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Author Name Rashi Gupta

Title Analysis and Interpretation of financial statem..
Paper/Submission ID 591955
Submission Date 2022-08-01 11:48:45
Total Pages 45
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SUMMER INTERNSHIP
ON
Analysis and Interpretation of financial statement of organization and Trading
By
Rashi Gupta
A0101921224
MBA Gen Class of 2023
24
Under the Supervision of
Dr. Vinamra Jain
29
In Parital Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Business
Administration - MBA Gen
At
19
AMITY BUSINESS SCHOOL
24
AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH
SECTOR -125, NOIDA 201303, UTTAR PRADESH , INDIA
 A REPORT

ON

Analysis and Interpretation of financial statement of organization and Trading

By
Rashi Gupta

A0101921224

13
ADROIT Financial Services Pvt. Ltd.

10 28
A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the MBA Program of Amity
University, Noida.

2021-2023

Company Guide: FacultyMentor:

Mr. Kapil Bhardwaj (V.P.) Dr. Vinamra Jain

AUTHORISATION

14
This is to certify that the project work Analysis and Interpretation of financial
statement of organization and Trading

It is a good record of research work done by RASHI GUPTA, A0101921224 in partial

11
fulfilment of the requirement of MBA the Program Amity University, Noida. This was
13
carried out from 20thJune, 2022, to 24th July 2022 ADROIT Financial Services Pvt. Ltd.
Adroit 4th floor Angel mega mall Kaushambi Ghaziabad up 201010 .
CERTIFICATE OF THE INTERNSHIP
DECLARATION
15
I, Rashi gupta student of MBA (Gen)in , Amity University Noida hereby declare that
I have completed the Internship (NTCC) Report on the topic Analysis and Interpretation
of Financial Statement of Organization and Trading.
28 11
in partial fullfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
MBA.(Internship). I declare that it is an original work and has not been submitted so
43
far in part or in full, for the award of any other degree or diploma of any University or
Institution.

Rashi Gupta

A0101921224

Amity University Noida

Amity Business School (A.B.S.)
CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
4
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Dr. Vinamra jain who
gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic Analysis and
Interpretation of Financial Statement of Organization and Trading. , which also helped me in doing a lot
of Research and ,I came to know about so many new things I am really thankful to them.
33
Secondly i would also like to thank my parents and friends and the industry guide Kapil
4
Bhardwaj who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame.

Submitted by :Rashi gupta

Enrollment number: A0101921224Amity University Noida

ABS

20/06/2022 - 24/07/2022

Certificate of Supervisor
This NTCC Internship report titled in Analysis and Interpretation of Financial
Statement of Organization and Trading

is submitted in Amity Business School by Rashi Gupta, Enrollment No

24 14
A0101921224, of Amity Business School, Amity University Noida, in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MBA,
11
Internship Programme this is an original work and has not been submitted

so far in part or full, for the award of any other degree or diploma of any

University or Institution.

Kapil Bhardwaj

(Vice president of Adroit Financial Services pvt.ltd.)

TABLE OF CONTENT

S No. Topic Page no.

Abstract 10

1 Introduction About the company 11-19

2 Literature Review 20-23

3 Research Methodology 24-26

4 Data Analysis 27-35

5 Findings 36

6 Conclusions and Recommendations 37-38

7 ANNEXURE 43 , 44
Fig1.3 , 1.4
ABSTRACT
12
Stock market forecasting has long piqued the interest of many analysts and academics. Making predictions regarding the
5
stock market is commonly believed to be a fool's errand. It is already challenging to estimate stock values due to the large
number of variables involved. It is possible to forecast market movements over a longer time period because the market
12 5 8
operates like a voting machine in the short term but like a weighing machine in the long run. The use of machine learning
techniques and other algorithms for stock price analysis and forecasting is a promising area. We first provide a succinct
summary of the stock markets in this essay.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
7 4 47
A stock market is generally seen as one of the most important indicators of the strength and progress of a country's
4
economy. Participants in the stock market frequently depart from their true price by costs. On the other hand, financial
economists maintain that financial markets are efficient, giving rise to the efficient market theory.
21
A stock market, also known as an equity market or share market, is a collection of individuals who buy and sell stocks,
also known as shares, which represent ownership stakes in corporations. These securities may be listed on public stock
exchanges or only traded privately, such as shares of private companies that are offered to investors through equity crowd
18
funding platforms. The most frequent type of investment is in the stock market.

HISTORY OF THE STOCK MARKET

44 51 20
Since its founding 200 years ago, the New York Stock Market (NYSE) has grown to become the biggest and oldest stock
exchange in the world as well as the main stock exchange in India. The Bombay Stock Market was established 125 years
ago, and in 1860 it began a non-profit organisation with no ulterior motives. As it expands, 60 companies join the
exchange. India's share fever had only begun when the American Civil War began. At that time, the US stopped shipping
cotton to Europe. There were 250 more individuals present when the merchants died. When the Native Share and
Stockbrokers Union (NSSB) was established in 1895, the exchange market designated a place in a lane for the future
Dalal Street.

STOCK
A stock is also referred to as "shares" or "equity." It is a type of security that denotes ownership of the business and entails
a claim to a portion of its assets and profits. Typically, ownership of common stock allows the bearer to dividend
payments and voting rights at shareholders' meetings.

TYPES OF STOCKS
Investors have very distinct investing horizons and very different goals, such as growth or monetary gain. As a result,
people look for stocks with the characteristics they are looking for. Stocks are grouped according to their investment
23
qualities to suit this desire. The following list includes the most popular classes.

Blue-Chip Stocks: Valuable stocks are those of large, dependable companies with a long history of consistent profitability
31
and dividend payments. Examples of such companies include General Electric, IBM, Microsoft, and Pfizer, as well as the
41
stocks that make up the Dow-Jones Industrial Average. Due to their enormous size, these companies have very little
7
possibility for a high rate, therefore the majority of their recovery comes in the form of dividends. However, if these
stocks are purchased in a highly competitive securities market after stock prices have fallen generally, capital gains will be
realized from them.
21 7
Income Stocks: Financial gain stocks produce the majority of their returns in the form of dividends, therefore the
dividends, unlike preferred share dividends or bond interest payments, will frequently continue to increase year after year
as long as the firms' earnings continue to increase. These companies have a high dividend pay-out magnitude relation
because there aren't many options for internal cash speculation that may produce a higher return on stockholder equity. As
a result, several of those organisations, like General Electric, are already enormously large and regarded as significant
companies.
Cyclical Stock : These stocks move in opposite directions with the economic cycles, rising sharply when the economy is
expanding and falling when it is contracting. Most of such enterprises offer pricey items, like cars and residences, or
capital instruments for businesses. customers. Alcoa, Caterpillar, and Brunswick are a few examples. Sell these stocks
after the cycle peaks since the best time to buy them is when they are fluctuating very cheaply.

Defensive stocks : Companies that are immune to economic fluctuations and should even benefit from them issue
defensive stocks. Once consumers and businesses have spent their money, some other businesses make money, either
because they know how to cut prices or because they demand historically low pricing.
21
Growth stocks : Growth stocks are shares of companies that invest the majority of their earnings back into their operations
7
because they believe that doing so will result in a higher return on shareholders' equity and, ultimately, a higher return for
26
stockholders in the form of capital gains than if the money were distributed as dividends. These companies typically have
high P/E ratios because investors anticipate rapid growth in the near future. Be aware, though, that growth stocks carry
risk. If a growth-oriented company's growth is slower than anticipated, the P/E ratio will drop as a result of investors
downgrading the company's future prospects. Consequently, even when earnings are constant, stock value may decrease

Tech stocks, often known as school stocks, are the shares of technology companies that produce laptop tools,
communication tools, and other technological gadgets. A data system lists the majority of school stocks. The majority of
school firms' stocks are regarded as speculative or stock, however some, like Intel or Microsoft, are valued. However,
40
there is a real risk for educational businesses since research and development activities are hard to predict, and as
technology is always changing, this will quickly change the fortunes of many businesses, especially when an old product
is replaced by a new one..

MEANING OF THE STOCK MARKET

"Stock exchange" is made from of the words "stock" and "exchange." Stock refers to a portion of an organization's capital.
And exchange refers to the transfer or exchange of ownership. It is a chance for buying and selling in business. We can
35
refer to the stock market in a systematic way as a market or a location where various types of securities are bought and
sold. Stock market securities include .

 Share
 Derivatives
 Bonds

MAJOR STOCK EXCHANGES ARE

NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE (NSE):

13 1
By equity market volume, the national stock exchange of India limited is the top stock exchange globally in 2015. It began
18
operations in 1994 and has risen to become one of the largest
45
The Indian stock market is heavily dependent on SEBI for its daily transactions, equities market, and annual reports from
the previous year. NSE was founded as a financial organization of India and was operating as a stock payment firm when
42
it began to provide excellent services to investors from all over the world and across national borders.
BOMBAY STOCK EXCHANGE (BSE):
The oldest stock exchange in Asia is the Bombay Stock Exchange, which was founded in 1875. Since it has been a
4
prominent exchange in India for the past 140 years, the BSE has contributed to the development of the country's industrial
sectors by generating money. It is the world's stock exchange with the fastest rate of growth. Additionally, in 1875, the
native share and stockbroker's association was founded. Singapore Exchange and Deutsche Bourse are two of the top
international exchanges that make up BSE. BSE offers investors a precise and trustworthy market, giving them a good
market platform to increase their return on investment. Additionally, it offers investors in the equity market, derivatives
market, mutual fund industry, and other markets a good market platform.

SECURITIES EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA (SEBI):

The Indian Securities Exchange Board regulates the country's securities market. It was created in 1988 and granted legal
status on April 12, 1992. based on the SEBI Act of 1992.

The SEBI must be reachable by market intermediaries and securities investors. If SEBI discovers any corruption in the
exchange activities, SEBI has the power to order and investigate the books of accounts of the exchanges and to revoke the
registration of the intermediaries. SEBI alone cleared all regulations. The securities market is entirely under the control of
SEBI.

COMPANY PROFILE
ADROIT Financial Services Pvt. Ltd.
1
It's one of the India's leading financial market services company . There is a boquey of capital markets services building
including securities .

Adroit Financial Services Pvt. Ltd. (Adroit) is one of India's leading financial market services company, providing
a bouquet of capital market services including securities broking, advisory, depository, equity research, derivative,
commodity trading, currency futures and IPO distribution. We offer the aforementioned services via our on-line
and off-line distribution channels. Our strong base of partnered business associates, arbitrageurs, and online
trading mechanism ensures premium quality service to our clients through various branches spread across India.

“Building lifelong relationships rooted in performance and trust”

Founded in 1994, the group focuses on staying relevant within an industry that is constantly evolving. Under the
guidance of its founder, the group rapidly expanded its footprints across 250 locations in India with almost 1000
professionals serving more than 50,000 clients, including HNIs, institutions, corporations, individuals, and
families.

The group's philosophy is entirely client centric, with a clear focus on providing long-term value addition to its
clients. We strongly believe in maintaining highest standards of excellence, ethics, and professionalism along with
research-based value investing and implementation of cutting-edge technology. Adroit was among the top 10
volume drivers in BSE cash segment in the year 2008-2009.
We currently hold membership of National Stock Exchange of India Ltd. (NSE), Bombay Stock Exchange of India
Ltd. (BSE), National Commodities and Derivatives Exchange Ltd. (NCDEX), Multi Commodity Exchange of
India Ltd. (MCX), NSE-SX, MCX-SX, National Securities Depository Ltd. (NSDL), and Central Depository
Services Ltd. (CDSL).
The Strength of the company is

1. Quality Research

2. Large Presence
3. Robust Technology

4. Team Work

The core values of the company is

Client Attention
10
At Adroit, we work hard to establish enduring relationships with our clients by acting ethically and discreetly. Adroit has
always put the needs of the customer first, putting those needs ahead of our own. In order to give our clients the solid
capability to meet significant and quickly expanding market opportunities, we work directly with them.

Orientation to Execution

Adroit is dedicated to providing top-notch results with our knowledgeable team of experts who are ideas-driven. Our
greatest asset is our team, and we constantly strive to outperform client expectations.

Culture

We at Adroit have fostered a "One-Team" mentality. We provide a creative, supportive, and considerate culture. Our
merit-based and goal-oriented methodology promotes

Adroit Financial Services Private Limited, sometimes known as "Adroit," is a legitimate member of the National Stock
1
Exchange of India Limited, Metropolitan Stock Exchange Limited, and Bombay Stock Exchange Limited. It is also
classified as a Depository Participant with CDSL and NSDL. Research analyst company Adroit Financial Services Private
Limited is authorized by SEBI.

2014 Adroit or its partners have registered under Registration Number INH100003084 of the SEBI (Research Analyst)
Regulations.

not had their access to the securities market restricted or suspended by SEBI or any regulatory agency. smart or

The company's public offering of securities was not managed or paid for by its associates or analysts.

business that the analyst covered over the previous 12 months.

Introduction
IMPORTANCE OF TRADING
Stock market / Share market
7
The term "stock market" refers to a variety of locations where investors can buy and sell shares of companies that are
publicly traded. Such monetary dealings happen on recognized exchanges and in over-the-counter (OTC) markets that
follow a predetermined set of regulations.

Both "stock market" and "stock exchange" are frequently used synonymously. Traders buy and sell shares of stock on one
or more of the stock exchanges that make up the larger stock market.

Understanding the Stock Market

Buyers and sellers of securities can network, communicate and conduct transactions on the stock exchange.
10
Markets enable the pricing of company stocks and serve as a gauge of the state of the national economy. As
market participants compete in an open market, buyers and sellers can be assured of a fair price, high liquidity and
transparency.
2
How the Stock market works
Stock markets provide a secure and regulated environment where market participants can transact in shares and
other eligible financial instruments with confidence, with zero to low operational risk. Operating under the
defined rules as stated by the regulator, the stock markets act as primary markets and secondary markets

As a primary market, the stock market allows companies to issue and sell their shares to the public for the first
time through the process of an initial public offering (IPO). This activity helps companies raise necessary capital
from investors.

A company divides itself into several shares and sells some of those shares to the public at a price per share.

To facilitate this process,

6
a company needs a marketplace where these shares can be sold and this is achieved by
the stock market. A listed company may also offer new, additional shares through other offerings at a later stage,
32
such as through right issues or follow on offerings. They may even buy back or delist their shares.
23
Investors will own company shares 2
in the expectation that share value will rise or that they will
receive dividend payments or both. The stock exchange acts as a facilitator for this capital-raising process and
receives a fee for its services from the company and its financial partners.
10
Using the stock exchanges, investors can also buy and sell securities they already own in what is called the
7
secondary market.
2 6
The stock market or exchange maintains various market-level and sector-specific indicators, like the S&P
(Standard & Poor’s) 500 index and the Nasdaq 100 index, which provide a measure to track the movement of the
overall markets .
Why is Stock market risky ?

If you are buying the share of any company you are being the co-owner that is you are going to buy the shares ,
If you invest and the company is going into the profit , you will have profit and if the company shows very good
growth then your money will also grow , It's just like you invest in your family member or friends business in
this hope , If the business grows I will get the part of the profit and If it losses then , I will take the loss , and
won't have to give any interest.

Ex. TVS, MRF , WIPRO, EICHER, Definitely its risky and that's why the returns are high.

How much return I can expect ?

25
If we invest in a friend business so who knows if you, invest rupees 10 in the next year you will get 10% profit
or 20% profit or 30% profit it differs a lot it cannot be fixed criteria .

For this there are many shares , in the market which does not grows a single rupee, instead falls and some
grows 4x to 5x times in a single year but it just about 1 share . when you will enter it will not just be one or two
shares

you will invest in a portfolio of stocks , like at least 8-10 companies because if 1-2 companies comes out
bad or drowns still you don't overall lose all of your money that's why is share market we invest in at least 8-10
companies so we get a basket of stocks . you can believe that if you have invested correctly so18%-20% return in
India's high growth company in the long run , which is at least 5 years if you have invested .

How much should I start with the amount of money you are investing in the share market ?

It's more important in which type of shares are you investing and how much consistently then give return

for EG. if you start with 100 per month and every year increase this rupees 1000 by 15%

for the first year 12000

2nd year 1150 increase by 15% , if you are getting 15% return despite that , starting with rupees 1000, after 25
years you will have rupees 1 cr.

Process of share market

Aadhar card , PAN card and bank account are needed after that now a day's all the process is online. Discount
brokers are also there .

The account open in rupees 300 and broker age and commission is zero to none , If you are investing . so
If you are buying and keeping shares and selling them 2-3, days or more then you don't have to give any
commission .

Why stock market has a bad image ?

It's like when we buy a property , does anyone thinks in 4 days the price will be doubled and I will sell it out . So
when we buy property we give time to increase the value . So share market needs time to increase the value of
shares.

TYPES OF STOCK TRADING

Due to the enormous returns it guarantees, stock trading is very popular all over the world. Millions have been
made in stock trading by well-known individuals. This has drawn large numbers of people to this form of income.
Newcomers frequently don't know what kind of stock trading is available. Here is a peek inside the world of
stock trading to help you get started!

Various Stock Trading Styles

Intraday Trading: The full transaction is carried out by the traders in a single day. This is a simple and
20
straightforward way to make money. You benefit from the daytime market volatility. Perfect for people who can
commit to trading full-time.
34
Position trading: Compared to intraday trading, it allows traders greater time for trading. In actuality, you can
keep the stocks for a while. Understanding the price inclination and technical patterns can help you keep the
stocks for longer.

Swing trading :reduces trading risks while allowing you to stay onto equities for longer than a day.

Online trading is the method used to carry out trading activities, to put it simply. Position, swing, day, and
investment trading are just a few of the trading techniques it offers.

Trading on an interim basis The validity of this sort of trading ranges from a day to a few weeks, and it yields
notable results.

Trading in the middle enables you to follow the trend of stop losses and keep the stocks for weeks or even
months.

Long-term Trading: The fundamental analysis determines how long a stock can be held in this segment. Growth
in dividends, bonuses, and firm expansion all contribute to profit.

When starting a trading career, trending analysis and technical sentiments should be taken into account. You
should follow the intraday stock recommendations to get the most of your Endeavour now that you are aware of
the many sorts of stock trading.
KEYWORDS USED IN STOCK MARKET

Buy +
Sell -
Pending Bid F (3)
Order Modify F3 shift + F2
Order Cancel F3 shift + F1
All bids cancel F3 all select + shift F1
All Net position Alt F6
Trade Bought / Sold F8
Best five Buyer and Seller F6
CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW
Numerous empirical studies have been done as a result of the academic and professional community's long-
standing fascination in the subject of whether financial markets promote economic growth. Some of them did,
while others did not see a direct link between financial progress and economic expansion. Studies on the topic
tried to show whether there was any connection between financial development and economic growth as well 50 as
the type and direction of causation, i.e., whether financial sector development promotes economic growth or the
contrary. This article has briefly discussed the various points of view put out by economists discussing the
speculative link between financial innovation and economic expansion.
5
There is also a body of research that indicates no relationship, or only a weak one, between financial development
and economic growth. A weak correlation between financial development and economic growth has been found by
Singh (1997), Narayan and Narayan (2013) in 65 developing countries, Ayadi et al. (2015) in countries of the
northern and southern Mediterranean, Ductor and Grechyna (2015) in 101 developed and developing countries,
Grassa and Gazdar (2014) in 5 GCC countries, and Mhadhbi (2014) in the case of developed countries.
37 46
The causal relationship between financial development and economic growth has also been the subject of
3
numerous studies to determine whether it is unidirectional or bidirectional. Patrick's research is a well-known
example of a study in this field (1966). In the early phases of an economy's growth, he argued, the financial
17
system promotes economic expansion. Economic expansion generates a need for financial sector development as
the nation moves closer to being a developed nation.5 He asserts that depending on a country's stage of
development, there are different causal relationships between financial development and economic growth.
3
According to Patrick (1966), there are two patterns in the17 causal relationship between financial development and
economic growth. These patterns are based on the ideas of Schumpeter (1911) and Robinson (1952). The first is
3
the idea of "Demand Following," which refers to the development of contemporary financial institutions and the
3
provision of their financial assets, liabilities, and other related financial services in response to the demand for
these services from savers and investors in the real economy. The second idea is known as "Supply Leading," and
it refers to the establishment of financial institutions as well as the supply of their financial assets, liabilities, and
related financial services prior to the emergence of demand, particularly that of business owners in the
17
contemporary growth-inducing sectors. It serves two purposes: 1) to shift resources from established (non-
3
growth) sectors to emerging ones 2) to encourage and spark an entrepreneurial reaction in the contemporary
areas. In the early stages of the economy, the supply side The supply-leading qualities of financial development
increasingly deteriorate as economic development moves forward and are finally replaced by demand-following
characteristics of financial development. Because of this, the real estate and finance sectors both grow at the same
time, supporting one another's growth and demonstrating a two-way causal relationship. Berthelemy and
3
Varoudakis (1997), Greenwood and Bruce (1997), and Luintel and Khan (1997) also demonstrated the two-way
relationship between financial development and economic growth (1999).

Comparatively to low income countries, high income countries' financial development has a bigger impact on
economic growth. Financial depth is no longer a significant predictor of long-run growth, according to a fairly
5 27
recent study by Demetriades and Rousseau (2016) on the non-monotonic link between financial development and
economic growth. They further stated that bank regulation and supervision have an impact on the relationship
27
between finance and growth. They believed that a more developed financial sector was not always advantageous
for economic expansion. But a common problem with these research was that the very diverse panels, which
5
included higher, lower, middle, and low-income nations, were used to analyze the non-monotonic link between
financial development and economic growth.
5
Despite the disagreements on the connection between financial development and economic growth, the bulk of
research have taken into account the significance of financial sector development for economic growth.
There is evidence that the development of the stock market and economic growth are positively correlated.
Numerous empirical research, including those by Atje and Jovanovich (1993), Levine and Zervos (1993, 1998),
Rousseau and Wachtel (2000), have demonstrated how stock markets can affect economic growth over the long
term by influencing liquidity, risk diversification, information gathering about companies, corporate governance,
and savings mobilization.
5
Although they did not address the significance of stock market development, banking
sector development, and economic growth in an integrated framework, these studies reveal a substantial positive
27
association between growth rates of real GDP per capita and stock market development..

The following is a list of studies on Indian stock markets. In his book, Gupta (1972) examined the operation of
the Indian stock markets and made a number of recommendations to enhance it. In order to meet the objectives of
liquidity and price stability, he underlined the need to restrict the amount of speculation. To increase liquidity, he
advises listing company shares on multiple stock exchanges concurrently. According to the report, joint stock
sector companies make about 4/5 of listed equities. This demonstrated that investments in securities were no
longer restricted to a specific class or to a small population. It seems to have drawn and won the trust of a sizable
number of people from the lower and middle classes. The investigation also discovered that a sizable part of
funds was used to buy securities that had already been issued. Pyare Lal Singh (1993) demonstrated the primary
market as the constant source of supply of funds by mobilizing savings from various economic sectors, including
households, public and private business sectors, in his paper titled "Indian Capital Market-A Functional
Analysis." In 1992, L.C. Gupta discovered that there was rampant speculation taking place in the Indian stock
markets. The intensely high concentration of market activity in only a few shares served as a reflection of this. He
thought that excessive short-term speculation might result in a "artificial price." An artificial price is one that is
not supported by expected earnings, dividends, financial strength, and assets, or that is established by speculators
through manipulation, rumours, and other means. He believed that sooner or later, a stock market crisis would
result from such inflated prices. Amanulla16 and Kamaiah (1995) used Ravallion cointegration and error-correcting
market integration techniques to analyse the efficiency of the Indian stock market. The study also demonstrated
22
that there is no evidence supporting the market efficiency of the stock exchanges in Bombay, Madras, and
Calcutta, whereas there is evidence to the contrary for Delhi and Ahmedabad. In addition to determining how the
stock market responds to changes in the economic environment, Debjit Chakraborty (1997) performed research to
investigate the relationship between key economic indicators and trading behaviour. Utilizing the BSE National
Index of Equity Prices (Natex), which represents 100 companies, the trend in stock markets was measured. The
following variables were picked as potential market movers: inflation, money supply, GDP growth, fiscal deficit,
and credit deposit ratio. The findings demonstrated that, aside from political stability, the broad money supply,
inflation, credit deposit ratio, and fiscal deficit had a significant impact on stock market fluctuations. He also
30 22
made clear that the relationship between the growth rate of the real GDP and stock market capitalization was
causative. In order to evaluate the empirical association between stock market indices and economic growth in
India, Kamaiah and Biswal (2000) undertook an empirical study. However, they did not find any compelling 17
evidence linking stock30
market liquidity with economic growth in India. Instead, they discovered a positive
correlation between stock market size and economic growth.

It is clear that empirical evidence on Indian financial markets is still ambiguous and lacking in clarity. The
importance of capital markets in India has increased tremendously due to the rapid economic reformation and
global economic integration. The Indian capital market system has experienced large, fundamental institutional
reforms over the years, which have reduced transaction costs and significantly increased efficiency, transparency,
and safety. Through stock markets, all these changes have facilitated the growth of the economy. Similar to how
technical advancements, new products, and services are predicted to fuel economic growth, a high need for stock
market development is anticipated.
Utilizing a variety of statistical tools and Microsoft Excel, the acquired data have been thoroughly evaluated. The
following strategies were mostly employed by the researcher to analyse the data that was gathered.

Expected return, on average: The profit or loss an investor predicts on an investment with known or anticipated
39
rates of return is known as the expected return. It is computed by averaging the results of multiplying potential
events by their likelihood of occuring.

Anticipated risk: Risk is the idea of future uncertainty regarding departure from anticipated earnings or outcome.
Risk is a measure of how much uncertainty an investor is willing to accept in order to make a profit from their
investment.
CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH GAP

After reviewing different articles associated with stock management it is observed that no recent research has
been done so during this study I will be discussing about how many people investing in trade and to interpret the
stock market on client basis .

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE.
1. To know about the stock market
2. To analyze how much investment does the people do .
3. To analyze and interpret the clients stock market .
4. To find the financial analysis of stock market .
16
PERIOD OF STUDY
The study
49
covers9 the period of 20th June-24th July .The data has been collected from the clients report and on the
basis of survey .

TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS

1. The collected data has been tabulated and used taken from the clients performance .
2. The clients data has been taken from the financial interpretation for the analysis of the stock market .
3. Tabular presentation: A table enables Quantitative comparisons and qualitative comparisons provide a
precise way to present the data.
4. Percentage analysis: This helps to bring out a uniform study of the data, percentage used in making
comparison about two or more series of data.
5. Graphical presentation: Graphical presentation is the only way to present qualitative information
effectively. The various charts used in report writing through different types of charts.

SOURCES OF DATA

The present study covers only secondary data which the selected commodities are traded and daily stock market
indices are taken into the consideration. The data also collected from various sources like various journals, reports,
magazines, newspapers, and stock market sensex data with the clients details with the clients financial position and
trade .

METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

The method utilized to gather facts and information in order to make decisions about their actions. This
investigation uses secondary data. A popular strategy for conducting a systematic inquiry is called secondary
research, in which the researcher only uses data that has already been collected. To draw reliable study
conclusions, this research design organises, collects, and analyses various data samples. Data are gathered using a
variety of methods, including interviews,
38
surveys, and data gathering from websites, journals, newspapers, and
other publications. These methods can be used to gather both current and historical data.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
Like other research, this one has some restrictions as well. They include:
36
The accuracy of the secondary data used in the analysis, which was fully dependent on information gathered from
the NSE website and secondary data from published literature, annual reports, etc., is wholly responsible for the
study's conclusions.

The viewpoint employed in this study cannot be regarded as the only valid one because different specialists have
varied perspectives on the analysis of equity shares.
9
The researcher analyses and interprets the data they have gathered using some statistical methods. Consequently,
the analysis is impacted by the statistical methods' inherent limitations.

SAMPLING SIZE
Based on the market performance of the stock/commodity the clients financial Net position has been used with the
clients data of 2 years .

And with the survey of the questionnaire the analysis has been done in which the number of respondents have
responded that is 82 but responded are 69.

SAPMPLING SIZE 69
CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Fig 1.1 Net position of the clients that how much trade she has done .
Fig 1.2 The year 2021-2022 data has been recorded that how much shares she has traded.
ANALYSIS OF THE CLIENTS NET POSITION OF THE STOCK MARKET
Net Position
The Net position is the value of the position less the initial setup expense for the position .

for example : If 100 options were purchased for $1 each and the option is currently trading for $10, the value of
the net position is $1000-$100 = $900.

The value of a firm or the value of an investor's ownership stake in a business is related to both net worth and
market value. The main distinction between the two is that market value, as opposed to net worth, is the real price
that a buyer is actually ready to pay for the company.

Basics of net worth

You deduct a company's obligations from its assets to determine its net worth. Net worth is equal to $250,000 if
total assets are $750,000 and total liabilities are $500,000 Another viewpoint holds that net worth is what is left
over after all liabilities have been satisfied and assets have been liquidated. Owners' equity, or the book value of
owner capital invested in the business, is another name for net worth. The value of an individual investor's present
ownership holding is considered to be his net worth.

Market price

The maximum anticipated price a buyer is now willing to pay for a firm is considered the company's market
value. For instance, if the highest offer from a ready, willing, and able buyer over an extended period of time is
$500,000, the market value is probably that amount. Before a firm is put up for sale, real estate agents and other
experts in business valuation employ a variety of financial algorithms to evaluate its market value.

Analysis
Here with the client report of the Net position of 2 years as dated from 01-02-2020, date to 31-03-2021 and other
data with date from 01-04-2021 date to 31-03-2022 is being shown here with the net position of the client name
Varsha Bhardwaj .

In the first Net position of the repot 2020-2021 Total amount was -60852.60 which shows negative balance and
with adding up with the services the total amount came to be Net amt -61163.44.

On the 2nd report of the Net position of the client is shows from date 2021-2022

the total amount to be shown as -209498.89 and with the Transaction charges and including SEBI fee the Net
amount came to be -210206.90

Here the amount is being different as the trades of buy and sell of the shares are different in both the years .

The average rate and of buy and sell out shares are different then there net position of the different shares .
 The client have invested in ABCAPITAL , APLAPOLLO, APOLLOPOPIPE, BHEL, CENTRUM, COLPAL etc
has traded in the Net position is the report that the clients have buy the shares at some value with its average rate
and with the number of quantities the shares have been purchased in the opening rate have to be sell out from the
higher value from which the shares have been purchased so the Net value will come with the average rate in the
48
column and on which the market has been closed as the closing rate . The MTM (Market to Market ) is the price in
which the market value of the shares are been disclose that the which shares have which market value .

Here in the two years record the client has been trading in the in the net value and market value for eg

100 Reliance shares

Buy @ 2405 Buy

Sell 2450 the shares

so 100 * 45 = 4500 profit from the shares it net position was 2405

Hence in this data we can conclude that in both the years the client has traded in the net position of the shares to
earn profit from the market .

QUESTIONNAIRES (Been circulated)

ANALYSIS
In this survey conducted more that 80 participants have responded, the survey has been conducted online, and
respondents are the employees and people interested in stock market.

89.9% of respondents indicated that they are thinking of investing in stock market . The term "stock market " is
used basically in investing there funds and 10.1% respondents declare that they never think of investing in stock
market at sometimes it may be risky.

88.4% of the respondents agreed that they are interested in investing in stock market for themselves whereas
11.4% respondents do not agree with with the point that they are not interested in learning about investing in
themselves .

82.6% of the respondents said that they have less experience that is less than 5 years and 15.9% of the respondents
9
have experience between 5-10 years and 1 % of the respondents have experience of 10 years or above in stock
market.

73.9% of the respondents think that stock market is an oppurtunity on investment to gain maximum profit with
the help of shares whereas 26.1% of the respondents think that investing in stock market is risk factor as stock
market is sometimes risk marketing there can be more and more profit and losses both or vice versa .

Mostly of the respondents who invest in share market are males that is 71% whereas the number of females or
other respondents are less in numbers that is 29%.

While thinking of investing in stock market 60.9% of the respondents perception is positive and Whereas 15.9%
9
of the respondents have negative perception in investing with the stock market and 23.2% of the respondents are
neutral in the perception of investing in the stock market.

46.4% of the respondents like to trade in capital market as all in de mat form that is all the transactions are been
done on the de mat account of the shares . whereas 24.6% of the respondents mostly prefer all the investment of
capital in de mat form and 20.3 % of the respondents like to do it in physical form 8.7% when compared to
physical form mostly they wish to do in all physical form .

69.6% of the respondents concluded that they would like to suggest people in investing in share market 30.4% of
the respondent does not like to suggest people to invest in stock market.
CHAPTER 5
FINDINGS
In the above two research and interpretation we found that :

Net position

Investing in stock market is an opportunity for the people .Respondents invest more and more on share market
with the trade

The client Varsha bhardwaj shows her trade done with the net position of shares with buy and sell of the shares at
different price and with different quantities. and after buying different shares in different year the market value
remain different from the buy and sell amount that would be the profit for her .

While she buys different shares in sell out it in higher amount she gain some profit as the market value can be
higher or vice versa she can suffer losses also if the shares buy by her get less value so there will be a loss .

Can conclude that there may be profit and losses both in the share market we just have to patience for the market
value to be increased of the shares .

Survey

In the surey of the stock market we found that more of the respondents are interested in knowing about the share
market and interested in investing in themselves . Some have neutral feelings towards the market . Respondents
wish to suggest people to invest more and more on share market as sometimes it can be seen as an oppurtunity and
some times it may be risky both the factors can be concluded .
CHAPTER 6

SUGGESTION / CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSIONS

A stock exchange is a market where investors can buy and sell bonds, stock, and other types of
assets. Additionally, it provides services for the issuance and redemption of securities and other
financial instruments. Bonds, unit trusts, pooled investment products, and stock issued by listed
firms can all be traded on a stock exchange. In a stock exchange, transactions between buyers and
sellers take place in a "continuous auction" market.

The economy is largely dependent on stock exchanges. It fosters the growth of businesses, helps
to raise cash for investment, and makes profit sharing possible. It helps generate small investor
investment possibilities and raise money for government-funded development projects. It serves
as an economic barometer.

In order to achieve the objective of maximizing the return, the investors need to consider both
risk factor and return potential of various companies under consideration. That will be differing
from companies to companies. Equity analysis is one of the most important techniques used to
measure the risk and return factor of equities of different companies. Based on my study
Investment in share market is not risky we can conclude with different trade done in the trade and
it can be seen as an oppurtunity .

With the survey and clients net position report we can say that many of the respondents are
interested in investment and some of the respondents are not likely to .

In the study the various stock market investment can be seen as it can be beneficial for some and
some are positive in thinking about the share market .

SUGGESTIONS

As per the observation respondents are more likely to do investment in share market as for the
some respondents can conclude that it may be an oppurtunity to invest is share market and for
some it may be risk factor but investment as a financial interpretation of the stock market the
investment in online trade is much better with investing in some other sources of finance.
 REFERENCES
1. 1 Bhowmik, R.; Wang, S. Stock Market Volatility and Return Analysis: A Systematic Literature
Review. Entropy
2020.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341157428_Stock_Market_Volatility_and_Return_
Analysis_A_Systematic_Literature_Review
2. Prabhu, Ruchi. (2019). Risk & return analysis of nifty stock in Indian capital market.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335526293_Risk_return_analysis_of_nifty_stock_in
_Indian_ca pital_market

3. Author: Gopala Krishnan.M. Muthu, P.K. Akarsh; Publisher: International journal of advance
research & development, Website: www.ijarnd.com, Year: 2017 & pg. no.: 166 to 171, Title:
Equity analysis of automobile industry in Indian stock market.

4. Author: Dr.S. krishnapradha, Mr.M. Vijayakumar; Publisher: international journal of scientific

research and management, Website: www.ijsrm.in, Year: 2015 pg. no.: 2550 to 2554, Title: A
study on risk and return analysis of selected stocks of India.

5. Yadav, Sameer. (2017). STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY - A STUDY OF INDIAN STOCK MARKET.
Global Journal for Research Analysis. 6. 629-632.

6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342991622_Stock_Markets_An_Overview_and_A_Li
terature_Review

7. https://bizfluent.com/how-5976336-calculate-initial-rate-return.html

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Author: Avadhani; publisher: HPH, book: investment analysis and portfolio

management.Author: Kevin; book: investment and portfolio management.

Web series: https://www.nseindia.com/

Web series: https://www.moneycontrol.com/

 Web series: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/

ANNEXURE Financial report of the client of the trades done between the 2 years data has been attached . Fif 1.3
Fig1.4