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Author Name Sridhar

Title Fabrication and Evaluating Mechanical Propertie..
Paper/Submission ID 751952
Submission Date 2023-05-24 14:13:46
Total Pages 7
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1 An evaluation of polymer composites for car bumper beam by Osokoya- Publication

2017 19

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etd.aau.edu.et 8

3 ijrretas.com Internet Data

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4 TiO2carbon dots decorated reduced graphene oxide composites from Publication

waste car bump by Mohamed-2020 5

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6 Characterisation of Used PP-Based Car Bumpers and Their Recycling Publication

Prop by Luda-2013 3

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10 Mechanical Properties of Hybrid GlassCarbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Publication

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1 m s ramaiah institute of technology

2 msrit

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 Fabrication and Evaluating M2 echanical Properties of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced
Composites

ABSTRACT
Sridhar B.S1, Malluri Indrasena Reddy2, Shreya sunil2, Prabhu Ashish2, Bhavani Yadav2
1, 2 Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology,
Bangalore-54
Corresponding Author: sridharbs@msrit.edu

Over decades’ the composite materials, have grown at a very steady rate due to which they are
penetrating steadily and conquering the existing markets relentlessly. Of them, Modern composite
materials in the materials world reaching new heights by stepping a strong foot into every single
market available which ranges from a simple product that is used every day to an ultimately
sophisticated material. Efforts are made to comprehend the demands of the ever-expanding natural
composite business by analysing the current literature on various natural fibre-based composites. The
inference made from this is that by successfully fusing vegetable natural fibres with polymer matrices,
the mechanical characteristics of the composite have improved in comparison to the matrix material.
These filters are affordable, non-toxic, and simple to recycle. They may be found in renewable sources.
Furthermore, because to their low density and despite their poor strength, they may produce
composites with high specific strengths. Thus, the preparation of polymer matrix composites
employing bagasse fibre as a reinforcing material is the main goal of this work. The surface of the
matrix and fibres is modified to increase the interfacial strength.

Keywords: Bamboo, Glass fibre, Epoxy resin

INTRODUCTION
An automobile 3bumper is the structural front-
most or rear-most part, designed to allow the
car to sustain an impact without damage to the
vehicle's safety systems.The1
choice of
materials for vehicle components is one of the
most important design parameters
automotive manufacturing. The type
material used has significant effects on the
overall attractiveness of a vehicle which
includes the aesthetics, cost, performance,
emission levels and fuel economy.
For vehicle manufacturers, weight is a very
important factor in choosing materials for
automotive components as it affects many other
attributes, so active measures are recurrently
taken to utilize lightweight materials for car
components as much as possible.
Cost, however, is an important factor which is
also taken into consideration in material
selection. Conversely, most lightweight
materials such as aluminium, magnesium, and
carbon fibres are more expensive than heavier
materials such as steel and cast iron for
reasons including abundance and ease of
fabrication.
In the decision-making process of the
design, compromise is often met to balance
both cost and weight requirements. According
to the US Department of Energy (2010), the
1
composition of steel in car components was
about 75% in 1977 which reduced to 65% in
2010 due to an increase in polymers and
composites used mostly for interior
components.To achieve the goal of reducing
fuel consumption of new vehicles by a factor
in
of two by 2035 the US Department of Energy
of
believes that the use of more lightweight
materials such as aluminium, magnesium and
polymer/composites will be required to push
the composition of steel further down to 20%
by 2035.
Although aluminium is considered as the
most common car material for lightweight
purposes, plastics are much lighter but are
rarely used for structural components because
of their lower mechanical properties
compared to metals.
Yet, with the right amount of reinforcement,
natural fibre-based composites may rival the
mechanical qualities of steel and aluminium
while remaining lightweight, including great
strength and durability.
Unlike ordinary plastics, natural fibre-based
composites are useful for Vehicle bumpers
because of their reinforcements and therefore,
have a major role to play in reducing vehicle
weight and fuel consumption by replacing
many steel components. This Project
evaluates the use of some natural fibre-based
 composites as alternatives to the regular 4
waste car bumper through an economical
materials used for car bumpers.
thermal decomposition creating novel active
carbon based nanomaterial.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Olorunnishola, A.A.G. and Adubi E.G have
8
6 tried handlings of natural fibers in automotive
M. P. Luda ,V. Brunella explained about the
exterior and interior components are essential
used PP-based car bumpers are tested by many
to recover eco-efficiency and reewability.
methods. Polypropene(PP) , is
8 Natural fibers have recently become affordable
a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety
to automotive industry as an alternative
of applications. It is produced via chain-growth
6 reinforcement for glass fiber reinforced
. 7
polymerization from the monomer propylene. thermoplastics. The natural fibers have some
They show different impact and static and
advantages over traditional reinforcement
dynamic mechanical properties depending on
materials such as synthetic glass fiber in terms
their composition and morphology. It appears
of cost, density, renewability, recyclability,
that block copolymer compatibilizers
abrasiveness and biodegradability. In modern
constituted by polyethylene-polypropylene
years the overblown prices for plastics can be
sequences allow a better compatibility
reduced by adding natural fibers to
between the rubber domains and the PP matrix
thermoplastics which provides both cost
leading
reduction and weight reduction.
to relatively high impact resistance.
Olumide Osokoya discussed about polymers
4
Hanan H. Mohamed discussed about the 1
with unique property’s like low weight and
upcycling waste car bumper to value added
flexibility. Their mechanical properties however
carbon based nanomaterials has been achieved
through facile catalytic pyrolysis. As are not adequate for many engineering
synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles has been used
applications. In addition to weight reduction, some
for the first time as catalyst during pyrolysis
polymer composites offer other benefits such as
process of the plastic waste. The quality and the
drag reduction, good electrical and thermal
performance of the produced carbon properties which are also desirable for automotive
nanomaterials have been evaluated through
applications. It therefore holds great promise of
different characterization techniques. This
replacing steel for bumper beams and many other
innovative approach can be utilized
structural components of a vehicle on the road to
to create various carbon nanocomposites
achieving more reduction in fuel consumption by
utilizing metal oxides as catalyst and different
light-weighting.
plastic waste system as a carbon resource.
P. Ragupathi enhanced about the enhancement
nanoparticles were introduced as a catalyst for the
of impact strength of the material that’s made of
upcycling of the

natural fiber of jute with help of the Epoxy resin,
Hardener, Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVA) . The
thickness of the composite bumper is developed
by applying a series of jute fiber layers and liquid
resin layers. Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVA) which acts
as a releasing agent, is applied to the mould. the
bumper made from jute fibre composite possesses
11
increased impact strength when compared with the
bumper made from steel. Also the cost and weight
of the jute fibre composite bumper are less when
compared with the bumper made from steel. This
indicates a clear advantage of using jute fibre
composite bumper as a replacement for steel
bumper. The scope also can be extended by
utilizing other natural fibers to develop composite
materials for engineering applications.
Hosseinzadehetal studied the structure, shape,
5
and impact condition of glass mat thermoplastic
(GMT) bumper by using LS-DYNA pre solver
3
and the results are compared with conventional
metals like steel and aluminium. GMT showed
5
very good impact behavior compared with steel
and aluminum, which all failed and showed
manufacturing difficulties due to strengthening
ribs or weight increase due to use more dense
materials.[3] 2. Bautistaeta studied the different
impact standards and for the specific material they
optimized the shape of bumper beam by
performing the software simulation.
They also studied the effect of metallic energy
absorber in bumper system. Maximum stress and
deformation were used as design criteria. They have
complied
5
many international standards for bumper beam
design. [4]
3 scusses
Mohapatra S di thatautomotive
development cycles are getting shorter by the day.
With increasing competition in the marketplace,
the OEM’s and suppliers main challenge is to
come up with time efficient design solutions.
3
Researchers are trying to improve many of
existing designs using novel approaches. Many
times there is conflicting performance and cost
requirements, this puts additional challenge with
R&D units to come up with a number of
alternative design solutions in less time and cost
compared to existing designs. These best solutions
are best achieved in a CAE environment using
some of the modern CAD and FEM tools. Such
tools are capable of effecting quick changes in the
design within virtual environment. [5]
PROBLEM DEFINITION
The search for a material that can replace the
existing car bumpers by lowering vehicle
weight, fuel usage, production costs, and
boosting the material's strength and capacity
to be recycled by green manufacturing.
III. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
Hand Lay Up Method:
13
Fig-1 shows Hand lay-up method it is one of
the common methods of manufacturing
fiberglass composites. A release agent,
usually in either wax or liquid form, is
applied to the chosen mold.
 Epoxy and Hardener:
The hardener used in this investigation is
HY95, while the epoxy resin used is LY556.
LY556 Epoxy/HY951 Hardener (Room
Temperature Cure Type): HY951 is an
aliphatic primary amine, namely Triethylene
Tetramine, and LY556 is a functional epoxy
resin matrix, namely Diglycidyl Ether of
Bisphenol-A. The weight-to-weight ratio is
ten is to one. Epoxy adhesives are a key
Fig-1: Hand layup Technique
component of the engineering adhesives
a)Material selection: category. These maximum performance
adhesives are utilised in manufacture of
As we have seen from different literature 2
aircrafts, vehicles, cycles, and snowboards, as
bamboo fibre has better mechanical properties
well as other applications requiring strong
as compared with other natural fibres.
9 connections. Epoxy resin adhesives may be
Therefore, using this plant fibre a
made to suit for any application. Epoxy
reinforcement in composite materials for
adhesives that are cured within room
different structural components by replacing
temperature.
the currently used conventional materials will
have competitive advantages. In this analysis, Glass Fiber:
2
the bamboo fibre/epoxy composite materials Glass fiber, also known as fiberglass, is a
with a considerable composition are used as 10
synthetic material made from very fine
the materials of bumper panel of an of glass. These fibers are typically woven
automotive. together to create a fabric-like material that is
Bamboo fibers: then used for a variety of applications,
From the fact that, the availability of large including insulation, reinforcement in
amount of bamboo plant resources in India composite materials, and in the construction
attracts for the relying on this plant for of various consumer and industrial products.
different studies in the past. Especially the Glass fiber is known for its strength,
highland bamboo species is given more focus 2
durability, andresistanceto
heat and
from the researchers and it is suitable for chemicals. It is often used in applications
different applications. where other materials, such as steel or
aluminum, would be too heavy or costly
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Impact test:
A drop load impact test is a type of test used
to evaluate the ability of a material or
14
product to withstand impacts and shocks that
might occur during use or transportation.
This test involves dropping a heavy weight
or load onto the material or product and Fig-3: Comparative results
measuring its response.

Fig 3 represents the comparative statmen of

three different materials, wherein bamboo
materials seems to have better impact
strength

Tensile strength

Fig-2: Specimen at point of impact

Table 1 : Impact Energy

Indenter
Velocity Impact Energy
weight during (Joules)(kgm^2/s^2)
(Kilograms) Impact
(m/s) Cost Comparison

3.6 1.9798 7.0560

11
From the table 1 the impact strength of
specimen is found to be 7.0560 which is better
than other materials

Fig 5: Weight Comparisons

Comparitive impact analysis of various Fig 5 represents the comparative statement

Composites of three different materials, wherein
bamboo
materials seems to have lesser price for composite material to offer more strength and
manufacturing
better mechanical properties.

References:
Weight Comparison

Flexural Strength comparison

Conclusion: The goal of this article is to

manufacture and structurally evaluate
specimens of bamboo core with a natural
Areca fibre laminate face sheet. The material
will be analysed and tested for key
mechanical properties like tensile and flexural
strength which are important for increased
safety of automobiles as well as increasing
fuel efficiency of the automobile. The results
will be compared with the materials currently
being used in the automobile industry for
safety grilles and bumpers, expecting the