWTf. = |2 | 3 2 1|| = |2 (−20 + 12 − 22)|
𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑐 𝑐2 𝑥 𝑥 1 −𝑥 2 2
𝑥 − 2𝑥 −1 −1 −8 1
4−𝑥 4+𝑥 4+𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥2 1 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥 = |−15| =15 r.m
6.jPh;f;f: |4 + 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 4 + 𝑥| = 0 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = |𝑥 1 𝑥| = |𝑥 1 𝑥| × |𝑥 1 𝑥| nra;J ghh;: (0,0), (1,2), (4,3) vd;w cr;rpg;Gs;spfisf;
4+𝑥 4+𝑥 4−𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥 1 nfhz;l Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; gug;igf; fhz;f.
4−𝑥 4+𝑥 4+𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥
|𝐴| = |4 + 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 4 + 𝑥| vd;f. 11. (−𝟑, 𝟎), (𝟑, 𝟎), (𝟎, 𝒌) vd;w cr;rpg;Gs;spfisf; nfhz;l
= |𝑥 1 𝑥| × (−1)(−1) |−𝑥 −1 −𝑥|
4+𝑥 4+𝑥 4−𝑥 Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; gug;G 9 rJu myFfs; vdpy; 𝒌 −d;
𝑥 𝑥 1 −𝑥 −𝑥 −1 kjpg;igf; fhz;f.
epiu – epuy; ngUf;fy;gb,
12 + 𝑥 12 + 𝑥 12 + 𝑥 Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; gug;G= 9 r.m
=|4+𝑥 1 − 2𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 −𝑥 2
4−𝑥 4 + 𝑥 | 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 𝑥1 𝑦1 1
= | −𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 | = 𝑅𝐻𝑆 1
4+𝑥 4+𝑥 4−𝑥 2 2 ⟹ |2 |𝑥2 𝑦2 1|| = 9
1 1 1 −𝑥 𝑥 − 2𝑥 −1
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 𝑥3 𝑦3 1
= (12 + 𝑥) |4 + 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 4 + 𝑥|
4+𝑥 4+𝑥 4−𝑥 9. |𝐴| = |𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 | vd;f.𝑎𝑖 , 𝑏𝑖 , 𝑐𝑖 , 𝑖 = 1,2,3 vd;gtw;wpd; 1
−3 0 1
1
1 0 0 𝐶 →𝐶 −𝐶 𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3 ⟹ |2 | 3 0 1|| = 9 ⟹ |2 (−𝑘)(−3 − 3)| = 9
= (12 + 𝑥) |4 + 𝑥 −2𝑥 −2𝑥| 2 2 1 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 0 𝑘 1
𝐶3 → 𝐶3 − 𝐶2
4+𝑥 0 −2𝑥 ,izf;fhuzpfs; 𝐴𝑖 , 𝐵𝑖 , 𝐶𝑖 vdpy; |𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 | = |𝐴|2 1
⟹ |2 (6𝑘)| = 9 ⟹ |3𝑘| = 9 ⟹ 𝑘 = ±3
𝑅1 topNa tphpTgLj;j, 𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3
= (12 + 𝑥)4𝑥 2 vd epWTf. nra;J ghh;: (𝑘, 2), (2,4), (3,2) vd;w cr;rpg;Gs;spfisf;
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 nfhz;l Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; gug;G 9 rJu myFfs; vdpy;
|𝐴| = 0 ⟹ (12 + 𝑥)4𝑥 2 = 0
|𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 | × |𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 | 𝑘 −d; kjpg;igf; fhz;f.
⟹ 4𝑥 2 = 0 my;yJ ⟹ (12 + 𝑥) = 0
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3 𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3 12.(𝑎, 𝑏 + 𝑐), (𝑏, 𝑐 + 𝑎), (𝑐, 𝑎 + 𝑏) vd;gd xU Nfhlikg;
⟹ 𝑥 = 0 (,UKiw) , 𝑥 = −12 Gs;spfs; vd epWTf.
𝟐𝒃𝒄 − 𝒂𝟐 𝒄𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄𝟐 epiu – epiu ngUf;fy;gb,
𝑎1 𝐴1 + 𝑏1 𝐵1 + 𝑐1 𝐶1 𝑎1 𝐴2 + 𝑏1 𝐵2 + 𝑐1 𝐶2 𝑎1 𝐴3 + 𝑏1 𝐵3 + 𝑐1 𝐶3 𝑥1 𝑦1 1
7.| 𝒄𝟐 𝟐𝒄𝒂 − 𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐 | = |𝒃 𝒄 𝒂| vd = |𝑎2 𝐴1 + 𝑏2 𝐵1 + 𝑐2 𝐶1 𝑎2 𝐴2 + 𝑏2 𝐵2 + 𝑐2 𝐶2 𝑎2 𝐴3 + 𝑏2 𝐵3 + 𝑐2 𝐶3 |
1
Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; gug;G= |2 |𝑥2 𝑦2 1||
𝟐 𝟐
𝒃 𝒂 𝟐𝒂𝒃 − 𝒄𝟐 𝒄 𝒂 𝒃 𝑎3 𝐴1 + 𝑏3 𝐵1 + 𝑐3 𝐶1 𝑎3 𝐴2 + 𝑏3 𝐵2 + 𝑐3 𝐶2 𝑎3 𝐴3 + 𝑏3 𝐵3 + 𝑐3 𝐶3 𝑥3 𝑦3 1
epWTf.
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐2 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 |𝐴| 0 𝑎 𝑏+𝑐 1 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑏+𝑐 1
0 1 1
𝑅𝐻𝑆 = |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎| = |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎| × |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎| = |2 |𝑏 𝑐+𝑎 1|| = |2 |𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 1|| 𝐶1 → 𝐶1 + 𝐶2
= | 0 |𝐴| 0 | = |𝐴|3 𝑐 𝑎+𝑏 1 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎+𝑏 1
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 0 0 |𝐴|
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 1 𝑏+𝑐 1
1
= |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎| × (−1) | 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 | 𝑅2 ↔ 𝑅3 3
|𝐴| × |𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 | = |𝐴| ⟹ |𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 | = |𝐴|2 = |2 (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) |1 𝑐 + 𝑎 1|| = 0 (∵ 𝐶1 = 𝐶2 )
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3 𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3 1 𝑎+𝑏 1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 −𝑎 −𝑏 −𝑐 vdNt nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Gs;spfs; xU Nfhliktd
= |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎| × | 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏| 10.(−𝟐, −𝟑), (𝟑, 𝟐), (−𝟏, −𝟖) vd;w cr;rpg;Gs;spfisf; MFk;.
nfhz;l Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; gug;igf; fhz;f.
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎+𝑏
epiu – epuy; ngUf;fy;gb, 𝑥1 𝑦1 1
1 13.𝐴 = [𝑏 𝑐 𝑎] kw;Wk; 𝐵 = [ 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑏 + 𝑐 ]
2𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎2 𝑐2 𝑏2 Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; gug;G= | | 2 𝑦2𝑥 1||
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎
2
= | 𝑐2 2𝑐𝑎 − 𝑏 2 𝑎2 | = 𝐿𝐻𝑆 𝑥3 𝑦3 1 Mfpatw;wpd; mzpf;Nfhitfis tphpTgLj;jhky; |𝐵| =
2 2
𝑏 𝑎 2𝑎𝑏 − 𝑐 2 2|𝐴| vd epWTf.

𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑏 2 + 𝑏𝑐 𝑐 2 + 𝑐𝑎 xU %ykhFk; vd epWTf.
|𝐵| = |𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑏 + 𝑐| = 2 |𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑏2 𝑎𝑐 | 𝐶3 topNa tphpTgLj;j,
𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎𝑏 2
𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 𝑐2 (𝑎𝛼 + 𝑏)[𝑏 2 𝛼 + 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑐𝛼 − 𝑏𝑐]
2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) 2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 𝑅 → 𝑅 − 𝑅 − (𝑏𝛼 + 𝑐)[𝑎𝑏𝛼 + 𝑎𝑐 − 𝑎𝑏𝛼 − 𝑏 2 ] = 0
=| 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 | 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 2 2 1
𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎
= 2| 0 −𝑏𝑐 −𝑐 2 | 𝑅 → 𝑅 − 𝑅 ⟹ (𝑎𝛼 + 𝑏)[𝑏 𝛼 − 𝑎𝑐𝛼] − (𝑏𝛼 + 𝑐)[𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏 2 ] = 0
2
3 3 1
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑅 →𝑅 −𝑅 −𝑎2 0 −𝑐𝑎 ⟹ 𝛼(𝑎𝛼 + 𝑏)(𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐) + (𝑏𝛼 + 𝑐)(𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐) = 0
= 2 | −𝑏 −𝑐
2 2
−𝑎 | 𝑅 → 𝑅 − 𝑅
1 𝐶1 topNa tphpTgLj;j, ⟹ (𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐)[𝑎𝛼 2 + 𝑏𝛼 + 𝑏𝛼 + 𝑐] = 0
−𝑐 −𝑎 −𝑏 3 3 1 = 2[(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏)(𝑎𝑏𝑐 2 ) − 𝑎2 (−𝑏 2 𝑐 2 − 𝑏𝑐 3 + 𝑏𝑐 3 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 2 )] ⟹ (𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐)[𝑎𝛼 2 + 2𝑏𝛼 + 𝑐] = 0
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 = 2[𝑎3 𝑏𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 − 𝑎3 𝑏𝑐 2 ] = 2[2𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 ] ⟹ 𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐 = 0 (𝑜𝑟) 𝑎𝛼 2 + 2𝑏𝛼 + 𝑐 = 0
= 2(−1)(−1) |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎| 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 = 2|𝐴| = 4𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 ⟹ 𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑐 ⟹ 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 xU 𝐺. 𝑃 kw;Wk;
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝟏+𝒂 𝟏 𝟏 𝛼 vd;gJ 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 −d; xU %yk;.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 16.| 𝟏 𝟏+𝒃 𝟏 | = 𝒂𝒃𝒄 (𝟏 + 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 ) vd 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝒃 𝒂𝒄
14.| 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑐𝑎 𝑐 2 𝑎2 | = 0 vd epWTf. 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏+𝒄 𝟐 𝟐
epWTf. 18.| 𝒂𝒃 𝒃 +𝒙 𝒃𝒄 | vd;w mzpf;Nfhit
𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎𝑏 𝑎2 𝑏 2
𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 1+𝑎 1 1 𝒂𝒄 𝒃𝒄 𝒄 + 𝒙𝟐
𝟐
| 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑐𝑎 𝑐 2 𝑎2 | | 1 1+𝑏 1 | 𝒙𝟒 My; tFgLk; vd epWTf.

1 1 1+𝑐 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 , 𝑅3 −I KiwNa 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 −My; ngUf;f,
𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎𝑏 𝑎2 𝑏 2
𝑅1 , 𝑅2 , 𝑅3 −I KiwNa 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 −My; ngUf;f, 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 , 𝑅3 −I KiwNa 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 −My; tFf;f, 𝑎(𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑎2 𝑏 𝑎2 𝑐
1 1 1 1
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑐 2 +1 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 | 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑏(𝑏 2 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑏2 𝑐 |
1 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 2 2 2 2
= 𝑎𝑏𝑐 |𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑏𝑐 2 𝑎2 | 1 1 1 𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑐(𝑐 + 𝑥 )
𝑐𝑎 + 𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑐𝑎2 𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 || 𝑏 𝑏
+1
𝑏
|
| 𝐶1 , 𝐶2 , 𝐶3 −,y; ,Ue;J 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 −I ntspNa vLf;f,
𝐶2 , 𝐶3 −,y; ,Ue;J 𝑎𝑏𝑐 −I ntspNa vLf;f, 1 1 1
+1 (𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑎2 𝑎2
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 1 𝑏𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝑎𝑏𝑐×𝑎𝑏𝑐 1
1+ + +
1 1
1+ + +
1 1 1 1
1+ + +
1 1 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 | 𝑏2 (𝑏 2 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑏2 |
= 𝑎𝑏𝑐 |𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏 1 𝑐𝑎 | 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 𝑐 𝑐 (𝑐 + 𝑥 )
𝑐𝑎 + 𝑏𝑐 1 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 || +1 | 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3
|
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 1 𝑏𝑐 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 ⟹
1 1 1
= 𝑎𝑏𝑐 |𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 1 𝑐𝑎 | 𝐶1 → 𝐶1 + 𝐶3 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐
+1 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2
1 1 1
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 1 𝑎𝑏 𝑅1 − ,y; ,Ue;J 1 + 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 −I ntspNa vLf;f, | 𝑏2 (𝑏 2 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑏2 |
𝐶1 − ,y; ,Ue;J (𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎) −I ntspNa vLf;f, 2 2 (𝑐 2 2)
1 1 1 𝑐 𝑐 +𝑥
1 1 𝑏𝑐 1 1 1 1 1+1 1 𝑅1 −,y; ,Ue;J 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 −I ntspNa vLf;f,
= 𝑎𝑏𝑐 (1 + + + ) | 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 |
= 𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎) |1 1 𝑐𝑎 | = 0 (∵ 𝐶1 = 𝐶2 ) 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
1 1 1 1 1 1
+1
1 1 𝑎𝑏 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 ) |𝑏 2 (𝑏 2 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑏2 |
𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝒄 𝒂𝒄 + 𝒄𝟐 1 0 0 2 2 2
(𝑐 + 𝑥 ) 2
𝑐 𝑐
𝟐 𝟐
𝒂𝒄 | = 𝟒𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒄𝟐 vd epWTf. 1 1 𝐶 → 𝐶2 − 𝐶1
15.|𝒂 + 𝒂𝒃 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 (1 + + + ) | 𝑏 1 0| 2
𝒃 1 1
1 0 0 𝐶 →𝐶 −𝐶
𝒃𝟐 + 𝒃𝒄 𝒄𝟐
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝐶3 → 𝐶3 − 𝐶1
𝒂𝒃 1
0 1 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 ) |𝑏 2 𝑥 2 0 | 2 2 1
𝑎 2
𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑐 2 𝑐 𝐶 → 𝐶 − 𝐶
1 𝑐2 0 𝑥2 3 3 1
2
|𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑏 2
𝑎𝑐 | = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 (1 +
𝑎
+ 1𝑏 + 1𝑐) (1)(1)(1) = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 (1 + 1𝑎 + 1𝑏 + 1𝑐) = (𝑥 + 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 )1. 𝑥 . 𝑥 = (𝑥 + 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 2 )𝑥 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
𝑎𝑏 𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 𝑐2 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝛼 + 𝑏 𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
2(𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏) 2(𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐) 2(𝑐 2 + 𝑐𝑎)
2 2
17.| 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏𝛼 + 𝑐 | = 0 vdpy;𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 vd;gd ∴| 𝑎𝑏 2
𝑏 +𝑥 2
𝑏𝑐 | vd;w mzpf;Nfhit 𝑥 4 My;
= | 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 𝑏2 𝑎𝑐 | 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 𝑎𝛼 + 𝑏 𝑏𝛼 + 𝑐 0 𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑐 + 𝑥2
2
𝑎𝑏 2
𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 𝑐 2 𝐺. 𝑃 −y; mikAk; my;yJ 𝛼 vd;gJ 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = tFgLk;.
0 −d; 19.𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄 vd;git kpif kw;Wk; mit xU 𝑮. 𝑷 −d;

𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 −𝟐 21 0 34 5 0 8 1 0 2
𝒑, 𝒒, 𝒓 MtJ cWg;Gfs; vdpy; |𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 𝒒 𝟏| = 𝟎 vd 21.𝑨 = [ 𝟒 −𝟓 𝟔 ] vdpy; 𝑨 vd;w mzpapd; midj;J ⟹ [12 8 23] − 6 [2 4 5 ] + 7 [0 2 1] + 𝑘𝐼 = 0
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒄 𝒓 𝟏 −𝟑 𝟓 𝟐 34 0 55 8 0 13 2 0 3
rpw;wzpf;Nfhitfs; kw;Wk; ,izfhuzpfisf; fhz;f. 21 0 34 −30 0 −48 7 0 14
epWTf. [12 8 23] + [−12 −24 −30] + [ 0 14 7 ] + 𝑘𝐼 = 0
,tw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp |𝑨| fhz;f. NkYk; ve;j xU epiu
.𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 vd;git xU 𝐺. 𝑃 −d; 𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟 MtJ cWg;Gfs;. 34 0 55 −48 0 −78 14 0 21
my;yJ epuiyg; gad;gLj;jp tphpTgLj;jpdhYk; |𝑨| −d;
𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 kjpg;G khWtjpy;iy vdr;rhpghh;f;f. −2 0 0
𝑡𝑝 = 𝑎 ⟹ 𝑎 = 𝐴𝑅 𝑝−1 ⟹ log 𝑎 = log 𝐴 + (𝑝 − 1) log 𝑅 rpw;wzpf;Nfhitfs;: ⟹ [ 0 −2 0 ] + 𝑘𝐼 = 0 ⟹ −2𝐼 + 𝑘𝐼 = 0 ⟹ 𝑘𝐼 = 2𝐼
𝑡𝑞 = 𝑏 ⟹ 𝑏 = 𝐴𝑅 𝑞−1 ⟹ log 𝑏 = log 𝐴 + (𝑞 − 1) log 𝑅 −5 6 4 6 0 0 −2
𝑀11 = | | = −40; 𝑀12 = | | = 26; ⟹𝑘=2
𝑡𝑟 = 𝑐 ⟹ 𝑐 = 𝐴𝑅 𝑟−1 ⟹ log 𝑐 = log 𝐴 + (𝑟 − 1) log 𝑅 5 2 −3 2
4 −5 3 −2 3 1 4 7
log 𝑎 𝑝 1 log 𝐴 + (𝑝 − 1) log 𝑅 𝑝 1 𝑀13 = | | = 5 𝑀21 = | | = 16; 2 0 −3
−3 5 5 2 23.𝐴 = [ ] , 𝐵 = [−1 0] , 𝐶 = [2 1 ] vdpy;
|log 𝑏 𝑞 1| = |log 𝐴 + (𝑞 − 1) log 𝑅 𝑞 1| 1 −2 1 3 1 4 5
𝑀22 = | | = −4; 𝑀23 = | | = 14 4 2 1 −1
log 𝑐 𝑟 1 log 𝐴 + (𝑟 − 1) log 𝑅 𝑟 1 −3 2 −3 5
3 −2 1 −2 𝐴(𝐵 + 𝐶) = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶 vDk; gz;gpidr; rhpghh;.
log 𝐴 𝑝 1 (𝑝 − 1) log 𝑅 𝑝 1 𝑀31 = | | = 8; 𝑀32 = | | = 14; 3 1 4 7 7 8
−5 6 4 6
= |log 𝐴 𝑞 1| + |(𝑞 − 1) log 𝑅 𝑞 1| 1 3 𝐵 + 𝐶 = [−1 0] + [2 1 ] = [1 1]
𝑀33 = | | = −17
log 𝐴 𝑟 1 (𝑟 − 1) log 𝑅 𝑟 1 4 −5 4 2 1 −1 5 1
1 𝑝 1 𝑝−1 𝑝 1 ,izfhuzpfs;: 7 8
−5 6 4 6 2 0 −3 −1 13
= log 𝐴 |1 𝑞 1| + log 𝑅 |𝑞 − 1 𝑞 1| 𝐴11 = | | = −40; 𝐴12 = − | | = −26; 𝐴(𝐵 + 𝐶) = [ ] [1 1] = [ ] → (1)
5 2 −3 2 1 4 5 36 17
1 𝑟 1 𝑟−1 𝑟 1 4 −5 3 −2 5 1
𝑝−1 𝑝−1 1 𝐴13 = | | = 5 𝐴21 = − | | = −16; 3 1
−3 5 5 2 2 0 −3 −6 −4
= 0 + log 𝑅 |𝑞 − 1 𝑞 − 1 1| 𝐶2 → 𝐶2 − 𝐶3 1 −2 1 3 𝐴𝐵 = [ ] [−1 0] = [ ]
𝐴22 = | | = −4; 𝐴23 = − | | = −14 1 4 5 19 11
𝑟−1 𝑟−1 1 −3 2 −3 5 4 2
3 −2 1 −2 4 7
log 𝑎 𝑝 1 𝐴31 = | | = 8; 𝐴32 = − | | = −14; 2 0 −3 5 17
−5 6 4 6 𝐴𝐶 = [ ] [2 1 ] = [ ]
∴ |log 𝑏 𝑞 1| = 0 𝐴33 = |
1 3
| = −17 1 4 5 17 6
4 −5 1 −1
log 𝑐 𝑟 1 −6 −4 5 17 −1 13
𝟏 𝑅1 topNa tphpTgLj;j, 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶 = [ ]+[ ]=[ ] → (2)
𝜶 19 11 17 6 36 17
𝟏 𝟏 |𝐴| = 1(−40) − 3(26) − 2(5) = −128 (1), (2) ,y; ,Ue;J 𝐴(𝐵 + 𝐶) = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶.
20.𝑨 = [ 𝟐 𝟏 ] vdpy;
∑𝒏𝒌=𝟏 𝒅𝒆𝒕(𝑨𝒌 ) = (𝟏 − 𝒏 ) vd
𝟎 𝟑 𝟒 𝐶1 topNa tphpTgLj;j, 1 2 3 −7 −8 −9
𝟐 |𝐴| = 1(−40) − 4(16) − 3(8) = −128 24.𝐴 [ ]=[ ] vd;w
epWTf. 4 5 6 2 4 6
1
∴ ve;j xU epiu my;yJ epuiyg; gad;gLj;jp mzpr;rkd;ghl;bid epiwT nra;Ak; 𝐴 vd;w mzpiaf;
𝛼 1 1 1 2 1 3 tphpTgLj;jpdhYk; |𝐴| −d; kjpg;G khWtjpy;iy. fhz;f.
|𝐴| = | 2 1| = 4 − 0 = 4 ; |𝐴|2 = (4) ; |𝐴|3 = (4) ; … 𝟏 𝟎 𝟐 𝑎 𝑏
0 𝐴=[ ] vd;f.
2 22.𝑨 = [𝟎 𝟐 𝟏] kw;Wk; 𝑨𝟑 − 𝟔𝑨𝟐 + 𝟕𝑨 + 𝒌𝑰 = 𝟎 vdpy; 𝑐 𝑑
1 1 2 1 3 𝟐 𝟎 𝟑 1 2 3 −7 −8 −9
𝑛
∑𝑘=1 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴𝑘 ) = + (4) + (4) + ⋯ … … 𝐴[ ]=[ ]
4 𝒌 −If; fhz;f. 4 5 6 2 4 6
1 1 2 1 3 1 0 2 1 0 2 5 0 8 𝑎 𝑏 1 2 3 −7 −8 −9
+ (4) + (4) + ⋯ … … xU 𝐺. 𝑃. ⟹[ ][ ]=[ ]
4 2
𝐴 = 𝐴. 𝐴 = [0 2 1] [0 2 1] = [2 4 5 ] 𝑐 𝑑 4 5 6 2 4 6
⟹𝑎=
1
,𝑟 = < 1
1 𝑎 + 4𝑏 2𝑎 + 5𝑏 3𝑎 + 6𝑏 −7 −8 −9
2 0 3 2 0 3 8 0 13 ⟹[ ]=[ ]
4 4
1 1 𝑛 5 0 8 1 0 2 21 0 34 𝑐 + 4𝑑 2𝑐 + 5𝑑 3𝑐 + 6𝑑 2 4 6
1 1
𝑎(1−𝑟 𝑛 ) (1−( ) ) (1− 𝑛) 1 1 ⟹ 𝑎 + 4𝑏 = −7 → (1); 2𝑎 + 5𝑏 = −8 → (2)
𝑆𝑛 = =
4 4
= 4 4
= 3 (1 − 4𝑛 ) 𝐴3 = 𝐴2 . 𝐴 = [2 4 5 ] [0 2 1] = [12 8 23]
1−𝑟 1−
1 3 𝑐 + 4𝑑 = 2 → (3); 2𝑐 + 5𝑑 = 4 → (4)
4 4 8 0 13 2 0 3 34 0 55
1 1
𝐴3 − 6𝐴2 + 7𝐴 + 𝑘𝐼 = 0 rkd; (1), (2) −Ij; jPh;f;f⟹ 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −2
∴ ∑𝑛𝑘=1 𝑑𝑒𝑡(𝐴𝑘 ) = 3 (1 − 4𝑛 )
rkd; (3), (4) −Ij; jPh;f;f⟹ 𝑐 = 2, 𝑑 = 0
1 −2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑛𝑎⃗⃗+𝑚𝑏 ⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗
𝑎⃗⃗+𝑏 +𝑐⃗ ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = 𝑎⃗⃗+𝑏+𝑐⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎⃗⃗+𝑏 +𝑐⃗
∴ 𝐴=[ ] 𝑂𝑃 = 𝑛+𝑚 𝑂𝐺1 = 3 , 𝑂𝐺 𝑂𝐺 3 =
2 0 3 3
nra;J ghh;: ⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺1 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺2 = 𝑂𝐺 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗3
2 −1 −1 −8 −10 ⟹ 𝐺 nghJg;Gs;sp.
𝑇
1) [ 1 0 ]𝐴 = [ 1 2 −5 ] vDkhWs;s 𝐴 vd;w ∴ xU Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; eLf;NfhLfs; xU Gs;spapy;
−3 4 9 22 15 re;jpf;Fk;.
mzpiaf; fhz;f. 3.xU ehw;fuk; ,izfukhf ,Uf;fj; Njitahd kw;Wk;
1 2 2 NghJkhd epge;jid mjd; %iytpl;lq;fs;
2)𝐴 = [2 1 −2] kw;Wk; 𝐴𝐴𝑇 = 9𝐼 vdpy; 𝑥, 𝑦 −d; ,Urkf;$wpLk; vd;gjhFk; vd;gjid ntf;lh; Kiwapy;
𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗ MFk;. 𝑂𝑃
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎⃗, 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑟⃗ vd;f. epWTf.
kjpg;Gfisf; fhz;f. 𝐴𝐵 vd;w Nfhl;Lj;Jz;il 𝑃 MdJ 𝑚: 𝑛 vd;w
1 3 5 tpfpjj;jpy; cl;Gwkhf gphpg;gjhy;
25.𝐴 = [−6 8 3] vd;w mzpia rkr;rPh; kw;Wk; vjph; ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗|
|𝐴𝑃 𝑚
−4 6 5 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗|
|𝑃𝐵
= 𝑛
rkr;rPh; mzpfspd; $Ljyhf vOJf. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗| = 𝑚|𝑃𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |
1 3 5 1 −6 −4 ⟹ 𝑛|𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 vd;w ehw;fuj;jpd; %iytpl;lq;fs; 𝐴𝐶, 𝐵𝐷 vd;f.
𝐴 = [−6 8 3] ⟹ 𝐴𝑇 = [3 8 6] ⟹ 𝑛. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑃 = 𝑚𝑃𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (∵ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑃 , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝐵 xNu jpir ntf;lh;fs;) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑎⃗, 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐷 = 𝑑⃗ vd;f.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑐⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑏 , 𝑂𝐶
−4 6 5 5 3 5 ⟹ 𝑛(𝑂𝑃 − 𝑂𝐴) = 𝑚(𝑂𝐵 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝑃) 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒(𝑖):
2 −3 1 ⃗⃗ ehw;fuk; 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 Xh; ,izfuk; vd;f.
1 1
𝑃 = 2 (𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 ) = 2 [−3 16 9 ] ⟹ 𝑛(𝑟⃗ − 𝑎⃗) = 𝑚(𝑏 − 𝑟⃗)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐶 ⟹ 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷
1 9 10 ⟹ 𝑛𝑟⃗ − 𝑛𝑎⃗ = 𝑚𝑏⃗⃗ − 𝑚𝑟⃗
2 −3 1 ⃗⃗
⟹ 𝑏 − 𝑎⃗ = 𝑐⃗ − 𝑑 ⃗
1 ⟹ 𝑛𝑟⃗ + 𝑚𝑟⃗ = 𝑛𝑎⃗ + 𝑚𝑏⃗⃗
⟹ 𝑃𝑇 = 2 [−3 16 9 ] = 𝑃 ⟹ 𝑎⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑑⃗
⟹ 𝑟⃗(𝑛 + 𝑚) = 𝑛𝑎⃗ + 𝑚𝑏⃗⃗ ⃗⃗+𝑑⃗
1 9 10 ⃗⃗
𝑛𝑎⃗⃗+𝑚𝑏
𝑎⃗⃗+𝑐⃗
⟹ 2 = 2
𝑏
(,UGwKk; 2 My; tFf;f)
1
∴ 𝑃 = 2 (𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 ) xU rkr;rPh; mzpahFk;. ⟹ 𝑟⃗ = 𝑛+𝑚
⃗⃗ ⟹ 𝐴𝐶 −d; ikag;Gs;sp = 𝐵𝐷 −d; ikag;Gs;sp
0 9 9 ⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 = 𝑛+𝑚
𝑛𝑎⃗⃗+𝑚𝑏
1 𝑇 1 ∴ %iytpl;lq;fs; xd;iwnahd;W ,Urkf;$wpLk;.
𝑄 = 2 (𝐴 − 𝐴 ) = 2 [−9 0 −3]
2.xU Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; eLf;NfhLfs; xU Gs;spapy; 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒(𝑖𝑖):
−9 3 0 re;jpf;Fk; vd ntf;lh; Kiwapy; epWTf.
0 −9 −9 ehw;fuk; 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 −d; %iytpl;lq;fs; xd;iwnahd;W
1 ,Urkf;$wpl;lhy;
⟹ 𝑄 𝑇 = 2 [9 0 3 ] = −𝑄
𝑎⃗⃗+𝑐⃗ ⃗⃗+𝑑⃗
𝑏
9 −3 0 = ⟹ 𝑎⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑑⃗
1 2 2
∴ 𝑄 = 2 (𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 ) vjph; rkr;rPh; mzpahFk;. ⟹ 𝑏⃗⃗ − 𝑎⃗ = 𝑐⃗ − 𝑑⃗ ⟹ 𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑂𝐶⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷
2 −3 1 0 9 9 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
1 1 ⟹ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷𝐶 ⟹ 𝐴𝐵, 𝐷𝐶 ,iz.
𝐴 = 𝑃 + 𝑄 = 2 [−3 16 9 ] + 2 [−9 0 −3]
1 9 10 −9 3 0 NkYk; 𝑎⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑑⃗
8.ntf;lh; ,aw;fzpjk; ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 −y; gf;fq;fs; 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶 kw;Wk; 𝐶𝐴 −d; eLg;Gs;spfs; ⟹ 𝑎⃗ − 𝑑⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗ − 𝑐⃗ ⟹ 𝐴𝐷, 𝐵𝐶 ,iz.
1.gphpT R+j;jpuj;ij ( cl;Gwkhf gphpj;jy;) vOjp epWTf. KiwNa 𝐷, 𝐸 kw;Wk; 𝐹 vd;f. ∴ 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 Xh; ,izfuk;.
O-it MjpahfTk; 𝐴 kw;Wk; 𝐵 -ia VNjDk; ,U ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎⃗, 𝑂𝐵
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑐⃗ vd;f. 4.xU Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; ,U gf;fq;fspd; eLg;Gs;spfisr;
Gs;spfshfTk; nfhs;f. NkYk; 𝑃 vd;w Gs;spahdJ 𝐴𝐵 ⃗𝑏⃗+𝑐⃗ ⃗⃗ Nrh;f;Fk; Neh;f;NfhL mjd; %d;whtJ gf;fj;jpw;F ,iz
NkYk; 𝑂𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑐⃗+𝑎⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐹
, 𝑂𝐸 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎⃗⃗+𝑏
vd;w Nfhl;Lj;Jz;il 𝑚: 𝑛 vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; cl;Gwkhf 2 2 2 vdTk;, mjd; ePsj;jpy; ghjp vdTk; ntf;lh; Kiwapy;
gphpf;fpwJ vd;f. 𝑎⃗ kw;Wk; 𝑏⃗⃗ Mfpait 𝐴 kw;Wk; 𝐵 –d; 𝐴𝐷, 𝐵𝐸 kw;Wk; 𝐶𝐹 Mfpatw;iw KiwNa 𝐺1 , 𝐺2 kw;Wk; epWTf.
epiy ntf;lh;fshapd; 𝑃 −d; epiy ntf;lh; 𝐺3 Mfpait cl;Gwkhf 2: 1vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; gphpg;gjhy;

∴𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗, 𝑐⃗ xU nrq;Nfhz Kf;Nfhzj;ij mikf;Fk;.
9.𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ + 3𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 3𝑖⃗ − 4𝑗⃗ + 5𝑘 ⃗⃗ , −2𝑖⃗ + 3𝑗⃗ − 7𝑘 ⃗⃗ Mfpait xU
Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; Kidg;Gs;spfspd; epiyntf;lh;fs; vdpy;
me;j Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; Rw;wsitf; fhz;f.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ + 3𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝑖⃗ − 4𝑗⃗ + 5𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −2𝑖⃗ + 3𝑗⃗ − 7𝑘 ⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵𝐶 xU Kf;Nfhzk;, gf;fq;fs; 𝐴𝐵, 𝐴𝐶 −d; eLg;Gs;spfs; ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎⃗, 𝑂𝐵
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑑⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑐⃗ , 𝑂𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = (3𝑖⃗ − 4𝑗⃗ + 5𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) − (𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ + 3𝑘 ⃗⃗ )
𝐷, 𝐸 vd;f.𝑂 vd;gJ Mjpg;Gs;sp. 𝐴𝐶, 𝐵𝐷 −d; eLg;Gs;spfs; 𝐸 kw;Wk; 𝐹.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎⃗, 𝑂𝐵⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑐⃗ = 2𝑖⃗ − 6𝑗⃗ + 2𝑘 ⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 𝑎⃗⃗+𝑐⃗ ⃗⃗+𝑑⃗
𝑏
⃗⃗
⟹ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐸 = , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐹 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √2 + (−6)2 + 22 = √44
|𝐴𝐵 2
𝑎⃗⃗+𝑏 𝑎⃗⃗+𝑐⃗ 2 2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
𝑂𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =
, 𝑂𝐸
2 2 ⟹ 2𝑂𝐸 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎⃗ + 𝑐⃗, 2𝑂𝐹 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑑⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝐶
𝐵𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (−2𝑖⃗ + 3𝑗⃗ − 7𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) − ( 3𝑖⃗ − 4𝑗⃗ + 5𝑘 ⃗⃗ )
⃗⃗
𝑎⃗⃗+𝑐⃗ 𝑎⃗⃗+𝑏 ⃗⃗
𝑐⃗−𝑏 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐶 −𝑂𝐵 𝐵𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐷𝐸 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐸 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷 = 2 − 2 = 2 = 2 = 2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐷 + 𝐶𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝐶𝐷 = −5𝑖⃗ + 7𝑗⃗ − 12𝑘 ⃗⃗
⟹ 𝐷𝐸 ∥ 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑂𝐵 − 𝑂𝐴 + 𝑂𝐷 − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐴 + 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷 − 𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √(−5)2 + 72 + (−12)2 = √218
|𝐵𝐶
1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | ⟹ 𝐷𝐸 = 1 𝐵𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = |𝐵𝐶
|𝐷𝐸 = 2𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 2𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 2𝑂𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 2𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝑏⃗⃗ − 2𝑎⃗ + 2𝑑⃗ − 2𝑐⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗ ) − (−2𝑖⃗ + 3𝑗⃗ − 7𝑘 ⃗⃗ )
2 2 𝐶𝐴 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐴 − 𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ + 3𝑘
5.xU ehw;fuj;jpd; gf;fq;fspd; eLg;Gs;spfisr; Nrh;f;Fk; = 2(𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑑⃗) − 2(𝑎⃗ + 𝑐⃗) = 2(2𝑂𝐹 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ) − 2(2𝑂𝐸 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ )
⃗⃗
Neh;f;NfhL xU ,izfuj;ij mikf;Fk; vd ntf;lh; = 3 𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 10𝑘
= 4𝑂𝐹 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 4𝑂𝐸 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 4(𝑂𝐹 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐸 )
Kiwapy; epWTf. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗| = √(3)2 + (−1)2 + (10)2 = √110
|𝐶𝐴
= 4𝐸𝐹 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; Rw;wsT= 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶 + 𝐶𝐴
7.𝟐𝒊⃗ + 𝟒𝒋⃗ + 𝟑𝒌 ⃗⃗, 𝟒𝒊⃗ + 𝒋⃗ + 𝟗𝒌 ⃗⃗, 𝟏𝟎 𝒊⃗ − 𝒋⃗ + 𝟔𝒌 ⃗⃗ vd;w
= √44 + √218 + √110
ntf;lh;fis epiy ntf;lh;fshff; nfhz;l Gs;spfs; xU 10.𝑨(𝟏, 𝟏, 𝟏), 𝑩(𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑) kw;Wk; 𝑪(𝟐, −𝟏, 𝟏) Mfpa
nrq;Nfhz Kf;Nfhzj;ij mikf;Fk; vd epWTf. Gs;spfs; xh; ,Urkgf;f Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; Kidg;Gs;spfs;
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝑖⃗ + 4𝑗⃗ + 3𝑘
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 4𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 9𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 10 𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 6𝑘 ⃗⃗ vd epWTf.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝐵
𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (4𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 9𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) − (2𝑖⃗ + 4𝑗⃗ + 3𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ + 3𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 xU ehw;fuk;. 𝑂 vd;gJ Mjpg;Gs;sp. 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅, 𝑆 = 2𝑖⃗ − 3𝑗⃗ + 6𝑘 ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = (𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ + 3𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) − (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ )
vd;gd gf;fq;fs; 𝐴𝐵, 𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐷, 𝐷𝐴 −d; eLg;Gs;spfs;. 𝐴𝐵 = 2 + (−3)2 + 62 = 49
2 2
⃗⃗ ⃗⃗ ⃗ ⃗ = 0𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 2𝑘 ⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎⃗⃗+𝑏 , 𝑂𝑄
𝑂𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏+𝑐⃗ , 𝑂𝑅
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑐⃗+𝑑 , 𝑂𝑆
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎⃗⃗+𝑑 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝐶
𝐵𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (10 𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 6𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) − ( 4𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 9𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √02 + 12 + 22 = √5
2 2 2 2 |𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑏 +𝑐⃗ ⃗⃗
𝑎⃗⃗+𝑏 𝑐⃗−𝑎⃗⃗ = 6𝑖⃗ − 2𝑗⃗ − 3𝑘 ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (2𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) − ( 𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ + 3𝑘 ⃗⃗ )
𝑃𝑄 = 𝑂𝑄 𝑂𝑃 = 2 − 2 = 2 → (1) 𝐵𝐶
⃗ ⃗ 𝐵𝐶 = 6 + (−2)2 + (−3)2 = 49
2 2
⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆𝑅 = 𝑂𝑅⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑐⃗+𝑑 𝑎⃗⃗+𝑑
𝑂𝑆 = 2 − 2 = 2 → (2)
𝑐⃗−𝑎⃗⃗ = 𝑖⃗ − 3𝑗⃗ − 2𝑘
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐴 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐴 − 𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (2𝑖⃗ + 4𝑗⃗ + 3𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) − (10 𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 6𝑘 ⃗⃗ )
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √12 + (−3)2 + (−2)2 = √14
|𝐵𝐶
(1), (2) ,y; ,Ue;J, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑃𝑄 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆𝑅 ⟹ 𝑃𝑄 ∥ 𝑆𝑅 = −8 𝑖⃗ + 5𝑗⃗ − 3𝑘 ⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐴 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐴 − 𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) − (2𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ )
,JNghyNt 𝑄𝑅 ∥ 𝑃𝑆 vd epWtyhk;. 𝐶𝐴2 = (−8)2 + 52 + (−3)2 = 98
= − 𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ + 0𝑘 ⃗⃗
∴ 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 xU ,izfuk;. ∵𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐶𝐴2 , nfhLf;fg;gl;l Gs;spfs; xU
6. 𝑨𝑩𝑪𝑫 vd;w ehw;fuj;jpy; 𝑨𝑪, 𝑩𝑫 −d; eLg;Gs;spfs; 𝑬 nrq;Nfhz Kf;Nfhzj;ij mikf;Fk;. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗| = √(−1)2 + 22 + 02 = √5
|𝐶𝐴
kw;Wk; 𝑭 Mf ,Ug;gpd; ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑨𝑫 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑨𝑩 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑪𝑩 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ vd
𝑪𝑫 = 𝟒𝑬𝑭 8. 2𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 3𝑖⃗ − 4𝑗⃗ − 4𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑖⃗ − 3𝑗⃗ − 5𝑘 ⃗⃗ Mfpa ntf;lh;fs; ∵|𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = |𝐶𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗| = √5, nfhLf;fg;gl;l Gs;spfs; xU
epWTf. xU nrq;Nfhz Kf;Nfhzj;ij mikf;Fk; vd epWTf. ,Urkgf;f Kf;Nfhzj;ij mikf;Fk;.
𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 xU ehw;fuk;. 𝑂 vd;gJ Mjpg;Gs;sp. 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖⃗ − 4𝑗⃗ − 4𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑐⃗ = 𝑖⃗ − 3𝑗⃗ − 5𝑘 ⃗⃗ 11. 𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ − 4𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = −2𝑖⃗ + 4𝑗⃗ − 3𝑘 ⃗⃗ kw;Wk; 𝑐⃗ = 𝑖⃗ +
𝑎⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 2𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ + 𝑖⃗ − 3𝑗⃗ − 5𝑘 ⃗⃗ = 3𝑖⃗ − 4𝑗⃗ − 4𝑘 ⃗⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗ 2𝑗⃗ − 𝑘 ⃗⃗ vdpy;, 3𝑎⃗ − 2𝑏⃗⃗ + 4𝑐⃗ ntf;lUf;F ,izahd myF
∴𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗, 𝑐⃗ xU Kf;Nfhzj;ij mikf;Fk;. ntf;liuf; fhz;f.
𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗ = (2𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ ). (𝑖⃗ − 3𝑗⃗ − 5𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) = 2 + 3 − 5 = 0 ⟹ 𝑎⃗ ⊥ 𝑐⃗ 𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ − 4𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = −2𝑖⃗ + 4𝑗⃗ − 3𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑐⃗ = 𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ − 𝑘 ⃗⃗

⃗⃗
3𝑎⃗ − 2𝑏⃗⃗ + 4𝑐⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √(1)2 + (1)2 + (−1)2 = √1 + 1 + 1 = √6 = √6
𝜃 1 𝜃
(𝑖𝑖) cos = |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| (𝑖𝑖𝑖) tan =
|𝑎⃗⃗−𝑏 |
vdf;fhl;Lf.
|𝐶𝐹 2 2 2 ⃗⃗|
|𝑎⃗⃗+𝑏
= 3(3𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ − 4𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) − 2(−2𝑖⃗ + 4𝑗⃗ − 3𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) + 4(𝑖⃗ + 2𝑗⃗ − 𝑘
⃗⃗ ) 2 2 4 4 4 2
1⁄ 1⁄ −1 |𝑎⃗| = 1, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 1
= 9𝑖⃗ − 3𝑗⃗ − 12𝑘 ⃗⃗ + 4𝑖⃗ − 8𝑗⃗ + 6𝑘
⃗⃗ + 4𝑖⃗ + 8𝑗⃗ − 4𝑘⃗⃗ eLf;NfhL 𝐶𝐹 −d; jpirf;nfhird;= { √62 , 2
, } 2 2
= 17𝑖⃗ − 3𝑗⃗ − 10𝑘 ⃗⃗ 2
√6
2
√6
2 (𝑖)|𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗|2 + |𝑏⃗⃗| − 2|𝑎⃗||𝑏⃗⃗| cos 𝜃
1 1 −2 = (1)2 + (1)2 − 2(1)(1) cos 𝜃 = 2 − 2 cos 𝜃
|3𝑎⃗ − 2𝑏⃗⃗ + 4𝑐⃗| = √172 + (−3)2 + (−10)2 = √398 ={ , , }
⃗⃗+4𝑐⃗
3𝑎⃗⃗−2𝑏 ⃗⃗
17𝑖⃗−3𝑗⃗−10𝑘 √6 √6 √6 = 2(1 − cos 𝜃) = 2(2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃⁄2)
myF ntf;lh;= |3𝑎⃗⃗−2𝑏⃗⃗+4𝑐⃗| = 13. 𝟓𝒊⃗ + 𝟔𝒋⃗ + 𝟕𝒌 ⃗⃗, 𝟕𝒊⃗ − 𝟖𝒋⃗ + 𝟗𝒌 ⃗⃗, 𝟑𝒊⃗ + 𝟐𝟎𝒋⃗ + 𝟓𝒌 ⃗⃗ Mfpa 2 1 2
√398
ntf;lh;fs; xU js ntf;lh;fs; vdf;fhl;Lf. ⟹ |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗| = 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃⁄2 ⟹ 4 |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗| = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃⁄2
12.Gs;spfs; (𝟏, 𝟎, 𝟎), (𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟎) kw;Wk; (𝟎, 𝟎, 𝟏) 𝜃 1
Mfpatw;iw Kidg;Gs;spfshff; nfhz;l Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; 𝑎⃗ = 5𝑖⃗ + 6𝑗⃗ + 7𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑏⃗⃗ = 7𝑖⃗ − 8𝑗⃗ + 9𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑐⃗ = 3𝑖⃗ + 20𝑗⃗ + 5𝑘 ⃗⃗ ⟹ sin 2 = 2 |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗|
eLf;NfhLfspd; jpirf; nfhird;fisf; fhz;f. xU js ntf;lh;fs; fl;Lg;ghL: [𝑎⃗ 𝑏⃗⃗ 𝑐⃗ ] = 0 2 2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 0𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 0𝑘 ⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 0𝑖⃗ + 0𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 (𝑖𝑖)|𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗|2 + |𝑏⃗⃗| + 2|𝑎⃗||𝑏⃗⃗| cos 𝜃
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑖⃗ + 0𝑗⃗ + 0𝑘 5 6 7
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 −y; gf;fq;fs; 𝐵𝐶, 𝐶𝐴 kw;Wk; 𝐴𝐵 −d; eLg;Gs;spfs; ⃗⃗ = (1)2 + (1)2 + 2(1)(1) cos 𝜃 = 2 + 2 cos 𝜃
[𝑎⃗ 𝑏 𝑐⃗ ] = |7 −8 9|
KiwNa 𝐷, 𝐸 kw;Wk; 𝐹 vd;f. 3 20 5 = 2(1 + cos 𝜃) = 2(2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃⁄2)
𝐴(1,0,0), 𝐵(0,1,0) kw;Wk; 𝐶(0,0,1) 2 2
= 5(−40 − 180) − 6(35 − 27) + 7(140 + 24) 1
⟹ |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃⁄2 ⟹ 4 |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗| = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃⁄2
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 +𝑦 𝑧 +𝑧 = −1100 − 48 + 1148 = −1148 + 1148 = 0
eLg;Gs;sp= ( 1 2 2 , 1 2 2 , 1 2 2 ) 𝜃 1
∴ nfhLf;fg;gl;l ntf;lh;fs; xU js ntf;lh;fs; MFk;. ⟹ cos 2 = 2 |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗|
1 1 1 1 1 1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷 = (0, 2 , 2) ; ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐸 = (2 , 0, 2) ; ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐹 = (2 , 2 , 0) 𝜃 1
14. 𝟒𝒊⃗ + 𝟓𝒋⃗ + ⃗𝒌⃗, −𝒋⃗ − ⃗𝒌⃗, 𝟑𝒊⃗ + 𝟗𝒋⃗ + 𝟒𝒌 ⃗⃗ kw;Wk; −𝟒𝒊⃗ + 𝟒𝒋⃗ + 𝜃 sin
2
⃗⃗|
|𝑎⃗⃗−𝑏 ⃗⃗|
|𝑎⃗⃗−𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝐷
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝐴 1 1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (0𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 𝑘⃗⃗ ) − (𝑖⃗ + 0𝑗⃗ + 0𝑘
⃗⃗ ) (𝑖𝑖𝑖) tan = = 21 = |𝑎⃗⃗+𝑏⃗⃗|
𝐴𝐷 𝟒𝒌 ⃗⃗ Mfpatw;iw epiyntf;lh;fshff; nfhz;l Gs;spfs; 2 cos
𝜃
2 2
⃗⃗|
|𝑎⃗⃗+𝑏
2 2
1 1
⃗⃗ xU js miktd vdf;fhl;Lf. 16. 𝒂⃗⃗, ⃗𝒃⃗ kw;Wk; 𝒄⃗⃗ Mfpait |𝒂 ⃗⃗| = 𝟑, |𝒄
⃗⃗| = 𝟐, |𝒃 ⃗⃗| = 𝟒
= −𝑖⃗ + 2 𝑗⃗ + 2 𝑘
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 4𝑖⃗ + 5𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = −𝑗⃗ − 𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝑖⃗ + 9𝑗⃗ + 4𝑘 ⃗⃗ , ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐷 =
kw;Wk; 𝒂 ⃗⃗ + 𝒄
⃗⃗ + 𝒃 ⃗⃗ vd mike;jhy; 𝟒𝒂
⃗⃗ = 𝟎 ⃗⃗ + 𝟑𝒃
⃗⃗. 𝒃 ⃗⃗. 𝒄
⃗⃗ +
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗| = √(−1)2 + (1)2 + (1)2 = √1 + 1 + 1 = √6 = √6
|𝐴𝐷 −4𝑖⃗ + 4𝑗⃗ + 4𝑘 ⃗⃗
2 2 4 4 4 2 𝟑𝒄⃗⃗. 𝒂
⃗⃗ −If; fhz;f.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = (−𝑗⃗ − 𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) − (4𝑖⃗ + 5𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ )
−1 1⁄
2
1⁄
2
|𝑎⃗| = 2, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 3, |𝑐⃗| = 4
eLf;NfhL 𝐴𝐷 −d; jpirf;nfhird;= { √6 , , } = −4𝑖⃗ − 6𝑗⃗ − 2𝑘 ⃗⃗ 2
𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = ⃗0⃗ ⟹ 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ = −𝑐⃗ ⟹ (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) = (−𝑐⃗)2
√6 √6
2 2 2
2 1 1 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = (3𝑖⃗ + 9𝑗⃗ + 4𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) − (4𝑖⃗ + 5𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ )
= {− , , } ⟹ 𝑎⃗2 + 𝑏⃗⃗ 2 + 2𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑐⃗2 ⟹ 22 + 32 + 2𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 42
√6 √6 √6 = −𝑖⃗ + 4𝑗⃗ + 3𝑘 ⃗⃗
𝐵𝐸 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐸 − 𝑂𝐵
1 1
⃗⃗ ) − (0𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 0𝑘
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( 𝑖⃗ + 0𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝐷 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝐴⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (−4𝑖⃗ + 4𝑗⃗ + 4𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) − (4𝑖⃗ + 5𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) ⟹ 4 + 9 + 2𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 16 ⟹ 2𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3 ⟹ 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3⁄2
2 2 𝐴𝐷
1 1 2
⃗⃗
= 2 𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 2 𝑘 = −8𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 3𝑘 ⃗⃗ 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = ⃗0⃗ ⟹ 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = −𝑎⃗ ⟹ (𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗) = (−𝑎⃗)2
xU js ntf;lh;fs; fl;Lg;ghL: [𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐷 ] = 0 ⟹ 𝑏⃗⃗ 2 + 𝑐⃗2 + 2𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 𝑎⃗2 ⟹ 32 + 42 + 2𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 22
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ | = √(1)2 + (−1)2 + (1)2 = √1 + 1 + 1 = √6 = √6
|𝐵𝐸 −4 −6 −2
⟹ 9 + 16 + 2𝑏⃗⃗ . 𝑐⃗ = 4 ⟹ 2𝑏⃗⃗ . 𝑐⃗ = −21 ⟹ 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ = − 21⁄2
2 2 4 4 4 2
1⁄ 1⁄ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐶
[𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐷⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ] = |−1 4 3|
2 −1 2
eLf;NfhL 𝐵𝐸 −d; jpirf;nfhird;= { √6 , , } −8 −1 3
2
√6 √6 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = ⃗⃗
0 ⟹ 𝑎⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = −𝑏⃗⃗ ⟹ (𝑎⃗ + 𝑐⃗)2 = (−𝑏⃗⃗)
2 2 2 = −4(12 + 3) − (−6)(−3 + 24) − 2(1 + 32)
1 −2 1
= −60 + 126 − 66 = −126 + 126 = 0 ⟹ 𝑎⃗2 + 𝑐⃗2 + 2𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 𝑏⃗⃗ 2 ⟹ 22 + 42 + 2𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 32
={ , , }
√6 √6 √6 ∴ nfhLf;fg;gl;l ntf;lh;fs; xU js ntf;lh;fs; MFk;. ⟹ 4 + 16 + 2𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 9 ⟹ 2𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗ = −11 ⟹ 𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗ = − 11⁄2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐹 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (1 𝑖⃗ + 1 𝑗⃗ + 0𝑘
𝑂𝐹 − 𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗ ) − (0𝑖⃗ + 0𝑗⃗ + 𝑘
⃗⃗ ) 15.𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ Mfpait myF ntf;lh;fs; kw;Wk; 𝜃 vd;gJ
2 2
𝜃 1
4𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 3𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ + 3𝑐⃗. 𝑎⃗ = 4(3⁄2) + 3(− 21⁄2) + 3(− 11⁄2)
1 1
= 𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ − 𝑘⃗⃗ ,tw;wpw;F ,ilg;gl;l Nfhzk; vdpy; (𝑖) sin 2 = 2 |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗| 12 63 33 12−96 84
2 2 = 2 − 2 − 2 = 2 = − 2 = −42

⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑐⃗ vd;w %d;W ntf;lh;fs; |𝑎⃗| = 3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 4, |𝑐⃗| = 5 ⃗⃗ 2
17. 𝑎⃗, 𝑏, = 𝑖⃗ − 2𝑗⃗ − 𝑘 |𝑎⃗ × 𝑘⃗⃗ | = 𝑎1 2 + 𝑎2 2 → (3)
kw;Wk; xt;nthU ntf;lUk; kw;w ,U ntf;lh;fspd; 𝑖⃗ 𝑗⃗ ⃗⃗
𝑘 (1) + (2) + (3) ⟹
$LjYf;Fr; nrq;Fj;jhfTk; mike;jhy; |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗| − If; ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝐶 = |−2 0 −5| 2
⃗⃗ | = 2(𝑎1 2 + 𝑎2 2 + 𝑎3 2 ) = 2|𝑎⃗|2
|𝑎⃗ × 𝑖⃗|2 + |𝑎⃗ × 𝑗⃗|2 + |𝑎⃗ × 𝑘
fhz;f. 1 −2 −1
22. 𝒂 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝒄
⃗⃗, 𝒃, ⃗⃗ vd;w myF ntf;lh;fSf;F 𝒂 ⃗⃗. ⃗𝒃⃗ = 𝒂
⃗⃗. 𝒄
⃗⃗ = 𝟎
|𝑎⃗| = 3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 4, |𝑐⃗| = 5 = 𝑖⃗(0 − 10) − 𝑗⃗(2 + 5) + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ (4 − 0) = −10𝑖⃗ − 7𝑗⃗ + 4𝑘
⃗⃗ 𝝅
xt;nthU ntf;lUk; kw;w ,U ntf;lh;fspd; $LjYf;Fr; ⃗ ⃗
kw;Wk; 𝒃 −f;Fk; 𝒄 ⃗⃗ −f;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l Nfhzk; vdpy;
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 | = √(−10)2 + (−7)2 + 42 𝟑
nrq;Fj;J vdNt, ⃗⃗ = ±
𝒂
𝟐
⃗⃗ × 𝒄
(𝒃 ⃗⃗) vd ep&gpf;f.
= √100 + 49 + 16 = √165
𝑎⃗. (𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗) = 0 ⟹ 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 0 → (1) √𝟑
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 −d; gug;G= |𝐴𝐵
1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 | =
√165
r.m. |𝑎⃗| = |𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑐⃗| = 1
𝑏⃗⃗. (𝑎⃗ + 𝑐⃗) = 0 ⟹ 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ . 𝑐⃗ = 0 → (2) 2 2
20.Kf;Nfhzk; 𝑨𝑩𝑪 −d; cr;rpg;Gs;spfs; 𝑨, 𝑩, 𝑪 −d; epiy 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗ = 0 ⟹ 𝑎⃗ ⊥ 𝑏⃗⃗ ; 𝑎⃗ ⊥ 𝑐⃗ ⟹ 𝑎⃗ ∥ (𝑏⃗⃗ × 𝑐⃗)
𝑐⃗. (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) = 0 ⟹ 𝑐⃗. 𝑎⃗ + 𝑐⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 0 → (3)
ntf;lh;fs; KiwNa 𝒂 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝒄
⃗⃗, 𝒃, ⃗⃗ vdpy; Kf;Nfhzk; 𝑨𝑩𝑪 −d; ⟹ 𝑎⃗ = ±𝜆(𝑏⃗⃗ × 𝑐⃗) → (1)
(1) + (2) + (3) ⟹ 2(𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ + 𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗) = 0 𝟏 𝜋
2 2 gug;gsT 𝟐 [𝒂 ⃗⃗ ⃗
⃗⃗ × 𝒃 + 𝒃 × 𝒄 ⃗ ⃗⃗ + 𝒄⃗⃗ × 𝒂
⃗⃗] vd ep&gpj;J. ⟹ |𝑎⃗| = ±𝝀|𝑏⃗⃗||𝑐⃗| sin
|𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗| = |𝑎⃗|2 + |𝑏⃗⃗| + |𝑐⃗|2 + 2(𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ . 𝑐⃗ + 𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗) 3
,jpypUe;J 𝑨, 𝑩, 𝑪 Mfpait xNu Neh;f;Nfhl;byika √𝟑 2
= 32 + 42 + 52 + 2(0) = 50 ⟹1= ±𝝀(𝟏)(𝟏) 𝟐 ⟹ 𝝀=
epge;jidiaf; fhz;f. √3
⟹ |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗| = √50 = √25 × 2 = 5√2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑎⃗, 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑐⃗
𝑏 , 𝑂𝐶 (𝟏) ⟹ 𝑎⃗ = ±
2
(𝑏⃗⃗ × 𝑐⃗)
⃗⃗ kw;Wk; ⃗𝒃⃗ = 𝟒𝒊⃗ − 𝟐𝒋⃗ + 𝟐𝒌 ⃗⃗ 1 √3
18. 𝒂 ⃗⃗ = 𝟐𝒊⃗ + 𝒋⃗ + 𝟑𝒌 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 −d; gug;G= 2 |𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ × ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 | 10.tif Ez;fzpjk;
MfpaitfSf;F ,ilg;gl;l Nfhzj;jpd; ird; kw;Wk; 1 tifik kw;Wk; tifaply; Kiwfs;
nfhird; kjpg;Gfisf; fhz;f. = |(𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴) × (𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴)| −𝟏
2 1.𝒚 = 𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒙 vdpy; (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 )𝒚′′ + (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏)𝒚′ = 𝟎
𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = (2𝑖⃗ + 𝑗⃗ + 3𝑘⃗⃗ ). ( 4𝑖⃗ − 2𝑗⃗ + 2𝑘
⃗⃗ ) = 8 − 2 + 6 = 12 1
= 2 |(𝑏⃗⃗ − 𝑎⃗) × (𝑐⃗ − 𝑎⃗)| vdf;fhl;Lf.
|𝑎⃗| = √22 + 12 + 32 = √14 1
⃗⃗ × c⃗ − ⃗⃗
−1
𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
= |b b × a⃗⃗ − a⃗⃗ × c⃗ + a⃗⃗ × a⃗⃗|
|𝑏⃗⃗| = √42 + (−2)2 + 22 = √24 2
1 tifapl,
= 2 [𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ × 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗ × 𝑎⃗] −1 1 −1
cos 𝜃 =
⃗⃗
𝑎⃗⃗.𝑏
=
12
=
12
=
√12 2√3
= 2√7 = √3⁄7 ⟹ 𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 . 1+𝑥 2 ⟹ (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
|𝑎⃗⃗||𝑏 ⃗⃗| √14.√24 √2×7.√2×12 2√7 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 Mfpait xNu Neh;f;Nfhl;byika epge;jid
⟹ (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦 ′ = 𝑦
⃗⃗ ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 −d; gug;G= 0
𝑖⃗ 𝑗⃗ 𝑘 1 kPz;Lk; tifapl, ⟹ (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ . 2𝑥 = 𝑦 ′
𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ = |2 1 3| ⟹ 2 [𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ × 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗ × 𝑎⃗] = 0
⟹ (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑥𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 ′ = 0
4 −2 2 ⟹ [𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ × 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗ × 𝑎⃗] = 0 ⟹ (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦 ′′ + (2𝑥 − 1)𝑦 ′ = 0
= 𝑖⃗ + 6) − 𝑗⃗(4 − 12) + 𝑘
(2 ⃗⃗ (−4 − 4) = 8𝑖⃗ + 8𝑗⃗ − 8𝑘
⃗⃗ 21.ve;jnthU ntf;lh; 𝒂 ⃗⃗ × 𝒊⃗|𝟐 + |𝒂
⃗⃗ −f;Fk; |𝒂 ⃗⃗ × 𝒋⃗|𝟐 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝒙
2.𝒚 = vdpy; (𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 )𝒚𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙𝒚𝟏 − 𝒚 = 𝟎
|𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗| = √82 + 82 + (−8)2 = 8√3 𝟐
⃗⃗ × ⃗𝒌⃗| = 𝟐|𝒂
|𝒂 ⃗⃗|𝟐 vd ep&gpf;f.
√𝟏−𝒙𝟐
⃗⃗|
vdf;fhl;Lf.
|𝑎⃗⃗×𝑏 8√3 8√3 8√3 2
sin 𝜃 = = = = 4√7√3 = ⃗⃗ vd;f.
𝑎⃗ = 𝑎1 𝑖⃗ + 𝑎2 𝑗⃗ + 𝑎3 𝑘 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥
⃗⃗|
|𝑎⃗⃗||𝑏 √14.√24 √2×7.√2×12 √7 𝑦 = √1−𝑥2 ⟹ 𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥
19. 𝐴(3, −1,2), 𝐵(1, −1, −3) kw;Wk; 𝐶(4, −3,1) |𝑎⃗| = √𝑎1 2 + 𝑎2 2 + 𝑎3 2 ,UGwKk; th;f;fg;gLj;j,⟹ 𝑦 2 (1 − 𝑥 2 ) = (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥)2
Mfpatw;iw cr;rpg;Gs;spfshff; nfhz;l Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; |𝑎⃗|2 = 𝑎1 2 + 𝑎2 2 + 𝑎3 2 1
gug;gsitf; fhz;f. tifapl, ⟹ 2𝑦𝑦 ′ (1 − 𝑥 2 ) + 𝑦 2 (−2𝑥) = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥. √1−𝑥 2
𝑖⃗ 𝑗⃗ 𝑘⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 2𝑘
𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ − 3𝑘 ⃗⃗ , 𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 4𝑖⃗ − 3𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗
𝑎⃗ × 𝑖⃗ = |𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 | = 𝑎3 𝑗⃗ − 𝑎2 𝑘 ⟹ 2𝑦𝑦 ′ − 2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 ′ − 2𝑥𝑦 2 = 2𝑦
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝐵
𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 𝑂𝐴
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ − 3𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) − (3𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 2𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) ÷ 2𝑦 ⟹ 𝑦 ′ − 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′ − 𝑥𝑦 = 1
1 0 0
⃗⃗ |𝑎⃗ × 𝑖⃗|2 = 𝑎2 2 + 𝑎3 2 → (1) kPz;Lk; tifapl, ⟹ 𝑦 ′′ − (𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑥𝑦 ′ ) − (𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦) = 0
= −2𝑖⃗ + 0𝑗⃗ − 5𝑘
,JNghyNt, ⟹ 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑥𝑦 ′ − 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 0
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 = 𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = (4𝑖⃗ − 3𝑗⃗ + 𝑘 ⃗⃗ ) − (3𝑖⃗ − 𝑗⃗ + 2𝑘 ⃗⃗ )
|𝑎⃗ × 𝑗⃗|2 = 𝑎1 2 + 𝑎3 2 → (2) ⟹ (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦 ′′ − 3𝑥𝑦 ′ − 𝑦 = 0

𝜋 𝑥
⟹ (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦2 − 3𝑥𝑦1 − 𝑦 = 0 −1 1−𝑥 ⟹𝑢= 4−2
𝜋 6.tifapLf: 𝑦 = cos (2𝑡𝑎𝑛 √1+𝑥)
3.𝑥 = 𝑎(𝜃 + sin 𝜃), 𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − cos 𝜃) vdpy; 𝜃 = 2 𝑑𝑢 1
tifapl,𝑑𝑥 = − 2
1 𝑥 = cos 𝜃 vd;f.
vDk;NghJ 𝑦 ′′ = vd ep&gpf;f. sin 𝑥 2 sin(𝑥⁄2) cos(𝑥⁄2)
𝑎
𝑑𝑥 𝜃 1−𝑥 1 − cos 𝜃 𝑣 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) ⟹ 𝑣 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
𝑥 = 𝑎(𝜃 + sin 𝜃) ⟹ 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑎(1 + cos 𝜃) = 2𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ( 2 ) 𝑦 = cos (2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √ ) ⟹ 𝑦 = cos (2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √ ) 1 + cos 𝑥 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥⁄2)
1+𝑥 1 + cos 𝜃
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑎(1 − cos 𝜃) ⟹ 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑎 sin 𝜃 = 2𝑎 sin ( 2) cos ( 2)
𝜃 𝜃
⟹ 𝑣 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (tan(𝑥⁄2)) ⟹ 𝑣 = 𝑥⁄2
𝑑𝑦⁄ 𝜃 𝜃 𝜃 𝑑𝑣 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝜃
2𝑎 sin( ) cos( ) sin( ) 𝜃 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝜃⁄2) tifapl,𝑑𝑥 = 2
= 𝑦 ′ = 𝑑𝑥 = 2
𝜃
2
= 2
𝜃 = tan ( 2) ⟹ 𝑦 = cos (2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √ ) 𝑑𝑢 1
𝑑𝑥 ⁄𝑑𝜃 2𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠2 ( ) cos( ) 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (𝜃⁄2) −
2 2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑 𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝜃 ∴ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑣 = 1 = −1
𝑦 ′′ = 𝑑𝑥 2 = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑑𝑥 [tan (2)] 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃⁄ )
𝑑 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
= 𝑑𝜃 [tan (2)] 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (2) . 2 .
𝜃 1 1 1
= 4𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 ( 2)
𝜃 ⟹𝑦= cos (2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 𝜃 2 )) 9.𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
√1+𝑥 2 −1
, 𝑣 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 vdpy;
𝑑𝑢
fhz;f.
𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠( ⁄2) 𝑥 𝑑𝑣
2𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠2 ( )
2 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 vd;f⟹ 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥
𝜃=
𝜋
⟹ ⟹ 𝑦 = cos (2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝜃⁄2)) √1+𝑥 2 −1 √1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃−1
2
𝜋⁄ 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
′′
𝑦 =
1
𝑠𝑒𝑐 4
( 2
) =
1 𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 (4 )
1 4
= 4𝑎 (√2) = 4𝑎 . 4 = 𝑎
1 1 ⟹ 𝑦 = cos(2 × 𝜃⁄2) ⟹ 𝑦 = cos 𝜃 ⟹ 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 tan 𝜃
1
4𝑎 2 4𝑎 𝑑𝑦 √𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃−1 sec 𝜃−1 −1
𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑎+𝑦) tifapl,𝑑𝑥 = 1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( tan 𝜃 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( tan 𝜃 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1
( cos 𝜃
sin 𝜃 )
4.sin 𝑦 = 𝑥 sin(𝑎 + 𝑦) vdpy; = vd ep&gpf;f. cos 𝜃
𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑎 2𝑥
,q;F 𝑎 ≠ 𝑛𝜋 7.𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 −I nghWj;J 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1+𝑥 2 ) −d; tiff;nfOitf; 1−cos 𝜃
1−cos 𝜃
−1
fhz;f. = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( cos 𝜃
) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
sin 𝑦 = 𝑥 sin(𝑎 + 𝑦) sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃
2𝑥 cos 𝜃
sin 𝑦
⟹ 𝑥 = sin(𝑎+𝑦) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1+𝑥 2 ) 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝜃⁄2) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃⁄2)
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
𝑦 − Ig; nghWj;J tifapl, 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 vd;f⟹ 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 2𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃⁄2)𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃⁄2) 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃⁄2)
2𝑥 2 tan 𝜃
⟹ 𝑑𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 sin(𝑎+𝑦) cos 𝑦−sin 𝑦 cos(𝑎+𝑦) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1+𝑥 2 ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (sin 2𝜃) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝜃⁄2)
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑎+𝑦)
1 2 𝜃 1 𝑑𝑢 1 1
⟹ 𝑑𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 sin(𝑎+𝑦−𝑦)
(∵ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 = sin(𝐴 − 𝐵) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝜃 = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2. 1+𝑥 2 = 1+𝑥 2 ∴𝑢= = 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = 2 . 1+𝑥 2
2
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑎+𝑦) 1 𝑑𝑣 1
𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑎 𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑎+𝑦) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑔′ (𝑥) = 1+𝑥 2 −1
𝑣 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 ⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = 1+𝑥 2
⟹ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑎+𝑦) ⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝑑𝑢 1 1
sin 𝑎 .
𝑑𝑓 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) 1+𝑥2 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 2 1+𝑥2 1
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 = 𝑔′ (𝑥) = =2 ∴ 𝑑𝑣 = = =2
5.𝒚 = (𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒙)𝟐 vdpy; (𝟏 − − 𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟎 vd 𝒙𝟐 ) 𝟐 𝑑𝑔 1
1+𝑥2
𝑑𝑣 1
1+𝑥2
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝑑𝑥
ep&gpf;f. NkYk; 𝒙 = 𝟎 −d; NghJ 𝒚𝟐 kjpg;igf; fhz;f. 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
8.𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟏+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙) −I nghWj;J 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟏+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙) − d;
1 10.tifapLf:𝒚 = √𝒙 + √𝒙 + √𝒙
𝑦 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥)2 ⟹ 𝑦 ′ = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥. (− √1−𝑥 2 ) tiff;nfOitf; fhz;f.
cos 𝑥
⟹ √1 − 𝑥 2 . 𝑦 ′ = −2𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1+sin 𝑥) 𝑦 = √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥
,UGwKk; th;f;fg;gLj;j,⟹ (1 − 𝑥 2 )(𝑦 ′ )2 = 4(𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥)2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (𝑥⁄ )−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑥⁄ )
𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑥 )+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (𝑥2 )+2 sin(𝑥2 ) cos(𝑥 )) ,UGwKk; th;f;fg;gLj;j,⟹ 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥
⟹ (1 − 𝑥 2 )(𝑦 ′ )2 = 4𝑦 ⁄2 ⁄2 ⁄2 ⁄2
kPz;Lk; tifapl, ⟹ (1 − 𝑥 2 )2𝑦 ′ 𝑦 ′′ + (𝑦 ′ )2 (−2𝑥) = 4𝑦 ′ [cos( 𝑥⁄ )+sin(𝑥⁄ )][cos(𝑥⁄ )−sin(𝑥⁄ )]
2 2 2 2 𝑢 = 𝑥 + √𝑥 vd;f.
𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑢 1
÷ 2𝑦 ′ ⟹ (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦 ′′ − 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 2 = 0 [cos(𝑥⁄2)+sin(𝑥⁄2)] tifapl, = 1 +
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 [cos(𝑥⁄ )−sin(𝑥⁄ )]
⟹ (1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 2 = 0 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ([cos(𝑥 2)+sin(𝑥 2)]) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 ⟹ 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 + √𝑢
2
⁄2 ⁄2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 1−tan(𝑥⁄ )
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 = 0 ⟹ (1 − (0)2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 − (0) 𝑑𝑥 − 2 = 0 ⟹ 𝑑𝑥 2 = 2 ÷ cos(𝑥⁄2) ⟹ 𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (1+tan(𝑥 2)) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [tan ( 4
−1 𝜋 𝑥
− 2)] tifapl,2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 1 + 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
√
⁄2

𝑑𝑦 1 1 ℎ3 ,UgwKk; th;f;fg;gLj;j, 𝑡 = 16
⟹ 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 1 + (1 + 2 𝑥) ⟹ 𝑤 = 4.364 × 10−5 . + 𝑐 → (1)
2√𝑥+√𝑥 √ 3
∴ 16 Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF kuj;jpd; cauk; 149 nr.kP
𝑑𝑦 1 1 1 h w Mf ,Uf;Fk;.
⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑦 [1 + (1 + 2 𝑥)]
2√𝑥+√𝑥 √ 0 0
4.khztd; xUth; jd; Nkhl;lhh; irf;fpspy; 24 kP/tpdhb
𝑑𝑦 1 1 1 150 ?
⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = [1 + (1 + 2 𝑥)] Ntfj;jpy; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ, Fwpg;gpl;l
2√𝑥+√𝑥+√𝑥
2√𝑥+√𝑥 √ ℎ = 0, 𝑤 = 0: (1) ⟹ 𝑐 = 0 jUzj;jpy; jdf;F Kd;ghf 40 kPl;lh; njhiytpy;
ℎ3
𝑑𝑦 1 1 1 ∴ (1) ⟹ 𝑤 = 4.364 × 10−5 . → (2) ,Uf;Fk; jLg;gpd; kPJ Nkhjiyj; jtph;f;f thfdj;ij
⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = [1 + + ] 3 epWj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ. cldbahfj; jd;Dila
2√𝑥+√𝑥 4√𝑥√𝑥+√𝑥 (150)3
2√𝑥+√𝑥+√𝑥 ℎ = 150, 𝑤 = 0: (2) ⟹ 𝑤 = 4.364 × 10−5 . 3 thfdj;ij 8 kP/tpdhb2 vjph; KLf;fj;jpy; Ntfj;ijf;
𝑑𝑦 1 4√𝑥√𝑥+√𝑥+2√𝑥+1 Fiwf;fpwhh; vdpy; thfdk; jLg;gpd; kPJ NkhJtjw;F
⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = [ ] ⟹ 𝑤 = 49
2√𝑥+√𝑥+√𝑥
4√𝑥√𝑥+√𝑥 Kd; epw;Fkh?
∴ xU eghpd; cauk; 150 nr.kP Mf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ vil
49 fp.fp MFk;. vjph; KLf;fk; 𝑎 = −8 kP/tpdhb2
𝑑𝑦 4√𝑥√𝑥+√𝑥+2√𝑥+1 𝑑𝑣
⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝟏𝟖 ⟹ 𝑑𝑡 = −8 ⟹ 𝑑𝑣 = −8𝑑𝑡
8√𝑥√𝑥+√𝑥√𝑥+√𝑥+√𝑥
3.xU kuj;jpd; tsh;r;rp 𝒕 Mz;Lfspy; 𝒕 nr.kP/Mz;L
√
vDk; tPjj;jpy; tsh;fpwJ. 𝒕 = 𝟎 vd ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ,UGwKk; njhifapl⟹ ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ −8𝑑𝑡
11.njhif Ez;fzpjk;
1.xU njhlh; tz;b kJiu re;jpg;gpypUe;J Nfhak;Gj;J}h; cauk; 5 nr.kP ,Uf;Fk; vd vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; ⟹ 𝑣 = −8𝑡 + 𝑐 → (1)
Nehf;fp gpw;gfy; 3 kzpf;F 𝑣(𝑡) = 20𝑡 + 50 fpkP/kzp (m)ehd;F Mz;bw;F gpwF kuj;jpd; cauj;ijf; fhz;f. gpNuf;if gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ 𝑡 = 0, 𝑣 = 24
(M)vj;jid Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF kuj;jpd; cauk; 149 (1) ⟹ 24 = −8(0) + 𝑐 ⟹ 𝑐 = 24
vd;Dk; jpir Ntfj;jpy; Gwg;gLfpwJ. ,q;F 𝑡 MdJ nr.kP tsh;e;J ,Uf;Fk;. 𝑑𝑠
kzpfspy; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ vdpy; khiy 5 kzpf;F 𝑑ℎ 18 𝑑ℎ 1 ∴ (1) ⟹ 𝑣 = −8𝑡 + 24 ⟹ 𝑑𝑡 = −8𝑡 + 24
mj;njhlh; tz;b vt;tsT J}uk; gazpj;jpUf;Fk;? = 𝑡 ⟹ 𝑑𝑡 = 18𝑡 − ⁄2
𝑑𝑠
𝑑𝑡 √ ⟹ 𝑑𝑠 = (−8𝑡 + 24)𝑑𝑡
1⁄
𝑣(𝑡) = 20𝑡 + 50 ⟹ = 20𝑡 + 50 ⟹ 𝑑ℎ = (18𝑡 − 2 ) 𝑑𝑡 ,UGwKk; njhifapl,∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫(−8𝑡 + 24)𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
⟹ 𝑑𝑠 = (20𝑡 + 50)𝑑𝑡 1⁄ 𝑡2
,UGwKk; njhifapl⟹ ∫ 𝑑ℎ = ∫ (18𝑡 − 2 ) 𝑑𝑡 ⟹ 𝑠 = −8. 2 + 24𝑡 + 𝑘 = −4𝑡 2 + 24𝑡 + 𝑘
,UGwKk; njhifapl⟹ ∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫(20𝑡 + 50)𝑑𝑡
20𝑡 2 − +1
𝑡 2
1 1
𝑡 ⁄2
⟹ 𝑠 = −4𝑡 2 + 24𝑡 + 𝑘 → (2)
⟹𝑠= + 50𝑡 + 𝑐 ⟹ 𝑠 = 10𝑡 2 + 50𝑡 + 𝑐 → (1) ⟹ ℎ = 18 × 1 + 𝑐 ⟹ ℎ = 18 × 1 +𝑐 𝑠 = 0, 𝑡 = 0: (2) ⟹ 𝑘 = 0
2 − +1
2 2
t s 1⁄ ∴ (2) ⟹ 𝑠 = −4𝑡 2 + 24𝑡
0 0 ⟹ ℎ = 36𝑡 2 + 𝑐 → (1)
t h Nkhl;lhh; irf;fps; Xa;T epiyf;F tUk; NghJ 𝑣 = 0
5 ?
0 5 𝑣 = −8𝑡 + 24 ⟹ 0 = −8𝑡 + 24 ⟹ 8𝑡 = 24 ⟹ 𝑡 = 3
𝑡 = 0, 𝑠 = 0: (1) ⟹ 𝑐 = 0
4 ? 𝑡 = 3 vdpy; 𝑠 = −4(3)2 + 24(3) = −36 + 72 ⟹ 𝑠 = 36
∴ (1) ⟹ 𝑠 = 10𝑡 2 + 50𝑡 → (2)
? 149 ∵ 𝑠 = 36 < 40, thfdk; jLg;gpd; kPJ NkhjhJ.
𝑡 = 2, 𝑠 =? : (2) ⟹ 𝑠 = 10(2)2 + 50(2) ⟹ 𝑠 = 140 1
∴ khiy 5 kzpf;F mj;njhlh; tz;b 140 fp.kP J}uk; (m) 𝑡 = 0, ℎ = 5: (1) ⟹ 5 = 36(0) ⁄2 + 𝑐 ⟹ 𝑐 = 5 5.xU ge;J 39.2 kP/tpdhb Muk;g jpirNtfj;jpy;
1 jiuapypUe;J Nky;Nehf;fp vwpag;gLfpwJ.,q;F
gazpj;jpUf;Fk;. ∴ (1) ⟹ ℎ = 36𝑡 ⁄2 + 5 → (2) KLf;fj;ij <h;gG ; tpiriag; nghWj;J kl;Lk;
1
2.xU eghpd; cauk; ℎ nr.kP kw;Wk; vil 𝑤 fp.fp. mthpd; 𝑡 = 4, ℎ =? : (2) ⟹ ℎ = 36(4) ⁄2 + 5 = 36(2) + 5 = 72 + 5 fUJk;NghJ
vilapd; khWk; tPjk; cauj;ijg; nghWj;Jj; Njhuhakhf ∴ ℎ = 77 (m)vt;tsT Neuk; fopj;Jg; ge;J jiuia te;J NkhJk;.
𝑑𝑤
= 4.364 × 10−5 ℎ2 vdf; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vdpy;, ∴ ehd;F Mz;bw;F gpwF kuj;jpd; cauk; 77 nr.kP Mf (M)ve;j Ntfj;jpy; ge;jhdJ jiuia NkhJk;
𝑑ℎ (,)ge;jhdJ vt;tsT J}uk; Nky; Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk;
vilia cauj;jpd; rhh;ghff; fhz;f. NkYk; xU eghpd; ,Uf;Fk;.
cauk; 150 nr.kP Mf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ viliaf; fhz;f. 1 vd;gjidf; fhz;f.
𝑑𝑤
(M) 𝑡 =? , ℎ = 149: (1) ⟹ 149 = 36(𝑡) ⁄2 + 5 Muk;g jpirNtfk; 𝑢 = 39.2 kP/tpdhb , 𝑔 = 9.8
= 4.364 × 10−5 ℎ2 ⟹ 𝑑𝑤 = (4.364 × 10−5 ℎ2 )𝑑ℎ 1 1
⟹ 36(𝑡) ⁄2 = 149 − 5 ⟹ 36(𝑡) ⁄2 = 144 1 1
𝑑ℎ 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 − 2 𝑔𝑡 2 = 39.2𝑡 − 2 (9.8)𝑡 2 = 39.2𝑡 − 4.9𝑡 2
,UGwKk; njhifapl⟹ ∫ 𝑑𝑤 = ∫(4.364 × 10−5 ℎ2 )𝑑ℎ 1 144 1
⟹ (𝑡) ⁄2 = 36 ⟹ (𝑡) ⁄2 = 4
∴ 𝑠 = 39.2𝑡 − 4.9𝑡 2

𝑑𝑠
𝑡 −Ig; nghWj;J tifapl, 𝑣 = 𝑑𝑡 = 39.2(1) − 4.9(2𝑡) nr.kP2 MFk;. 1
∴ (2) ⟹ 𝑥 + 1 = 2 (2𝑥 − 3) + 2
5
3 3
(M) 𝑡 = 4, 𝑥 =? : (2) ⟹ 𝑥 = 4+2 + 1 = 6 + 1 = 0.5 + 1 1 5
∴ 𝑣 = 39.2 − 9.8𝑡 2
(2𝑥−3)+
2
𝑥 = 1.5 (1) ⟹ 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(m)ge;J jiuia milAk; NghJ 𝑠 = 0 𝑥 2 −3𝑥+1
1 2𝑥−3 5 1
⟹ 39.2𝑡 − 4.9𝑡 2 = 0 ⟹ 4.9𝑡(8 − 𝑡) = 0 ∴ tpahof;fpoikad;W fhag;gFjpapd; gug;gsT 1.5 nr.kP2 ⟹ 𝐼 = 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 −3𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 −3𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥
⟹ 8 − 𝑡 = 0 (𝑜𝑟)4.9𝑡 = 0 ⟹ 𝑡 = 8 ; 𝑡 = 0(jPh;T ,y;iy) MFk;. 1 5 1
𝟑𝒙+𝟓 ⟹ 𝐼 = 2 log|𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1| + 𝑐 + 2 ∫ 9 9 𝑑𝑥
∴ge;J jiuia mila 8 tpdhb MFk;. 7.kjpg;gpLf: ∫ 𝒙𝟐 +𝟒𝒙+𝟕 𝒅𝒙 𝑥 2 −3𝑥+1+ −
4 4
1 5 1
(M)ge;J jiuia NkhJk; NghJ Ntfk;= 𝑣(8) 𝑓′ 𝑥 1 1 𝑥 ⟹ 𝐼 = 2 log|𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1| + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
= 39.2 − 9.8(8) = 39.2 − 78.4 = −39.2 kP/tpdhb ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = log|𝑓(𝑥)| + 𝑐 ; ∫ 𝑥 2 +𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑎) + 𝑐 3 2 5
(𝑥− ) −
2 4
1 5 1
(,)ge;jhdJ mjpfgl;r cauj;ij milAk; NghJ 𝑣 = 0 3𝑥+5
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+7 𝑑𝑥 vd;f.→ (1) ⟹ 𝐼 = 2 log|𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1| + 2 ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
39.2 3 2 √5
⟹ 39.2 − 9.8𝑡 = 0 ⟹ 9.8𝑡 = 39.2 ⟹ 𝑡 = 9.8 = 4 (𝑥− ) −( )
𝑑 2 2
3𝑥 + 5 = 𝐴 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 7) + 𝐵 3 √5
Nky;Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk; mjpfgl;r cauk;= 𝑠(4) 1 5 1 𝑥− −
⟹ 3𝑥 + 5 = 𝐴(2𝑥 + 4) + 𝐵 → (2) ⟹ 𝐼 = 2 log|𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1| + 2 . log | 2 2
|+𝑐
= 39.2(4) − 4.9(4)2 = 156.8 − 78.4 = 78.4kP. 2.
√5
𝑥− +
3 √5
𝟑 ⟹ 3𝑥 + 5 = 2𝐴𝑥 + 4𝐴 + 𝐵 2 2 2
6.xUtUf;F Vw;gl;l fhak; MdJ − (𝒕+𝟐)𝟐 nr.kP2/ehs; Xj;j cWg;Gfspd; nfOf;fisr; rkd;gLj;j,
1
⟹ 𝐼 = 2 log|𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1| +
√5
log |
2𝑥−3−√5
|+ 𝑐
2 2𝑥−3+√5
vd;w tPjj;jpy; Qhapw;Wf;fpoik Kjy; Fzkilaj; ⟹ 2𝐴 = 3 ; 4𝐴 + 𝐵 = 5 𝟐𝒙+𝟑
njhlq;FfpwJ. jpq;fl;fpoik md;W fhag;gFjpapd; gug;G 9.kjpg;gpLf: ∫ 𝒅𝒙
3 3 √ 𝒙𝟐 +𝒙+𝟏
2 nr.kP2 vdpy; (,q;F 𝒕 vd;gJ ehl;fisf; Fwpf;fpwJ) ⟹ 𝐴 = 2 ; 4 (2) + 𝐵 = 5 ⟹ 6 + 𝐵 = 5 ⟹ 𝐵 = 5 − 6 ′
𝑓𝑥
(m)Qhapw;Wf;fpoikad;W fhag;gFjpapd; gug;gsT ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 2√𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑐;
𝐵 = −1
vt;tsthf ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;? 3 √𝑓 (𝑥)
(M),Nj tPjj;jpy; njhlh;e;J Fzkhfpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ∴ (2) ⟹ 3𝑥 + 5 = (2𝑥 + 4) − 1 1
2
NghJ tpahof;fpoikad;W vjph;ghh;f;Fk; fhag; gFjpapd; 3
(2x+4)−1 3 2𝑥+4 1 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = log |𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 | + 𝑐
gug;G vt;tsT? (1) ⟹ I = ∫ 2
dx = 2 ∫ x2 +4x+7 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ x2 +4x+7 𝑑𝑥 √𝑥 2 + 𝑎2
x2 +4x+7 2𝑥+3
fhag; gFjpapd; gug;G 𝑥 vd;f. 3 1 𝐼 = ∫ √𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 vd;f.→ (1)
𝑑𝑥 3 = 2 log|x 2 + 4x + 7| + 𝑐 − ∫ x2 +4x+7+4−4 𝑑𝑥 +𝑥+1
= − (𝑡+2)2 𝑑
𝑑𝑡 3 2
= 2 log|x + 4x + 7| − ∫ (x2 +4x+4)+3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
1 2𝑥 + 3 = 𝐴 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵
⟹ 𝑑𝑥 = −3(𝑡 + 2)−2 𝑑𝑡 3 1 ⟹ 2𝑥 + 3 = 𝐴(2𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵 → (2)
,UGwKk; njhifapl⟹ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ −3(𝑡 + 2)−2 𝑑𝑡 = 2 log|x 2 + 4x + 7| − ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
(𝑥+2)2 +√3 ⟹ 2𝑥 + 3 = 2𝐴𝑥 + 𝐴 + 𝐵
(𝑡+2)−2+1 (𝑡+2)−1
⟹ 𝑥 = −3 + 𝑐 ⟹ 𝑥 = −3 +𝑐 3 1 𝑥+2 Xj;j cWg;Gfspd; nfOf;fisr; rkd;gLj;j,
−2+1 −1 = 2 log|x 2 + 4x + 7| − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( 3 ) + 𝑐
3 √3 √
⟹ 𝑥 = 𝑡+2 + 𝑐 → (1) 𝒙+𝟏 ⟹ 2𝐴 = 2 ; 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 3 ⟹ 𝐴 = 1 ; 1 + 𝐵 = 3 ⟹ 𝐵 = 2
8.kjpg;gpLf:∫ 𝒙𝟐 −𝟑𝒙+𝟏 𝒅𝒙 (2) ⟹ 2𝑥 + 3 = (2𝑥 + 1) + 2
fpoik t x (2𝑥+1)+2
𝑓′ 𝑥 1 1 𝑥−𝑎 (1) ⟹ 𝐼 = ∫ 2
QhapW 0 ? ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = log|𝑓(𝑥)| + 𝑐; ∫ 𝑥 2 −𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑎 log |𝑥+𝑎| + 𝑐 √𝑥
𝑑𝑥
+𝑥+1
jpq;fs; 1 2 𝑥+1 ⟹ 𝐼 = ∫ √𝑥 2
2𝑥+1
𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ √𝑥 2
1
𝑑𝑥
tpahod; 4 ? 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 2 −3𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 vd;f.→ (1) +𝑥+1 +𝑥+1
2 1
3 3 𝑑 ⟹𝐼= 2√𝑥 + 𝑥 +1 + 𝑐 + 2∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑡 = 1, 𝑥 = 2: (1) ⟹ 2 = 1+2 + 𝑐 ⟹ 2 = 3 + 𝑐 𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2
− 3𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵 1 1
√𝑥 2 +𝑥+1+ −
4 4
⟹1+𝑐 =2⟹𝑐 =2−1⟹ 𝑐 =1 ⟹ 𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(2𝑥 − 3) + 𝐵 → (2) 1
3 ⟹ 𝐼 = 2√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
∴ (1) ⟹ 𝑥 = 𝑡+2 + 1 → (2) ⟹ 𝑥 + 1 = 2𝐴𝑥 − 3𝐴 + 𝐵 √(𝑥+1) +3
2
2 4
3 3 Xj;j cWg;Gfspd; nfOf;fisr; rkd;gLj;j, 1
(m) 𝑡 = 0, 𝑥 =? : (2) ⟹ 𝑥 = 0+2 + 1 = 2 + 1 = 1.5 + 1 ⟹ 𝐼 = 2√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
⟹ 2𝐴 = 1 ; −3𝐴 + 𝐵 = 1 2 2
𝑥 = 2.5 1 1 3 5 √(𝑥+1) +(√3)
⟹ 𝐴 = 2 ; −3 (2) + 𝐵 = 1 ⟹ 𝐵 = 1 + 2 ⟹ 𝐵 = 2 2 2
∴ Qhapw;Wf;fpoikad;W fhag;gFjpapd; gug;gsT 2.5
1 2
2 𝑛(𝐴) = 𝑚 ; 𝑛(𝐵) = 𝑘 (𝑘 + 𝑙)⁄
⟹ 𝐼 = 2√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 + 2 log |𝑥 + 2 + √(𝑥 + 2) + ( 2 ) | +
1 √3 ⟹𝑚−𝑝 = 7 ⟹ (𝑚, 𝑝) ∈ 𝑅
𝑛[𝑃(𝐴)] − 𝑛[𝑃(𝐵)] = 112
𝑐 ⟹ 2𝑛(𝐴) − 2𝑛(𝐵) = 112 ∴ R MdJ flg;G MFk;.
𝟓𝒙−𝟕 ⟹ 2𝑚 − 2𝑘 = 112 ∴ R MdJ rkhdj; njhlh;G MFk;.
10.kjpg;gpLf: ∫ 𝒅𝒙
√ 𝟑𝒙−𝒙𝟐 −𝟐 ⟹ 2𝑘 (2𝑚−𝑘 − 1) = 112 4.𝑺 = {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑} kw;Wk;
𝑓′ 𝑥 ⟹ 2𝑘 (2𝑚−𝑘 − 1) = 16 × 7 𝝆 = {(𝟏, 𝟏), (𝟏, 𝟐), (𝟐, 𝟐), (𝟏, 𝟑), (𝟑, 𝟏)} vd;f. njhlh;G 𝝆-I
∫ √𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 2√𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑐;
⟹ 2𝑘 (2𝑚−𝑘 − 1) = 24 × 7 (i) jw;Rl;L (ii) rkr;rPh; (iii) flg;G (iv) rkhdj; njhlh;G vd
1
∫ √𝑎2 −𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑎) + 𝑐
𝑥 ⟹ 2𝑘 = 24 ; (2𝑚−𝑘 − 1) = 7 cUthf;f 𝝆 -cld; Nrh;f;fg;gl Ntz;ba my;yJ
⟹ 𝑘 = 4 ; 2𝑚−𝑘 = 8 ⟹ 2𝑚−𝑘 = 23 ePf;fg;gl Ntz;ba Fiwe;jgl;r cWg;Gfis vOJf.
5𝑥−7
𝐼 = ∫ √3𝑥−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 vd;f.→ (1) ⟹ 𝑚−𝑘 = 3⟹ 𝑚−4 =3⟹ 𝑚 = 7 i)jw;Rl;L:
−2
𝑑
5𝑥 − 7 = 𝐴 (3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2) + 𝐵 2. Z vd;w fzj;jpy; “m-n MdJ 12-d; klq;fhf ,Ue;jhy; (1,1), (2,2) ∈ 𝜌, vdNt(3,3)-I Nrh;j;jhy; jw;Rl;lhFk;.
𝑑𝑥 njhlh;G mRn” vd tiuaWf;fg;gl;lhy; R vd;gJ rkhdj; ii)rkr;rPh;:
⟹ 5𝑥 − 7 = 𝐴(3 − 2𝑥) + 𝐵 → (2) njhlh;G vd ep&gpf;f. (1,2) ∈ 𝜌, vdNt(2,1)-I Nrh;j;jhy; rkr;rPuhFk;. (1,2)-I
⟹ 5𝑥 − 7 = 3𝐴 − 2𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵 i)jw;Rl;L: ePf;fpdhy; rkr;rPuhFk;.
Xj;j cWg;Gfspd; nfOf;fisr; rkd;gLj;j, 𝑚 − 𝑚 = 0 ⟹ 0 × 12 = 0,0-Tk; 12-d; klq;fhFk;. iii)flg;G:
⟹ −2𝐴 = 5 ; 3𝐴 + 𝐵 = −7 (𝑚, 𝑚) ∈ 𝑅. ∴ R MdJ jw;Rl;lhFk;. (3,1), (1,3) ∈ 𝜌, vdNt(3,3)-I Nrh;j;jhy; flg;ghFk;.
5 5 15 1
⟹ 𝐴 = − 2 ; 3 (− 2) + 𝐵 = −7 ⟹ 𝐵 = −7 + ⟹ 𝐵=2 ii)rkr;rPh;: (3,1), (1,2) ∈ 𝑝, vdNt(3,2)-I Nrh;j;jhy; flg;ghFk;. (3,1)-
2
5 1 (𝑚, 𝑛) ∈ 𝑅 vd;f.𝑘 ∈ 𝑧 ⟹ 𝑚 − 𝑛 = 12𝑘 I ePf;fpdhy; flg;ghFk;.
(2) ⟹ 5𝑥 − 7 = − 2 (3 − 2𝑥) + 2 ⟹ 𝑛 − 𝑚 = 12(−𝑘) ⟹ (𝑛, 𝑚) ∈ 𝑅 iv)rkhdj; njhlh;G:
5 1
− (3−2𝑥)+
2 2 ∴ R MdJ rkr;ruP hFk;. 𝜌 -I rkhdj; njhlh;ghf cUthf;f (3,3), (2,1), (3,2)
(1) ⟹ 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 Mfpa cWg;Gfs; Nrh;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
√3𝑥−𝑥 2 −2 iii)flg;G:
5 3−2𝑥 1 1
⟹ 𝐼 = − 2 ∫ √3𝑥−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ √3𝑥−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 (𝑚, 𝑛) ∈ 𝑅, (𝑛, 𝑝) ∈ 𝑅 vd;f.𝑘, 𝑙 ∈ 𝑧 ⟹ 𝑚 − 𝑛 = 12𝑘 ; 𝑛 − 5. 𝑿 = {𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄, 𝒅} kw;Wk; 𝑹 = {(𝒂, 𝒂), (𝒃, 𝒃), (𝒂, 𝒄)} vd;f.
−2 −2
5 1 1 𝑝 = 12𝑙 njhlh;G R-I (i) jw;Rl;L (ii) rkr;rPh; (iii) flg;G (iv)
⟹ 𝐼 = − 2 . 2√3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2 + 𝑐 + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√3𝑥−𝑥 2 −2+ −
9 9 ⟹ 𝑚 − 𝑝 = 12(𝑘 + 𝑙) ⟹ (𝑚, 𝑝) ∈ 𝑅 rkhdj; njhlh;G vd cUthf;f R-cld; Nrh;f;fg;gl
4 4
1 1 ∴ R MdJ flg;G MFk;. Ntz;ba Fiwe;jgl;r cWg;Gfis vOJf.
⟹ 𝐼 = −5√3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2 + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐 ∴ R MdJ rkhdj; njhlh;G MFk;. i)jw;Rl;L: (𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅, vdNt(𝑐, 𝑐), (𝑑, 𝑑)-I Nrh;j;jhy;
2 2
√(√17) −(𝑥−3) 3. Z-y; “m-n MdJ 7 My; tFgLnkdpy; mRn” vdj; jw;Rl;lhFk;.
2 2
3 njhlh;G R tiuaWf;fg;gl;lhy; R vd;gJ rkhdj; njhlh;G ii)rkr;rPh;:
1 𝑥−
⟹ 𝐼 == −5√3𝑥 − 𝑥2 − 2 + 2 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1
( 2
)+𝑐 vd ep&gpf;f. (𝑎, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅, vdNt(𝑐, 𝑎)-I Nrh;j;jhy; rkr;rPuhFk;.
√17
2 i)jw;Rl;L: iii)flg;G: vJTk; Nrh;f;f Ntz;bajpy;iy.
1 2𝑥−3 iv)rkhdj; njhlh;G:
⟹ 𝐼 == −5√3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2 + 2 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )+𝑐 𝑚 − 𝑚 = 0 ⟹ 0 ÷ 7 = 0,0-Tk; 7-My; tFgLk;.(𝑚, 𝑚) ∈ 𝑅
√17
nra;Jghh;: ∴ R MdJ jw;Rl;lhFk;. 𝑅 -I rkhdj; njhlh;ghf cUthf;f (𝑐, 𝑐), (𝑑, 𝑑), (𝑐, 𝑎)
2𝑥−3 5𝑥−2 3𝑥+1 ii)rkr;rPh;: Mfpa cWg;Gfs; Nrh;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
1) ∫ 𝑥 2 +4𝑥−12 𝑑𝑥 2) ∫ 2+2𝑥+𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 3) ∫ 2𝑥 2 −2𝑥+3 𝑑𝑥 6. 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐} kw;Wk; 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑏), (𝑎, 𝑐)} vd;f.
2𝑥+1 𝑥+2 2𝑥+3 (𝑚, 𝑛) ∈ 𝑅 vd;f.𝑘 ∈ 𝑧 ⟹ 𝑚 − 𝑛 = 𝑘⁄7
4) ∫ √9+4𝑥−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 5) ∫ √𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 6) ∫ √𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 njhlh;G R-I (i) jw;Rl;L (ii) rkr;rPh; (iii) flg;G (iv) rkhdj;
−1 +4𝑥+1 (−𝑘)⁄
1.fzq;fs;, njhlh;Gfs; kw;Wk; rhh;Gfs; ⟹𝑛−𝑚 = 7 ⟹ (𝑛, 𝑚) ∈ 𝑅 ∴ R MdJ rkr;rPuhFk;. njhlh;G vd cUthf;f R-cld; Nrh;f;fg;gl Ntz;ba
Fiwe;jgl;r cWg;Gfis vOJf.
1. ,U fzq;fspd; cWg;Gfspd; vz;zpf;if m kw;Wk; k iii)flg;G: i)jw;Rl;L:
MFk;. Kjy; fzj;jpYs;s cl;fzq;fspd; vz;zpf;if
,uz;lhtJ fzj;jpd; cl;fzq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia (𝑚, 𝑛) ∈ 𝑅, (𝑛, 𝑝) ∈ 𝑅 vd;f.𝑘, 𝑙 ∈ 𝑧 ⟹ 𝑚 − 𝑛 = 𝑘⁄7 ; (𝑎, 𝑎), (𝑏, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅, vdNt(𝑐, 𝑐)-I Nrh;j;jhy; jw;Rl;lhFk;.
ii)rkr;rPh;:
tpl 112 mjpfnkdpy;, m kw;Wk; k kjpg;Gfisf; fhz;f. 𝑛 − 𝑝 = 𝑙⁄7
(𝑎, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅, vdNt(𝑐, 𝑎)-I Nrh;j;jhy; rkr;rPuhFk;. i)jw;Rl;L: 𝑥=0 tiuaWf;f −
iii)flg;G: vJTk; Nrh;f;f Ntz;bajpy;iy. (6,6) ∈ 𝑅-I jtpu kw;w cWg;Gfs; (𝑎, 𝑎) ∉ 𝑅. ∴ R MdJ ,ayhJ
iv)rkhdj; njhlh;G: jw;Rl;L my;y. kPg;ngU rhh;gfk;
ii)rkr;rPh;: = [−3,3] ∩ [(−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞)] = [−3, −1) ∪ (1,3]
𝑅 -I rkhdj; njhlh;ghf cUthf;f (𝑐, 𝑐), (𝑐, 𝑎) Mfpa
√4−𝑥 2
cWg;Gfs; Nrh;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. (9,4) ∈ 𝑅 ⟹ (4,9) ∉ 𝑅 ∴ R MdJ rkr;rPu; my;y. 13. 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 vd;w rhh;gpd; kPg;ngU rhh;gfj;ijf;
−9
7.midj;J ,ay; vz;fspd; fzj;jpy; njhlh;G R vd;gJ iii)flg;G: njspthf (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑏, 𝑐) ∈ 𝑅 ⟹ (𝑎, 𝑐) ∉ 𝑅 R MdJ fhz;f.
“ x+2y=1” vdpy; xRy vd tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ vdpy; flg;G my;y. 𝑥-d; kjpg;G 𝑓(𝑥) rhh;gfk;
jw;Rl;L, rkr;rPh; kw;Wk; flg;G Mfpatw;iw gw;wp Muha;f. iv)rkhdj; njhlh;G: 𝑅 MdJ rkhdj; njhlh;G my;y.
𝟏
𝑥 < −2, 4 − 𝑥2 < 0 [−2,2]
R vd;gJ “ x+2y=1” vdpy; xRy, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 ⟹ 𝑅 vd;gJ xU 10. 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙−𝟏 vd;w rhh;gpd; tPr;rfj;ijf; fhz;f. 𝑥>2 √4 − 𝑥 2 fhz
ntw;Wf;fzk;. −1 ≤ cos 𝑥 ≤ 1 ,ayhJ
i)jw;Rl;L: 𝑅 vd;gJ xU ntw;Wf;fzk;, ∴ R MdJ jw;Rl;L ⟹ −2 ≤ 2 cos 𝑥 − 1 ≤ 2
my;y. ⟹ −2 − 1 ≤ 2 cos 𝑥 − 1 ≤ 2 − 1 𝑥 ≥ −3, 𝑥2 − 9 ≤ 0 [−3,3]-f;F
ii)rkr;rPh;: 𝑅 vd;gJ xU ntw;Wf;fzk;, R MdJ rkr;rPu; ⟹ −3 ≤ 2 cos 𝑥 − 1 ≤ 1 𝑥≤3 9 fhz ,ayhJ ntspapy;
MFk;. 1 1 1 mikAk;
iii)flg;G:𝑅 vd;gJ xU ntw;Wf;fzk;, R MdJ flg;G ⟹ − 3 ≥ 2 cos 𝑥−1 ≥ 1 (−∞, −3]
1 1 1 1
MFk;. ⟹ 2 cos 𝑥−1 ≤ − 3 ; ≥1 ∪ [3, ∞)
(Fwpg;G : ntw;Wj; njhlh;gpidr; rkr;rPh; kw;Wk; flg;G 2 cos 𝑥−1
1 𝑥=0 tiuaWf;f −
njhlh;ghff; fUjyhk;) 𝑓 −d; tPr;rfk; = (−∞, − 3] ∪ [1, ∞) ,ayhJ
8.,ay; vz;fspd; fzj;jpy; R vd;gJ “𝑎 + 𝑏 ≤ 6 Mf 1
11. 𝑓(𝑥) = 1−3 cos 𝑥 –d; tPr;rfk; fhz;f. kPg;ngU rhh;gfk;
,Ue;jhy; aRb” vd tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ. R-y; cs;s = [−2,2] ∩ [(−∞, −3] ∪ [3, ∞)] = ∅
−1 ≤ cos 𝑥 ≤ 1 14. 𝒇: 𝑹 → 𝑹 vd;w rhh;G 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑 vd
cWg;Gfis vOJf. mJ (i) jw;Rl;L (ii) rkr;rhP ; (iii) flg;G
⟹ −3 ≤ −3 cos 𝑥 ≤ 3 tiuaWf;fg;gbd; 𝒇 xU ,UGwr;rhh;G vd ep&gpj;J, mjd;
(iv) rkhdj; njhlh;gh vd;gij rhpghh;f;f.
⟹ 1 − 3 ≤ 1 − 3 cos 𝑥 ≤ 1 + 3 Neh;khwpidf; fhz;f.
𝑎+𝑏 ≤6
⟹ −2 ≤ 1 − 3 cos 𝑥 ≤ 4 𝑓 kw;Wk; 𝑔 Mfpait ,UGwr;rhh;ghfTk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W
𝑅 = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), 1 1 1
(2,4), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (4,1), (4,2), (5,1)} ⟹ − 2 ≥ 1−3 cos 𝑥 ≥ 4 Neh;khwhfTk; ,Uf;f fl;Lg;ghL 𝑔𝑜𝑓 = 𝐼𝑥 , 𝑓𝑜𝑔 = 𝐼𝑦
1 1 1 1 𝑦+3 𝑦+3
i)jw;Rl;L: ⟹ 1−3 cos 𝑥 ≤ − 2 ; 1−3 cos 𝑥 ≥ 4 f(x) = 2x − 3 ⟹ 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3 ⟹ 𝑥 = ⟹ 𝑔(𝑦) =
2 2
(4,4), (5,5) ∉ 𝑅 ∴ R MdJ jw;Rl;L my;y. 1 1 2𝑥−3+3
𝑓 −d; tPr;rfk; = (−∞, − 2] ∪ [4 , ∞) (gof)(x) = g[2x − 3] = =𝑥
ii)rkr;rPh;: 2
𝑦+3 𝑦+3
∀ (𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝑅 = (𝑏, 𝑎) ∈ 𝑅 ∴ R MdJ rkr;rPu;. √𝟗−𝒙𝟐 (fog)(x) = f [ ] = 2( 2 ) − 3 = 𝑦
12.nka;kjpg;G rhh;G 𝒇 MdJ 𝒇(𝒙) = vd 2
iii)flg;G:(5,1), (1,5) ∈ 𝑅 ⟹ (5,5) ∉ 𝑅 njspthf R MdJ √𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
∵ 𝑔𝑜𝑓 = 𝐼𝑥 , 𝑓𝑜𝑔 = 𝐼𝑦
flg;G my;y. tiuaWf;fg;gl;lhy; mjd; rhj;jpakhd kPg;ngU
rhh;gfj;ijf; fhz;f. 𝑓 kw;Wk; 𝑔 Mfpait ,UGwr;rhh;ghfTk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W
iv)rkhdj; njhlh;G: 𝑅 MdJ rkhdj; njhlh;G my;y. Neh;khwhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.
𝑥-d; kjpg;G 𝑓(𝑥) rhh;gfk;
9.,ay; vz;fspd; fzj;jpy; R vd;gJ “2a+3b=30 vdpy; 2
𝑦+3 𝑥+3
𝑓 ′ (𝑦) = 2 ; 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2
𝑥 < −3, 9−𝑥 <0 [−3,3]
aRb” vd tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ. R-y; cs;s cWg;Gfis
𝑥>3 √9 − 𝑥 2 15. 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 vd;w rhh;G 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 5 vd
vOJf. mJ (i) jw;Rl;L (ii) rkr;rPh; (iii) flg;G (iv) rkhdj;
njhlh;gh vd;gij rhpghh;f;f. fhz tiuaWf;fg;gbd; 𝑓 xU ,UGwr;rhh;G vd ep&gpj;J, mjd;
30−3𝑏 ,ayhJ Neh;khwpidf; fhz;f.
2𝑎 + 3𝑏 = 30 ⟹ 𝑎 = 2 𝑥 ≥ −1, 𝑥 2 − 1 ≤ 0 [−1,1]-f;F ntspapy; 𝑓 kw;Wk; 𝑔 Mfpait ,UGwr;rhh;ghfTk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W
a 3 6 9 12 𝑥≤1 √𝑥 2 − 1 mikAk; Neh;khwhfTk; ,Uf;f fl;Lg;ghL 𝑔𝑜𝑓 = 𝐼𝑥 , 𝑓𝑜𝑔 = 𝐼𝑦
b 8 6 4 2 fhz (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞) 𝑦+5 𝑦+5
f(x) = 3x − 5 ⟹ 𝑦 = 3x − 5 ⟹ 𝑥 = ⟹ 𝑔(𝑦) =
𝑅 = {(3,8), (6,6), (9,4), (12,2)} ,ayhJ 3 3

(gof)(x) = g[3x − 5] =
3x−5+5
=𝑥 −𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ 0 rhh;G vd;gijAk; fhz;f. mit 𝑦 = 𝑥 vd;w
3 |𝑥| = {
𝑦+5 𝑦+5
𝑥, 𝑥 > 0 Neh;f;Nfhl;by; rkr;rPh; cilaJ vd;gij tiue;J fhz;f.
(fog)(x) = f [ ] = 3( 3 ) − 5 = 𝑦 2𝑥 − (−𝑥) = 3𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ 0 f(x) = 3x − 4 ⟹ 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 4 ⟹ 𝑥 = 3
𝑦+4
3 𝑓(𝑥) = {
∵ 𝑔𝑜𝑓 = 𝐼𝑥 , 𝑓𝑜𝑔 = 𝐼𝑦 2𝑥 − 𝑥 = 𝑥, 𝑥 > 0 𝑦+4
2𝑥 + (−𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ 0 ⟹ 𝑔(𝑦) =
𝑓 kw;Wk; 𝑔 Mfpait ,UGwr;rhh;ghfTk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W 𝑔(𝑥) = { 3
3𝑥−4+4
Neh;khwhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. 2𝑥 + 𝑥 = 3𝑥, 𝑥 > 0 (gof)(x) = g[3x − 4 ] = =𝑥
𝑦+5 𝑥+5 𝑥 ≤ 0 ⟹ (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓[𝑥] = 3𝑥 3
𝑓 ′ (𝑦) = 3 ; 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3 (fog)(y) = f [
𝑦+4 𝑦+4
] = 3( 3 ) − 4 = 𝑦
𝑥 > 0 ⟹ (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓[3𝑥] = 3𝑥 3
−𝒙 + 𝟒 ; −∞ < 𝒙 ≤ −𝟑 ∀ x, (fog)(x) = 3x ∵ 𝑔𝑜𝑓 = 𝐼𝑥 , 𝑓𝑜𝑔 = 𝐼𝑦
𝒙 + 𝟒 ; −𝟑 < 𝒙 < −𝟐 20.xU tpw;gid gpujpepjpapd; Mz;L tUkhdj;ijf; 𝑓 kw;Wk; 𝑔 Mfpait ,UGwr;rhh;ghfTk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W
16. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 ; −𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟏 vd tiuaWf;fg;gbd; Fwpf;Fk; rhh;G 𝐴(𝑥) = 30,000 + 0.04𝑥. ,q;F 𝑥 vd;gJ Neh;khwhfTk; cs;sJ.
𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 ; 𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟕 mth; tpw;Fk; nghUspd; tpiykjpg;ig &ghahf 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) =
𝑦+4
; 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
𝑥+4
{ 𝟎 ; 𝒆𝒍𝒔𝒆𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 Fwpf;fpd;wJ. tpw;gidj; Jiwapy; cs;s mth; kfdpd; 3 3
−𝟒, 𝟏, −𝟐, 𝟕, 𝟎 Mfpatw;wpy; 𝒇-d; kjpg;Gfisf; fhz;f. tUkhdk; 𝑆(𝑥) = 25,000 + 0.05𝑥 vDk; rhh;ghff; 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 4
Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ vdpy;, (𝐴 + 𝑆)(𝑥) fhz;f. NkYk;, X -1 0 1
𝑓(−4) = −(−4) + 4 = 8
𝑓(1) = 1 − 12 = 0 𝑓(−2) = (−2)2 − (−2) = 6 &.15000000 kjpg;Gs;s nghUl;fis mth;fspUtUk; y -7 -4 -1
𝑓(7) = 0 𝑓(0) = (0)2 − (0) = 0 jdpj;jdpNa tpw;why; FLk;g nkhj;j tUkhdj;jpidf; 𝑦= 3
𝑥+4
fzf;fpLf.
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 5 ; 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 0) 𝐴(𝑥) = 30,000 + 0.04𝑥 𝑆(𝑥) = 25,000 + 0.05𝑥 X -1 2 5
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2 ; 𝑥 ∈ (3, ∞) nkhj;j tUkhdk; (𝐴 + 𝑆)(𝑥) = 55,000 + 0.09𝑥 y 1 2 3
17. 𝑓(𝑥) = vd
𝑥 2 ; 𝑥 ∈ (0,2) 𝑥 = 1,50,00,000 vdpy; (𝐴 + 𝑆)(𝑥) = 55,000 + 𝑦=𝑥
2 0.09(15000000) = 14,05,000 X -1 0 1
{ 𝑥 − 3 ; 𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒
tiuaWf;fg;gbd; −3,5,2, −1,0 Mfpatw;wpy; 𝑓-d; 21.ghud;`Pl;bypUe;J nry;rpa]; ntg;gepiyf;F khw;Wk; y -1 0 1
kjpg;Gfisf; fhz;f. 5𝑥 160
rhh;G 𝑦 = 9 − 9 vdpy;, 𝑦-d; Neh;khW rhh;gpidf; fhz;f.
𝑓(−3) = (−3)2 − 3 − 5 = 1 𝑓(5) = 52 + 3(5) − 2 = 38 Neh;khW rhh;Gk; xU rhh;G vdTk; fhz;f.
𝑓(2) = 22 − 3 = 1 𝑓(−1) = (−1)2 − 1 − 5 = −5 𝑓 kw;Wk; 𝑔 Mfpait ,UGwr;rhh;ghfTk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W
2
𝑓(0) = 0 − 3 = −3 Neh;khwhfTk; ,Uf;f fl;Lg;ghL 𝑔𝑜𝑓 = 𝐼𝑥 , 𝑓𝑜𝑔 = 𝐼𝑦
18. 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| + 𝑥 kw;Wk; 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥| − 𝑥 vd 𝑓, 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 5𝑥 160 5𝑥−160
𝑦= − ⟹ f(x) =
tiuaWf;fg;gbd; 𝑔𝑜𝑓 kw;Wk; 𝑓𝑜𝑔 fhz;f. 9 9 9
9𝑦+160 9𝑦+160
−𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ 0 ⟹𝑥= ⟹ 𝑔(𝑦) =
|𝑥| = { 5 5
𝑥, 𝑥 > 0 9(
𝟓𝒙−𝟏𝟔𝟎
)+160
−𝑥 + 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 ≤ 0 −𝑥 − 𝑥 = −2𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ 0 𝟓𝒙−𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝟗
𝑓(𝑥) = { ; 𝑔(𝑥) = { (gof)(x) = g [ ]= =𝑥
𝟗 5
𝑥 + 𝑥 = 2𝑥, 𝑥 > 0 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 > 0 9𝑦+160
9𝑦+160 5( )−160
𝑥 ≤ 0 ⟹ (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓[−2𝑥] = 0 (fog)(y) = f [ ]= 5
=𝑦 23.nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 vd;w tistiuapd;
5 9
𝑥 > 0 ⟹ (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓[0] = 0 glj;jpidg; gad;gLj;jp mr;R khwhky; xNu jsj;jpy;
∵ 𝑔𝑜𝑓 = 𝐼𝑥 , 𝑓𝑜𝑔 = 𝐼𝑦
𝑥 ≤ 0 ⟹ (𝑔𝑜𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑓[0] = 0 fPo;f;fhZk; rhh;Gfis tiuf.
𝑓 kw;Wk; 𝑔 Mfpait ,UGwr;rhh;ghfTk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W
𝑥 > 0 ⟹ (𝑔𝑜𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑔[2𝑥] = 0 Neh;khwhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. i) 𝑦 = −𝑥 3 ii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 1 iii)𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 1
∀ x, (fog)(x) = 0 , (gof)(x) = 0 9𝑦+160 9𝑥+160 iv)𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)3
𝑓 ′ (𝑦) = ; 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
19. 𝒇, 𝒈: 𝑹 → 𝑹 Mfpa ,U rhh;Gfs; 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 − |𝒙| 5 5
kw;Wk; 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + |𝒙| vd tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ vdpy; 22.xU rhjhuz rq;Nfjnkhopapy; Xh; cUtpid
𝒇𝒐𝒈-I fhz;f. khw;wpaikf;f vz;zhy; vOjg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rhh;G
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 4. ,r;rhh;gpd; Neh;khwpidAk;, me;Neh;khW xU

1
fpilg;gNj 𝑦 = 𝑥 ⁄3 + 1-d; tiuglk;. i) 𝑦 = sin(−𝑥) ii) 𝑦 = − sin(−𝑥) iii) 𝑦 =
1 𝜋 𝜋
iii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 ⁄3 vd;w tiuglj;ij 1 myF sin( 2 + 𝑥) iv) 𝑦 = sin( 2 − 𝑥) Mfpatw;iw tiuf.
epiyf;Fj;jhf fPo;Nehf;fp efh;j;Jtjhy; 𝑦 = sin 𝑥
1
fpilg;gNj 𝑦 = 𝑥 ⁄3 − 1-d; tiuglk;. x −2𝜋 − 3𝜋⁄ −𝜋 − 𝜋⁄2 0 𝜋⁄2 𝜋 3𝜋⁄ 2𝜋
1 2 2
iv) 𝑦 = 𝑥 ⁄3 vd;w tiuglj;ij 1 myF y 0 1 0 -1 0 1 0 -1 0
i) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 vd;w tiuglk; 𝑦 mr;ir nghWj;J fpilkl;lkhf ,lg;gf;fkhf
gpujpgypg;gNj 𝑦 = −𝑥 3 MFk;. 1
efh;j;Jtjhy; fpilg;gNj 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1) ⁄3 -d; i) 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 vd;w tiuglj;jpd; 𝑥 mr;rpidg;
ii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 vd;w tiuglj;ij 1 myF tiuglk;. nghWj;j gpujpgypg;Ng 𝑦 = sin(−𝑥)-d; tiuglk;
epiyf;Fj;jhf Nky;Nehf;fp efh;j;Jtjhy; MFk;.
fpilg;gNj 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 1-d; tiuglk;. ii) 𝑦 = − sin(−𝑥) vd;gJ 𝑦 = sin 𝑥-f;F rkk;.
iii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 vd;w tiuglj;ij 1 myF iii)
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦 = sin( + 𝑥) kw;Wk; 𝑦 = sin( − 𝑥)
epiyf;Fj;jhf fPo;Nehf;fp efh;j;Jtjhy; 2 2
fpilg;gNj 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 1-d; tiuglk;. vd;gtw;wpd; tiuglq;fs; 𝑦 = cos 𝑥-f;F rkk;.
iv) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 vd;w tiuglj;ij 1 myF
fpilkl;lkhf ,lg;gf;fkhf efh;j;Jtjhy;
fpilg;gNj 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 1-d; tiuglk;.
3
25.xNu jsj;jpy; 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 kw;Wk; 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 rhh;Gfis
tiuglkhf;Ff. 𝑓𝑜𝑔-I fzpj;J mNj jsj;jpy;
tiuglkhf;Ff. KbTfis Ma;T nra;f.
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 27. 𝑦 = 𝑥 vd;w Nfhl;bd; %yk; i) 𝑦 = −𝑥 ii) 𝑦 = 2𝑥
x -2 -1 0 1 2 1
iii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 iv) 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 + 1
1 𝑦 = 𝑥3 -8 -1 0 1 8
24.nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 𝑦 = 𝑥 ⁄3 vd;w tistiuapd; 3 1 v) 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3 = 0 Mfpatw;iw Njhuhakhf tiuf.
glj;jpidg; gad;gLj;jpf; fPo;f;fhZk; rhh;Gfis xNu 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 == 𝑥 ⁄3
𝑦=𝑥
jsj;jpy; tiuf. x -8 -1 0 1 8
1⁄ x -1 0 1
1 1
𝑦=𝑥 3 -2 -1 0 1 2
i) 𝑦 = −𝑥 ⁄3 ii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 ⁄3 + 1 iii)𝑦 = 𝑦=𝑥 1 0 -1
1⁄ 1⁄ 1⁄
𝑥 3−1 iv) 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1) 3 (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓 (𝑥 3) =𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑥 vd;w Nfhl;bd; 𝑥 mr;rpidg; nghWj;j gpujpgypg;Ng
x -2 -1 0 1 2 𝑦 = −𝑥 -d; tiuglk; MFk;.
𝑦 -2 -1 0 1 2 𝑦 = 𝑥 vd;gJ 2My; ngUf;fg;gLtjhy; 𝑦 = 2𝑥 vd;w
Neh;f;NfhldhJ 𝑦 mr;ir neUq;Fk;.
𝑦 = 𝑥 vd;gJ 1 My; $l;lg;gLtjhy; 1 myF Nky;Nehf;fp
efh;tjhy; 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1-d; tiuglk; fpilf;Fk;.
1
i)
1
𝑦 = 𝑥 ⁄3 vd;w tistiuapd; 𝑥 mr;rpidg; 𝑦 = 𝑥 vd;gJ 2 < 1 My; ngUf;fg;gLtjhy; 𝑥 mr;ir
1 neUq;Fk;, NkYk; 1 $l;lg;gLtjhy; 1 myF
nghWj;j gpujpgypg;Ng 𝑦 = −𝑥 ⁄3 -d; tiuglk;
MFk;. epiyf;Fj;jhf Nky;Nehf;fp efUk;.
1 𝑦 = 𝑥 vd;gJ −2 < 1 My; ngUf;fg;gLtjhy; 𝑥 mr;ir
ii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 ⁄3 vd;w tiuglj;ij 1 myF
epiyf;Fj;jhf Nky;Nehf;fp efh;j;Jtjhy; neUq;Fk;, NkYk; -3 $l;lg;gLtjhy; 3 myF
26. 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 vd;w rhh;gpid tiue;J mjd;%yk; epiyf;Fj;jhf fPo;Nehf;fp efUk;.
efUk;.
30. 𝒚 = |𝒙| vd;w tistiuapd; %yk; 𝒊)𝒚 = |𝒙 − 𝟏| +
𝟏 𝒊𝒊) 𝒚 = |𝒙 + 𝟏| − 𝟏
𝒊𝒊𝒊)𝒚 = |𝒙 + 𝟐| + 𝟑 Mfpatw;iw tiuf.
𝑦 = |𝑥|
x -2 -1 0 1 2
𝑦 = |𝑥| 2 1 0 1 2
𝑖)𝑦 = |𝑥 − 1| + 1 vDk; tistiuahdJ tyg;gf;fkhf 1
myF kw;Wk; Nky;Nehf;fpAk; 1 myF efUk;. nkhop A kl;Lk; njhpe;jth;fs; %=39
𝑖𝑖) 𝑦 = |𝑥 + 1| − 1 vDk; tistiuahdJ ,lg;gf;fkhf 1 39
myF kw;Wk; fPo;Nehf;fpAk; 1 myF efUk;. nkhop A kl;Lk; njhpe;jth;fs; vz;zpf;if = 100 × 5000
𝑖𝑖𝑖)𝑦 = |𝑥 + 2| + 3 vDk; tistiuahdJ ,lg;gf;fkhf = 1950
28. 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 vd;w tistiu %yk; 𝑦 = sin|𝑥| vd;gjd; 2 myF kw;Wk; Nky;Nehf;fp 3 myFk; efUk;. 2. mbg;gil ,aw;fzpjk;
tiuglj;ij tiuf. 1. √3 xU tpfpjKwh vz; vdf;fhl;Lf.
[ ,q;F sin(−𝑥) = − sin 𝑥 ] √3 xU tpfpjKW vz; vdf;nfhs;f.
𝑦 = sin|𝑥| ⟹ 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ≥ 0 𝑚
⟹ √3 = 𝑛 , 𝑚, 𝑛 Mfpait 1-I tpl NtW nghpa
x −2𝜋 − 3𝜋⁄ −𝜋 − 𝜋⁄2 0 𝜋⁄
2 𝜋
3𝜋⁄ 2𝜋
2 2 nghJf;fhuzp ,y;yhj ,anyz;fs;
y 0 1 0 -1 0 1 0 -1 0 ⟹ √3𝑛 = 𝑚,
𝑦 = sin|𝑥| ⟹ 𝑦 = − sin 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ≤ 0 ,UGwKk; th;f;fg;gLj;j, 𝑚2 = 3𝑛2 , 𝑚 xU %d;wpd;
x −2𝜋 − 3𝜋⁄ −𝜋 − 𝜋⁄2 0 𝜋⁄
2 𝜋 3𝜋⁄ 2𝜋 klq;fhd vz;.
2 2
𝑚 = 3𝑘 vd;f.
y 0 -1 0 1 0 -1 0 1 0 (3𝑘)2 = 3𝑛2 ⟹ 9𝑘 2 = 3𝑛2 ⟹ 𝑛2 = 3𝑘 2 , 𝑛 xU
%d;wpd; klq;fhd vz;.
𝑚 kw;Wk; 𝑛-d; nghJf;fhuzp 3-Mf khWfpwJ.
,J Kuz;ghL.
∴ √3 xU tpfpjKwh vz; MFk;.
2.xU cw;gj;jpahsh; 12 tpOf;fhL mkpyk; nfhz;l 600
ypl;lh; fiury; itj;jpUf;fpwhh;. ,jDld; vj;jid
ypl;lh;fs; 30 tpOf;fhL mkpyj;ij fye;jhy; 15
𝑦 = sin|𝑥| ⟹ 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ≥ 0 vd;gJ 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 vd;gjd; 31.kf;fs;njhif 5000 cs;s xU efuj;jpy; elj;jg;gl;l tpOf;fhl;bw;Fk; 18 tpOf;fhl;bw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l mlh;j;jp
tiuglj;jpw;F rkk;. xU fzf;nfLg;gpy;, nkhop A njhpe;jth;fs; 45%, nkhop B nfhz;l mkpyk; fpilf;Fk;?
𝑦 = sin|𝑥| ⟹ 𝑦 = −sin 𝑥 ; 𝑥 < 0 vd;gJ 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥-d; 𝑥 𝑥 ypl;lh; vd;gJ Njitg;gLk; 30% mkpyk; vd;f.
njhpe;jth;fs; 25%, nkhop C njhpe;jth;fs; 10%, A kw;Wk; B
mr;rpd; gpujpgypg;G MFk;. nkhj;j fiurypd; msT= 600 + 𝑥
nkhopfs; njhpe;jth;fs; 5%, B kw;Wk; C nkhopfs;
29. 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 vd;w tistiuapypUe;J 𝒚 = 𝟑(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟓 15% -k; 18% -k; ,ilg;gl;l mlh;j;jp nfhz;l
njhpe;jth;fs; 4%, A kw;Wk; C nkhopfs; njhpe;jth;fs; 4% mkpyj;jpd; msT
vd;w tistiuia fhZk; gbepiyfis vOJf. MFk;.,jpy; %d;W nkhopfSk; njhpe;jth;fs; 3% vdpy;;,
𝑖) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 -d; tiuglk; tiuf. = [𝑥-y; 30% + 600-y;12%] > (600 + 𝑥)-y; 15% ;
nkhop A kl;Lk; njhpe;jth;fs; vj;jid Ngh;? [𝑥-y; 30% + 600-y;12%] < (600 + 𝑥)-y; 18%
𝑖𝑖) 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)2 vd;gjhy; 1 myF tyg;gf;fk; efUk;.
𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)2 vd;gJ 3my; ngUf;fg;gLtjhy;, 𝑥-y; 30% + 600-y;12%] > 𝑥y; 30% + 600y;12%] <
tistiuahdJ 𝑦 mr;ir Nehf;fp neUf;Fk;. (600 + 𝑥)-y;15% (600 + 𝑥)y; 18%
30 30
𝑖𝑣) 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 1)2 cld; 5 $l;lg;gLtjhy;, ⟹ (𝑥 × 100) + (600 × ⟹ (𝑥 × 100) + (600 ×
tistiuahdJ 5 myFfs; epiyf;Fj;jhf Nky; Nehf;fp
12 15 12 18 1 2𝑥−3
) > (600 + 𝑥) 100 ) < (600 + 𝑥) 100 ⟹𝑏=2 𝑠(1) ⟹ 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 7. (𝑥−2)(𝑥−4) < 0 vd;w mrkd;ghl;il epiwT nra;Ak; 𝑥-d;
100 100
30𝑥 7200 9000+15𝑥 30𝑥 7200 10800+18𝑥 𝑐=1 midj;J kjpg;GfisAk; fhz;f.
⟹ 100 + 100 > 100 ⟹ 100 + 100 < 1 1
100 ⟹𝑎+2+2=1 2𝑥−3 3
< 0 -d; G+[;[paq;fs; , 2,4 MFk;.
÷ 100 ⟹ 30𝑥 + 7200 > ÷ 100 ⟹ 30𝑥 + 7200 < (𝑥−2)(𝑥−4) 2
⟹𝑎=0
9000 + 15𝑥 10800 + 18𝑥 3 3
,ilntspfs;: (−∞, 2) , (2 , 2) , (2,4), (4, ∞)
⟹ 30𝑥 − 18𝑥 < 10800 − 1 1 2 𝑛 + 𝑛2
⟹ 30𝑥 − 15𝑥 > 9000 − 2
𝑆(𝑛) = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑛 + 𝑐𝑛 ⟹ 𝑆(𝑛) = 0 + 𝑛 + 𝑛 =
2 2 2 𝑥 2𝑥 − 3 (𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 − 4) 2𝑥 − 3
7200 7200
𝑛(𝑛 + 1) (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 4)
⟹ 15𝑥 > 1800 ⟹ 12𝑥 < 3600 = ,𝑛 ∈ 𝑁
÷ 15 ⟹ 𝑥 > 120 ÷ 12 ⟹ 𝑥 < 300 2 3 0 − − 0
𝑥+1 𝑥=
⟹ 𝑥 ∈ (120,300) 5.jPh;f;f: 𝑥+3 < 3 2
15 tpOf;fhl;bw;Fk; 18 tpOf;fhl;bw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l 𝑥+1 3 − − − −
<3 (−∞, )
mlh;j;jp nfhz;l mkpyj;jpd; msT = 120ypl;lh;< 𝑥 < 𝑥+3 2
𝑥+1 𝑥+1−3(𝑥+3) 𝑥+1−3𝑥−9
300ypl;lh;. ⟹ 𝑥+3 − 3 < 0 ⟹ <0 ⟹ <0 3 + − − +
𝑥+3 𝑥+3 ( , 2)
3.f(x) = x 3 − 3px + 2q MdJ g(x) = x 2 + 2ax + 𝑎2 My; ⟹
−2𝑥−8
<0 2
tFgLk; vdpy; 𝑎𝑝 + 𝑞 = 0 vd epWTf. 𝑥+3 (2,4) + + − −
𝑥+4
𝑓(𝑥) ÷ 𝑔(𝑥) ⟹ 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑔(𝑥), 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅 ÷ (−2) ⟹ 𝑥+3 > 0 (4, ∞) + + + +
𝑥+4 3
∴ x 3 − 3px + 2q = (x + b)(x 2 + 2ax + 𝑎2 ) > 0 –d; G+[;[paq;fs; −4, −3 MFk;. ∴ jPh;Tf;fzk; = (−∞, 2) ∪ (2,4)
𝑥+3
⟹ x 3 − 3px + 2q = 𝑥 3 + (2𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 2 + (𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏)𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑏 ,ilntspfs;: (−∞, −4), (−4, −3), (−3, ∞) 𝒙𝟐 −𝟒
,UGwKk; 𝑥 2 , 𝑥-d; nfOf;fs; kw;Wk; khwpyp cWg;Gfis 8.jPh;T fhz;f: ≤𝟎
𝑥 𝑥+4 𝑥+3 𝑥+4 𝒙𝟐 −𝟐𝒙−𝟏𝟓
xg;gpl, 𝑥 2 −4 (𝑥+2)(𝑥−2)
𝑥+3 ≤0⟹ ≤0
𝑥 2 −2𝑥−15 (𝑥−5)(𝑥+3)
⟹ 2a + b = 0 ⟹ 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 = ⟹ 2𝑞 = 𝑎2 𝑏 𝑥 = −4 0 − 0 (𝑥+2)(𝑥−2)
⟹ b = −2a −3𝑝 ⟹ 2𝑞 = 𝑎2 (−2𝑎) ≤ 0 –d; G+[;[paq;fs; −3, −2,2,5 MFk;.
(−∞, −4) − − + (𝑥−5)(𝑥+3)
⟹ 𝑎2 + ⟹ 2𝑞 = −2𝑎3 (−4, −3) + − − ,ilntspfs;: (−∞, −3), (−3, −2), (−2,2), (2,5), (5, ∞)
2𝑎(−2𝑎) = −3𝑝 ÷ 2 ⟹ 𝑞 = −𝑎3 (−3, ∞) + + + 𝑥 (𝑥 (𝑥 (𝑥 (𝑥 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
2 2
⟹ 𝑎 − 4𝑎 = ⟹ 𝑞 = −𝑎(𝑎2 ) ∴ jPh;Tf;fzk; = (−∞, −4) ∪ (−3, ∞) + 2) − 2) − 5) + 3) (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 3)
−3𝑝 ⟹ 𝑞 = −𝑎(𝑝) 𝑥 3 (𝑥−1) 𝑥=2 + 0 − + 0
⟹ −3𝑎2 = −3𝑝 ⟹ 𝑎𝑝 + 𝑞 = 0 6. > 0 vdpy; 𝑥-d; midj;J kjpg;GfisAk; fhz;f.
(𝑥−2) 𝑥 = −2 0 − − + 0
2
÷ (−3) ⟹ 𝑝 = 𝑎 𝑥 3 (𝑥−1)
> 0-d; G+[;[paq;fs; 0,1,2 MFk;. (−∞, −3) − − − − +
4.mWjpapy;yhf; nfOf;fs; topKiwiag; gad;gLj;jp 1 + (𝑥−2)
,ilntspfs;: (−∞, 0), (0,1), (1,2), (2, ∞) (−3, −2) − − − + −
2 + 3 + ⋯ (𝑛 − 1) + 𝑛, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁-d; $Ljy; fhz;f. (−2,2) + − − + +
𝑆(𝑛) = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑛 + 𝑐𝑛2 ; 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝑅 vd;f. 𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥−1 𝑥−2 𝑥 3 (𝑥 − 1)
(2,5) + + − + −
𝑆(𝑛) = 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + (𝑛 − 1) + 𝑛 → (1) (𝑥 − 2)
(5, ∞) + + + + +
𝑆(𝑛 + 1) = 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + (𝑛 − 1) + 𝑛 + (𝑛 + 1) → (2) 𝑥=0 0 − − 0
∴ jPh;Tf;fzk; = (−3, −2] ∪ [2,5)
(2) − (1) ⟹ 𝑆(𝑛 + 1) − 𝑆(𝑛) = 𝑛 + 1 𝑥=1 + 0 − 0 𝒙+𝟏
⟹ 𝑎 + 𝑏(𝑛 + 1) + 𝑐(𝑛 + 1)2 − [𝑎 + 𝑏𝑛 + 𝑐𝑛2 ] = 𝑛 + 1 (−∞, 0) − − − − 9.gFjp gpd;dq;fshfg; gphpf;fTk; 𝒙𝟐 (𝒙−𝟏)
⟹ 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑛 + 𝑏 + 𝑐𝑛2 + 2𝑐𝑛 + 𝑐 − 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑛 − 𝑐𝑛2 = 𝑛 + 1 (0,1) + − − + 𝑥+1
=
𝐴 𝐵
+ +
𝐶
→ (1)
𝑥 2 (𝑥−1) 𝑥−1 𝑥 𝑥2
⟹ 2𝑐𝑛 + (𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑛 + 1 (1,2) + + − − 2
𝑥+1 𝐴𝑥 +𝐵𝑥(𝑥−1)+𝐶(𝑥−1)
,UGwKk; 𝑛-d; nfO kw;Wk; khwpyp cWg;Gfis xg;gpl, (2, ∞) + + + + ⟹ 𝑥 2 (𝑥−1) = 𝑥 2 (𝑥−1)
⟹ 2𝑐 = 1 ⟹ ⟹𝑏+𝑐 =1 𝑆(𝑛) = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑛 + ∴ jPh;Tf;fzk; = (0,1) ∪ (2, ∞) 2
⟹ 𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥(𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶(𝑥 − 1)
1 1
𝑐= ⟹𝑏+ =1 𝑐𝑛2 𝑥 = 1 vdpy; 1 + 1 = 𝐴(1)2 + 𝐵(1)(0) + 𝐶(0) ⟹ 𝐴 = 2
2 2

𝑥 = 0 vdpy; 0 + 1 = 𝐴(0)2 + 𝐵(0)(0 − 1) + 𝐶(0 − 1) 0 = 𝐴(2)(1) + 𝐵(−1)(1) + [𝐶(0) + 𝐷)(−1)(2) 𝑥 2 +𝑥+1 7 13
(1) ⟹ = 1 − 𝑥−2 + 𝑥−3
⟹ 1 = −𝐶 ⟹ 𝐶 = −1 2 2 3 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6
⟹ 2𝐴 − 𝐵 − 2𝐷 = 0 ⟹ 6 − 15 − 2𝐷 = 0 ⟹ 15 = 2𝐷 𝒙𝟑 +𝟐𝒙+𝟏
𝑥 = −1 vdpy; 3 1 14.gFjp gpd;dq;fshfg; gphpf;fTk; 𝒙𝟐 +𝟓𝒙+𝟔
−1 + 1 = 𝐴(−1)2 + 𝐵(−1)(−1 − 1) + 𝐶(−1 − 1) ⟹𝐷= ⟹𝐷=
30 10 ∵ njhFjpapd; gb > gFjpapd; gb
⟹ 0 = 𝐴 + 2𝐵 − 2𝑐 ⟹ 2 + 2𝐵 − 2(−1) = 0 𝑥 = −1 vdpy; 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6)𝑥 3 + 0𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 ( 𝑥 − 5
⟹ 2𝐵 + 4 = 0 ⟹ 𝐵 = −2 −1 = 𝐴(1)(2) + 𝐵(−2)(2) + [𝐶(−1) + 𝐷](−2)(1) 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥
𝑥+1
(1) ⟹ 2 (𝑥−1) =
2 2 1
− 𝑥 − 𝑥2 ⟹ 2𝐴 − 2𝐵 + 2𝐶 − 2𝐷 = −1 −5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1
𝑥 𝑥−1 1 2 1 3
𝟐𝒙 ⟹ 2 (6) − 4 (15) + 2𝐶 − 2 (10) = −1 ⟹ 2𝐶 = − 5 −5𝑥 2 − 25𝑥 − 30
10.gFjp gpd;dq;fshfg; gphpf;fTk; (𝒙𝟐 +𝟏)(𝒙−𝟏)
⟹ 𝐶 = − 10
3 21𝑥 + 31
2𝑥 𝐴 𝐵𝑥+𝐶 𝑥 3 +2𝑥+1 21𝑥+31
= 𝑥−1 + 𝑥 2 +1 → (1) 3 1 = (𝑥 − 5) + 𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6 → (1)
(𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥−1) 𝑥 1 2 − 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6
10 10
2𝑥 𝐴(𝑥 2 +1)+(𝐵𝑥+𝐶)(𝑥−1) ∴ (1) ⟹ (𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥−1)(𝑥+2) = 6(𝑥−1) + 15(𝑥+2) + 21𝑥+31 21𝑥+31 𝐴 𝐵
⟹ (𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥−1) = 𝑥 2 +1 = (𝑥+2)(𝑥+3) = + → (2)
(𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥−1) 𝑥 1 2 −3𝑥+1 𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6 𝑥+2 𝑥+3
= 6(𝑥−1) + 15(𝑥+2) + 10(𝑥 2 +1) 21𝑥+31 𝐴(𝑥+3)+𝐵(𝑥+2)
⟹ 2𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 2 + 1) + (𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶)(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥−1)(𝑥+2) =
𝑥 𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6 (𝑥+2)(𝑥+3)
𝑥 = 1 vdpy; 2(1) = 𝐴(12 + 1) + [𝐵(1) + 𝑐](1 − 1) 12.gFjp gpd;dq;fshfg; gphpf;fTk; (𝑥−1)3 21𝑥 + 31 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 3) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 2)
⟹ 2 = 2𝐴 ⟹ 𝐴 = 1 𝑥 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
= 𝑥−1 + (𝑥−1)2 + (𝑥−1)3 → (1) 𝑥 = −3 vdpy; −63 + 31 = 0 + 𝐵(−1) ⟹ 𝐵 = 32
𝑥 = 1 vdpy; 2(0) = 𝐴(0 + 1) + [𝐵(0) + 𝑐](0 − 1) (𝑥−1)3
𝑥 𝐴(𝑥−1)2 +𝐵(𝑥−1)+𝐶 𝑥 = −2 vdpy; −42 + 31 = 𝐴(1) + 0 ⟹ 𝐴 = −11
⟹ 0=𝐴−𝐶 ⟹0= 1−𝐶 ⟹ 𝐶 =1 = 21𝑥+31 11 32
𝑥 = −1 vdpy; (𝑥−1)3 (𝑥−1)3 (2) ⟹ 2 = − +
2 𝑥 +5𝑥+6 𝑥+2 𝑥+3
2(−1) = 𝐴[(−1)2 + 1] + [𝐵(−1) + 𝑐](−1 − 1) 𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 − 1) + 𝐵(𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶 𝑥 3 +2𝑥+1 11 32
(1) ⟹ = (𝑥 − 5) + − 𝑥+2 + 𝑥+3
⟹ −2 = 2𝐴 + [−𝐵 + 𝐶](−2) ⟹ −2 = 2𝐴 + 2𝐵 − 2𝐶 𝑥 = 1 vdpy; 1 = 𝐶 𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6
𝑥 = 0 vdpy; 0 = 𝐴 − 𝐵 + 𝐶 ⟹ 𝐴 − 𝐵 = −1 → (2) 6𝑥 2 −𝑥+1
⟹ −2 = 2(1) + 2𝐵 − 2(1) ⟹ −2 = 2 + 2𝐵 − 2 15.gFjp gpd;dq;fshfg; gphpf;fTk; 𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 +𝑥+1
⟹ 2𝐵 = −2 ⟹ 𝐵 = −1 𝑥 = −1 vdpy; −1 = 4𝐴 − 2𝐵 + 𝐶 ⟹ 2𝐴 − 𝐵 = −1 → (3)
𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 1) + 1(𝑥 + 1) = (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 + 1)
2𝑥 1 (−1)𝑥+1 rkd; (2), (3) -Ij; jPh;f;f fpilg;gJ, 𝐴 = 0 kw;Wk; 𝐵 = 1 6𝑥 2 −𝑥+1 6𝑥 2 −𝑥+1 𝐴 𝐵𝑥+𝐶
(1) ⟹ (𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥−1) = 𝑥−1 + 𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 1 1 = (𝑥+1)(𝑥 2 +1) = 𝑥+1 + 𝑥 2 +1 → (1)
2𝑥 1 1−𝑥
∴ (1) ⟹ (𝑥−1)3 = (𝑥−1)2 + (𝑥−1)3 𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 +𝑥+1
⟹ (𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥−1) = 𝑥−1 + 𝑥 2 +1 6𝑥 2 −𝑥+1 𝐴(𝑥 2 +1)+[𝐵𝑥+𝐶](𝑥+1)
𝒙𝟐 +𝒙+𝟏 =
𝑥 13.gFjp gpd;dq;fshfg; gphpf;fTk; 𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 +𝑥+1 (𝑥+1)(𝑥 2 +1)
11.gFjp gpd;dq;fshfg; gphpf;fTk; 𝒙𝟐 −𝟓𝒙+𝟔 2 2
(𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥−1)(𝑥+2) (njhFjpapd; gb=gFjpapd; gb) 6𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 1) + [𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶](𝑥 + 1)
𝑥 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶𝑥+𝐷 𝑥 = −1 vdpy; 6 + 1 + 1 = 𝐴(2) + 0 ⟹ 2𝐴 = 8 ⟹ 𝐴 = 4
(𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥−1)(𝑥+2)
= 𝑥−1 + 𝑥+2 + 𝑥 2 +1
→ (1) 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 ( 1
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 𝑥 = 0 vdpy; 1 = 𝐴 + 𝐶 ⟹ 4 + 𝐶 = 1 ⟹ 𝐶 = −3
𝑥 𝐴(𝑥+2)(𝑥 2 +1)+𝐵(𝑥−1)(𝑥 2 +1)+(𝐶𝑥+𝐷)(𝑥−1)(𝑥+2)
= 6𝑥 − 5 ,UGwKk; 𝑥 2 −d; nfOf;fis rkd;gLj;j, 6 = 𝐴 + 𝐵 ⟹
(𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥−1)(𝑥+2) (𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥−1)(𝑥+2)
2
𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) + (𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷)(𝑥 − 2 𝑥 2 +𝑥+1 6𝑥−5 6= 4+𝐵 ⟹ 𝐵 = 2
= 1+ → (1) 6𝑥 2 −𝑥+1 4 2𝑥−3
𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6 (1) ⟹ 𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 +𝑥+1 = 𝑥+1 + 𝑥 2 +1
1)(𝑥 + 2) 6𝑥−5 6𝑥−5 𝐴 𝐵
𝑥 = 1 vdpy; 1 = 𝐴(3)(2) + 𝐵(0)(2) + (𝑐𝑥 + 𝐷)(0)(3) = = + 𝑥−3 → (2)
𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6 (𝑥−2)(𝑥−3) 𝑥−2 16. 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 3,2𝑥 − 𝑦 ≤ 5 kw;Wk; −𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 3 Mfpa
1 6𝑥−5 𝐴(𝑥−3)+𝐵(𝑥−2)
mrkd;ghLfspd; njhFg;gpw;F tiuglg; gFjpahfj; jPh;T
⟹ 6𝐴 = 1 ⟹ 𝐴 = =
𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6 (𝑥−2)(𝑥−3) fhz;f.
6
𝑥 = −2 vdpy; 6𝑥 − 5 = 𝐴(𝑥 − 3) + 𝐵(𝑥 − 2) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3,2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5 kw;Wk; −𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3 Mfpa %d;W
−2 = 𝐴(0)(5) + 𝐵(−3)(5) + [𝐶(−2) + 𝐷](−3)(0) 𝑥 = 3 vdpy; 18 − 5 = 0 + 𝐵(1) ⟹ 𝐵 = 13 NfhLfisAk; tiuf.
⟹ −2 = −15𝐵 ⟹ 𝐵 = 15
2 𝑥 = 2 vdpy; 12 − 5 = 𝐴(−1) + 0 ⟹ 𝐴 = −7 𝑥+𝑦 =3 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5 −𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
6𝑥−5 7 13
(2) ⟹ 2 = − 𝑥−2 + 𝑥−3 𝑥 0 1 𝑥 0 1 𝑥 1 3
𝑥 = 0 vdpy; 𝑥 −5𝑥+6
𝑦 3 2 𝑦 −5 −3 𝑦 2 3
(0,0) -it 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 3-,y; gpujpapl 0 ≥ 3 vdf; (0,0) -it 𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≤ 4-,y; gpujpapl 0 ≤ 4 vdf; fpilf;fpwJ.,J cz;ik.
fpilf;fpwJ.,J cz;ikay;y. fpilf;fpwJ. ,J cz;ik. vdNt (0,0) mlq;;Fk; vdNt (0,0) mlq;Fk; gFjpia epoypLf, ,JNt 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤
vdNt (0,0) mlq;fhj gFjpia epoypLf, ,JNt 𝑥 + gFjpia epoypLf, ,JNt 𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≤ 4-d; jPh;Tg;gFjpahFk;. 6 -d; jPh;Tg;gFjpahFk;.
2𝑦 > 3-d; jPh;Tg;gFjpahFk;. 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 vd;gd Kjy;fhy; gFjp KOtijAk; ,g;nghOJ %d;W gFjpfSf;Fk; nghJthd gFjpNa
(0,0) -it 2𝑥 − 𝑦 ≤ 5 -,y; gpujpapl 0 ≤ 5 vdf; Fwpf;Fk;. nfhLf;fg;gl;l xUgb mrkd;ghLfspd; njhFg;gpw;F
fpilf;fpwJ.,J cz;ik. ,g;nghOJ ehd;F gFjpfSf;Fk; nghJthd gFjpNa jPh;Tf;fzkhFk;.
vdNt (0,0) mlq;Fk; gFjpia epoypLf, ,JNt 2𝑥 − nfhLf;fg;gl;l xUgb mrkd;ghLfspd; njhFg;gpw;F
𝑦 ≤ 5-d; jPh;Tg;gFjpahFk;. jPh;Tf;fzkhFk;.
(0,0) -it −𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 3 -,y; gpujpapl 0 ≤ 3 vdf;
fpilf;fpwJ.,J cz;ik.
vdNt (0,0) mlq;Fk; gFjpia epoypLf, ,JNt −𝑥 +
2𝑦 ≤ 3-d; jPh;Tg;gFjpahFk;.
,g;nghOJ %d;W gFjpfSf;Fk; nghJthd gFjpNa
nfhLf;fg;gl;l xUgb mrkd;ghLfspd; njhFg;gpw;F
jPh;Tf;fzkhFk;.
19. 𝟕 − 𝟒√𝟑 –d; th;f;f%yk; fhz;f.

18. 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 ≥ 𝟖, 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 ≥ 𝟖, 𝒙 + 𝒚 ≤ 𝟔 Mfpa √7 − 4√3 = √4 + 3 − 4√3
mrkd;ghLfs; Fwpf;Fk; gFjpiaf; fhz;f. 2
𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟖, 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟖, 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟔 Mfpa Neh;f;NfhLfis = √22 + √3 − 2(2)√3
tiuf. 2
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8 = √(2 − √3)
𝑥 0 4
= 2 − √3 [ ∵ √7 − 4√3 > 0]
𝑦 8 0 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
17. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 6, 𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≤ 4, 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 Mfpa 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8 20.RUf;Ff: 𝟑−√𝟖 − + − +
√𝟖−√𝟕 √𝟕−√𝟔 √𝟔−√𝟓 √𝟓−𝟐
mrkd;ghLfs; Fwpf;Fk; gFjpiaf; fhz;f.
𝑥 0 8 1 1
= 3−√8 × 3+√8 =
3+√8 3+√8
= 3 + √8
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6, 𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 4 Mfpa ,uz;L 3−√8 9−8
Neh;f;NfhLfisAk; tiuf. 𝑦 4 0
1 1 √8+√7 √8+√7
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6 = × = 8−7 = √8 + √7
√8−√7 √8−√7 √8+√7
𝑥+𝑦 =6 1 1 √7+√6 √7+√6
= × = 7−6 = √7 + √6
𝑥 0 3 𝑥 0 6 √7−√6 √7−√6 √7+√6
1 1 √6+√5 √6+√5
𝑦 2 0 𝑦 6 0 = × = 6−5 = √6 + √5
√6−√5 √6−√5 √6+√5
𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 4 (0,0) -it 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 8-,y; gpujpapl 0 ≥ 8 vdf; 1 1 √5+2 √5+2
𝑥 0 4 fpilf;fpwJ.,J cz;ikay;y. vdNt (0,0) mlq;fhj = × = 5−4 = √5 + 2
√5−2 √5−2 √5+2
gFjpia epoypLf, ,JNt 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 8-d; jPh;Tg;gFjpahFk;. 1 1 1 1 1
𝑦 1 0 − + − +
3−√8 √8−√7 √7−√6 √6−√5 √5−2
(0,0) -it 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 6-,y; gpujpapl 0 ≤ 6 vdf; (0,0) -it 𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 8 -,y; gpujpapl 0 ≥ 8 vdf;
fpilf;fpwJ.,J cz;ikay;y. = 3 + √8 − (√8 + √7) + √7 + √6 − (√6 + √5) + √5 + 2
fpilf;fpwJ. ,J cz;ik. vdNt (0,0) mlq;;Fk;
gFjpia epoypLf, ,JNt 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 6-d; vdNt (0,0) mlq;fhj gFjpia epoypLf, ,JNt 𝑥 + = 3 + √8 − √8 − √7 + √7 + √6 − √6 − √5 + √5 + 2 = 5
2𝑦 ≥ 8-d; jPh;Tg;gFjpahFk;. 𝑥 2 +1
jPh;Tg;gFjpahFk;. 21. 𝑥 = √2 + √3 vdpy;, 𝑥 2 −2 −d; kjpg;igf; fhz;f.
(0,0) -it 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 6 -,y; gpujpapl 0 ≤ 6 vdf;
2
𝑥 2 = (√2 + √3)2 = 2 + 3 + 2√6 = 5 + 2√6 ⟹ 𝑥 = 64 (1) ⟹ log 𝑥 2 = 𝑎 ⟹ log 𝑥 2 = ⟹ 𝑥 2⁄3 = 2
𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟓 𝟖𝟏 3
𝑥 2 +1 5+2√6+1 6+2√6 3−2√6 25. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 + 𝟏𝟔 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟓 + 𝟏𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐𝟒 + 𝟕 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟖𝟎 = 𝟏 vd 3
= = × ⟹ 𝑥 = 23⁄2 = √2 = 2√2
𝑥 2 −2 5+2√6−2 3+2√6 3−2√6
18−12√6+6√6−24 −6−6√6 −3(2+2√6) epWTf. 4.Nrh;gg
; pay; kw;Wk; fzpjj; njhFj;jwpjy;
= = = 16 25 81
log 2 + 16 log 15 + 12 log 24 + 7 log 80
9−24 −15 −15 1. 𝐴 vd;w ,lj;jpypUe;J 𝐵 vd;w ,lj;jpw;F nry;y
2+2√6
= = log 2 + 16 log 16 − 16 log 15 + 12 log 25 − 12 log 24 + 𝐵1 , 𝐵2 vd;w ,uz;L NgUe;J topj;jlq;fSk;, 𝑇1 , 𝑇2 vd;w
5
𝟕𝟓 𝟓 𝟑𝟐 7 log 81 − 7 log 80 ,uz;L ,uapy; topj;jlq;fSk;, NkYk; 𝐴1 vd;w thd;
22. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟔 − 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟗 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐𝟒𝟑 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 vd epWTf.
= log 2 + 16 log 24 − 16 log(3 × 5) + 12 log 52 − topj;jlKk; cs;sJ. 𝐵 vd;w ,lj;jpypUe;J 𝐶 vd;w
75 5 32
log 16 − 2 log 9 + log 243 12 log(23 × 3) + 7 log 34 − 7 log(24 × 5) ,lj;jpw;F nry;y 𝐵′1 vd;w xU NgUe;J topj;jlKk;,
= log 75 − log 16 − 2[log 5 − log 9] + log 32 − log 243 = log 2 + (16 × 4) log 2 − 16 log 3 − 16 log 5 + 𝑇′1 , 𝑇′2 vd;w ,uz;L ,uapy; topj;jlq;fSk;, NkYk; 𝐴′1
= log(3 × 25) − log 16 − 2 log 5 + 2 log 9 + log(2 × 16) − (12 × 2) log 5 − (12 × 3) log 2 − 12 log 3 + (7 × 4) log 3 − vd;w thd; topj;jlKk; cs;sJ. 𝐴 vd;w ,lj;jpypUe;J 𝐶
log(81 × 3) (7 × 4) log 2 − 7 log 5 vd;w ,lj;jpw;F 𝐵 vd;w ,lk; topNa xNu topj;jlj;ij
= log 3 + log 25 − log 16 − log 52 + log 92 + log 2 + = log 2 + 64 log 2 − 16 log 3 − 16 log 5 + 24 log 5 − kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;jhky; vj;jid topfspy; nry;yyhk;?
log 16 − log 81 − log 3 36 log 2 − 12 log 3 + 28 log 3 − 28 log 2 − 7 log 5 𝐴→𝐵 𝐵→𝐶
= log 3 + log 25 − log 16 − log 25 + log 81 + log 2 + = 65 log 2 − 64 log 2 + 28 log 3 − 28 log 3 + 24 log 5 − 𝐵1 , 𝐵2 𝐵′1
log 16 − log 81 − log 3 23 log 5 𝑇1 , 𝑇2 𝑇′1 , 𝑇′2
= log 2 = log 2 + log 5 = log 10 = 1 𝐴1 𝐴′1
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒚 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒛
𝟕
23. 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝒙 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 𝒙 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟔 𝒙 = 𝟐 vdpy;, 𝒙 −d; kjpg;igf; 26. 𝒚−𝒛 = 𝒛−𝒙 = 𝒙−𝒚 vdpy;, 𝒙𝒚𝒛 = 𝟏 vdf; fhz;f. ∴nkhj;j topfspd; vz;zpf;if= (2 × 2) + (2 × 1) +
fhz;f. log 𝑥 log 𝑦 log 𝑧 (2 × 1) + (2 × 1) + (1 × 1) + (1 × 2)
7
= = = 𝑘 vd;f. = 4 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 2 = 13
𝑦−𝑧 𝑧−𝑥 𝑥−𝑦
log 2 𝑥 + log 4 𝑥 + log16 𝑥 = 2 log 𝑥 log 𝑦 log 𝑧
⟹ =𝑘; = 𝑘 ; 𝑥−𝑦 = 𝑘 2. 1 −f;Fk; 1000 −f;F ,ilNa cs;s (,uz;ilAk;
1 1 1 7 𝑦−𝑧 𝑧−𝑥
⟹ log + log + log = 2 (mbkhd khw;W tpjp) cs;slf;fpa) vz;fspy; 2MYk; 5MYk; tFglhj
𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥 16 ⟹ log 𝑥 = 𝑘(𝑦 − 𝑧) ⟹ log 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑦 − 𝑘𝑧
1 1 1 7 vz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia fhz;f.
⟹ log + log 2 + log 4 =2 ⟹ log 𝑦 = 𝑘(𝑧 − 𝑥) ⟹ log 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑧 − 𝑘𝑥 1 −f;Fk; 1000 −f;F ,ilNa cs;s nkhj;j vz;fs; =
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2
1 1 1 7 ⟹ log 𝑧 = 𝑘(𝑥 − 𝑦) ⟹ log 𝑧 = 𝑘𝑥 − 𝑘𝑦 1000
⟹ log + 2log + 4log = 2 (mLf;F tpjp)
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2 ,UGwKk; midj;ijAk; $l;Lf, 2My; tFgLk; vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if 𝑛(𝐴) = 500
1 1 1 7
log 𝑥 2 = 𝑎 → (1) vd;f. ⟹ 𝑎 + 2𝑎 + 4𝑎 = 2 log 𝑥 + log 𝑦 + log 𝑧 = 𝑘𝑦 − 𝑘𝑧 + 𝑘𝑧 − 𝑘𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 − 𝑘𝑦 ⟹ 5My; tFgLk; vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if 𝑛(𝐴) = 200
⟹
4+2+1 7
= ⟹ = ⟹ 4𝑎 = 2 ⟹ 𝑎 = 2
7 7 log 𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 0 2kw;Wk; 5My; tFgLk; vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if
4𝑎 2 4𝑎 2 ⟹ log 𝑥𝑦𝑧 = log 1 ⟹ 𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 1 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 100 [∵ 1000 ÷ 10(2 × 5)]
(1) ⟹ log 𝑥 2 = 𝑎 ⟹ log 𝑥 2 = 2 ⟹ 𝑥 = 22 ⟹ 𝑥 = 4 27. log 2 𝑥 − 3 log 1⁄ 𝑥 = 6 −d; jPh;T fhz;f. 2 (m) 5My; tFgLk; vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if
24. log 8 𝑥 + log 4 𝑥 + log 2 𝑥 = 11 vdpy;, 𝑥 −d; jPh;Tf; 2
fhz;f. log 2 𝑥 − 3 log 1⁄ 𝑥 = 6 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
2
1 1 1 1 3 ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 500 + 200 − 100 = 600
log 8 𝑥 + log 4 𝑥 + log 2 𝑥 = 11 ⟹ log 8 + log 4 + log 2 = 11 ⟹ log − 1 =6 (mbkhd khw;W tpjp) 2MYk; 5MYk; tFglhj vz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia=
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥2 log𝑥
1 1 1 2
⟹ log 3
+ log 2
+ log = 11 ⟹ log
1
−
3
=6 1000 − 600 = 400
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2 1
1 1 1 𝑥2 log𝑥 3. 𝐿𝑂𝑇𝑈𝑆 vDk; thh;j;ijapy; cs;s vOj;Jfisg;
2
⟹ 3 log + 2 log + log = 11 1 3 gad;gLj;jp
𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2 ⟹ log 2
− log = 6 (tFj;jy; tpjp)
1 1 1 𝑥 𝑥 1−log𝑥 2 (𝑖)𝐿 ,y; Muk;gpj;J my;yJ 𝑆 ,y; Kbf;Fk; tifapy;
log 𝑥 2 = 𝑎 → (1) vd;f.⟹ 3𝑎 + 2𝑎 + 𝑎 = 11 1 3 1 3
⟹ log − 0−log = 6 ⟹ log + log =6 vj;jid vOj;Jr; ruq;fs; cs;sd.
2+3+6 11 1 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2
⟹ = 11 ⟹ 6𝑎 = 11 ⟹ 6𝑎 = 1 ⟹ 𝑎 = 6 (𝑖𝑖)𝐿 ,y; Jtq;fNth kw;Wk; 𝑆 ,y; Kbf;fNth $lhj
6𝑎 log 𝑥 2 = 𝑎 → (1) vd;f.
1 vOj;Jr; ruq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia fhz;f.
(1) ⟹ log 𝑥 2 = 𝑎 ⟹ log 𝑥 2 = ⟹ 𝑥 1⁄6 = 2 ⟹ 𝑥 = 26 1 3 4
⟹𝑎+𝑎 =6⟹𝑎 =6⟹𝑎 =6⟹𝑎 =3
4 2
6 (𝑖)𝐿 ,y; Muk;gpf;Fk; vOj;J ruq;fs;:
,lk; 1(𝐿) 2 3 4 5 ,yf;fq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp fpilf;Fk; 4 My; tFgLk; 7.xU tz;bapy; 8 ,Uf;iffs; cs;sd. Kd;thpirapy; 2
topfspd; vz;zpf;if 1 4 3 2 1 vz;zfs; = 12,24,32,52 ( 4 topfs; ) ,Uf;iffSk; mjw;F gpd;Gwk; ,uz;L thpirfspy;
( ) ( ) (12/24/32/52)
⏟ ⏟ xt;nthd;wpYk; 3 ,Uf;iffs; cs;sd. Me;j
topfspd; vz;zpf;if𝑛(𝐴) = 1.4.3.2.1 = 24 tz;bahdJ VO egh;fs; 𝑭, 𝑴, 𝑺𝟏 , 𝑺𝟐 , 𝑺𝟑 , 𝑫𝟏 , 𝑫𝟐 cs;s
3𝑃2 4𝑃1
𝑆 ,y; KbAk; vOj;J ruq;fs;: xU FLk;gj;jpw;F nrhe;jkhdJ.gpd;tUk; epge;jidfSf;F
4 My; tFgLk; vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if = 3𝑃2 × 4𝑃1
cl;gl;L mf;FLk;gj;ij me;j tz;bapy; vj;jid
,lk; 1 2 3 4 5(𝑆) = (3.2)(4) = 6.4 = 24 topfspy; mku itf;fyhk;?
topfspd; vz;zpf;if 5. "𝐄𝐐𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍" vd;w thh;j;ijapy; cs;s vOj;Jfisg; (𝒊) ve;j fl;Lg;ghLk; ,y;yhky;
4 3 2 1 1 gad;gLj;jp (𝒊𝒊) 𝑭 my;yJ 𝑴 tz;bia Xl;l Ntz;Lk;
topfspd; vz;zpf;if𝑛(𝐵) = 4.3.2.1.1 = 24 (𝒊)capnuOj;Jfs; xd;whf tUk; tifapy; vj;jid (𝒊𝒊𝒊)𝑭 tz;bia Xl;Lk;NghJ 𝑫𝟏 , 𝑫𝟐 rd;dNyhu
𝐿 ,y; Muk;gpj;J my;yJ 𝑆 ,y; KbAk; vOj;J ruq;fs;: vOj;Jr; ruq;fis cUthf;fyhk;? ,Uf;ifapy; mkh;e;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,lk; 1(𝐿) 2 3 4 5(𝑆) (𝒊𝒊)capnuOj;Jfs; xd;whf tuhj tifapy; vj;jid 1 ⌷ 𝐷
topfspd; vz;zpf;if 1 3 2 1 1 vOj;Jr; ruq;fis cUthf;fyhk;?
(𝑖)nkhj;j vOj;Jfs; 8 (E, Q, U, A, T, I, O, N); 2 3 4 ; 𝐷 → 𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑡
topfspd; vz;zpf;if𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 1.3.2.1.1 = 6 5 6 7
capnuOj;Jfs; 5 (E, U, A, I, O) FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 7; ,Uf;iffspd;
Nrh;j;jy;-ePf;fy; nfhs;ifapd;gb,
𝑛 ntt;Ntwhd nghUl;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;l vz;zpf;ifapyhd vz;zpf;if= 8
𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐴) + 𝑛(𝐵) − 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 𝑚 nghUl;fs; vg;nghOJk; xd;whf tUk; tifapy; cs;s (𝑖)ve;j fl;Lg;ghLk; ,y;iy:
𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 24 + 24 − 6 = 42 thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 𝑚! × (𝑛 − 𝑚 + 1)!
(𝑖𝑖),lk; 5, vOj;J 5 7 Nghpy; xUth; Xl;Leh; ,Uf;ifapy; mkUtjw;fhd
,q;F 𝑛 = 8, 𝑚 = 5, topfs;= 7𝑃1 = 7
,lk; 1 2 3 4 5 capnuOj;Jfs; xd;whf tUk; tifapy; cs;s vOj;Jr; kPjKs;s 7 ,Uf;iffspy; 6 Ngh; mkUtjw;fhd topfs;
topfspd; vz;zpf;if 5 4 3 2 1 ruq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 5! × (8 − 5 + 1)! = 5! × 4! = ;= 7𝑃6 = 7.6.5.4.3.2 = 5040
topfspd; vz;zpf;if= 5.4.3.2.1 = 120 (5.4.3.2.1)(4.3.2.1) = 120 × 24 = 2880 nkhj;j topfspd; vz;zpf;if= 7 × 5040 = 35280
𝐿 ,y; Jtq;fNth kw;Wk; 𝑆 ,y; Kbf;fNth $lhj (𝑖𝑖)nkhj;j vOj;Jfs; 8 (E, Q, U, A, T, I, O, N) (𝑖𝑖)𝐹 my;yJ 𝑀 tz;bia Xl;l Ntz;Lk;:
vOj;Jr; ruq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia= 120 − 42 = 78 capnuOj;Jfs; xd;whf tUk; kw;Wk; tuhj tifapy; 𝐹 (m) 𝑀 ,Uhpy; xUth; Xl;Leh; ,Uf;ifapy;
4.ehd;F ntt;Ntwhd ,yf;fq;fisf; nfhz;l 4 −,yf;f cs;s vOj;Jr; ruq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 8𝑃8 = mkUtjw;fhd topfs;= 2𝑃1 = 2
8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 = 40320 kPjKs;s 7 ,Uf;iffspy; 6 Ngh; mkUtjw;fhd topfs;
vz;fis 1,2,3,4 kw;Wk; 5 vd;w ,yf;fq;fisg;
capnuOj;Jfs; xd;whf tuhj tifapy; cs;s vOj;Jr; ;= 7𝑃6 = 7.6.5.4.3.2 = 5040
gad;gLj;jp cUthf;Fk;NghJ, fPo;f;fz;ltw;iw fhz;f. ruq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= nkhj;j topfspd; vz;zpf;if= 2 × 5040 = 10080
(𝑖) ,t;thwhd vj;jid vz;fis cUthf;fyhk;? capnuOj;Jfs; xd;whf tUk; kw;Wk; tuhj tifapy;
(𝑖𝑖) ,tw;wpy; vj;jid vz;fs; ,ul;ilg;gil? (𝑖𝑖𝑖)𝐹 tz;bia Xl;Lk;NghJ 𝐷1 , 𝐷2 rd;dNyhu
cs;s vOj;Jr; ruq;fspd; vz;zpf;if − capnuOj;Jfs; ,Uf;ifapy; mkh;e;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;:
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) ,tw;wpy; vj;jid vz;fs; rhpahf 4 My; tFgLk;? xd;whf tUk; tifapy; cs;s vOj;Jr; ruq;fspd;
(𝑖) vz;fs; 5 (1,2,3,4 kw;Wk; 5) ; ,yf;fq;fs; 4 rd;dNyhu ,Uf;iffspd; vz;zpf;if= 5
vz;zpf;if= 40320 − 2880 = 37440
5 vz;fis nfhz;L cUthf;fg;gLk; 4,yf;f vz;fspd; 𝐷1 , 𝐷2 rd;dNyhu ,Uf;ifapy; mkUtjw;fhd topfs;;=
6.15 khzth;fs; vOJk; xU Njh;tpy;, 7 khzth;fs;
vz;zpf;if= 5𝑃4 = 5.4.3.2 = 120 fzpjj; Njh;itAk; kPjKs;s 8 khzth;fs; ntt;NtW 5𝑃2 = 5.4 = 20
(𝑖𝑖),ul;ilg;gil vz;fs; vdpy; filrp ,yf;fk; 2 (m) 4 ghlq;fSf;fhd Njh;itAk; vOJfpd;wdh;. fzpjj; Njh;T 𝐹 tz;bia Xl;Ltjhy;, kPjKs;s 5 ,Uf;iffspy; 4 Ngh;
Mf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. vOJk; ce;j ,U khzth;fSk; xNu thpirapy; mkUtjw;fhd topfs; ;= 5𝑃4 = 5.4.3.2 = 120
( ) ( ) ( ) (2⏟
⏟ ⁄4) mLj;jLj;J ,y;yhj tifapy; vj;jid topfspy; nkhj;j topfspd; vz;zpf;if= 20 × 120 = 2400
mkuitf;fyhk;? 8.8 ngz;fs; kw;Wk; 6 Mz;fs; xh; thpirapy;
4𝑃3 2𝑃1
GAP METHOD: 𝑚 = 8, 𝑛 = 15; 𝑘 = 𝑛 − 𝑚 = 15 − 8 = 7, epw;fpwhh;fs;.
,ul;ilg;gil vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if = 4𝑃3 × 2𝑃1 =
(4.3.2)(2) = 48 thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 𝑚! × (𝑚 + 1)𝑃𝑘 = 8! × (𝑖)vtUk; ve;j ,lj;jpYk; epw;fyhk; vd;w tifapy;
(𝑖𝑖𝑖)4 My; tFgLk; vz;zhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkdpy; (8 + 1)𝑃7 = 8! × 9𝑃7 vj;jid topfspy; epw;fyhk;?
9! 8!×9! 𝑛! (𝑖𝑖)6 Mz;fSk; mLj;jLj;J tUkhW vj;jid topfspy;
filrp ,uz;L ,yf;fq;fs; = 8! × 2! = 2! [ ∵ 𝑛𝑃𝑟 = (𝑛−𝑟)! ]
4 My; tFgl Ntz;Lk;. 1,2,3,4 kw;Wk; 5 vd;w epw;fyhk;?

(𝑖𝑖𝑖)ve;j ,U Mz;fSk; xd;whf epw;fhky; vj;jid ,uz;L 𝐼, %d;W 𝐸 kw;Wk; ,uz;L 𝑇 cs;sjhy;, filrp 2 ,yf;fq;fs; 12 vdpy; topfspd; vz;zpf;if=
topfspy; epw;fyhk;? 6!×7! 4!
Njitahd thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 2!×3!×2! = = 12 (∵3-d; vz;zpf;if= 2)
(𝑖) 8 ngz;fs; kw;Wk; 6 Mz;fs; = 14 egh;fs; 2!
720×5040 filrp 2 ,yf;fq;fs; 24 vdpy; topfspd; vz;zpf;if=
8 ngz;fs; kw;Wk; 6 Mz;fs; xh; thpirapy; ve;j = 151200
2×6×2 4!
,lj;jpYk; epw;fyhk; vd;gjw;fhd thpir khw;wq;fspd; (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 12 vOj;JfisAk; nfhz;l thpir khw;wq;fspd; = 6 ( ∵1-d; vz;zpf;if= 2; 3-d; vz;zpf;if= 2)
2!×2!
vz;zpf;if= 14𝑃14 = 14! 12! filrp 2 ,yf;fq;fs; 32 vdpy; topfspd; vz;zpf;if=
(𝑖𝑖) STRING METHOD: 𝑚 = 6, 𝑛 = 8 + 6 = 14 vz;zpf;if= 2!×3!×2! 4!
= 19958400 (∵,uz;L 𝐼, %d;W 𝐸 kw;Wk; ,uz;L 𝑇 = 12 ( ∵1-d; vz;zpf;if= 2)
thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 𝑚! × (𝑛 − 𝑚 + 1)! = 2!
6! × (14 − 6 + 1) = 6! × 9! cs;sjhy;) 4My; tFgLk; vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 12 + 6 + 12 = 30
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) GAP METHOD: 𝑚 = 8, 𝑛 = 14, 𝐾 = 𝑛 − 𝑚 = 6 Njitahd thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if=12 11. 𝐆𝐀𝐑𝐃𝐄𝐍 vd;w thh;j;ijapy; cs;s vOj;Jfis
thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 𝑚! × (𝑚 + 1)𝑃𝑘 vOj;JfisAk; nfhz;l thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if thpir khw;wj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jpf; fpilf;Fk; vOj;Jr;
− vy;yh capnuOj;JfSk; xd;whf tUkhW cs;s ruq;fis Mq;fpy mfuhjpapy; cs;sJ Nghd;W
= 8! × 9𝑃6
thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if thpirg;gLj;Jk;NghJ, fPo;f;fhZk; thh;j;ijfspd; juj;ijf;
9.𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐌𝐄𝐃𝐈𝐀𝐓𝐄 vd;w thh;j;ijapy; cs;s fhz;f.
vOj;Jfisg; gad;gLj;jp fPo;f;fhZk; epge;jidfSf;F = 19958400 − 151200 = 19807200
cl;gl;L vj;jid vOj;Jr; ruq;fis cUthf;fyhk;? (𝑖𝑣) GAP METHOD: 𝑚 = 6, 𝑛 = 12, 𝐾 = 𝑛 − 𝑚 = 6 (i)𝐺𝐴𝑅𝐷𝐸𝑁 (𝑖𝑖)𝐷𝐴𝑁𝐺𝐸𝑅
(𝒊) caph; vOj;Jfs; kw;Wk; nka; vOj;Jfs; mLj;jLj;J thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 𝑚! × (𝑚 + 1)𝑃𝑘 = 6! × (i)
tUkhW 7𝑃6 4 1 6 2 3 5
(𝒊𝒊) vy;yh capnuOj;JfSk; xd;whf tUkhW ,uz;L 𝐼, %d;W 𝐸 kw;Wk; ,uz;L 𝑇 cs;sjhy;, G A R D E N
(𝒊𝒊𝒊) capnuOj;Jfs; xd;whf tuhj tifapy; 6!×7𝑃6 5! 4! 3! 2! 1! 0!
Njitahd thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 2!×3!×2! =
(𝒊𝒗) ve;j ,U capnuOj;JfSk; xd;whf tuhj tifapy; 720×5040
3 0 3 0 0 0
nkhj;j vOj;Jfspd; vz;zpf;if= 12 = 151200 GARDEN vd;w thh;j;ijapd; juk;= (3 × 5!) + (3 × 3!) + 1
2×6×2
capnuOj;Jfspd; vz;zpf;if= 6 (𝐼, 𝐸, 𝐸, 𝐼, 𝐴, 𝐸); ,uz;L 10.𝟏, 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟑 kw;Wk; 4 vd;w ,yf;fq;fs; jdpj;jdpahf = (3 × 120) + (3 × 6) + 1 = 360 + 18 + 1 = 379
𝐼, %d;W 𝐸 cs;sJ. ml;ilapy; vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. xU 𝟔 −,yf;f vz;iz (𝑖𝑖)
nka; vOj;Jfspd; vz;zpf;if= 6 (𝑁, 𝑇, 𝑅, 𝑀, 𝐷, 𝑇); mikf;f ,e;j MW ml;ilfisAk; thpirg;gLj;Jk;NghJ 2 1 5 4 3 6
,uz;L 𝑇 cs;sJ. (𝒊) vj;jid ntt;Ntwhd 𝟔 −,yf;f vz;fis D A N G E R
(𝑖)xU capnuOj;J kw;Wk; xU nka; vOj;J mLj;jLj;J cUthf;fyhk;? 5! 4! 3! 2! 1! 0!
tUkhW: (𝒊𝒊) ,tw;wpy; vj;jid 𝟔 −,yf;f vz;fs; ,ul;ilg;gil? 1 0 2 1 0 0
capnuOj;Jfspd; thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= (𝒊𝒊𝒊) ,tw;wpy; vj;jid 𝟔 −,yf;f vz;fs; 𝟒My; 𝐷𝐴𝑁𝐺𝐸𝑅 vd;w thh;j;ijapd; juk;
6! 6.5.4.3.2.1 tFgLk;?
= = 60 = (1 × 5!) + (2 × 3!) + (1 × 2!) + 1
2!×3! (2.1)(3.2.1) 1-d; vz;zpf;if= 2; 3-d; vz;zpf;if= 2
6! = 120 + 12 + 2 + 1 = 135
nka; vOj;Jfspd; thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 2! = (𝑖)1,1,2,3,3 kw;Wk; 4 vd;w vz;fis nfhz;L
12. THING vd;w thh;j;ijapy; cs;s vOj;Jfis thpir
6.5.4.3.2.1 cUthf;fg;gLk; 6 −,yf;f vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if= khw;wj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jp vj;jid vOj;Jr; ruq;fis
= 360 6! 720
(2.1) = = 180
nkhj;j thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 2!×2! 2 ngwyhk;. NkYk;, ,jid Mq;fpy mfuhjpapy; cs;sJ
(𝑖𝑖),ul;ilg;gil vdpy; 1Mk; ,lj;jpy; 2 (m) 4 tUk;. Nghd;W thpirg;gLj;Jk;NghJ 85MtJ vOj;Jr; ruk;
= 2! (60 × 360) = 43200 vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk;?
(∵ Kjypy; capnuOj;J gpd;dh; nka; vOj;J (m) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (2/4)
⏟ ⏟
4 3 1 2 5
Kjypy; nka; vOj;J gpd;dh; 5! 1!
topfspd; vz;zpf;if=
5!×1
= 30 ( ∵1-d; vz;zpf;if= N I G H T
capnuOj;J vd 2 topfs; cs;sjdhy; 2! tUk;) 2!×2!
(𝑖𝑖) STRING METHOD: capnuOj;Jfspd; vz;zpf;if𝑚 = 4! 3! 2! 1! 0!
2; 3-d; vz;zpf;if= 2)
6; 𝑛 = 12 3 2 0 0 0
,ul;ilg;gil vz;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 2 × 30 = 60
nkhj;j thpir khw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 𝑚! × 𝑁𝐼𝐺𝐻𝑇 −d; juk; = (3 × 4!) + (2 × 3!) + 1
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) 4My; tFgLk; vdpy; filrp 2 ,yf;fq;fs; 12,24,32
(𝑛 − 𝑚 + 1)! = 6! × 7! Mf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. = (3 × 24) + (2 × 6) + 1 = 72 + 12 + 1 = 85

13. 𝑻𝑨𝑩𝑳𝑬 vd;w thh;j;ijapy; cs;s vOj;Jfis thpir = (5 − 1)𝑃(4−1) [1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5](1111) gFjp gFjp Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpfif
khw;wk; nra;J fpilf;Fk; vy;yh vOj;Jr; ruq;fisAk; = 4𝑃3 × 21 × 1111 = (4.3.2) × 15 × 1111 m M
2 3 4.3 4.3.2
Mq;fpy mfuhjpapy; cs;sgb thpirahf mikj;jhy;, = 24 × 15 × 1111 = 399960 4𝐶2 × 4𝐶3 = 1.2 × 1.2.3 = 6 × 4 = 24
fPo;f;fz;l thh;j;ijfspd; juk; fhz;f. 16. 𝟎, 𝟐, 𝟓, 𝟕, 𝟖 vd;w ,yf;fq;fs; kPz;Lk; jpUk;g tuhj 3 2 4.3.2 4.3
(𝑖)𝑇𝐴𝐵𝐿𝐸 (𝑖𝑖)𝐵𝐿𝐸𝐴𝑇 tifapy; cUthFk; vy;yh 𝟒 −,yf;f vz;fspd; 4𝐶3 × 4𝐶2 = 1.2.3 × 1.2 = 4 × 6 = 24
(𝑖) $l;Lj;njhifiaf; fhz;f. 4 1 4.3.2.1 4
5 1 2 4 3 4𝐶4 × 4𝐶1 = 1.2.3.4 × 1 = 1 × 4 = 4
,q;F 𝑛 = 5, 𝑟 = 4
T A B L E nkhj;jk; 52
nfhLf;fg;gl;l 𝑛 ,yf;fq;fspy; 0 xU ,yf;fk; vdpy;,
4! 3! 2! 1! 0! 19. 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 vDk; thh;j;ijapy; cs;s
,tw;iwf; nfhz;L cUthFk; 𝑟 −,yf;f vz;fspd;
4 0 0 1 0 vOj;Jfisg; gad;gLj;jp 5 vOj;Jfspy; vj;jid
$Ljy;= {𝑛 − 1𝑃𝑟−1 ×(,yf;fq;fspd; $Ljy;)× vOj;Jr; ruq;fis cUthf;fyhk;?
𝑇𝐴𝐵𝐿𝐸 vd;w thh;j;ijapd; juk;; 1.1.1 … .1(𝑟Kiw)} − {𝑛 − 2𝑃𝑟−2 ×(,yf;fq;fspd; $Ljy;)× nkhj;j vOj;Jfs;= 11; 𝑃 −d; vz;zpf;if= 2; 𝐼 −d;
= (4 × 4!) + 1(1!) + 1 = (4 × 24) + 1 + 1 1.1.1 … .1(𝑟 − 1)Kiw)} vz;zpf;if= 2
= 96 + 1 + 1 = 98 = (5 − 1)𝑃(4−1) [0 + 2 + 5 + 7 + 8](1111) − (5 − 𝑂 −d; vz;zpf;if= 3; ntt;Ntwhd vOj;Jfspd;
(𝑖𝑖) 2)𝑃(4−2) [0 + 2 + 5 + 7 + 8](1111) vz;zpf;if= 4 (𝑅, 𝑆, 𝑇, 𝑁)
2 4 3 1 5 = 4𝑃3 × 22 × 1111 − 3𝑃2 × 22 × 111 vOj;Jfspd; tha;g;Gfs; Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if
B L E A T = (4.3.2)(22)(1111) − (3.2)(22)(111) 𝑃, 𝑅, 𝑂, 𝑆, 𝐼, 𝑇, 𝑁 ,y; ,Ue;J 7𝑃5 = 7.6.5.4.3 = 2520
4! 3! 2! 1! 0! = 586608 − 14652 = 571956 5 ntt;Ntwhd vOj;Jfs;
1 2 1 0 0 17. (n + 2)𝐶7 : (𝑛 − 1)𝑃4 = 13: 24 vdpy;, 𝑛 −d; kjpg;igf; 3 xNu vOj;J 5!
1𝐶1 × 2𝐶1 × 3!.2! = 1 ×
𝐵𝐿𝐸𝐴𝑇 vd;w thh;j;ijapd; juk; fhz;f. nfhz;l𝑂𝑂𝑂 −,y; 1 5.4.3.2.1
= (1 × 4!) + (2 × 3!) + (1 × 2!) + 1 𝑛! 𝑛! njhFg;G,𝑃𝑃, 𝐼𝐼 −,y; ,Ue;J 2× = 20
𝑛𝐶𝑟 = 𝑟!×(𝑛−𝑟)! ; 𝑛𝑃𝑟 = (𝑛−𝑟)! 3.2.1.2.1
= 24 + 12 + 2 + 1 = 39 1 Nrhb
(n+2)𝐶 13
14. 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟔, 𝟖 vd;w ,yf;fq;fis nfhz;L ; (n + 2)𝐶7 : (𝑛 − 1)𝑃4 = 13: 24 ⟹ (𝑛−1)𝑃7 = 24 3 xNu vOj;J 5!
1𝐶1 × 6𝐶2 × 3! = 1 ×
cUthf;fg;gLk; vy;yh 𝟒 −,yf;f vz;fspd; $Ljiyf; (𝑛+2)! (𝑛−5)! 13
4
nfhz;l𝑂𝑂𝑂 −,y; 1 6.5 5.4.3.2.1
fhz;f. ⟹ (𝑛−5)!×7! × (𝑛−1)! = 24 njhFg;G, 2 ntt;Ntwhd × 3.2.1 = 300
1.2
,q;F 𝑛 = 5, 𝑟 = 4 ⟹
(𝑛+2)(𝑛+1)𝑛(𝑛−1)! 1 13
× (𝑛−1)! = 24 vOj;Jfs; (𝑅, 𝑆, 𝑇, 𝑁, 𝑃, 𝐼)
7.6.5.4.3.2.1 𝑃𝑃, 𝐼𝐼, 𝑂𝑂 −,y; ,Ue;J 2 5! 3.2
𝑛 G+r;rpakw;w ,yf;fq;fisf; nfhz;L cUthFk; vy;yh 13 3𝐶2 × 5𝐶1 × 2!.2! = 1.2 ×
𝑟 −,yf;f vz;fspd; $Ljy;= {𝑛 − 1𝑃𝑟−1 ×(,yf;fq;fspd; ⟹ (𝑛 + 2)(𝑛 + 1)𝑛 = 24 × 7.6.5.4.3.2.1 Nrhb, 𝑅, 𝑆, 𝑇, 𝑁, (𝑃/𝐼/𝑂) − 5.4.3.2.1
,y; 1 vOj;J 5 × 1.2.1.2 = 450
$Ljy;)× 1.1.1 … .1(𝑟Kiw)} ⟹ (𝑛 + 2)(𝑛 + 1)𝑛 = 15.14.13 ⟹ 𝑛 = 13
𝑃𝑃, 𝐼𝐼, 𝑂𝑂 −,y; ,Ue;J 1 5!
Njitahd $Ljy; 18.xU tpdhj;jhspy; cs;s 8 tpdhf;fspy; 4 tpdhf;fs; 3𝐶1 × 6𝐶3 × 2! = 3 ×
= (5 − 1)𝑃(4−1) [1 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 8](1111) gFjp m-tpYk; 4 tpdhf;fs; gFjp M-tpYk; cs;sd. Nrhb, 𝑅, 𝑆, 𝑇, 𝑁, (𝑃/𝐼/𝑂), (𝑃/ 6.5.4 5.4.3.2.1
Njh;T vOJgth; 5 tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;. 𝐼/𝑂) − ,y; 3 vOj;J × 2.1 = 3600
= 4𝑃3 × 21 × 1111 = (4.3.2) × 21 × 1111 1.2.3
= 24 × 21 × 1111 = 559944 fPo;f;fz;l epge;jidfis epiwTnra;Ak; tifapy; nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd; 6890
vj;jid topfspy; ,jidr; nra;ayhk;. vz;zpf;if
15. 1,2,3,4 kw;Wk; 5 vd;w ,yf;fq;fs; kPz;Lk; jpUk;g
(𝑖),U gFjpfspypUe;Jk; vt;tpj fl;Lg;ghLk; ,y;yhky; 20.5 Mrphpah;fs; kw;Wk; 20 khzth;fspy; ,Ue;J 2
tuhj tifapy; cUthFk; vy;yh 4 −,yf;f vz;fspd; vj;jid tpdhf;fis Ntz;LkhdhYk; Njh;T nra;ayhk;.
$l;Lj;njhifiaf; fhz;f. Mrphpah;fs; kw;Wk; 3 khzth;fisf; nfhz;L xU FO
(𝑖𝑖)Fiwe;jgl;rk; ,uz;L tpdhf;fisahtJ gFjp m-tpy; mikf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.vj;jid topfspy; ,jidr;
,q;F 𝑛 = 5, 𝑟 = 4 ,Ue;J vOj Ntz;Lk;. nra;ayhk;? NkYk; ,tw;wpy; fPo;f;fhZk; epge;jidf;F
𝑛 G+r;rpakw;w ,yf;fq;fisf; nfhz;L cUthFk; vy;yh (𝑖)nkhj;jk; cs;s 8 tpdhf;fspypUe;J 5 tpdhf;fis cl;gl;L vj;jid FOf;fisf; fhzyhk;?
𝑟 −,yf;f vz;fspd; $Ljy;= {𝑛 − 1𝑃𝑟−1 ×(,yf;fq;fspd; 8.7.6 (𝒊)mf;FOtpy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l Mrphpah; cs;sthW.
Njh;T nra;Ak; topfs;= 8𝐶3 = 1.2.3 = 56
$Ljy;)× 1.1.1 … .1(𝑟Kiw)} (𝒊𝒊)mf;FOtpy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l khzth; tuhjthW.
Njitahd $Ljy; (𝑖𝑖) 5 Mrphpah;fspy; 2 Mrphpah;fs; kw;Wk; 20 khzth;fspy; 3

khzth;fis Njh;T nra;Ak; topfs;= 5𝐶2 × 20𝐶3 FOf;fis mikf;fyhk;. Mz; ngz; Mz; ngz;
5.4 20.19.18 (𝒊) rhpahf 3 ngz;fs; ,Uf;FkhW. (3) (4) (4) (3)
= 1.2 × 1.2.3 = 11400
(𝒊𝒊) Fiwe;jgl;rk; 3 ngz;fs; ,Uf;FkhW. 3 3 3𝐶3 . 3𝐶3 = 1.1 = 1
(𝑖) 1 Fwpg;gpl;l Mrphpah; Nghf kPjpAs;s Mrphpah;fspd; (𝒊𝒊𝒊) mjpfgl;rk; 3 ngz;fs; ,Uf;FkhW. 2 1 1 2 3𝐶2 . 4𝐶1 . 4𝐶1 . 3𝐶2 =
vz;zpf;if= 4 (𝑖) 3.4.4.3 = 144
4 Mrphpah;fspy; 1 Mrphpah;fs; kw;Wk; 20 khzth;fspy; 3
ngz;(; 4) Mz;(8) Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if 1 2 2 1 3𝐶1 . 4𝐶2 . 4𝐶2 . 3𝐶1 =
khzth;fis Njh;T nra;Ak; topfs;= 4𝐶1 × 20𝐶3
20.19.18 3 4 8.7.6.5 3.6.6.3 = 324
= 4 × 1.2.3 = 4560 4𝐶3 × 8𝐶4 = 4 × = 4 × 70 3 3 4𝐶3 . 4𝐶3 = 4.4 = 16
1.2.3.4
(𝑖𝑖)FOtpy; ,lk;ngwhj khzthpd; vz;zpf;if= 1 = 280 nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd; 485
5 Mrphpah;fspy; 2 Mrphpah;fs; kw;Wk; 19 khzth;fspy; 3 (𝑖𝑖) vz;zpf;if
khzth;fis Njh;T nra;Ak; topfs;= 5𝐶2 × 19𝐶3 ngz;(; 4) Mz;(8) Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if 25.xU ngl;bapy; ,uz;L nts;isg; ge;Jfs;, %d;W
5.4 19.18.17 fUg;Gg; ge;Jfs; kw;Wk; ehd;F rptg;Gg; ge;Jfs; cs;sd.
= × = 9690 3 4 8.7.6.5
4𝐶3 × 8𝐶4 = 4 × 1.2.3.4 =
1.2 1.2.3 ngl;bapy; ,Ue;J %d;W ge;Jfisj; Njh;e;njLf;Fk;
21.52 rPl;Lfs; nfhz;l xU rPl;Lf; fl;bypUe;J 5 4 × 70 = 280 NghJ, mtw;wpy; Fiwe;jgl;rk; xU fUg;G ge;J
rPl;Lfisj; Njh;T nra;Ak; xt;nthU Nrh;tpYk; 8.7.6 ,Uf;FkhW vj;jid topfspy; Njh;e;njLf;fyhk;?
vg;nghOJk; %d;W V];fs; cs;sthW vj;jid Nrh;Tfs; 4 3 4𝐶4 × 8𝐶3 = 1 × 1.2.3 = 1 ×
fUg;G(3) nts;is(2)+rptg;G(4)=6 Nrh;Tfspd;
,Uf;Fk; vdf; fhz;f. 56 = 56 vz;zpf;if
rPl;L vz;zpf;if Njh;T Nrh;Tfspd; nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd; 336 6.5
nra;a vz;zpf;if 1 2 3𝐶1 . 6𝐶2 = 3 × 1.2 =
vz;zpf;if
Ntz;ba (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 3.15 = 45
vz;zpf;if
4.3 ngz;(; 4) Mz;(8) Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if 2 1 3𝐶2 . 6𝐶1 = 3.6 = 18
V]; 4 3 4𝐶3 = 1.2 = 4 0 7 4𝐶0 × 8𝐶7 = 1 × 3 0 3𝐶3 . 6𝐶0 = 1.1 = 1
kw;wit 48.47 8.7.6.5.4.3.2 nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if
48 2 48𝐶 =2 =8 64
1.2 1.2.3.4.5.6.7
= 1128 8.7.6.5.4.3 26.𝐄𝐗𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐍𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 vd;w thh;j;ijapy; cs;s
1 6 4𝐶1 × 8𝐶6 = 4 × 1.2.3.4.5.6 = vOj;Jfisf; nfhz;L vj;jid 4 vOj;Jr; ruq;fis
nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if 4 × 1128 = 4512
4 × 28 = 112 cUthf;fyhk;?
22.7 ,e;jpah;fs; kw;Wk; 5 mnkhpf;fh;fspy; ,Ue;J 4.3 8.7.6.5.4 nkhj;j vOj;Jfs;= 11; 𝐴 −d; vz;zpf;if= 2; 𝐼 −d;
,e;jpah;fs; mjpf mstpy; ,Uf;Fk;gbahd 5 egh;fisf; 2 5 4𝐶2 × 8𝐶5 = 1.2 × 1.2.3.4.5 =
vz;zpf;if= 2 𝑁 −d; vz;zpf;if= 2; ntt;Ntwhd
nfhz;l vj;jid tpjkhd FOf;fis mikf;fyhk;? 6 × 56 = 336
,e;jpah;fs;(7) mnkhpf;fh;fs;(5) Nrh;Tfspd; vOj;Jfspd; vz;zpf;if= 5
3 4 4.3.2 8.7.6.5 vOj;Jfspd; tha;g;Gfs; Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if
vz;zpf;if 4𝐶3 × 8𝐶4 = ×
5 0 7𝐶5 × 5𝐶0 1.2.3 1.2.3.4 E, X, A, M, I, N, T, O ,y; 8𝑃4 = 8.7.6.5 = 1680
7.6.5.4.3 = 4 × 70 = 280 ,Ue;J 4 ntt;Ntwhd
= 1.2.3.4.5 × 1 = 21 nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd; 736 vOj;Jfs;
4 1 7.6.5.4 vz;zpf;if 𝐴𝐴, 𝐼𝐼, 𝑁𝑁 −,y; ,Ue;J 2 3𝐶2 × 4! = 3.2 × 4.3.2.1 = 18
7𝐶4 × 5𝐶1 = 1.2.3.4 × 2!.2! 1.2 2.1.2.1
24.xU MZf;F 4 ngz;fs; kw;Wk; 3 Mz;fs; vd 7 Nrhb
5 = 175 cwtpdh;fs; cs;sdh;. mtuJ kidtpf;F 3 ngz;fs; 𝐴𝐴, 𝐼𝐼, 𝑁𝑁 −,y; ,Ue;J 1 3𝐶1 × 7𝐶2 × 4! = 3 × 7.6 ×
3 2 7𝐶3 × 5𝐶2 kw;Wk; 4 Mz;fs; vd 7 cwtpdh;fs; cs;sdh;.xU ,uT Nrhb, E, X, M, T, O, (A/I/ 2! 1.2
7.6.5 5.4 4.3.2.1
= 1.2.3 × 1.2 = 350 tpUe;jpw;F 3 ngz;fs; kw;Wk; 3 Mz;fs; miof;fg;gLk; = 756
N), (A/I/N) −,y; ,Ue;J 2.1
NghJ, Mzpd; cwtpdh;fs; 3 Ngh; kw;Wk; mtuJ 2 vOj;Jfs;
nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if 546 kidtpapd; cwtpdh;fs; 3 Ngh; vd;wthW tpUe;jpy; nkhj;j Nrh;Tfspd;
23.8 Mz;fs; kw;Wk; 4 ngz;fspy; ,Ue;J 7 Ngh; fye;Jnfhs;s vj;jid topfspy; miof;fyhk;? 2454
vz;zpf;if
nfhz;l FO mikf;fg;gLfpd;WJ.fPo;f;fhZk; fzthpd; kidtpapd; Nrh;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if
epge;jidia G+h;j;jp nra;Ak; tifapy; vj;jid cwTfs; cwTfs; 27.15 Gs;spfspy; 7 Gs;spfs; xU Nfhl;bYk; kw;Wk;
kPjKs;s 8 Gs;spfs; kw;nwhU ,izf;Nfhl;bYk;
mike;Js;sJ vdpy; ,e;j 15 Gs;spfisf; nfhz;l (ii)P(k) vd;gJ cz;ik vdf;nfhs;f. (𝑥 2 − √1 − 𝑥 2 )5 −f;F gh];fy; Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; 6tJ
vj;jid Kf;Nfhzq;fis cUthf;fyhk;? (iii)P(k+1) vd;gJ cz;ik.
Kf;Nfhzk; cUthf;f 3 Gs;spfs; Njit. thpir 1𝑎5 −5𝑎4 𝑏 10𝑎3 𝑏 2 −10𝑎2 𝑏 5 5𝑎𝑏 4 −1𝑏 5
15 Gs;spfspypUe;J 3 Gs;spfisf; nfhz;L (iv)fzpjj;njhFj;jwpjy; nfhs;ifapd;gb, vy;yh KO 5 5
vz;fs; 𝑛 ≥ 1 −f;Fk; $w;W cz;ikahFk;. (𝑥 2 + √1 − 𝑥 2 ) + (𝑥 2 − √1 − 𝑥 2 ) =
cUthf;fg;gLk; Kf;Nfhzq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 15𝐶3 =
15.14.13
= 455 5.<UWg;Gj; Njw;wk;, njhlh;Kiwfs; kw;Wk; njhlh;fs; 2𝑎5 20𝑎3 𝑏 2 10𝑎𝑏 4
2 4
1.2.3 1.(𝒙 + 𝒂)𝒏 −d; tphpthf;fj;jpy; ,uz;lhtJ, %d;whtJ = 2(𝑥 2 )5 + 20 [(𝑥 2 )3 (√1 − 𝑥 2 ) ] + 10[(𝑥 2 )1 (√1 − 𝑥 2 ) ]
7 Gs;spfs; xNu Neh;f;Nfhl;by; cs;sjhy; 7𝐶3
kw;wk; ehd;fhtJ cWg;Gfs; KiwNa 240, 720 kw;Wk;
Kf;Nfhzq;fs; tiua ,ayhJ. = 2𝑥10 + 20𝑥 6 (1 − 𝑥 2 ) + 10𝑥 2 (1 − 𝑥 2 )2
8 Gs;spfs; xNu Neh;f;Nfhl;by; cs;sjhy; 8𝐶3 1080 vdpy; 𝒙, 𝒂 kw;Wk; 𝒏 −d; kjpg;Gfisf; fhz;f.
= 2[𝑥10 + 10𝑥 6 (1 − 𝑥 2 ) + 5𝑥 2 (1 − 𝑥 2 )2 ]
Kf;Nfhzq;fs; tiua ,ayhJ. 𝑇𝑟+1 = 𝑛𝐶𝑟 𝑎𝑛−𝑟 𝑏 𝑟 = 2[𝑥10 + 10𝑥 6 − 10𝑥 8 + 5𝑥 2 (1 − 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 )]
Njitahd Kf;Nfhzq;fspd; vz;zpf;if T2 = 240 ⟹ T1+1 = 240 ⟹ nC1 x n−1 a1 = 240 = 2[𝑥10 + 10𝑥 6 − 10𝑥 8 + 5𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 4 + 5𝑥 6 ]
= 15𝐶3 − [7𝐶3 + 8𝐶3 ] ⟹ nx n−1 a1 = 240 → (1)
15.14.13 7.6.5 8.7.6 = 2[𝑥10 − 10𝑥 8 + 15𝑥 6 − 10𝑥 4 + 5𝑥 2 ]
= 1.2.3 − [1.2.3 + 1.2.3] T3 = 720 ⟹ T2+1 = 240 ⟹ nC2 x n−2 a2 = 720 3.vy;yh kpif KO vz; 𝒏 −f;Fk; 𝟔𝒏 − 𝟓𝒏 I 25 My;
𝑛(𝑛−1)
= 455 − [35 + 56] = 455 − 91 = 364 ⟹ 1.2 x n−2 a2 = 720 → (2) tFf;f kPjp 1 vd;gij <UWg;Gj; Njw;wj;jpd; %yk;
28.xU jsj;jpy; 11 Gs;spfs; cs;sd. ,tw;wpy; 4 epWTf.
T4 = 1080 ⟹ T3+1 = 1080 ⟹ nC3 x n−3 a3 = 1080
Gs;spfisj; jtpu kw;w ve;j 3 Gs;spfSk; xNu Nfhl;by; 𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)xn−3 a3 (1 + 𝑥)𝑛 = 𝑛𝐶0 + 𝑛𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝑛𝐶2 𝑥 2 + ⋯ . +𝑛𝐶𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁
mikatpy;iy vdpy;, fPo;f;fz;ltw;iwf; fhz;f. ⟹ = 1080 → (3)
1.2.3 6𝑛 = (1 + 5)𝑛
𝑛(𝑛−1) n−2 2
(𝒊) ,g;Gs;spfspy; xU Nrhb Gs;spfspdhy; mikAk; 1.2
x a (𝑛−1) 𝑎 = 𝑛𝐶0 + 𝑛𝐶1 5 + 𝑛𝐶2 52 + 𝑛𝐶3 53 + ⋯ . +𝑛𝐶𝑛 5𝑛
NfhLfs; vj;jid? (2) ÷ (1) ⟹ =3⟹ .𝑥 = 3
nC1 x n−1 a1 2 = 1 + 5𝑛 + 52 (𝑛𝐶2 + 5𝑛𝐶3 + ⋯ + 𝑛𝐶𝑛 5𝑛−2 )
(𝒊𝒊) ,e;j Gs;spfis Kidg; Gs;spfshff; nfhz;L 𝑎 6
⟹ = → (4) 6𝑛 − 5𝑛 = 1 + 5𝑛 + 25(𝑛𝐶2 + 5𝑛𝐶3 + ⋯ + 𝑛𝐶𝑛 5𝑛−2 ) − 5𝑛
vj;jid Kf;Nfhzq;fis mikf;fyhk;? 𝑥 𝑛−1
𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)xn−3 a3 (𝑛−2)xn−3 a3 = 1 + 25(𝑛𝐶2 + 5𝑛𝐶3 + ⋯ + 𝑛𝐶𝑛 5𝑛−2 )
(𝑖)xU NfhL tiua 2 Gs;spfs; Njit. 3 3
11 Gs;spfisf; nfhz;L tiuag;gLk; NfhLfspd; (3) ÷ (2) ⟹ 1.2.3
𝑛(𝑛−1) n−2 2 =2⟹ 3
xn−2 a2
=2 ∴ vy;yh kpif KO vz; 𝑛 −f;Fk; 6𝑛 − 5𝑛 I 25 My;
x a tFf;f kPjp 1 MFk;.
11.10 1.2
vz;zpf;if= 11𝐶2 = 1.2 = 55 𝑎 9
⟹ 𝑥 = 2(𝑛−2) → (5) 4. 7400 −d; filrp ,uz;L ,yf;fq;fisf; fhz;f.
xNu Nfhl;by; cs;s 4 Gs;spfisf; nfhz;L cUthFk; 6 9 7400 = 72×200 = (72 )200 = (49)200 = (50 − 1)200
NfhLfspd; (4) kw;Wk; (5) ,y; ,Ue;J, = 2(𝑛−2)
4.3
𝑛−1
(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑛𝐶0 𝑎𝑛 𝑏 0 + 𝑛𝐶1 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑏1 + 𝑛𝐶3 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑏 2 + ⋯ . +𝑛𝐶𝑛 𝑎0
vz;zpf;if= 4𝐶2 = 1.2 = 6 ⟹ 12(𝑛 − 2) = 9(𝑛 − 1) ⟹ 12𝑛 − 24 = 9𝑛 − 9
,q;F 𝑎 = 50, 𝑏 = −1, 𝑛 = 200
xNu Nfhl;by; cs;s 4 Gs;spfisf; nfhz;L 1 NfhL ⟹ 12𝑛 − 9𝑛 = −9 + 24 ⟹ 3𝑛 = 15 ⟹ 𝑛 = 5
tiuayhk;. (50 − 1)200
𝑛 = 5 vd rkd; (1) kw;Wk; (4) ,y; gpujpapLf,
Njitahd NfhLfspd; vz;zpf;if= 55 − 6 + 1 = 50 = 50200 + 200𝐶1 (50)299 (−1)
(1) ⟹ 5𝑥 4 𝑎 = 240 → (6)
(𝑖𝑖) Kf;Nfhzk; cUthf;f 3 Gs;spfs; Njit. 𝑎 6 𝑎 3 + 200𝐶2 (50)298 (−1)2 +. . +200𝐶299 (50)1 (−1)299
(4) ⟹ = ⟹ = → (7) + 200𝐶200 (50)0 (−1)300
11 Gs;spfspypUe;J 3 Gs;spfisf; nfhz;L 𝑥 4 𝑥 2
5𝑥 4 𝑎 240 = 50200 − 200(50)299 + ⋯ − 200(50) + 1
cUthf;fg;gLk; Kf;Nfhzq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 11𝐶3 (6) ÷ (7) ⟹ 𝑎 = 3 ⟹ 5𝑥 5 = 160 ⟹ 𝑥 5 = 32
11.10.9 filrp ,uz;L ,yf;fq;fs; 01 MFk;.
= 1.2.3 = 165 𝑥 2
⟹ 𝑥 5 = 25 ⟹ 𝑥 = 2 𝟏
5. (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑 )𝟔 −d; tphptpy; 𝒙𝟔 kw;Wk; 𝒙𝟐 −d; nfOf;fisf;
4 Gs;spfs; xNu Neh;f;Nfhl;by; cs;sjhy; 4𝐶3 = 4
Kf;Nfhzq;fs; tiua ,ayhJ. 𝑛 = 5 kw;Wk; 𝑥 = 2 vd rkd; (4) ,y; gpujpapLf, fhz;f.
𝑎 6
Njitahd Kf;Nfhzq;fspd; vz;zpf;if= 165 − 4 =4⟹ 𝑎=3 𝑇𝑟+1 = 𝑛𝐶𝑟 𝑎𝑛−𝑟 𝑏 𝑟
2
= 161 2. (𝑥 2 + √1 − 𝑥 2 )5 + (𝑥 2 − √1 − 𝑥 2 )5 tphpTgLj;Jf. 1
𝑎 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑏 = − 𝑥3 , 𝑛 = 6
fzpjj;njhFj;jwpjy; gbepiyfs; (𝑥 2 + √1 − 𝑥 2 )5 −f;F gh];fy; Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; 6tJ 1 𝑟 (−1)𝑟
(i)P(1) vd;gJ cz;ik. 𝑇𝑟+1 = 6𝐶𝑟 (𝑥 2 )6−𝑟 (− 𝑥 3 ) = 6𝐶𝑟 (𝑥)12−2𝑟 (𝑥)3𝑟
thpir 1𝑎5 5𝑎4 𝑏 10𝑎3 𝑏 2 10𝑎2 𝑏 5 5𝑎𝑏 4 1𝑏 5
= 6𝐶𝑟 (𝑥)12−2𝑟 (−1)𝑟 (𝑥)−3𝑟 (10 − 1)300 𝑛𝐶𝑛−𝑟 , 𝑛𝐶𝑟 , 𝑛𝐶𝑛+𝑟 vd;f.
= 6𝐶𝑟 (−1)𝑟 (𝑥)12−2𝑟−3𝑟 = 6𝐶𝑟 (−1)𝑟 (𝑥)12−5𝑟 = 10300 + 300𝐶1 (10)299 (−1) 𝑛𝐶𝑟−1 : 𝑛𝐶𝑟 : 𝑛𝐶𝑟+1 = 1: 7: 42 (juT)
fzf;fpd;gb, (𝑥)12−5𝑟 = 𝑥 6 ⟹ 12 − 5𝑟 = 6 ⟹ 5𝑟 = 6 ⟹ + 300𝐶2 (10)298 (−1)2 +. . +300𝐶299 (10)1 (−1)299 𝑛𝐶𝑟−1 1
𝑛!⁄
(𝑛−𝑟+1)!(𝑟−1)! 1
6 + 300𝐶300 (10)0 (−1)300 𝑛𝐶𝑟−1 : 𝑛𝐶𝑟 = 1: 7 ⟹ = ⟹ 𝑛!⁄ = ⟹
𝑟 = 5 (,ayhJ) 𝑛𝐶𝑟 7 (𝑛−𝑟)!𝑟! 7
= 10300 − 300(10)299 + ⋯ − 300(10) + 1 𝑛! (𝑛−𝑟)!𝑟! 1
∴𝑥 6 − d; nfO ,y;iy. × 𝑛! = 7
filrp ,uz;L ,yf;fq;fs; 01 MFk;. (𝑛−𝑟+1)!(𝑟−1)!
fzf;fpd;gb, (𝑥)12−5𝑟 = 𝑥 2 ⟹ 12 − 5𝑟 = 2 ⟹ 5𝑟 = 10 1 (𝑛−𝑟)!𝑟.(𝑟−1)! 1
9.vy;yh kpif KO vz; 𝑛 −f;Fk; 9𝑛+1 − 8𝑛 − 9 vd;gJ ⟹ (𝑛−𝑟+1)(𝑛−𝑟)!(𝑟−1)! × =7
⟹𝑟=2 64 My; tFgLk; vd <UWg;Gj; Njw;wj;jpd; %yk; epWTf. 1
6.5 𝑟 1
𝑥 −d; nfO= 6𝐶𝑟 (−1) == 6𝐶2 (−1)2 = 1.2 (1) = 15
2 𝑟
(1 + 𝑥)𝑛 = 𝑛𝐶0 + 𝑛𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝑛𝐶2 𝑥 2 + ⋯ . +𝑛𝐶𝑛 𝑥 𝑛
⟹ 𝑛−𝑟+1 = 7 ⟹ 7𝑟 = 𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1 ⟹ 𝑛 − 8𝑟 + 1 = 0 → (1)
𝟏 𝑛!⁄
6. (𝟏 + 𝒙𝟑 )𝟓𝟎 (𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙)𝟓 −d; tphptpy; 𝒙𝟒 −d; nfOitf; 9𝑛+1 = (1 + 8)𝑛+1 = (𝑛 + 1)𝐶0 + (𝑛 + 1)𝐶1 8 + 𝑛𝐶𝑟 : 𝑛𝐶𝑟+1 = 7: 42 ⟹ 𝑛𝐶
𝑛𝐶𝑟 7
= 42 ⟹ 𝑛!
(𝑛−𝑟)!𝑟!
=6
1
fhz;f. (𝑛 + 1)𝐶1 82 + (𝑛 + 1)𝐶2 83 +. . +8𝑛+1 𝑟+1 ⁄(𝑛−𝑟−1)!(𝑟+1)!

𝑛! (𝑛−𝑟−1)!(𝑟+1)𝑟! 1
1 𝑥 3 +1
(1 + 𝑥 3 )50 (𝑥 2 + 𝑥)5 = (1 + 𝑥 3 )50 ( 𝑥 )5 = (1 + 𝑥 3 )50 (1 + = 1 + (n + 1)8 + 82 [(𝑛 + 1)𝐶1 + (𝑛 + 1)𝐶2 8+. . +8𝑛+1−2 ] ⟹ (𝑛−𝑟)(𝑛−𝑟−1)!𝑟! × =6
𝑛!
= 1 + 8n + 8 + 64[(𝑛 + 1)𝐶1 + (𝑛 + 1)𝐶2 8+. . +8𝑛−1 ] 𝑟+1 1
𝑥 3 )5 𝑥 −5 = (1 + 𝑥 3 )55 𝑥 −5 = 9 + 8n + 64[(𝑛 + 1)𝐶1 + (𝑛 + 1)𝐶2 8+. . +8𝑛−1 ] ⟹ 𝑛−𝑟 = 6 ⟹ 6𝑟 + 6 = 𝑛 − 𝑟 ⟹ 𝑛 − 7𝑟 − 6 = 0 → (2)
(1 + 𝑥 3 )55 −,y; 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 𝑥 3 , 𝑛 = 55 9𝑛+1
− 8𝑛 − 9 = 9 + 8n + 64[(𝑛 + 1)𝐶1 + (𝑛 + (1) − (2) ⟹ −𝑟 + 7 = 0 ⟹ 𝑟 = 7
𝑇𝑟+1 = 𝑛𝐶𝑟 𝑎𝑛−𝑟 𝑏 𝑟 = 55𝐶𝑟 (1)55−𝑟 (𝑥 3 )𝑟 = 55𝐶𝑟 (1)55−𝑟 𝑥 3𝑟 1)𝐶2 8+. . +8𝑛−1 ] − 8𝑛 − 9 = 64[(𝑛 + 1)𝐶1 + (1) ⟹ 𝑛 − 8(7) + 1 = 0 ⟹ 𝑛 − 56 + 1 = 0 ⟹ 𝑛 − 55 = 0
(1 + 𝑥 3 )55 𝑥 −5 = 55𝐶𝑟 (1)55−𝑟 𝑥 3𝑟 𝑥 −5 = [55𝐶𝑟 (1)55−𝑟 ]𝑥 3𝑟−5 (𝑛 + 1)𝐶2 8+. . +8𝑛−1 ] ⟹ 𝑛 = 55
𝑥 3𝑟−5 = 𝑥 4 ⟹ 3𝑟 − 5 = 4 ⟹ 3𝑟 = 9 ⟹ 𝑟 = 3 ∴ vy;yh kpif KO vz; 𝑛 −f;Fk; 9𝑛+1 − 8𝑛 − 9 vd;gJ 12. (𝟏 + 𝒙)𝒏 −d; tphptpy; 5 MtJ, 6 MtJ kw;Wk; 7
55.54.53
𝑥 4 −d; nfO= 55𝐶𝑟 (1)55−𝑟 = 55𝐶3 (1)55−3 = 1.2.3 × 1 = 64 My; tFgLk;. MtJ cWg;Gfspd; nfOf;fs; xU $l;Lj;njhlh; vdpy;,
10. 𝑎 kw;Wk; 𝑏 vd;git ntt;NtW KOf;fs; vz;fs; 𝒏 −d; kjpg;Gfisf; fhz;f.
26235
1 vdpy;, 𝑛 vd;w kpif KO vz;zpw;F 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑏 𝑛 −d; xU 𝑇𝑟+1 = 𝑛𝐶𝑟 𝑎𝑛−𝑟 𝑏 𝑟
7.(2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥2 )5 −d; tphptpy; khwpyp cWg;igf; fhz;f. fhuzp 𝑎 − 𝑏 vd epWTf.( Fwpg;G 𝑎𝑛 = (𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑏)𝑛 vd
vLj;J epWTf) 5 MtJ cWg;gpd; nfO= 𝑛𝐶4
𝑇𝑟+1 = 𝑛𝐶𝑟 𝑎𝑛−𝑟 𝑏 𝑟
𝑎𝑛 = [(𝑎 − 𝑏) + 𝑏]𝑛 6 MtJ cWg;gpd; nfO= 𝑛𝐶5
1
𝑎 = 2𝑥 3 , 𝑏 = − 3𝑥 2 , 𝑛 = 5 = 𝑛𝐶0 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑛 + 𝑛𝐶1 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑛−1 𝑏 + 𝑛𝐶2 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑛−2 𝑏 2 + 7 MtJ cWg;gpd; nfO= 𝑛𝐶6
𝑟 𝑛𝐶4 , 𝑛𝐶5 , 𝑛𝐶6 xU $l;Lj;njhlh;
𝑇𝑟+1 = 5𝐶𝑟 (2𝑥 3 )5−𝑟 (− 3𝑥 2 ) =
1 ⋯ + 𝑛𝐶𝑛−1 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑏 𝑛−1 + 𝑛𝐶𝑛 𝑏 𝑛
= 𝑛𝐶0 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑛 + 𝑛𝐶1 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑛−1 𝑏 + 𝑛𝐶2 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑛−2 𝑏 2 + [∵ 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 xU 𝐴. 𝑃 ⟹ 2𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑐 ]
1 𝑟 𝑛𝐶 𝑛𝐶
5𝐶𝑟 (2)5−𝑟 (𝑥)15−3𝑟 (− ) 𝑥 −2𝑟 ⋯ + 𝑛𝐶𝑛−1 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑏 𝑛−1 + 𝑏 𝑛 ⟹ 2 × 𝑛𝐶5 = 𝑛𝐶4 + 𝑛𝐶6 ⟹ 2 = 4 + 6
3 𝑛𝐶5 𝑛𝐶5
1 1
= 5𝐶𝑟 (2)5−𝑟 (− 3)𝑟 (𝑥)15−3𝑟−2𝑟 = 5𝐶𝑟 (2)5−𝑟 (− 3)𝑟 (𝑥)15−5𝑟 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑏 𝑛 = 𝑛𝐶0 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑛 + 𝑛𝐶1 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑛−1 𝑏 + 𝑛𝐶2 (𝑎 − 5 𝑛−6+1 𝑛𝐶𝑘 𝑛−𝑘+1
⟹ 2 = 𝑛−5+1 + [𝑛𝐶 = ]
𝑏)𝑛−2 𝑏 2 + ⋯ + 𝑛𝐶𝑛−1 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑏 𝑛−1 + 𝑏 𝑛 − 𝑏 𝑛 6 𝑘−1 𝑘
fzf;fpd;gb, (𝑥)15−5𝑟 = 𝑥 0 ⟹ 15 − 5𝑟 = 0 ⟹ 5𝑟 = 15 5 𝑛−5 30+(𝑛−5)(𝑛−4)
𝑎𝑛 − 𝑏 𝑛 = 𝑛𝐶0 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑛 + 𝑛𝐶1 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑛−1 𝑏 + 𝑛𝐶2 (𝑎 − ⟹ 2 = 𝑛−4 + ⟹2=
⟹ 𝑟=3 𝑏)𝑛−2 𝑏 2 + ⋯ + 𝑛𝐶𝑛−1 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑏 𝑛−1
6 6(𝑛−4)
2
1 1 ⟹ 12(𝑛 − 4) = 30 + 𝑛 − 9𝑛 + 20
khwpyp cWg;G= 5𝐶𝑟 (2) (− 3)𝑟 == 5𝐶3 (2)5−3 (− 3)3 =
5−𝑟
= (𝑎 − 𝑏)[𝑛𝐶0 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑛−1 + 𝑛𝐶1 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑛−2 𝑏 +
⟹ 12𝑛 − 48 = 𝑛2 − 9𝑛 + 50 ⟹ 𝑛2 − 21𝑛 + 98 = 0
5.4.3 1
× 4 × (− 27) = − 27
40 𝑛𝐶2 (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑛−3 𝑏 2 + ⋯ + 𝑛𝐶𝑛−1 𝑏 𝑛−1 ]
⟹ (𝑛 − 7)(𝑛 − 14) = 0 ⟹ 𝑛 = 7,14
1.2.3 ,J (𝑎 − 𝑏)My; tFgLk;. 2𝑛!
8. 𝟑 𝟔𝟎𝟎
−d; filrp ,uz;L ,yf;fq;fisf; fhz;f. ∴𝑎𝑛 − 𝑏 𝑛 −d; xU fhuzp (𝑎 − 𝑏) MFk;. 13. 𝐶02 + 𝐶12 + 𝐶22 + ⋯ + 𝐶𝑛2 = (𝑛!)2 vd epWTf.
600
3 = 32×300 = (32 )300 = (9)300 = (10 − 1)300 11. (𝒂 + 𝒙)𝒏 −d; tphptpy; njhlh;r;rpahd %d;W (1 + 𝑥)𝑛 = 𝑛𝐶0 + 𝑛𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝑛𝐶2 𝑥 2 + ⋯ . +𝑛𝐶𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 → (1)
(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑛𝐶0 𝑎𝑛 𝑏 0 + 𝑛𝐶1 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑏1 + 𝑛𝐶3 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑏 2 + ⋯ cWg;Gfspd; <UWg;Gf; nfOf;fspd; tpfpjk; 𝟏: 𝟕: 𝟒𝟐 (𝑥 + 1)𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑛𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝑛𝐶1 𝑥 2 + ⋯ + 𝑛𝐶𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 → (2)
+𝑛𝐶𝑛 𝑎0 𝑏 𝑛 vdpy;, 𝒏 −d; kjpg;igf; fhz;f. (1) × (2) ⟹
,q;F 𝑎 = 10, 𝑏 = −1, 𝑛 = 300 njhlh;r;rpahd %d;W cWg;Gfspd; nfOf;fs; (1 + 𝑥)2𝑛 = (𝑛𝐶0 + 𝑛𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝑛𝐶2 𝑥 2 + ⋯ . +𝑛𝐶𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 )(𝑥 𝑛 +

𝑛𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝑛𝐶1 𝑥 2 + ⋯ + 𝑛𝐶𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 ) ⟹ 𝑟=2
1 ⟹ 18𝑟 2 − 39𝑟 + 18 = 0 ⟹ 6𝑟 2 − 13𝑟 + 6 = 0
,UGwKk; 𝑥 𝑛 −d; nfOit rkd;gLj;j, ⟹ (2𝑟 − 3)(3𝑟 − 2) = 0 ⟹ 𝑟 = 3 , 2
2 3
𝑛𝐶0 + (𝑛𝐶1 )2 + (𝑛𝐶2 )2 + ⋯ + (𝑛𝐶𝑛 )2 = 2𝑛𝐶𝑛 𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 , 𝐺4 = 𝑎𝑟, 𝑎𝑟 2 , 𝑎𝑟 3 , 𝑎𝑟 4
𝑎
[ ∵ 𝑛𝐶0 = 1 = 12 = (𝑛𝐶0 )2 ] 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 3 ∴ me;j %d;W vz;fs;= , 𝑎, 𝑎𝑟
2𝑛! = 12 ( ) , 12( )2 , 12( )3 , 12( )4 = 6,3, , = 6,3,1 , 2
𝑟
⟹ (𝑛𝐶0 )2 + (𝑛𝐶1 )2 + (𝑛𝐶2 )2 + ⋯ + (𝑛𝐶𝑛 )2 = (2𝑛−𝑛)!𝑛! = 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(𝑖)𝑎 = 18, 𝑟 = 3 ⟹ 27,18,12
2𝑛! 2𝑛! 16.xU ngUf;F ; j; njhlh;Kiwapd; 4 MtJ, 5 MtJ, 6 3
= (𝑛!)2 MtJ cWg;Gfspd; ngUf;fy; 4096 kw;Wk; 5 MtJ, 6 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒(𝑖𝑖)𝑎 = 18, 𝑟 = ⟹ 12,18,27
𝑛!𝑛! 2
2𝑛! 18.,U vz;fspd; $l;Lr; ruhrhpahdJ, ngUf;Fr;
⟹ 𝐶02 + 𝐶12 + 𝐶22 + ⋯+ 𝐶𝑛2 = (𝑛!)2 MtJ, 7 MtJ cWg;Gfspd; ngUf;fy; 32768 vdpy; me;j
ngUf;;Fj; njhlh;Kiwapd; Kjy; 8 cWg;Gfspd; $Ljy; ruhrhpia tpl 10 mjpfkhfTk;, ,irr; ruhrhpia tpl 16
14.xU ,irj; njhlh;Kiwapd; Ie;jhtJ kw;Wk; fhz;f. mjpfkhfTk; ,Uf;Fkhdhy; me;j ,U vz;fisf; fhz;f.
1 1
xd;gjhtJ cWg;Gfs; KiwNa 19 kw;Wk; 35 vdpy;, me;j t n = a𝑟 𝑛−1 𝐴𝑀 = 𝐺𝑀 + 10 → (1); 𝐴𝑀 = 𝐻𝑀 + 16 → (2)
njhlh;Kiwapd; gd;dpuz;lhtJ cWg;gpidf; fhz;f. 4 MtJ, 5 MtJ, 6 MtJ cWg;Gfs; KiwNa (1), (2) ,y; ,Ue;J, 𝐺𝑀 + 10 = 𝐻𝑀 + 16
Tn = a+(n−1)d
1
𝑎𝑟 3 , 𝑎𝑟 4 , 𝑎𝑟 5 MFk;. ⟹ 𝐺𝑀 = 𝐻𝑀 + 6 → (3)
mtw;wpd; ngUf;fy;gyd;= 4096 𝐺𝑀 = 𝐴𝑀 × 𝐻𝑀 ⟹ (𝐻𝑀 + 6)2 = (𝐻𝑀 + 16 )𝐻𝑀
2
1 1 1
T5 = 19 ⟹ 𝑎+4𝑑 = 19 ⟹ 𝑎 + 4𝑑 = 19 → (1) ⟹ 𝑎𝑟 3 × 𝑎𝑟 4 × 𝑎𝑟 5 = 4096 ⟹ 𝑎3 𝑟 12 = 4096 → (1) ⟹ 𝐻𝑀2 + 12𝐻𝑀 + 36 = 𝐻𝑀2 + 16𝐻𝑀
1 1 1 5 MtJ, 6 MtJ, 7 MtJ cWg;Gfs; KiwNa ⟹ 16𝐻𝑀 − 12𝐻𝑀 = 36 ⟹ 4𝐻𝑀 = 36
T9 = 35 ⟹ 𝑎+8𝑑 = 35 ⟹ 𝑎 + 8𝑑 = 35 → (2)
𝑎𝑟 4 , 𝑎𝑟 5 , 𝑎𝑟 6 MFk;. ⟹ 𝐻𝑀 = 9
(2) − (1) ⟹ 4𝑑 = 16 ⟹ 𝑑 = 4 (3) ⟹ 𝐺𝑀 = 9 + 6 = 15 ⟹ √𝑎𝑏 = 15 ⟹ 𝑎𝑏 = 225 → (4)
mtw;wpd; ngUf;fy;gyd;= 32768
(1) ⟹ 𝑎 + 4(4) = 19 ⟹ 𝑎 + 16 = 19 ⟹ 𝑎 = 3 ⟹ 𝑎𝑟 4 × 𝑎𝑟 5 × 𝑎𝑟 6 = 32768 𝑎+𝑏
(1) ⟹ 𝐴𝑀 = 15 + 10 = 25 ⟹ = 25 ⟹ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 50
1 1 1 1 2
T12 = 𝑎+11𝑑 = 3+11(4) = 47 ⟹ T12 = 47 ⟹ 𝑎3 𝑟 15 = 32768 → (2) ⟹ 𝑏 = 50 − 𝑎 → (5)
𝑎𝑟 15 32768
15. 4, 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , … 𝐴7 , 7 vd;w njhlh;Kiw $l;Lj; (2 ÷ (1) ⟹ 𝑎𝑟 12 = 4096 ⟹ 𝑟 3 = 8 ⟹ 𝑟 3 = 23 ⟹ 𝑟 = 2 (4), (5) ,y; ,Ue;J, 𝑎(50 − 𝑎) = 225 ⟹ 50𝑎 − 𝑎2 = 225
njhlh;Kiwahf ,Uf;FkhW 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , … 𝐴7 vd;w VO 𝑟 = 2 vd rkd; (1),y; gpujpapLf, 𝑎3 (2)12 = 4096 ⟹ 𝑎2 − 50𝑎 + 225 = 0 ⟹ (𝑎 − 45)(𝑎 − 5) = 0
3 ⟹ 𝑎 = 45,5
vz;fisf; fhz;f. NkYk; 12, 𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 , 𝐺4 , 8 vd;w ⟹ 4096𝑎3 = 4096 ⟹ 𝑎 = 1
njhlh;Kiw ngUf;Fj; njhlh;Kiwahf ,Uf;FkhW 𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1) 1(28 −1) 𝑎 = 45,5 vd rkd; (5),y; gpujpapLf, ⟹ 𝑏 = 5,45
∵𝑟 > 1, 𝑆𝑛 = ⟹ 𝑆8 = = 256 − 1; 𝑆8 = 255
𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 , 𝐺4 vd;w ehd;F vz;fisf; fhz;f. 𝑟−1 2−1
∴ me;j ,U vz;fs; 45,5 MFk;.
17.VWthpirapy; ngUf;Fj;njhlh; Kiwapy; cs;s %d;W
4, 𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , … 𝐴7 , 7 vd;w 𝐴𝑃 −,y; 𝑎 = 4, 𝑇9 = 7 19. 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 vd;gd xU ngUf;Fj; njhlh;Kiwahf ,Ue;J
cWg;Gfspd; ngUf;fy; 5832. ,uz;lhtJ vz;Zld; 6 1 1 1
3
⟹ 𝑎 + 8𝑑 = 7 ⟹ 4 + 8𝑑 = 7 ⟹ 𝑑 = 8 IAk; %d;whtJ vz;Zld; 9 IAk; $l;lf; fpilf;Fk; 𝑎 ⁄𝑥 = 𝑏 ⁄𝑦 = 𝑐 ⁄𝑧 vdTk; ,Uf;Fkhdhy; 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 vd;gd
vz;fs; xU $l;Lj; njhlh;Kiwahf ,Uf;Fk; vdpy; xU $l;Lj; njhlh;KiwahFk; vd epWTf.
𝐴1 , 𝐴2 , … 𝐴7 = (𝑎 + 𝑑), (𝑎 + 2𝑑), (𝑎 + 3𝑑), (𝑎 + 4𝑑), (𝑎 + ngUf;Fj;njhlh; Kiwapd; me;j %d;W vz;fisf; 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 vd;gd xU ngUf;Fj; njhlh;Kiw
5𝑑), (𝑎 + 6𝑑), (𝑎 + 7𝑑) fhz;f. ⟹ 𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑐 → (1)
3 3 3 3 3 𝑎
= (4 + 8) , (4 + 2. 8) , (4 + 3. 8) , (4 + 4. 8) , (4 + 5. 8) , (4 + Njitahd %d;W vz;fs; 𝑟 , 𝑎, 𝑎𝑟 vd;f. 1 1 1
𝑎
𝑎 ⁄𝑥 = 𝑏 ⁄𝑦 = 𝑐 ⁄𝑧 = 𝑘 vd;f.⟹ 𝑎 = 𝑘 𝑥 , 𝑏 = 𝑘 𝑦 , 𝑐 = 𝑘 𝑧
3
6. 8) , (4 + 7. 8)
3 ngUf;fy;= 5832 ⟹ 𝑟 × 𝑎 × 𝑎𝑟 = 5832 ⟹ 𝑎3 = 183 (1) ⟹ (𝑘 𝑦 )2 = 𝑘 𝑥 × 𝑘 𝑦 ⟹ (𝑘)2𝑦 = (𝑘)𝑥+𝑧 ⟹ 2𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑧
35 38 41 44 47 50 53 3 6 1 4 7 2 5 ⟹ 𝑎 = 18 ∴ 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 vd;gd xU $l;Lj; njhlh;KiwahFk;.
= , , , , , , = 48,48,58,58,58,68,68 𝑎 20.xU ngUf;Fj; njhlhpd; 𝑘 MtJ cWg;G t k vdpy;,
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 , 𝑎 + 6, 𝑎𝑟 + 9 xU $l;Lj;njhlh; Kiw.
𝑟
3
12, 𝐺1 , 𝐺2 , 𝐺3 , 𝐺4 , 8 vd;w 𝐺𝑃 −,y; 𝑎 = 12, 𝑇6 = 8
3 𝑎 𝑘 −d; vy;yh kpif KO vz;Zf;Fk; 𝑡𝑛−𝑘 , 𝑡𝑛 , 𝑡𝑛+𝑘
⟹ 2(𝑎 + 6) = 𝑟 + 𝑎𝑟 [ ∵ 2𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑐] vd;gdTk; xU ngUf;Fj; njhlh; vd epWTf.
3 3 1 1 5 18 18+18𝑟 2 +9𝑟 t n = a𝑟 𝑛−1 ; 𝑡𝑛−𝑘 = a𝑟 𝑛−𝑘−1 ; 𝑡𝑛+𝑘 = a𝑟 𝑛+𝑘−1
⟹ 𝑎𝑟 5 = 8 ⟹ 12𝑟 5 = 8 ⟹ 𝑟 5 = 32 ⟹ 𝑟 5 = (2) ⟹ 2(18 + 6) = 𝑟 + 18𝑟 + 9 ⟹ 48 = 𝑟 𝑡𝑛 a𝑟 𝑛−1 𝑡𝑛+𝑘 a𝑟 𝑛+𝑘−1
⟹ 48𝑟 = 18 + 18𝑟 2 + 9𝑟 = a𝑟 𝑛−𝑘−1 = 𝑟 𝑘 ; = = 𝑟𝑘
𝑡𝑛−𝑘 tn a𝑟 𝑛−1

𝑡 𝑡 (1) + (2) + (3) ⟹ 1 1 18×19×37
∵ 𝑡 𝑛 = 𝑛+𝑘 = 𝑟 𝑘 ⟹ 𝑡𝑛−𝑘 , 𝑡𝑛 , 𝑡𝑛+𝑘 vd;gd xU ngUf;Fj; = 4 [12 + 22 + 32 + 42 +. . +182 − 12 ] = 4 [ − 1]
tn 6
𝑛−𝑘 (𝑞 − 𝑟) log 𝑎 + (𝑟 − 𝑝) log 𝑏 + (𝑝 − 𝑞) log 𝑐 = 0 𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
njhlh; MFk;. 1 1 1 ∵ ∑ 𝑛2 =
21. (𝑞 − 𝑟)𝑥 2 + (𝑟 − 𝑞)𝑥 + 𝑝 − 𝑞 = 0 vd;w rkd;ghl;bd; 23. 1+√2 + + + ⋯vd;w njhlhpd; Kjy; 𝑛 6
√2+√3 √3+√4 1 1
%yq;fs; rkkhdit vdpy; 𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟 vd;gd xU $l;Lj; cWg;Gfspd; $Ljy; fhz;f. = 4 [2109 − 1] = 4 × 2108 = 527
njhlh;KiwahFk; vd epWTf. 𝑡𝑘 =
1
=
1
×
√𝑘−√𝑘+1 26. 8 + 88 + 888 + 8888 + ⋯. vd;w njhlhpd; Kjy; 𝑛
(𝑞 − 𝑟)𝑥 2 + (𝑟 − 𝑞)𝑥 + 𝑝 − 𝑞 = 0 √𝑘+√𝑘+1 √𝑘+√𝑘+1 √𝑘−√𝑘+1 cWg;Gfspd; $Ljy; fhz;f.
√𝑘−√𝑘+1 √𝑘−√𝑘+1 √𝑘−√𝑘+1
⟹ (𝑞 − 𝑟)𝑥 2 + [𝑟 − 𝑝 + 𝑞 − 𝑞]𝑥 + (𝑝 − 𝑞) = 0 = 2 2 = = −1 8 + 88 + 888 + 8888 + ⋯.
√𝑘 −√𝑘+1 𝑘−(𝑘+1)
⟹ (𝑞 − 𝑟)𝑥 2 − [−𝑟 + 𝑝 − 𝑞 + 𝑞]𝑥 + (𝑝 − 𝑞) = 0 8
= 8[1 + 11 + 111 + ⋯ 𝑛] = 9 [9 + 99 + 999 + ⋯ 𝑛]
⟹ (𝑞 − 𝑟)𝑥 2 − [(𝑞 − 𝑟) + (𝑝 − 𝑞)]𝑥 + (𝑝 − 𝑞) = 0 𝑡𝑘 = √𝑘 + 1 − √𝑘
8
⟹ (𝑞 − 𝑟)𝑥 2 − (𝑞 − 𝑟)𝑥 − (𝑝 − 𝑞)𝑥 + (𝑝 − 𝑞) = 0 𝑡1 + 𝑡2 + 𝑡3 + ⋯ . +𝑡𝑛 = 9 [10 − 1 + 100 − 1 + 1000 − 1 + ⋯ 𝑛]
⟹ (q − r)x[x − 1] − (p − q)[x − 1] = 0 = √2 − √1 + √3 − √2 + √4 − √3 + ⋯ + √𝑛 + 1 − √𝑛 8
= 9 [(10 + 100 + 1000+. . 𝑛) − (1 + 1 + 1 + ⋯ 𝑛)]
⟹ (x − 1)[x(q − r) − (p − q)] = 0 = √𝑛 + 1 − 1 8 a(rn −1)
𝑝−𝑞 24.xU $l;Lj; njhlhpd; Kjy; 10 cWg;Gfspd; $Ljy; 52 = 9[ − 𝑛] ; 𝑎 = 10, 𝑟 = 10
⟹ 𝑥 = 1 ;𝑥 = r−1
𝑞−𝑟 kw;Wk; Kjy; 15 cWg;Gfspd; $Ljy; 77 vdpy; Kjy; 20 8 10(10n −1) 8 10(10n −1)
𝑝−𝑞
= 9[ − 𝑛] = 9 [ − 𝑛]
= 1 ( ∵%yq;fs; rkk; ) cWg;Gfspd; $Ljy; fhz;f. 10−1 9
80 8𝑛
𝑞−𝑟 n
Sn = [2a + (n − 1)d] = (10n − 1) −
81 9
⟹ 𝑝 − 𝑞 = 𝑞 − 𝑟 ⟹ 2𝑞 = 𝑝 + 𝑟 2
∴ 𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟 vd;gd xU $l;Lj; njhlh;KiwahFk;. 10 27. 𝟏 + (𝟏 + 𝟒) + (𝟏 + 𝟒 + 𝟒𝟐 ) + ⋯ vd;w njhlhpd; Kjy;
S10 = 52 ⟹ 2 [2a + (10 − 1)d] = 52 𝒏 cWg;Gfspd; $Ljy; fhz;f.
22.xU ngUf;Fj;njhlhpd; 𝒑, 𝒒 kw;Wk; 𝒓 MtJ cWg;Gfs;
⟹ 5[2a + 9d] = 52 ⟹ 10𝑎 + 45𝑑 = 52 → (1) 𝑡𝑘 = 1 + 4 + 42 + ⋯ . +4𝑘−1 , ,q;F 𝑎 = 1, 𝑟 = 4
KiwNa 𝒂, 𝒃 kw;Wk; 𝒄 vdpy; (𝒒 − 𝒓) 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 + (𝒓 − 15
S15 = 77 ⟹ 2 [2a + (15 − 1)d] = 77 1(4k −1) 4k −1 a(rn −1)
𝒑) 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 + (𝒑 − 𝒒) 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒄 = 𝟎 vd epWTf. 𝑡𝑘 = = [∵ ]
4−1 3 r−1
t n = a𝑟 𝑛−1 ⟹ 15[2a + 14d] = 77 × 2 4k −1 1
𝑛 𝑛 k
⟹ 30𝑎 + 210𝑑 = 154 → (2) 𝑆𝑛 = ∑𝑘=1 = 3 [∑𝑘=1 4 − (1 + 1 + 1 + ⋯ 𝑛)]
3
t p = a ⟹ A𝑅 𝑝−1 = 𝑎 2 1 2 3
(1) × 3 − (2) ⟹ −75𝑑 = 2 ⟹ 𝑑 = − = 3 [(4 + 4 + 4 + ⋯ 𝑛) − 𝑛]
,UGwKk; 𝑙𝑜𝑔 vLf;f,⟹ log 𝑎 = log(A𝑅 𝑝−1 ) 75
1 1 a(rn −1)
⟹ log 𝑎 = log 𝐴 + log 𝑅 𝑝−1 (1) ⟹ 10𝑎 + 45 (− ) = 52 ⟹ 10𝑎 = 52 +
2 90 = 3 [(4 + 42 + 43 + ⋯ 𝑛) − 𝑛] = 3 [ r−1 − 𝑛], ,q;F 𝑎 =
⟹ log 𝑎 = log 𝐴 + (𝑝 − 1) log 𝑅 75 75
4, 𝑟 = 4
798 798 133
⟹ (𝑞 − 𝑟) log 𝑎 = (𝑞 − 𝑟) log 𝐴 + (𝑞 − 𝑟)(𝑝 − 1) log 𝑅 → ⟹ 10𝑎 = ⟹ 𝑎 = 15×10 ⟹ 𝑎 = 1 4(4n − 1) 1 4(4n − 1) 4 𝑛
15 25
(1) 20 133 2
= [ − 𝑛] = [ − 𝑛] = (4n − 1) −
S20 = [2 ( 25 ) + (20 − 1) (− 75)] 3 4−1 3 3 9 3
t q = b ⟹ A𝑅 𝑞−1 = 𝑏 2
,UGwKk; 𝑙𝑜𝑔 vLf;f,⟹ log 𝑏 = log(A𝑅 𝑞−1 ) ⟹ log 𝑏 = 266 2 266 38 28. √3 + √75 + √243 + ⋯ vd;w njhlhpd; 𝑛 cWg;Gfspd;
= 10 [ 25 + 19 (− 75)] = 10 [ 25 (− 75)]
log 𝐴 + log 𝑅 𝑞−1 $Ljy; 435√3 vdpy;, 𝑛 −d; kjpg;G fhz;f.
798−38 760 304 304
⟹ log 𝑏 = log 𝐴 + (𝑞 − 1) log 𝑅 = 10 [ ] = 10 × = S20 = √3 + √75 + √243 + ⋯ = √3 + √25 × 3 + √81 × 3 + ⋯
75 75 3 3
⟹ (𝑟 − 𝑝) log 𝑏 = (𝑟 − 𝑝) log 𝐴 + (𝑟 − 𝑝)(𝑞 − 1) log 𝑅 → 13 13 +23 13 +23 +33 = √3 + 5√3 + 9√3+..
(2) 25. 1 + 1+3 + 1+3+5 + ⋯.vd;w njhlhpd; Kjy; 17
,q;F 𝑎 = √3, 𝑑 = 4√3
t r = c ⟹ A𝑅 𝑟−1 = 𝑐 cWg;Gfspd; $Ljy; fhz;f. n
𝑘(𝑘+1) 2 𝑺𝒏 = 435√3 ⟹ 2 [2a + (n − 1)d] = 435√3
,UGwKk; 𝑙𝑜𝑔 vLf;f,⟹ log 𝑐 = log(A𝑅 𝑟−1 ) ⟹ log 𝑐 = 13 +23 +33 +..+𝑘 3
𝑡𝑘 = 1+3+5+⋯(2𝑘−1) =
∑ 𝑘3
=
(
2
)
=
𝑘 2 (𝑘+1)2
=
(𝑘+1)2 n
𝑘2 𝑘2 4×𝑘 2 ⟹ 2 [2√3 + (n − 1)4√3] = 435√3
log 𝐴 + log 𝑅 𝑟−1 4
22 32 42 182 1 n
⟹ log 𝑐 = log 𝐴 + (𝑟 − 1) log 𝑅 𝑡1 + 𝑡2 + 𝑡3 + ⋯ + 𝑡17 = + + +. . + = 4 [22 + ⟹ 2 × 2√3[1 + (𝑛 − 1)2] = 435√3
4 4 4 4
⟹ (𝑝 − 𝑞) log 𝑎 = (𝑝 − 𝑞) log 𝐴 + (𝑝 − 𝑞)(𝑝 − 1) log 𝑅 → 32 + 42 +. . +182 ] ⟹ 𝑛[1 + 2𝑛 − 2] = 435 ⟹ 𝑛(2𝑛 − 1) = 435
(3) ⟹ 2𝑛2 − 𝑛 − 435 = 0 ⟹ (𝑛 − 15)(2𝑛 + 29) = 0
29
⟹ 𝑛 = 15 (m) 𝑛 = − 2 (jPh;T my;y) vz;zpf;if= 2 × 30 me;j tphpthf;fk; rhpahf ,Ug;gjw;fhd 𝑥 −d;
2 kzp Neu Kbtpy; cs;s Ez;Zaphpfspd; epge;jidiaf; fhz;f.
29.xUth; &.3250 vd;w njhifia Kjy; khjk; &.20-k; vz;zpf;if= 2 × 2 × 30 = 22 × 30 𝑛(𝑛+1) 𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)
mLj;jLj;j xt;nthU khjKk; &.15 mjpfg;gLj;jpAk; 3 kzp Neu Kbtpy; cs;s Ez;Zaphpfspd; (1 + 𝑥)−𝑛 = 1 − 𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 + ⋯
2! 3!
nrYj;jp tUfpd;whh; vdpy; mth; me;jj; njhifia
KOikahf jpUg;gpr; nrYj;j vj;jid khjq;fs; MFk;? vz;zpf;if= 2 × 2 × 2 × 30 = 23 × 30 1
=
1 1
= 9 (1 +
2𝑥
)]−2
2𝑥
4 kzp Neu Kbtpy; cs;s Ez;Zaphpfspd; (3+2𝑥)2 [3(1+ )]2 3
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tptug;gb, 𝑎 = 20, 𝑑 = 15, 𝑆𝑛 = 3
vz;zpf;if= 24 × 30 1 2𝑥 2(2+1) 2𝑥 2 2(2+1)(2+2) 2𝑥 3
3250, 𝑛 =? = 9 [1 − 2 ( 3 ) + (3) − ( 3 ) + ⋯]
n n MtJ kzpNeu Kbtpy; cs;s Ez;Zaphpfspd; 2! 3!
𝑆𝑛 = 3250 ⟹ 2 [2a + (n − 1)d] = 3250 vz;zpf;if= 2𝑛 × 30 1 4 2.3 4𝑥 2 2.3.4 8𝑥 3
𝑛
= 9 [1 − 3 𝑥 + . − 1.2.3 . +⋯]
2 9 27
⟹ 2 [2(20) + (𝑛 − 1)15] = 3250 32.xU tq;fpapy; nrYj;jg;gl;l &.500 MdJ, 10% njhlh; 1 4 4𝑥 2 32𝑥 3
𝑛 𝑛 tl;b tPjj;jpy;, 10 Mz;Lfspy; vt;tsthf khWk;. = 9 [1 − 3 𝑥 + − +⋯]
⟹ 2 [40 + 15𝑛 − 15] = 3250 ⟹ 2 [15𝑛 + 25] = 3250 1 4 4
3 27
32 3 2𝑥
𝑃 = 500, 𝑟 = 10, 𝑛 = 10 = − 𝑥+ 𝑥2 − 𝑥 3 + ⋯ , |𝑥| < [∵ | | < 1 ⟹
⟹ 15𝑛2 + 25𝑛 = 6500 𝑛 9 27 27 243 2 3
𝑟 10 10 3
⟹ 15𝑛2 + 25𝑛 − 6500 = 0; ÷ 5 nkhj;jj; njhif 𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + 100) = 500 (1 + 100) |2𝑥| < 3 ⟹ |𝑥| < ]
2
⟹ 3𝑛2 + 5𝑛 − 1300 = 0 ⟹ (𝑛 − 20)(3𝑛 + 65) = 0 =
11
500(10)10 𝟑 𝟑
65 36. 𝒙 xU nghpa vz; vdpy;, √𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕 − √𝒙𝟑 + 𝟒 − d;
⟹ 𝑛 = 15 (m) 𝑛 = − 3 (jPh;T my;y) 𝟏
33.xU efuj;jpy; itu]; Nehapdhy; Vw;gl;l Rfhjhu kjpg;G Njhuhakhf 𝒙𝟐 vd epWTf.
30.xU ge;jaj;jpy; 20 ge;Jfs; xt;nthd;Wk; 4kP Nfl;bdhy; kf;fspd; ,ay;G tho;f;if ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. 𝑛(𝑛−1) 𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)
,ilntspapy; xNu Neh;f;Nfhl;by; itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Xt;nthU ehSk; me;j Neha; jhf;Fk; itu]; fpUkpfs; (1 + 𝑥)𝑛 = 1 + 𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + ⋯
2! 3!
Kjy; ge;jpw;Fk; njhlf;fg;Gs;spf;Fk; cs;s ,ilntsp xU ngUf;Fj;njhlh; Kiwapy; gutp tUfpwJ. ,e;j 1⁄
24kP. xU Nghl;bahsh; xU Neuj;jpy; xU ge;J tPjk; njhw;W fpUkpfs; xt;nthU ehSk; mjd; Ke;ija 3 1⁄ 7 3
vy;yh ge;JfisAk; njhlf;fg;Gs;spf;F nfhz;Lte;J ehisg; Nghy; ,Uklq;fhf ngUFfpwJ. Kjy; ehspy; √𝑥 3 + 7 = (𝑥 3 + 7) 3 = [𝑥 3 (1 + 𝑥 3 )]
Nrh;f;f vt;tsT J}uk; Xl Ntz;Lk;. 7 1⁄ 7
mjd; vz;zpf;if 5 vdpy;, me;j fpUkpfspd; vz;zpf;if = 𝑥(1 + 𝑥 3 ) 3, | | < 1
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tptug;gb, 𝑎 = 24, 𝑑 = 4 𝑥3
ve;j ehspy; 1,50,000 −f;F mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; vdf; 1 1
( −1) 7 2
1 7
t n = a + (n − 1)d fhz;f. = 𝑥 [1 + 3 . 𝑥 3 + 3 3
(𝑥 3 ) + ⋯ ]
2!
⟹ 𝑡20 = 𝑎 + 19𝑑 = 24 + 19(4) = 24 + 76 = 100 nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tptug;gb, 𝑎 = 5, 𝑟 = 2, 𝑆𝑛 > 150000 1 2
vdpy; 𝑛 =? 7 (− ) 49 7 49
24, 28, 32, … . , 100 xU $l;lj;njhlh; = 𝑥 [1 + 3𝑥 3 + 3 3
. 𝑥 6 + ⋯ ] = 𝑥 [1 + 3𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 6 +. . ]
a(rn −1) 5(2n −1) 2
nkhj;jk; Xl Ntz;ba J}uk; 𝑆𝑛 > 150000 ⟹ r−1 > 150000 ⟹ 2−1 > 150000 7 49
= 2(24) + 2(28) + 2(32) + ⋯ + 2(100) = 𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 5 + ⋯
⟹ 5(2n − 1) > 150000 ⟹ 2n − 1 > 30000
= 2[24 + 28 + 32 + ⋯ + 100] 1⁄
⟹ 2n > 30001 ⟹ 214 < 30001 < 215 3 1⁄ 4 3
𝑎 = 24, 𝑑 = 4, 𝑙 = 100, 𝑛 = 20 √𝑥 3 + 4 = (𝑥 3 + 4) 3 = [𝑥 3 (1 + 𝑥 3 )]
n ⟹ 𝑛 = 15
4 1⁄ 4
Sn = [2a + (n − 1)d] 1 = 𝑥(1 + 𝑥 3 ) 3, | | < 1
2 34. ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑛2 +5𝑛+6 −d; kjpg;G fhz;f. 𝑥3
20 1 1
= 2 × 2 [2(24) + (20 − 1)4] = 20[48 + 76] = 20 × 124 1 1 1 1 1 4 ( −1) 4 2
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑛2 +5𝑛+6 = (𝑛+2)(𝑛+3) = (𝑛+2) − (𝑛+3) = 𝑥 [1 + 3 . 𝑥 3 + 3 3
(𝑥 3 ) + ⋯ ]
2!
= 2480kP. 1 1 1 1
31.Ez;Zaph; tsh;r;rpapy; xt;nthU kzp Neuj;jpw;Fk; 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 = (3 − 4) + (4 − 5) + 4
1 2
(− ) 16 4 16
3 3
Ez;Zaphpfspd; vz;zpf;ifahdJ mjd; Ke;ija kzp 1 1 1 1 = 𝑥 [1 + 3𝑥 3 + . 𝑥 6 + ⋯ ] = 𝑥 [1 + 3𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 6 +. . ]
(5 − 6) +. . + ((𝑛+2) − (𝑛+3)) 2
Neuj;jpy; cs;sJ Nghy; ,U klq;fhfpwJ. Muk;gj;jpy; 30 4 16
1 1 = 𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 5 + ⋯
Ez;Zaph;fs; ,Uf;Fkhdhy; 2 MtJ, 4 MtJ kw;Wk; n 𝑆𝑛 = 3 − 𝑛+3
1
MtJ kzpNeu Kbtpy; vj;jid Ez;Zaph;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. 1 1 1 𝑥 xU nghpa vz; vdpy;,𝑥 kpfr; rpwpa vz;zhf ,Uf;Fk;.
𝑛 → ∞ vdpy; →0 ∴ ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑛2 +5𝑛+6 = 3
Muk;gj;jpy; cs;s Ez;Zaphpfspd; vz;zpf;if= 30 𝑛+3 1
1 kzp Neu Kbtpy; cs;s Ez;Zaphpfspd; 1 vdNt −d; cah; mLf;Ffis ePf;fyhk;.
35. (3+2𝑥)2 I 𝑥 −d; mLf;Ffshf tphpthf;fk; nra;f. 𝑥

3 3 7 4 1⁄ 1 1 1
√𝑥 3 + 7 − √𝑥 3 + 4 = 𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − [𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 ] 2 1 2 ⁄𝑛 𝑝 ⁄𝑛 𝑝 ⁄𝑛 𝑝 1⁄ 𝑝
1−𝑥 1−𝑥 −1⁄2 𝑛
√ = (1+𝑥) = (1 − 𝑥) ⁄2 (1 + 𝑥) = 1
2 ⁄𝑛 𝑞
1⁄ =
𝑛
1
𝑞 ⁄𝑛
= (𝑞 ) 𝑛 = √𝑞
7 4 3 1 1+𝑥
= 𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2 1 1
( −1)
1 1
( +1)
1 1 8 15 8(15+16)+(15−16) 8(31)−1 248−1 247
37. 𝒙 xU nghpa vz; vdpy;, +𝟔−
𝟑
√𝒙𝟑
𝟑
√𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑 − d; = [1 − 𝑥 + 2 2
𝑥 2 − ⋯ ] [1 − 𝑥 + 2 2
𝑥2 − ⋯ ] √
16
=
8(15+16)−(15−16)
=
8(31)+1
=
248+1
=
249
= 0.99196
2 2! 2 2!
𝟏
𝑥2 3𝑥 2 3−4𝑥+𝑥 2
kjpg;G Njhuhakhf 𝒙𝟐 vd epWTf. = [1 − 2 −
𝑥
− ⋯ ] [1 − 2 +
𝑥
+⋯] 41. −d; tphptpy; 𝑥 4 −d; nfOitf; fhz;f.
8 8 𝑒 2𝑥
𝑛(𝑛−1) 𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2) 3𝑥 2 𝑥2 3𝑥 3 𝑥2 𝑥3 3−4𝑥+𝑥 2
(1 + 𝑥)𝑛 = 1 + 𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 + ⋯ =1−2+
𝑥
−2+
𝑥
− − + 16 − ⋯ = (3 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 )𝑒 −2𝑥
2! 3! 8 4 16 8 𝑒 2𝑥
1⁄ 3𝑥 2 𝑥2 𝑥2 −2𝑥 (−2𝑥)2 (−2𝑥)3 (−2𝑥)4
3 1 6 3 𝑥
= 1 + (− 2 − 2) + (
𝑥
+ − ) ( ∵ 𝑥 kpfr; rpwpaJ ) = (3 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) (1 + + + + +⋯)
√𝑥 3 + 6 = (𝑥 3 + 6) ⁄3 3
= [𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 3 )] 8 4 8 1! 2! 3! 4!
𝑥2 4𝑥 3 2𝑥 4
= 𝑥(1 + 𝑥 3 )
6 1⁄ 6
3, | | < 1 =1−𝑥+ = (3 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 )(1 − 2𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 2
+ …)
2 3 3
𝑥3 2 4
1 6
1 1
( −1) 6 2 39.gpd;tUk; klf;ifj; njhlhpy; Kjy; 4 𝑥 4 −d; nfO= 3 ( ) − 4 (− ) + 1(2)
3 3 3 3
= 𝑥 [1 + 3 . 𝑥 3 + (𝑥 3 ) + ⋯ ] 1+3𝑥 1−2𝑥 16 16 12+16 28
2! cWg;Gfisf; fhz;f. (𝑖) log ( ) (𝑖𝑖) log ( ) =2+ +2= 4+ = =
1 2 1−3𝑥 1+2𝑥 3 3 33
2 (− ) 36 2 4 ∞ 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝑥 [1 + 𝑥 3 + 3 3
. 𝑥 6 + ⋯ ] = 𝑥 [1 + 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 6 +. . ] 1+𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥5 42.kjpg;Gf; fhz;f: ∑𝒏=𝟏 ( + 𝟗𝟐𝒏−𝟏 )
2 (𝑖) log( ) = 2[𝑥 + + + ⋯] 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟗𝒏−𝟏
1−𝑥 3 5 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
2 4
1+3𝑥 (3𝑥)3 (3𝑥)5 (3𝑥)7 ∑∞
𝒏=𝟏 ( + )
= 𝑥 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥5 + ⋯ log ( ) = 2 [3𝑥 + + + + ⋯] 𝟐𝒏−𝟏 𝟗𝒏−𝟏 𝟗𝟐𝒏−𝟏
1−3𝑥 3 5 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1⁄
3 = 1 (1 + 9) + 3 (9 + 93 ) + 5 (92 + 95 ) + 7 (93 + 97 ) + ⋯
3 3 243𝑥 5 2187𝑥 7 1
√𝑥 3 + 3 = (𝑥 3 + 3) ⁄3 3
= [𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 3 )] = 2 [3𝑥 + 9𝑥 3 + + + ⋯ ] , |𝑥| < 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 3
5 7 3 = [1 + 3 (9) + 5 (9) + 7 (9) + ⋯ . ] + [9 + 3 (9) +
3 1⁄ 3
= 𝑥(1 + ) 3, | 3| < 1 1−2𝑥 1
𝑥3 𝑥 (𝑖𝑖) log ( ) = log (1+2𝑥 ) 1 1 5 1 1 7
1 1
( −1) 3 2 1+2𝑥 ⁄1−2𝑥 ( ) + 7 (9) … ]
1 3 3 3 5 9
= 𝑥 [1 + 3 . 𝑥 3 + (𝑥 3 ) + ⋯ ] 1+2𝑥 1+2𝑥 1+2𝑥
2! = log 1 − log ( ) = 0 − log ( ) = − log ( ) 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 3
1 2
1−2𝑥 1−2𝑥 1−2𝑥 = 3 [3 + 3 ( 9 ) + 5 ( 9 ) + 7 ( 9 ) + ⋯ . ] + [ 9 + 3 ( 9 ) +
1 (− ) 9 1 1 1+𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥5
3 3
= 𝑥 [1 + 𝑥 3 + . 𝑥 6 + ⋯ ] = 𝑥 [1 + 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 6 +. . ] log( ) = 2[𝑥 + + + ⋯] 1 1 5 1 1 7
2 1−𝑥 3 5 ( ) + 7 (9) … ]
1 1 5 9
1+2𝑥 (2𝑥)3 (2𝑥)5 (2𝑥)7
= 𝑥 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥5 + ⋯ − log ( ) = −2 [2𝑥 + + + + ⋯] 1 1+
1
3 1 1+
1
9 1+𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥5
1 1−2𝑥 3 5 7 = 3 × 2 log 1 + 2 log 1 (∵ log(1−𝑥) = 2[𝑥 + 3
+ 5
+ ⋯ ])
𝑥 xU nghpa vz; vdpy;,𝑥 kpfr; rpwpa vz;zhf ,Uf;Fk;. 8𝑥 3 32𝑥 5 128𝑥 7 1 1− 1−
3 9
1
= −2 [2𝑥 + + + +. . ] , |𝑥| < 1 4⁄ 10⁄ 1 5 5
3 5 7 2
vdNt −d; cah; mLf;Ffis ePf;fyhk;. = 2 [3 log 2⁄3 + log 9
8⁄ ] = 2 [3 log 2 + log 4 = log 23 + log 4]
𝑥 40. 𝒑 kw;Wk; 𝒒 I xg;gpLk;NghJ 𝒑 − 𝒒 rpwpaJ vdpy;, 3 9
3 3 2 1 2 1 1 5 1
√𝑥 3 + 7 − √𝑥 3 + 4 = 𝑥 + 2 − [𝑥 + 2 ] = 𝑥 + 2 − 𝑥 − 2 𝒏 𝒑 (𝒏+𝟏)𝒑+(𝒏−𝟏)𝒒 𝟖 𝟏𝟓 = 2 log(8 × 4) = 2 log 𝑒 10
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 √𝒒 = (𝒏−𝟏)𝒑+(𝒏+𝟏)𝒒 vd epWTf. ,jd; %yk; √𝟏𝟔 −d;
1
= 2 kjpg;gpidf; fhz;f.
𝑥 (𝑛+1)𝑝+(𝑛−1)𝑞
1
𝑛[(𝑝+𝑞)+ (𝑝−𝑞)
1 𝑝−𝑞
(𝑝+𝑞)[1+ ( )]
𝑛 𝑛 𝑝+𝑞
1−𝑥 = 1 = 1 𝑝−𝑞
38. 𝑥 kpfr; rpwpaJ vdpy;, √1+𝑥 vd;gJ Njhuhakhf 1 − (𝑛−1)𝑝+(𝑛+1)𝑞 𝑛[(𝑝+𝑞)− (𝑝−𝑞)
𝑛
(𝑝+𝑞)[1− (
𝑛 𝑝+𝑞
)]
1
𝑥2 1 𝑝−𝑞 𝑝−𝑞 ⁄𝑛
𝑥+ vd epWTf. 1+ ( ) (1+ )
𝑛 𝑝+𝑞 𝑝+𝑞
2 = 1 𝑝−𝑞 = 1 ( ∵ 1 + 𝑛𝑥+. . = (1 + 𝑥)𝑛 )
1− ( ) 𝑝−𝑞 ⁄𝑛
𝑛(𝑛−1) 𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2) 𝑛 𝑝+𝑞 (1− )
(1 − 𝑥)𝑛 = 1 − 𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 + ⋯ 𝑝+𝑞
2! 3! 1 1 1
(𝑝+𝑞+𝑝−𝑞) ⁄𝑛 (𝑝+𝑞) ⁄𝑛 (2𝑝) ⁄𝑛
𝑛(𝑛+1) 𝑛(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2) = 1 × 1⁄ = 1
(1 + 𝑥)−𝑛 = 1 − 𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥2 − 𝑥3 + ⋯ (𝑝+𝑞) ⁄𝑛 (𝑝+𝑞−𝑝+𝑞) 𝑛 (2𝑞) ⁄𝑛
2! 3!

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7.mzpfSk; mzpf;NfhitfSk;.

|𝐴| −d; Kjd;ik %iytpl;l cWg;Gfspd; gb = 5 = 2𝑝𝑞𝑟(𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟)3

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| 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑐𝑎 𝑐 2 𝑎2 | | 1 1+𝑏 1 | 𝒙𝟒 My; tFgLk; vd epWTf.

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19. 𝟕 − 𝟒√𝟑 –d; th;f;f%yk; fhz;f.

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fhz;f. (𝑛 + 1)𝐶1 82 + (𝑛 + 1)𝐶2 83 +. . +8𝑛+1 𝑟+1 ⁄(𝑛−𝑟−1)!(𝑟+1)!

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Xi New Important 5 Mark Q&A.kalvichudar

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