FLUID PROPERTIES

What is the specific gravity of a

solid sphere with a radius of 0.59 in
and a mass of 0.084 lb?

Ans: 2.704
An oil has a kinematic viscosity of
2
0.000125 m /s and a specific
gravity of 0.80. What is its dynamic
viscosity in kg/m-s?

Ans: 0.1
A 4.9 ft3
of water is compressed to
5000 psig. What is the volume
decrease if the temperature is
60°F? Assume the average bulk
modulus of elasticity is 311,000 psi.

Ans: 0.079 ft3

Two clean, parallel plates,
separated by a distance of 1.5 mm
are dipped in a bath of water. How
far does the water rise due to
capillary action? Assume σ = 0.0730
N/m.
Ans: 19.8 mm
A pressure gage connected to a
tank reads 50 psi at a location
where the barometric reading is
29.1 “Hg. Determine the absolute
pressure in the tank. Take density
3
= 848.4 lbm/ft .
Ans: 64.3 psi
The barometer of a mountain hiker reads
930 mbars at the beginning of a hiking
and 780 mbars at the end. Neglecting the
effect of altitude on local gravitational
acceleration, determine the vertical
distance climbed by the hiker. Assume an
average air density of 1.2 kg/m3.
Ans: 1, 274 m
A barrel contains a 0.15 m
layer of oil floating on water
that is 0.3 m deep. If the
density of the oil is 600
3
kg/m , what is the pressure
(gage) at the oil-water
interface?
Ans: 883 Pa
A multi-fluid container is
connected to a U-tube, as
shown. For the given specific
gravities and fluid column
heights, determine the gage
pressure at A. Also determine
the height of a mercury
column that would create the
same pressure at A.
Ans: 0.471 kPa, 3.53 mm
In the figure, if the oil
in Region B has SG =
0.8 and the absolute
pressure at point A is
1 atm, what is the
absolute pressure at
point B?
Ans: 106.9 kPa
Air at 65°C is inside a container
with a gauge pressure of 40 kPa. If
the container is cylindrical with a
3
volume of 0.64 m , how many
moles of air are there?

Ans: 32
Solve for the specific weight of a
10-kg liquid filling an entire cone
with radius 5 in and slant height 13
in.

Ans: 121.28 lbf/ft3

A tank of molasses (SG = 1.65)
reads a pressure of 7.8 psig at the
bottom. The tank is cylindrical with a
base of 7 meters and a total volume
of 192.45 cubic meters. Find the
distance of the free surface from the
top of the tank.
Ans: 5.50 ft
CONCEPTS
In one dimensional flow, the flow:
A. is steady and uniform
B. takes place in a straight line
C. takes place in a curve
D. takes place in one direction
B
The kinematic viscosity is the:
A. Ratio of absolute viscosity to the density of
the liquid
B. Ratio of density of the liquid to the absolute
viscosity
C. Product of absolute viscosity and density of
the liquid
D. Product of absolute viscosity and mass of
the liquid
A
Slipping causes which of the following
along the pipe walls:
A. Friction
B. Normal stress
C. Torque
D. Power spike
A
Which of the following can vary along the
way for an incompressible fluid flowing in a
pipe of constant diameter?
A. velocity profile
B. mass flow rate
C. average flow velocity
D. density
A
Which of the following is constant for an
incompressible fluid flowing in a pipe with
variable diameter?
A. velocity profile
B. average velocity
C. cross-sectional area
D. mass flow rate
D
What flow is characterized by a
Reynold’s Number lesser than
2300?

Laminar Flow
What do you call a type of flow
where vortices and eddies are
evident?

Turbulent Flow
What flow is characterized by a
Reynold’s Number between 2300
and 4000?

Transitional Flow
It is the region of the pipe where the
velocity profile still develops downstream.
A. Mid region
B. Entry length
C. Vortex region
D. Discharge length

B
For a turbulent flow, the velocity profile is:
A. Parabolic
B. Hyperbolic
C. Random
D. Rectilinear

C
ANALYSIS
If a 0.4-mm thick oil film with a dynamic viscosity of
0.012 Pa-s is applied between a 150-N block and
an inclined surface at 20o, determine the
%reduction in the required force (parallel to the
incline) to move the block upward along the incline
at a constant rate of 80 cm/s. The block has a
cross section of 50 cm by 20 cm and a height of 30
cm. Without the oil film, the coefficient of kinetic
friction between the block and the incline is 0.27.
40%
A tank of water has a gate in its vertical
wall 5 m high and 3 m wide. The top
edge of the gate is 2 m below the
surface. What is the magnitude of the
hydrostatic force on the gate? How far
below the surface is the center of
pressure of the hydrostatic force?
662 kN, 4.96 m
The flow of water from a
reservoir is controlled by a 5-ft
wide L-shaped gate hinged at
point A, as shown. If it is
desired that the gate opens
when the water height is 12 ft,
determine the mass of the
required weight W.

30,888 lbm
A long, solid cylinder of radius 2
ft hinged at point A is used as
an automatic gate, as shown.
When the water level reaches
15 ft, the cylindrical gate opens
by turning about the hinge at
point A. Determine the
hydrostatic force acting on the
cylinder. Assume that the length
of the cylinder is 1 ft.
2518 lbf, 46.1o
What is the
force P required
to keep the gate
from falling if it
is hinged as
shown?
20,218 lbf
CONCEPTS
Which of the following directly affects
shear stress at the pipe wall?
A. Reynold’s number
B. fluid density
C. head loss
D. none of these

B
It is the ratio of inertia force to viscous
force.
A. friction factor
B. loss factor
C. Reynold’s number
D. momentum-flux correction

C
True or False:
For calculation of minor losses, it is more
convenient to express the pressure drop
in fittings, expansion–contraction and at
entry in terms of a length of pipe which
will at that discharge rate lead to the
same pressure drop.
True
The hydrostatic force acts through:
A. center of top edge
B. center of pressure
C. center of gravity of the body
D. geometric center of submerged
portion

B
Which of the following is the center of
buoyancy?
A. centroid of the fluid displaced
B. centroid of the floating body
C. center of pressure
D. metacenter

A
A floating body attains stable equilibrium
if its metacenter is:
A. at the centroid
B. below the centroid
C. anywhere
D. above the centroid

D
Which of the following is a property of an
ideal fluid?
A. frictionless, incompressible
B. obeys Newton's Law of Velocity
C. is similar to gas
D. is very viscous

A
Which of the following is a unit of
kinematic viscosity?
A. poise
B. erg
C. stoke
D. dyne

C
The metacentric height of a body equals the
distance between:
A. the center of gravity and the center of
buoyancy
B. the metacenter and the center of gravity
C. the center of buoyance and the
metacenter
D. none of these
B
Falling drops of water become spheres
due to what?
A. Viscosity
B. Cohesion
C. Adhesion
D. Surface tension

D
A cube of timber 1.25 ft on each side floats
in water as shown. The specific gravity of
the timber is 0.60. Find the submerged
depth of the cube.

0.75 ft
Determine the magnitude and
direction of the force necessary
to hold a concrete cube, 0.300
m on each side, in equilibrium
and completely submerged (a)
in mercury, and (b) in water.
Use SGconcrete = 2.4.
(a) -2.967 kN, (b) 0.3708 kN
Evan weighs 540 N and his body’s volume is
around 0.06 m3. He went to a trip on a beach
with seawater density of 2.025 slugs/ft3. Evan
tried to balance his body horizontally by laying
down on the seawater’s surface and
succeeded after a few tries. During this
balance, solve for the portion of Evan’s body
(in percent by volume) submerged in seawater.
87.90%
SAE 10 oil at 68⁰F (ν = 1.011 x10 -3 2
ft /s)
flows in a 9-in diameter pipe. Find the
maximum velocity for which the flow will
be laminar.

2.70 ft/s
Incompressible steady flow of water
occurs in a tube of constant cross-
section. What is the head loss between
sections A and B? ∆𝑧 is in feet.

38.5 ft
A 60-mm diameter pipe shown in the figure contains
Glycerin at 20oC (ν = 1.1844 x 10-3 m2/s, ρ = 1258
kg/m3) flowing at 8.5 m3/hr. Verify that the flow is
laminar. For the pressure measurements shown, is the
flow ascending or descending? What is the head loss for
these pressures?

26.78 m
A jet plane is being refueled in mid-air by another
plane. The refueling boom enters the aircraft at an
angle of 30o from its flight path. The fuel flow rate
through the boom is 1.5 slugs/sec at a velocity of 100
ft/sec. What additional lift force is necessary to
overcome the increased force on the airplane due to
momentum transfer during refueling?

75 lbf
Thank you!