1 4

0 0
0 u+0 =u u

0 = 0 + 00 = 00

u+0= u u 0+0 = 0

0 = (0 + 0)
= 0+ 0

1 0=0

2
= = + : = 1

2
= u=( 1 2) v=( 1 2)

u + v = (3 2 +3 2 1 1)

u = (3 2 1)

2
= u=( 1 2) v=( 1 2)

u+v =( 1 + 1 2 + 2)

2 2
u=( 1 2)

2
= u=( 1 2) v=( 1 2)

u+v =( 1 + 1 2 + 2)

u = (5 1 5 2)
 2
= u=( 1 2) v=( 1 2)

u+v =( 1 + 1 2 + 2)

u=( 1 0)

= u=( 1 ) v=( 1 )

u+v =( 1 + 1 + )

u = (0 0)

= ( 1 ) : = =1
u=( 1 ) v=( 1 )

u+v =( 1 + 1 + )

u=( 1 )

= u=( 1 ) v=( 1 )

u+v =( 1 )

u=( 1 )

2
= u=( 1 2) v=( 1 2)

u+v =( 1 1 2 2)

u=( 1 2)

(1 + 1)(u + v)
 2

1 = : e1 + e2 = ( )
2 = : e2 = (0 )

0 1

1 = [ 0] 2 = [ 1]

0 u0 = ( 0 0)
u1 = (0 1)
= [u0 u1 ]
u=( ) 1 = 0

u u0 = (0 0) 0 2

0 = 1

u=( )=( 0 0 + 1) = u0 + u1
= [u0 u1 ]

2
(1 2) (5 0) [(1 2) (5 0)]

= 2( )
2 2
=2 3 +5 = 8+5 2
2 2
= 26+11 +7 = 1+ +

3
=
u1 = (1 1 2) u2 = (3 0 4)
u = (4 5 9) v = (3 1 4) w = ( 1 1 0)
u1 u2
2×2
=
1 1 3 0 1 2
A1 = A2 = A3 =
2 1 4 1 5 2

4 5 3 1 1 1
A= B= C=
9 7 4 4 2 1
A1 A2 A3
 3

3
1 = ( ) : =0
3
2 = ( ) : + = 2 =0
3
3 = ( ) : +2 3 =0

1 2

2 + 3

4
=

= ( ) : +2 2 =0 =0

u = ( 2 4 3 0) v = (6 2 4 1) w =
( 2 1 0 0)
3
=

u1 = (1 1 2) u2 = (3 0 4) u3 = ( 1 1 0)

(4 5 ) [u1 u2 u3 ]

= 3( )

0 =1 1 =1 2 = (1 )2 3 = (1 )3

0 1

2 3

2
u v
u= v

2
= [u] [v]

u1 u
u1 u 1
0
1 u1 + + u =0

u1 u
 u1 u
1

1 u1 + + u =0

=0

1 u1 + + u =0

=1 1 u1 =0 u1 = 0 1
1 1
u =( )u1 + +( )u 1

2
= u1 = (1 1) u2 = (1 1) u3 = (1 0)

1 1
u3 = u1 + u2
2 2

= u=( 1 ) v=( 1 ) u v
= =1

u v w u v w

u+v 2w u v w u+w
u+v 3w u + 3v w v+w

2
u=( ) v=( ) u v
=
2 2
1 2+ +2 2( )

3
u [u] = 1 2

1 = [(1 0 0) (0 1 0)] 2 = [(1 2 3) (1 1 1)]

2
(1 0 ) (1 1 ) 1 1
3
 = ([0 1] )

2
+1 1
2 2
+5 + 10
1
( + 1)2 2 + 2

( + 1)2 2
1 +1
2
1 (1 ) 1
1
sen cos tan

= u1 u
u1 u + u u u 1

= u1 u

= u1 u

= [ ] = [u1 u ]

= [u1 ] [u2 ] [u ]
[ ]=

= 0
3
=

= e1 e2 e3