FORMULATION OF RESEARCH TOPIC

“Integrated Risk Assessment of

Coastal Hazards and Social Vulnerability
– A Case of Prakasam District”

NAKKA SUNNY
2220300151
MEPM – II Year
TITLE
Integrated Risk Assessment of Coastal Hazards and Social Vulnerability - A Case of Prakasam District

NEED FOR THE STUDY

The study addresses the need to assess Prakasam Districts vulnerability to coastal change by integrating social vulnerability and exposure to coastal
hazards, resulting in a comprehensive understanding of the areas at risk and the population affected.

Understanding coastal hazards and social vulnerability helps in developing effective disaster preparedness and response strategies in the District.

Assessing social vulnerability identifies vulnerable communities, allowing for targeted interventions to improve their resilience to coastal hazards.

It helps in the efficient allocation of resources for risk reduction initiatives, with a focus on areas most vulnerable to coastal hazards and with the highest
social vulnerability.

Based on assessments, policies or strategies can be developed to reduce coastal risks and improve community well-being

In the context of Geographical Area Invasion Hotspots

Source: Nature India

Source: Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information (2019)
01
NEED FOR THE STUDY

More than half the U.S. population now lives in coastal counties.

Nearly two-thirds of the world’s population—almost 3.6 billion

people—live on or within 100 miles of a coastline.

Estimates are that in three decades, 6 billion people—that is, nearly 75

percent of the world’s population—will live along coast.
Flooding in Prakasam District
Two-thirds of Southeast Asian cities with populations of 2.5 million or
more are located along coasts

Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Coastal Communities are increasingly vulnerable to these Hazards

As more people live and build on the coasts, the damages from
natural disasters increase dramatically

Source: The National Research Council report From Monsoons to Microbes

Mitigating shore erosion is complex and requires integrated Rises in sea levels can
management plans exacerbate erosion and leave
FMEA estimates that one-quarter of low-lying areas more vulnerable
to severe weather
Creating seamless land-to-sea maps will help scientists understand homes and other structures within 500
feet of the United States’ coastlines
coastal threats
will fall victim to the effects of erosion
over the next several decades

“Integrated Risk Assessment of

Coastal Hazards and Social Vulnerability – A Case of Prakasam District” 02
HYPOTHESIS
Assessing whether the current Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) policies effectively mitigate vulnerability to coastal hazards in Prakasam
District.
RESEARCH GAP
• The previous studies done for large scale so, the study can be improved with micro-level using additional physical and social
vulnerability parameters.

• The results of study show each of suggested methods still cannot solely provide comprehensive and precise information about
the future of various vulnerability aspects.
OBJECTIVES
• To identify the data required for an accurate coastal hazard risk assessment and social vulnerability in the district

• To evaluate various coastal hazards like cyclones, erosion, flood, storm surge and their potential impacts on the district

• To identify the areas that are highly susceptible to coastal hazards and socially vulnerable populations in the district

• To classify CRZ classes by preparing land use and land cover maps for an effective coastal zone management plan

• To improve the resilience to coastal hazards in the socially vulnerable areas

Improving
Identification of Evaluation of Identifying resilience through
Classifying CRZ
Data required Coastal Hazards susceptible areas coastal zone
management

“Integrated Risk Assessment of

Coastal Hazards and Social Vulnerability – A Case of Prakasam District” 03
INTRODUCTION TO CASE AREA

District Profile

▪ Area 14,323 sq km
▪ 4420 sq km of forest area
▪ District has 50 kms coastline
▪ 857 villages
▪ 1 Municipal Corporation and 1
Municipality and 5 Nagar Panchayats
▪ Rural Population 70%
Eastern Coastal Andhra Pradesh Prakasam District ▪ Urban Population 30%
Plain

▪ The multi hazard map of Andhra

Pradesh shows Prakasam District is in
Severe Hazard Zonation.

▪ And the highest number of Hazards

found in the Prakasam District

▪ So there is a need to study how these

Hazards effect the living standards of
the people in the district and to
provide management strategies to
▪ District is a regular victim of multiple cyclones and this district was badly affected by all improve the quality of life and to
major natural disasters regulate developmental activities
▪ The no. of major Tropical cyclones which struck the coastal districts in Andhra Pradesh along the coast
during the period 1891-2002 are 79
“Integrated Risk Assessment of
Coastal Hazards and Social Vulnerability – A Case of Prakasam District” 04
LITERATURE STUDY

Integrated Assessment of Coastal Exposure and Social Vulnerability to Coastal Social Vulnerability and Risk Analysis for Cyclone Hazard
Title of Article Title of Article
Coastal Hazards in East Africa Along the Andhra Pradesh, East Coast of India
Author(s) Caridad Ballesteros, Luciana S. Esteves
Author(s) K. K. Basheer Ahammed, Arvind Chandra Pandey
Journal Details (Name,
Estuaries and Coasts, 2021, Springer Link
Vol, Year, Publisher) Journal Details (Name, Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information 2019, Springer
Vol, Year, Publisher) Link
• To identify the coastal provinces and districts most exposed and
socially vulnerable to coastal hazards;
• To quantify the coastal population (within 5km from the coastline) at • To analyze social vulnerability for cyclones along the coastal
Objective(s) of the
Objective(s) of the higher levels of exposure; Andhra Pradesh using techniques such as remote sensing and
Article
Article • To assess the role of natural habits in reducing exposure to coastal GIS
communities; and
• To discuss how the indices presented here can be used to inform
decision-making aiming to reduce coastal vulnerability Geospatial data including spatial and non-spatial data, cyclone
Data used in the article intensity, population density, population growth, household density,
Administrative boundaries and coastline; transportation accessibility, and accessibility to cyclone shelters
Relief – Topography, Bathymetry;
Data used in the article Wind and wave exposure;
Habitats – Coral reefs, Mangrooves, Seagrasses; • The vulnerability and risk of the coastal villages were calculated
Surge potential; Geormorphology; Population using a combination of social vulnerability (SV) and
• The index of exposure (IE) was calculated using the open source Analysis Done infrastructure vulnerability (IV).
InVEST 3.8 coastal Vulnerability model • Integrated cyclone risk assessment was calculated using hazard
• Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) here is used to support a comparative zone and vulnerability of the location.
analysis of locations across countries
Analysis Done
• Index of Vulnerability to Coastal Change (IVCC), the IVCC is
calculated as the sum of the average SVI of the province’s districts
and the average IE rankings of all data points within the province • The results of the analysis provided baseline information for
boundaries disaster management planning in the study area
• Results show that around 22% of the region’s coastline show high Conclusions • The findings emphasized the need for effective evacuation plans
levels of exposure to coastal hazards and 3.5 million people live and the proximity of cyclone shelters to densely populated areas
within 5 km of these coastlines to ensure the safety of the population during cyclone events
Conclusions
• The integrated assessment with regional coverage presented here
produced layers of information that can be interrogated to inform
risk reduction strategies and decision-making
“Integrated Risk Assessment of
Coastal Hazards and Social Vulnerability – A Case of Prakasam District” 05
LITERATURE STUDY

Coastal flood risk assessment and coastal zone management – case
Title of Article
study of Seberang Perai and Kuantanpekan in Malaysia
Author(s) Jiann Chyuan Ho
Journal Details (Name,
Erasmus Mundus
Vol, Year, Publisher)
• To identify data requirement for an accurate coastal flood risk
study in countries with limited long-term data record.
• To develop a generic approach for coastal flood risk assessment
taking into consideration the impact of sea level rise that could be
refined continuously with more accurate data input
Objective(s) of the
• To facilitate coastal planners and managers in Malaysia in decision
Article
making process by investigating the cost-effectiveness of different
flood management tools using the approach developed above
• To investigate the cost-effectiveness of different flood
management tools in coastal zone development in conjunction
with changes in land use patterns
Elevation data - LiDAR elevation data and SRTM data, sea level rise,
Data used in the article
flood height data, land use and damage values
• Model setup for flood simulation in different scenarios
• Calculation of area at risk of inundation was identified by
overlaying flood maps generated from simulations onto the base
Analysis Done
model
• Using flood management tools and change in land use pattern the
economic viability of these scenarios was measured
• A series of flood maps indicating area at risk of flooding at different
flood heights and the total damage cost was calculated
• In this study the author developed a method to assess the flood
Summary of Conclusions
risk of areas which doesn’t have long term data related to floods
• Finally came up with a strategy that could effectively reduce
coastal flood risk
Assessment and Classification of the Coastal Regulation zone of
Title of Article Bhanvngar District and Digital Elevation modelling of Gujarat state,
India: Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Author(s) Pinak P. Pandya
Journal Details (Name,
City University of New York (CUNY), 2011
Vol, Year, Publisher)
• The main objective of study is to classify CRZ classes by preparing
land use and land cover maps
Objective(s) of the • Prepare Digital Elevation Model for Gujarat state.
Article • To demonstrate how GIS software and high resolution satellite
data (Remote Sensing) can be applied to carrying out these
objectives
Satellite Data – Images obtained from Google Earth and Glovis-USGS
were primarily used for the studies,
Data used in the article Other Data – FCC of Indian Remote Sensing Satellite-1C PAN+LISS-III
merged geo-coded products on 1:25,000 scale are used.
Settlement Map, water body Map, Road network Map
• Using satellite imagery, Secondary and Ground Data LULC maps
Analysis Done were prepared
• Elevation and Slope maps were prepared
• From the results obtained from the LULC, categorization of each
land parcel was which falls under each CRZ zone was identified
and then CRZ distribution in the district were assessed.
• The generated output maps can be used for an effective coastal
Summary of
zone management plan to allow permitted activities or to impose
Conclusions
certain restrictions.
• Generated elevation and slope maps will help the authorities
manage infrastructure and environment around coastal as well as
inland areas

“Integrated Risk Assessment of

Coastal Hazards and Social Vulnerability – A Case of Prakasam District” 06