MATH05 PT2 Reviewer

I. Differentiate the following function using the increment method.

1. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 10; 𝑦′
2. 𝑦 = √2𝑥 + 3; y’
𝑥+1
3. 𝑦 = 2𝑥+5 ; 𝑦′
II. Differentiate the following using the differentiation formula.
1. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 8 − 5𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 − 10 ;
Find
a. 𝒚′ ;
b. 𝒚(𝟏𝟎𝟎)
4𝑥 2
2. 𝑦 = ; 𝒚′
5𝑥+8
5
3. 𝑦 = √𝑥 2
+ 4 ; 𝒚′
4. 𝑦 = (5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 2)3 ; 𝒚′
5. 𝑦 = (5𝑥 + 1)4 (3𝑥 + 7)2; 𝒚′
(5𝑥+3)3
6. 𝑦 = (2𝑥−1)2

III. Differentiate the following using the implicit differentiation.

1. 𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 = 1; 𝒚 ′′

2. 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 3 + 3𝑥 = 𝑦; 𝒚′
 MATH05 PT2 Reviewer Solutions

I. Differentiate the following function using the increment method.

1. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 10; 𝑦′
Substitute 𝑦 + ∆𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 + ∆𝑥 𝑡𝑜 𝑥
𝑦 + ∆𝑦 = 3(𝑥 + ∆𝑥 ) + 10
Isolate the ∆𝑦
∆𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 3∆𝑥 + 10 − 𝑦
∆𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 3∆𝑥 + 10 − (3𝑥 + 10)
∆𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 3∆𝑥 + 10 − 3𝑥 − 10
Divide both sides by ∆𝑥
∆𝑦 3∆𝑥
=
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
∆𝑥
=3
∆𝑦
Get the limit of both sides as ∆𝑥 approaches to 0
∆𝑦
lim = lim (3)
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0
′
𝒚 =𝟑

2. 𝑦 = √2𝑥 + 3; y’
Substitute 𝑦 + ∆𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 + ∆𝑥 𝑡𝑜 𝑥
𝑦 + ∆𝑦 = √2(𝑥 + ∆𝑥 ) + 3
𝑦 + ∆𝑦 = √2𝑥 + 2∆𝑥 + 3
Isolate the ∆𝑦
∆𝑦 = √2𝑥 + 2∆𝑥 + 3 − 𝑦
∆𝑦 = √2𝑥 + 2∆𝑥 + 3 − √2𝑥 + 3
Divide both sides by ∆𝑥
∆𝑦 √2𝑥+2∆𝑥+3−√2𝑥+3
=
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
Get the limit of both sides as ∆𝑥 approaches to 0
∆𝑦 √2𝑥+2∆𝑥+3−√2𝑥+3 √2𝑥+2∆𝑥+3+√2𝑥+3
lim = lim ( ∗ )
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 √2𝑥+2∆𝑥+3+√2𝑥+3
2𝑥+2∆𝑥+3−(2𝑥+3)
𝑦′ = lim (∆𝑥(√2𝑥+2∆𝑥+3+√2𝑥+3))
∆𝑥→0
2∆𝑥
𝑦′ = lim (∆𝑥(√2𝑥+2∆𝑥+3+√2𝑥+3))
∆𝑥→0
 2
𝑦′ = lim ((√2𝑥+2∆𝑥+3+√2𝑥+3))
∆𝑥→0
2
𝑦′ =
√2𝑥+2(0)+3+√2𝑥+3)
2
𝑦′ =
√2𝑥+3+√2𝑥+3)
2
𝑦′ = 2√2𝑥+3)
𝟏
𝒚′ =
√𝟐𝒙+𝟑)

𝑥+1
3. 𝑦 = 2𝑥+5 ; 𝑦′
Substitute 𝑦 + ∆𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 + ∆𝑥 𝑡𝑜 𝑥
𝑥+∆𝑥+1
𝑦 + ∆𝑦 = 2(𝑥+∆𝑥)+5
𝑥+∆𝑥+1
𝑦 + ∆𝑦 = 2𝑥+2∆𝑥+5
Isolate the ∆𝑦
𝑥+∆𝑥+1
∆𝑦 = 2𝑥+2∆𝑥+5 − 𝑦
𝑥+∆𝑥+1 𝒙+𝟏
∆𝑦 = 2𝑥+2∆𝑥+5 − 𝟐𝒙+𝟓
(𝑥+∆𝑥+1)(2𝑥+5)−(𝑥+1)(2𝑥+2∆𝑥+5)
∆𝑦 = (2𝑥+2∆𝑥+5)(2𝑥+5)
2𝑥 2 +2𝑥∆𝑥+2𝑥+5𝑥+5∆𝑥+5−2𝑥 2 −2𝑥∆𝑥−5𝑥−2𝑥−2∆𝑥−5
∆𝑦 = (2𝑥+2∆𝑥+5)(2𝑥+5)
5∆𝑥−2∆𝑥
∆𝑦 = (2𝑥+2∆𝑥+5)(2𝑥+5)

Divide both sides by ∆𝑥

∆𝑦 5∆𝑥−2∆𝑥
= ∆𝑥(2𝑥+2∆𝑥+5)(2𝑥+5)
∆𝑥
∆𝑦 3∆𝑥
=
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥(2𝑥+2∆𝑥+5)(2𝑥+5)
∆𝑦 3
= (2𝑥+2∆𝑥+5)(2𝑥+5)
∆𝑥

Get the limit of both sides as ∆𝑥 approaches to 0

∆𝑦 3
lim = lim
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 (2𝑥+2∆𝑥+5)(2𝑥+5)
3
𝑦 ′ = (2𝑥+5)(2𝑥+5)
𝟑
𝒚′ = (𝟐𝒙+𝟓)𝟐
II. Differentiate the following using the differentiation formula.
1. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 8 − 5𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 − 10 ;
Find
a. 𝒚′ ;
𝒚′ = 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟕 − 𝟐𝟎𝒙𝟑 + 𝟔𝒙
b. 𝒚(𝟏𝟎𝟎)
𝒚(𝟏𝟎𝟎) = 𝟎

4𝑥 2
2. 𝑦 = 5𝑥+8 ; 𝒚′
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑 𝑢 𝑣( )−𝑣(( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒: 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑣2
Let
𝑢 = 4𝑥 2 𝑣 = 5𝑥 + 8
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= 8𝑥 =5
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(5𝑥+8)(8𝑥)−4𝑥 2 (5)
𝑦′ = (5𝑥+8)2
40𝑥 2 +64𝑥−20𝑥 2
𝑦′ = (5𝑥+8)2
20𝑥 2 +64𝑥
𝑦′ = (5𝑥+8)2
𝟒𝒙(𝟓𝒙+𝟏𝟔)
𝒚′ = (𝟓𝒙+𝟖)𝟐

5
3. 𝑦 = √𝑥 2 + 4 ; 𝒚′
𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑑𝑥 𝑛√𝑢 = 𝑛
𝑛 √𝑢𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑥2 + 4
𝑑𝑢
= 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
′ 1
𝑦 = 5 (2𝑥)
5 √(𝑥 2 +4)4
𝟐𝒙
𝒚′ = 𝟓 𝟒
𝟓 √(𝒙𝟐 +𝟒)

4. 𝑦 = (5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 2)3 ; 𝒚′
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑑𝑥 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛 ∗ 𝑢𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 2
𝑑𝑢
= 10𝑥 + 6
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = 3(5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 2)2(10𝑥 + 6)
′

𝑦 ′ = 3(5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 2)22(5𝑥 + 3)
𝒚′ = 𝟔(𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟐 (𝟓𝒙 + 𝟑)

5. 𝑦 = (5𝑥 + 1)4 (3𝑥 + 7)2; 𝒚′

𝑑 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒: 𝑑𝑥 𝑢𝑣 = 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣 𝑑𝑥
Let
𝑢 = (5𝑥 + 1)4 𝑣 = (3𝑥 + 7)2
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑑𝑥 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛 ∗ 𝑢𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= 4(5𝑥 + 1)3 (5) = 2(3𝑥 + 7)(3)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= 20(5𝑥 + 1)3 = 6(3𝑥 + 7)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦′ = (5𝑥 + 1)4 6(3𝑥 + 7) + (3𝑥 + 7)2 20(5𝑥 + 1)3

𝑦′ = 2(5𝑥 + 1)3 (3𝑥 + 7)[3(5𝑥 + 1) + 10(3𝑥 + 7)]
𝑦′ = 2(5𝑥 + 1)3 (3𝑥 + 7)[15𝑥 + 3 + 30𝑥 + 70]
𝒚′ = 𝟐(𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟑 (𝟑𝒙 + 𝟕)[𝟒𝟓𝒙 + 𝟕𝟑]

(5𝑥+3)3
6. 𝑦 = (2𝑥−1)2

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑 𝑢 𝑣( )−𝑢( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒: 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑣2
Let
𝑢 = (5𝑥 + 3)3 𝑣 = (2𝑥 − 1)2
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛 ∗ 𝑢𝑛−1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= 3(5𝑥 + 3)2 (5) = 2(2𝑥 − 1)(2)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= 15(5𝑥 + 3)2 = 4(2𝑥 − 1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(2𝑥−1)2 (15(5𝑥+3)2 )−(5𝑥+3)3 (4(2𝑥−1))

𝑦′ = ((2𝑥−1)2 )2
Find the GCF( Greatest Common Factor) from numerator
 ′ (2𝑥−1)(5𝑥+3)2 [15(2𝑥−1)−4(5𝑥+3)]
𝑦 = (2𝑥−1)4
(2𝑥−1)(5𝑥+3)2 [30𝑥−15−20𝑥−12]
𝑦′ = (2𝑥−1)4
(2𝑥−1)(5𝑥+3)2 [10𝑥−27]
𝑦′ = (2𝑥−1)4
(𝟓𝒙+𝟑)𝟐 [𝟏𝟎𝒙−𝟐𝟕]
𝒚′ = (𝟐𝒙−𝟏)𝟑

III. Differentiate the following using the implicit differentiation.

1. 𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 = 1; 𝒚 ′′
Use the implicit differentiation.
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎: 𝑑𝑥 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛 ∗ 𝑢𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2𝑥 − 18𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0
Isolate the dy/dx
𝑑𝑦
−18𝑦 = −2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
Divide both sides by -18y
𝑑𝑦
−18𝑦 𝑑𝑥 −2𝑥
= −18𝑦
−18𝑦
𝒅𝒚 𝒙
= 𝟗𝒚
𝒅𝒙

Find the second derivative of the function

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑 𝑢 𝑣( 𝑑𝑥)−𝑢(𝑑𝑥)
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒: 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑣2
Let
𝑢=𝑥 𝑣 = 9𝑦
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
=1 =9
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
𝑑2 𝑦 9𝑦 (1 )−𝑥(9𝑑𝑥)
=
𝑑𝑥 2 (9𝑦)2

𝑑𝑦 𝑥
But 𝑑𝑥 = 9𝑦 ,substitute the value to the function.
𝑥
9𝑦 (1 )−𝑥(9( ))
𝑑2 𝑦 9𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 2 (9𝑦)2
 Cancel the common factor
𝑥
9𝑦 −𝑥(( ))
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 2 (9𝑦)2
Get the LCD
9𝑦2−𝑥2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 2 81𝑦 2
Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of denominator
𝑑2 𝑦 9𝑦 2 −𝑥 2 1
= ∗ 81𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑦
Factor the negative from numerator
𝑑2 𝑦 −(−9𝑦 2 +𝑥 2 )
=
𝑑𝑥 2 81𝑦 3
𝑑2 𝑦 −(𝑥 2 −9𝑦 2 )
=
𝑑𝑥 2 81𝑦 3
But 𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 = 1, substitute the value to the equation
2

𝑑2 𝑦 −(1)
= 81𝑦 3 or
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦 −𝟏
= 𝟖𝟏𝒚𝟑
𝑑𝑥 2

IV. 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 3 + 3𝑥 = 𝑦; 𝒚′
Use the implicit differentiation
𝑑 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒: 𝑑𝑥 𝑢𝑣 = 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑣 𝑑𝑥
Let
𝑢 = 𝑥2 𝑣=𝑦
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑢=𝑥 𝑣 = 𝑦3
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
=1 = 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦(2𝑥 ) + 𝑥 (3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 ) + 𝑦 3 (1) + 3 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥 = −3 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 3
Factor the dy/dx
𝑑𝑦
(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 1) = −3 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 3
𝑑𝑥
Divide both sides by 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 1
𝒅𝒚 −𝟑−𝟐𝒙𝒚−𝒚𝟑
=
𝒅𝒙 𝒙𝟐 +𝟑𝒙𝒚𝟐 −𝟏