‫م‬

‫ﻼ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﻹ‬
‫ا‬‫م‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫أ‬‫ﻢ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻴﻂو‬
‫ﺒﺴ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ر‬
‫ﻟﻤﺼﻮ‬
‫ا‬‫ات‬
‫ﺎد‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟﻌ‬‫ا‬
‫ﻘﻪ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺞ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ا‬ ‫م‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟﺼ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﻼ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﻟﺼ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻄ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬

‫م‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻫ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﻢ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻦﺳ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻪ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫‪.‬ﻋ‬
‫د‬

‫أﺣﻛﺎم ﻗﺿﺎء اﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬

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‫‪٥‬‬
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‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳـــــــﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻀﺎء اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻀﺎء اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺮه ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻀﺎء اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎء واﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎر‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺣﻜﻤﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮوط ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﻤﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻀﺎء اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺤﺮم ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻀﺎء اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻀﺎء اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺍﺳـﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻠـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳـﺘﺪﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺣـﺎﻝ ﻗﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺟـﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫‪ .١‬ﺳـﱰ ﺍﻟﻌـﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺱ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻗﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺟـﺔ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﷺ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻦ ﻭ ﹶﻋﻮﺭ ﹺ‬ ‫ﲔ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻋ ﹸ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣـﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺫﻟﻚ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﷺ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺕ ﹶﺑﻨﻲ ﺁ ﹶﺩ ﹶﻡ ﺇﹺﺫﺍ ﹶﺩ ﹶﺧ ﹶﻞ ﹶﺃ ﹶﺣﺪﹸ ﹸﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﲔ ﹺ ﹼ ﹾﹶ‬ ‫ـﱰ ﹶﻣﺎ ﹶﺑ ﹾ ﹶ‬
‫»ﺳ ﹾ ﹸ‬ ‫ﹶ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺎ ﺑﹺ ﹶﺒ ﹾﻮ ﹴﻝ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫»ﺇﹺ ﹶﺫﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹶﺗ ﹾﻴﺘ ﹸﹸﻢ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹶﻐﺎﺋ ﹶﻂ ﹶﻓ ﹶﻼ ﺗ ﹾﹶﺴـ ﹶﺘ ﹾﻘﺒﹺ ﹸﻠﻮﺍ ﺍ ﹾﻟﻘ ﹾﺒ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻭ ﹶﻻ ﺗ ﹾﹶﺴﺘﹶﺪﹾ ﺑﹺ ﹸﺮ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺎﺳ ﹺﻢ ﺍﷲ« )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﱰﻣﺬﻱ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﹺ ﹾ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﹶﻼ ﹶﺀ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﹶﻳ ﹸﻘ ﹶ‬
‫ﴍ ﹸﻗﻮﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻭ ﹶﻏ ﱢﺮ ﹸﺑﻮﺍ« )ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ ﹴ‬
‫ﹶﻭ ﹶﻻ ﹶﻏﺎﺋﻂ‪ ،‬ﹶﻭ ﹶﻟﻜ ﹾﻦ ﹶ ﱢ‬ ‫‪ .٢‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨـﺰﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺇﹺﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳـﺔ ﻟﺜﻮﺑﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺈﹺﻥ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﳾﺀ‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻗﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇ ﱢﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﺟﺘﲈﻋﻬﻢ؛‬ ‫ﱪ ﹾﻳ ﹺ‬
‫ـﻦ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻘ ﹶﺎﻝ‬ ‫ـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲﹺ ﷺ ﹶﻣ ﱠـﺮ ﹶﻋـﲆ ﹶﻗ ﹾ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻏﺴـﻠﻪ؛ ﳌـﺎ ﺛﺒـﺖ ﺃﻥ ﹶﺭ ﹸﺳ ﹶ‬
‫ﹶـﲔ‪ ،‬ﹶﻗﺎ ﹸﻟﻮﺍ‪ :‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻠﻌﺎﻧ ﹺ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮﻟـﻪ ﷺ‪» :‬ﺍ ﱠﺗ ﹸﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟ ﱠﻠ ﱠﻌﺎﻧ ﹾ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺎﻥ ﹺﰲ ﻛﹶﺒﹺ ﹴﲑ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ﱠﻣـﺎ ﹶﻫ ﹶﺬﺍ ﹶﻓﻜ ﹶ‬‫ﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣـﺎ ﻳﻌ ﱠﺬﺑ ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﹶﺎﻥ ﹶﻳﺎ ﹶﺭ ﹸﺳ ﹶ‬
‫ـﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﹶ ﹶ ﱠ‬ ‫ﹶﺎﻥ ﹶﻻ‬ ‫ﷺ‪» :‬ﺇﹺ ﱠﳖﹸ ﹶـﲈ ﹸﻳ ﹶﻌ ﱠﺬ ﹶﺑ ﹶ ﹶ ﹸ ﹶ ﹶ‬
‫ﱠـﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻭ ﹺﰲ ﻇﹺ ﱢﻠ ﹺﻬ ﹾﻢ«‬
‫ﹶﺨ ﱠﲆ ﰲ ﹶﻃ ﹺﺮ ﹺﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻨ ﹺ‬ ‫ـﺎﻝ ﷺ‪ :‬ﺍ ﱠﻟ ﹺﺬﻱ ﹶﻳﺘ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﷲﹺ؟ ﹶﻗ ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶﻳ ﹾﺴ ﹶﺘﻨ ﹺﹾﺰ ﹸﻩ)‪ (١‬ﹺﻣ ﹶﻦ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹶﺒ ﹾﻮ ﹺﻝ« )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫)ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .٣‬ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻨﺠﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﺠﲈﺭ؛ ﳊﺪﻳـﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑـﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺍﻟﺒـﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑـﺖ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳚـﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﻴـﺎﻩ ﺣـﻮﺽ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲﹺ ﷺ ﹶﻳﺪﹾ ﹸﺧ ﹸﻞ ﺍﳋـﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓﺄ ﹾﲪﹺ ﹸﻞ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭ ﹸﻏﻼ ﹲﻡ‬
‫»ﻻ ﻳﺒﻮ ﹶﻟﻦ ﹶﺃﺣﺪﹸ ﻛﹸﻢ ﹺﰲ ﺍ ﹾﹶﳌ ﹺ‬
‫ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﱠ ﹺﺍﺋ ﹺﻢ)‪،(٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﺤﲈﻡ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﷺ‪ :‬ﹶ ﹶ ﹸ ﱠ ﹶ ﹾ‬ ‫ﻴﺴ ﹶﺘﻨ ﹺﹾﺠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﹶﳌﺎﺀ« )ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﺇﹺ ﹶﺩﺍﻭ ﹰﺓ ﻣﻦ ﹶﻣﺎﺀ ﻭ ﹶﻋﻨ ﹶﹶﺰﺓ)‪ (٢‬ﹶﻓ ﹾ‬ ‫ﹾ‬
‫ﹸﺛ ﱠﻢ ﹶﻳ ﹾﻐﺘ ﹺﹶﺴ ﹸﻞ ﹺﻣﻨﹾ ﹸﻪ« )ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﳛﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﳌﺼﺤﻒ ﺇﹺﱃ ﺍﳊﲈﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺰﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﻨﺒﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﺤﺮﺯ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻨﺰﺓ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات اﻟﻤﺼﻮر‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬

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‫اﻟﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﴪﻯ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ اﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ‬

‫اﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻤﲎ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ اﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻕ اﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻀﺎء‬

‫اﻟﺒﻮل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺮاﻛﺪ‬
‫ﺛﺒـﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒـﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛـﺪ ﻳـﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻣـﺮﺽ‬
‫))ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻬﺎﺭﺳـﻴﺎ(( ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﹸﳑ ﹾ ﹺﺮﺽ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﻳﺴـﻤﻰ ﺑـ ))ﻣﻨﺸﻘﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ(( )ﺍﻟﻄﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪» ،‬ﻏﻴﺎﺙ ﺍﻷﲪﺪ«(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﲈﻡ‪» :‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﹺﲏ ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﺑﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﹸ ﹾﺒﺚ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﺒﺎﺋﺚ« )ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺗﻘﺪﻳـﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟـﻞ ﺍﻟﻴـﴪ￯ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺩﺧـﻮﻝ ﺍﳊـﲈﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ‪» :‬ﻏﻔﺮﺍﻧﻚ« )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ(‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات اﻟﻤﺼﻮر‬

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‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺮه ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻀﺎء اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻗﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﳐﺎﻃﺒﺔ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺇﻻ ﳊﺎﺟﺔ؛‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﷺ ﻭﻫـﻮ ﹸ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﹼ‬ ‫ﳊﺪﻳـﺚ ﺍﺑـﻦ ﻋﻤـﺮ ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺴ ﱠﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺮﺩ ﹺ‬
‫ﹶﹸ ﱠ‬ ‫ﹶ‬
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‫ﹺ‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺍﻟﺪﺧـﻮﻝ ﺑﴚﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﴪﻗﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ اﳊﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻣﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻨﺠﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﲈﺭ ﲠﺎ؛‬
‫»ﻻ ﹸﻳ ﹾﻤ ﹺﺴ ﹶﻜ ﱠﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹶﺣﺪﹸ ﻛ ﹾﹸﻢ ﹶﺫﻛ ﹶﹶﺮ ﹸﻩ ﺑﹺ ﹶﻴ ﹺﻤﻴﻨﹺ ﹺﻪ ﹶﻭ ﹸﻫ ﹶﻮ ﹶﻳ ﹸﺒ ﹸ‬
‫ﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﹶﻭ ﹶﻻ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﷺ‪ :‬ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﳋﹶ ﹶﻼ ﹺﺀ ﺑﹺ ﹶﻴ ﹺﻤﻴﻨﹺ ﹺﻪ« )ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﹶﻳﺘ ﹶﹶﻤ ﱠﺴ ﹾﺢ ﹺﻣ ﹶﻦ ﹾ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺍﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻳﴬﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﺗﴬﻩ‬ ‫‪ .٤‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻮﻕ ﻭﺍﳉﺤﻮﺭ؛ ﻟﺌﻼ ﹼ‬

‫ﺩﺧﻮﻝ اﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﴚﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ اﻟﻠﻪ‬

‫اﻟﺒﻮﻝ ﰲ اﳉﺤﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺧﻮﻝ اﳊﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺼﺤﻒ‬

‫ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات اﻟﻤﺼﻮر‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬

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‫أﺣﻜﺎم ﻗﻀﺎء اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺒﻮل ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎ‬
‫‪https://www.al-feqh.com/ar‬‬

‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟـﻞ ﺭﺷـﺎﺵ ﺍﻟﺒـﻮﻝ ﺟـﺎﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒـﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﺋـﲈ؛ ﺫﻟﻚ‬

‫ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪ » :‬ﹶﺃﺗﹶﻰ ﹶﺭ ﹸﺳ ﹸ‬
‫ـﻮﻝ ﺍﷲﹺ ﷺ ﹸﺳ ﹶﺒﺎ ﹶﻃ ﹶﺔ )‪ (١‬ﹶﻗ ﹾﻮ ﹴﻡ‬
‫ﹶﻓ ﹶﺒ ﹶﺎﻝ ﹶﻗ ﹺﺎﺋ ﹰﲈ« )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﺋﲈ ﻣﺒﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺎ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇ ﱠﱄ ﹰ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺬﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻃﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻳﺮﻣﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺳﺎﺥ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻨﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻝ ‪.‬‬

‫‪٣١‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات اﻟﻤﺼﻮر‬

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‫ﻛﺘـــــــــــﺎب اﻟﻄﻬﺎرة‬

‫ﺷﺮوط ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﻤﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎء واﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎر‬

‫ﺃ ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﺎﻫﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺑﻨﺠﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﺢ ﺑﻤﺤﺮﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎء‬
‫ﺝ ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨ ﱢﻈ ﹰﻔﺎ ﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫‪https://www.al-feqh.com/ar‬‬

‫ﻋﻈـﲈ ﻭﻻ ﺭﻭ ﹰﺛـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗـﺎﻝ ﺳـﻠﲈﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﳼ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺩ ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻜـﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻬﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻂ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻭ ﹶﺑ ﹾﻮ ﹴﻝ‪ ،‬ﹶﺃ ﹾﻭ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ‬‫» ﹶﻟ ﹶﻘﺪﹾ ﳖﺎﻧﹶﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﷺ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻧﹶﺴ ﹶﺘ ﹾﻘﺒﹺ ﹶﻞ ﺍ ﹾﻟ ﹺﻘﺒ ﹶﻠ ﹶﺔ ﻟﹺ ﹶﻐ ﹺﺎﺋ ﹴ‬
‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﹾ‬ ‫ﹶﹶ‬
‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹶ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﻧ ﹾﹶﺴـ ﹶﺘﻨ ﹺﹾﺠ ﹶﻲ ﺑﺎ ﹾﻟ ﹶﻴﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﹾﻭ ﺃ ﹾﻥ ﻧ ﹾﹶﺴ ﹶﺘﻨﹾﺠ ﹶﻲ ﺑﺄ ﹶﻗ ﱠﻞ ﻣ ﹾﻦ ﹶﺛ ﹶﻼ ﹶﺛﺔ ﺃ ﹾﺣ ﹶﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﹾﻭ ﺃ ﹾﻥ‬
‫ﹴ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﹺ‬
‫ﻧ ﹾﹶﺴ ﹶﺘﻨ ﹺﹾﺠ ﹶﻲ ﺑﹺ ﹶﺮ ﹺﺟﻴ ﹴﻊ)‪(١‬ﹴ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻭ ﺑﹺ ﹶﻌ ﹾﻈ ﹴﻢ« )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ(‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﹺ‬ ‫ﺇﺯﺍﻟـــﺔ ﺃﺛـــﺮ ﺍﻟﺨـــﺎﺭﺝ ﻣـــﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒـــﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻫــ ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺷـﻴ ﹰﺌﺎ ﳏﱰ ﹰﻣـﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﻄﻌـﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻛﹸﺘ ﹶ‬
‫ﳾ ﹲﺀ ﳏﱰﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳑـﺎ ﳚـﻮﺯ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﺠﲈﺭ ﺑـﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﺠـﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫـﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺩﻳـﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﲈﺵ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎء واﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎر‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺙ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﴩﻉ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻨﺠﺎﺀ؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺑـﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪ ‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ‪» :‬ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺄﲪﹺ ﹸﻞ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭ ﹸﻏﻼ ﹲﻡ ﻧ ﹾﹶﺤﻮﻱ ﺇﹺﺩﺍﻭ ﹰﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﷺ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳋﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﹾ‬
‫ﹶﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﻨ ﹶﹶﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﹶﻓ ﹶﻴ ﹾﺴ ﹶﺘﻨ ﹺﹾﺠﻲ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ« )ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﺠﲈﺭ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺑﴩﻃﲔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌـﺪ￯ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺎﺩ ﳋﺮﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﲈﻝ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﲈﺭ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﺴﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﺼﺎﻋﺪﹰ ﺍ؛ ﺣﺘﻰ ﳛﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻘ ﹸﺒﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎء واﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎر‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ‪.‬‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎﺩﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺭﻕ ﳏﱰﻡ‬

‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬
‫• ﻻ ﹸﻳﺴﺘﻨﺠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎﺀ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﲈﺭ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻘﻰ ﻭﺃﻃﻬﺮ‪.‬‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻤﺎﺵ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺠﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻈﻢ‬

‫ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات اﻟﻤﺼﻮر‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬

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‫أﺣﻜﺎم ﻗﻀﺎء اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫‪https://www.al-feqh.com/ar‬‬

‫اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺠﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‬

‫»ﻻ‬ ‫ﻻ ﳚـﻮﺯ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻨﺠﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻴـﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ؛ ﻟﻘـﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺒـﻲ ﷺ‪ :‬ﹶ‬
‫ـﺢ ﹺﻣ ﹶﻦ‬
‫ﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﹶﻭ ﹶﻻ ﹶﻳﺘ ﹶﹶﻤ ﱠﺴ ﹾ‬
‫ـﻮ ﹶﻳ ﹸﺒ ﹸ‬ ‫ﹺ ﹺﹺ‬
‫ﹶـﺮ ﹸﻩ ﺑﹺ ﹶﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﹶﻭ ﹸﻫ ﹶ‬ ‫ﹸﻳ ﹾﻤﺴـ ﹶﻜ ﱠﻦ ﹶﺃ ﹶﺣﺪﹸ ﻛ ﹾ‬
‫ﹸـﻢ ﹶﺫﻛ ﹶ‬
‫ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﳋﹶ ﹶﻼ ﹺﺀ ﺑﹺ ﹶﻴ ﹺﻤﻴﻨﹺ ﹺﻪ« )ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ(‪.‬‬
‫ﹾ‬

‫‪٣٣‬‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻪ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات اﻟﻤﺼﻮر‬