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Title Analysis and Interpretation of financial statem..
Paper/Submission ID 595989
Submission Date 2022-08-03 13:00:25
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 SUMMER INTERSHIP
ON
Analysis and Interpretation of financial statement of organization
and Trading
By
Rashi Gupta
A0101921224
MBA Gen Class of 2023
22
Under the Supervision of
Dr. Vinamra Jain
4
In Parital Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Master of Business Administration - MBA Gen
At
AMITY BUSINESS SCHOOL
AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH
 SECTOR -125, NOIDA 201303, UTTAR PRADESH , INDIA

A
REPORT

ON

Analysis and Interpretation of financial statement of organization

and Trading
By
Rashi Gupta

A0101921224

ADROIT Financial Services Pvt. Ltd.

5 3
A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the
MBAProgramofAmity University, Noida.

2021-2023

CompanyGuide: FacultyMentor:

Mr. Kapil Bhardwaj (V.P.) Dr.Vinamra Jain

 AUTHORISATION

31 29
This is to certify that the project work Analysis and Interpretation of
financial statement of organization and Trading

It is a good record of research work done by RASHI GUPTA, A0101921224

3 4
in partial fulfillment of the requirement of MBA the Program Amity
37
University, NOIDA. This was carried out from 20thJune, 2022, to 24th July
2022 ADROIT Financial Services Pvt. Ltd. Adroit 4th floor Angel mega mall
Kaushambi Ghaziabad up 201010 .
CERTIFICATE OF THE INTERNSHIP
 DECLARATION
3
I, Rashi gupta student of MBA (Gen)in , Amity University NOIDA
hereby declare that I have completed the Internship (NTCC) Report on
the topic Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statement of Organization and
Trading.
13 38
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
6
MBA.(Internship). I declare that it is an original work and has not been
13
submitted so far in part or in full, for the award of any other degree or
diploma of any University or Institution.

Rashi Gupta

A0101921224

Amity University, NOIDA

Amity Business School (A.B.S.)
CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE Commented [VJ1]: This must have your and my signature. Sign
this paper yourself and then email me a PDF of the same. I shall
digitally sing it and email back.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher

Dr. Vinamra jain who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful
project on the topic Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statement of Organization and
Trading. , which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and,I came to know
about so many new things I am really thankful to them.
36
Secondly i would also like to thank my parents and friends and the industry
2
guide Kapil Bhardwaj who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the
limited time frame.

Submitted by :Rashi gupta

Enrollment number: A0101921224Amity University Noida

ABS

20/06/2022 - 24/07/2022
 Certificate of Supervisor

This NTCC Internship report titled in Analysis and Interpretation

of Financial Statement of Organization and Trading

is submitted in Amity Business School by Rashi Gupta,

22
Enrollment No A0101921224, of Amity Business School, Amity
3 13
University Noida, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
38
the award of the degree of MBA, Internship Program this is an
6
original work and has not been submitted so far in part or full,

for the award of any other degree or diploma of any University

or Institution.

Kapil Bhardwaj
(Vice president of ADROIT, Financial Services pvt.ltd.)
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter Topic Page no.

No. Commented [VJ2]: Chapter No.

Abstract 10

1 Introduction 11-19 Commented [VJ3]: Introduction

2 Literature review 20-23

3 Research Methodology 24-26

4 Data Analysis 27-35

5 Findings 36

6 Conclusions and Recommendations 37-38

REFERENCES 43 Commented [VJ4]: Add References

ANNEXURE 44
 ABSTRACT
Stock market forecasting has long piqued the interest of the analysts and in the academics. Making
predictions regarding the stock market is commonly believed to be a fool's errand. It is already
challenging to estimate stock8values due to the large number of variables involved. It is possible to
forecast market movements over the long time period because
15 the market33can operate like the voting
machine in the short term34but like a weighing machine in the long run. For stock price analysis and
forecasting, a number of algorithms and machine learning techniques are used as a promising area. We
first provide a succinct summary of the stock markets in this essay.
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The share market is generally seen as one of a most important indicators of the strength and progress of
a country's economy. Participants in the stock market frequently depart from their true price by costs.
On one hand, financial economists maintain that financial markets are efficient, giving rise to the
efficient market theory.
14
A stock market, also known as an equity market or share market, is a collection of individual who can
buy and sell stocks, also known as shares, which represent ownership stakes in corporations. These
securities may be listed on public stock exchanges or only traded privately, such as shares of private
companies that are offered to investors through equity crowd funding platforms. The most frequent
type of investment is in the share / stock market.

HISTORY OF THE STOCK MARKET

32
Sin It is founding 200 years ago, the New
12 York Stock Market (NYSE) has grown and become the bit
and old stock exchange in the world as well as the main stock exchange in India. The Bombay Stock
Market was established 125 years ago, and in 1860 it began a non-profit organisation with no ulterior
motives. As it expands, 60 companies join the exchange. India's share fever had only begun when,
America Civil War began. As in that time, It is said that US stopped shipping cotton to Europe. There
were 250 more individuals present when the merchants died. When the Native Share and Stockbrokers
Union (NSSB) was established in 1895, the exchange market designated a place in a lane for the future
Dalal Street.

STOCK
A stock is also referred to as "shares" or "equity." It is a type of security that denotes ownership of the
business and entails a claim to a portion of its assets and profits. Typically, ownership of common stock
allows the bearer to dividend payments and voting rights at shareholders' meetings.

TYPES OF STOCKS
Investors have very distinct investing horizons and very different goals, such as growth or monetary
gain. As a result, people look for stocks with the characteristics they are looking for. Stocks are grouped
according to their investment qualities to suit this desire. The things included in the lists are mentioned
below:-
Blue-Chip Stocks: Valuable stocks are those of large, dependable companies with a long history of
consistent profitability and dividend payments. Examples of such companies include General Electric,
IBM, Microsoft, and Pfizer, as well , The stocks that make up the Dow-Jones Industrial Average. Due
to their enormous size, this companies have very little possibility for a high rate of return , therefore
most of their recovery comes in many forms like dividend . However, if these stocks are purchased in a
highly competitive securities market after stock prices have fallen generally, capital gains will be
realized from them.
11
Income Stocks: Financial gain stocks produce most of their returns in the form of dividends, therefore
the dividends, unlike preferred
7 share dividends or bond interest payments, will frequently continue to
increase year after year as long as the firms' earnings continue to increase. These companies have a
high dividend pay-out magnitude relation because there aren't many options for internal cash
speculation that may produce a higher return on stockholder equity. As a result, several of those
organizations, like General Electric, are already enormously large and regarded as significant
companies.

Cyclical Stock: These stocks move in opposite directions with the economic cycles, rising sharply
when the economy is expanding and falling when it is contracting. Most of such enterprises offer pricey
items, like cars and residences, or capital instruments for businesses customers. Alcoa, Caterpillar, and
Brunswick are a few examples. Sell these stocks after the cycle peaks since the best time to buy them is
when they are fluctuating very cheaply.

Defensive Stocks: Companies that are immune to economic fluctuations and should even benefit from
them issue defensive stocks. Once consumers and businesses have spent their money, some other
businesses make money, either because they know how to cut prices or because they demand
historically low pricing.

Growth Stocks:
18 Growth stocks are shares of companies that invest most of their earnings back into their
operations because they believe that doing so will result in a higher return on shareholders' equity and,
ultimately, a higher return
15for stockholders in the form of capital gains than if the money were
distributed as dividends. These companies typically have high P/E ratios because investors anticipate
rapid growth soon. Be aware, though, that growth stocks carry risk. If a growth-oriented company's
growth is slower than anticipated, the P/E ratio will drop because of investors downgrading the
company's prospects. Consequently, even when earnings are constant, stock value may decrease

Tech stocks, often known as school stocks, are the shares of technology companies that produce laptop
tools, communication tools, and other technological gadgets. A data system lists most school stocks.
Most school firms' stocks are regarded as speculative or stock, however some,10like Intel or Microsoft,
are valued. However, there is a real risk for educational businesses since research and development
activities are hard to predict, and as technology is always changing, this will quickly change the
fortunes of many businesses, especially when an old product is replaced by a new one.

MEANING OF THE STOCK MARKET

"Stock exchange" is made from of the word’s "stock" and "exchange." Stock refers to a portion of an
organization's capital. And exchange refers to the transfer or exchange of ownership. It is a chance for
buying and selling in business. We can refer to the stock market in a systematic way as a market or a
location where various types of securities are bought and sold. Stock market securities include.

 Share
 Derivatives
 Bonds

MAJOR STOCK EXCHANGES ARE

NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE (NSE):

By equity market volume, the national stock exchange of India limited is the top stock exchange
globally in 2015. It began operations in 1994 and has risen to become one of the largest
23
The Indian stock market is heavily dependent on SEBI for its daily transactions, equities market, and
annual reports from the previous year. NSE was founded as a financial organization
25 of India and was
operating as a stock payment firm when it began to provide excellent services to investors from all over
the world and across national borders.

BOMBAY STOCK EXCHANGE (BSE):

The oldest stock exchange in Asia is the Bombay Stock Exchange, which was founded in 1875. Since 1
it has been a prominent exchange in India for the past 140 years, the BSE has contributed to the
development of the country's industrial sectors by generating money. It is the world's stock exchange
with the fastest rate of growth. Additionally, in 1875, the native share and stockbroker's association was
founded. Singapore Exchange and Deutsche Bourse are two of the top international exchanges that
make up BSE. BSE offers investors a precise and trustworthy market, giving them a good market
platform to increase their return on investment. Additionally, it offers investors in the equity market,
derivatives market, mutual fund industry, and other markets a good market platform.

SECURITIES EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA (SEBI):

The Indian Securities Exchange Board regulates the country's securities market. It was created in 1988
and granted legal status on April 12, 1992. based on the SEBI Act of 1992.

The SEBI must be reachable by market intermediaries and securities investors. If SEBI discovers any
21
corruption in the exchange activities, SEBI has the power to order and investigate the books of
accounts of the exchanges and to revoke the registration of the intermediaries. SEBI alone cleared all
regulations. The securities market is entirely under the control of SEBI.

COMPANY PROFILE
ADROIT Financial Services Pvt. Ltd.
One of the top providers of financial market services in India. There are numerous
capital markets service buildings, including ones that house securities.
One of India's top providers of financial market services, Adroit Financial Services Pvt. Ltd. (Adroit)
offers a wide range of capital market services, including securities broking, advisory, depository,
equities research, derivative, commodities trading, currency futures, and IPO distribution. Our offline
and online distribution methods are how we provide the services. Through a network of branches
scattered throughout India, our robust base of business partners, arbitrageurs, and internet trading tools
guarantees our clients receive top-notch service.

“Building lifelong relationships rooted in performance and trust”

The organisation, which was established in 1994, is focused on being relevant in a sector that is
always changing. Under the direction of its creator, the company quickly increased its presence
throughout 250 locations in India, employing close to 1000 experts who provided services to
more than 50,000 customers, including HNIs, institutions, businesses, people, and families.

The group's attitude is wholly client-centric, with a strong emphasis on giving clients long-term
value addition. We firmly
23 believe in upholding the greatest standards of excellence, integrity,
and professionalism as well as in the use of cutting-edge technology and research-based value
investing. In the years 2008–2009, Adroit ranked among the top 10 volume generators in the
BSE cash segment.

We are currently members of the National Securities Depository Ltd. (NSDL), Bombay Stock
Exchange of India Ltd. (BSE), Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd. (MCX), National
Commodities and Derivatives Exchange Ltd. (NCDEX), NSE-SX, MCX-SX, and Central
Depository Services Ltd. (CDSL).The Strength of the company is

1. Quality Research

2. Large Presence

3. Robust Technology

4. Teamwork

The core values of the company are:

Client Attention
5
At Adroit, we work 9 hard to establish enduring relationships with our clients by acting ethically and
discreetly. Adroit has always put the needs of the customer first, putting those needs ahead of our own.
In order to give our clients the solid capability to meet significant and quickly expanding market
opportunities, we work directly with them.

Orientation to Execution

Adroit is dedicated to providing top-notch results with our knowledgeable team of experts who are
ideas-driven. Our greatest asset is our team, and we constantly strive to outperform client expectations.

Culture

We at Adroit have fostered a "One-Team" mentality. We provide a creative, supportive, and

considerate culture. Our merit-based and goal-oriented methodology promotes

Adroit Financial Services Private Limited, sometimes known as "Adroit," is a legitimate member of the
National Stock Exchange of India Limited, Metropolitan Stock Exchange Limited, and Bombay Stock
Exchange Limited. It is also classified as a Depository Participant with CDSL and NSDL. Research
analyst company Adroit Financial Services Private Limited is authorized by SEBI.

2014 Adroit or its partners have registered under Registration Number INH100003084 of the SEBI
(Research Analyst) Regulations.

not had their access to the securities market restricted or suspended by SEBI or any regulatory agency.
smart or

The company's public offering of securities was not managed or paid for by its associates or analysts.

business that the analyst covered over the previous 12 months.

IMPORTANCE OF TRADING
Stock market / Share market
14
The term "stock market" refers to a variety of locations where investors can buy and sell shares of
companies that are publicly traded. Such monetary dealings happen on recognized exchanges and in
over the counter (OTC) markets that follow a predetermined set of regulations.

Both "stock market" and "stock exchange" are frequently used synonymously. Traders buy and sell
shares of stock on one or more of the stock exchanges that make up the larger stock market.

Understanding the Stock Market

Buyers and sellers of securities can network, communicate, and conduct transactions
5 on the stock
exchange. Markets enable the pricing of company stocks and serve as a gauge of the state of the
national economy. As market participants compete in an open market, buyers and sellers can be
assured of a fair price, high liquidity, and transparency.
24
How the Stock market works
1
Securities exchanges give a protected and controlled climate where market members can
execute in shares and other qualified monetary instruments with certainty, with zero to low
functional gamble. Working under the characterized rules as expressed by the controller, the
securities exchanges go about as essential business sectors and optional business sectors

As an essential market, the financial exchange permits organizations to issue and offer their
portions to people in general interestingly through the course of a first sale of stock (IPO). This
action assists organizations with raising fundamental capital from financial backers.

An organization separates itself into a few offers and offers a portion of those offers to people in
general at a cost for each offer.

To work with this cycle, an organization needs a commercial center where these offers can be
sold, and this is accomplished by the financial exchange. A recorded organization may likewise
offer new, extra offers through different contributions at a later stage, like through right issues
or follow-on contributions. They might try and repurchase or delist their portions.

Financial backers will possess organization partakes in the assumption that offer worth will rise
or that they will get profit installments or both. The stock trade goes about as a facilitator for
this capital-raising cycle and gets an expense for its administrations from the organization and
its monetary accomplices.

Utilizing the stock trades, financial backers can likewise trade protections they currently own in
what is known as the optional market.
The securities exchange or trade keeps up with different market-level and area explicit pointers,
similar to the S&P (Standard and Poor's) 500 file and the Nasdaq 100 record, which give an
action to follow the development of the general business sectors .

Why is Stock market risky?

If you are buying the share of any company you are being the co-owner that is you are going to
buy the shares , If you invest and the company is going into the profit , you will have profit and
if the company shows very good growth then your money will also grow , It's just like you
invest in your family member or friends business in this hope , If the business grows I will get
the part of the profit and If it losses then , I will take the loss , and won't have to give any
interest.

Ex. TVS, MRF, WIPRO, EICHER, its risky and that's why the returns are high.

How much return I can expect?

35
If we invest in a friend business so who knows if you, invest rupees 10 in the next year you will
get 10% profit or 20% profit or 30% profit it differs a lot it cannot be fixed criteria.

For this there are many shares, in1 the market which does not grows a single rupee, instead falls
and some grows 4x to 5x times in a single year but it just about 1 share. When you will enter it
will not just be one or two shares you will invest in a portfolio of stocks, like at least 8-10
companies because if 1-2 companies come out bad or drowns still you don't overall lose all of
your money that's why is share market, we invest in at least 8-10 companies, so we get a basket
of stocks. you can believe that if you have invested correctly so18%-20% return in India's high
growth company in the long run, which is at least 5 years if you have invested.

How much should I start with the amount of money you are investing in the
share market?

It's more important in which type of shares are you investing and how much consistently you
are investing in the shares , then they give return for example :. if you start with investing 100
rupees per month and every year increase these rupees 1000 by 15% for the first year 12000 .
2nd year 1150 increase by 15%, if you are getting 15% return despite that, starting with rupees
1000, after 25 years you will be able to earn a profit for rupees 1 cr. Commented [VJ5]: Improve the construction of this sentence.

Process of share market

Aadhar card, PAN card and bank account are needed after that now a day's all the process is
online. Discount brokers are also there.

The account open in rupees 300 and brokerage and commission are zero to none, if you are
investing. So, if you are buying and keeping shares and selling them 2-3, days or more then you
don't have to give any commission.
Why stock market has a bad image?
It's like when we buy a property, does anyone thinks in 4 days the price will be doubled and I
will sell it out. when we buy property, we give time to increase the value. share market needs
time to increase the value of shares. Commented [VJ6]: Reduce the usage of word SO. Reading this
seems to be a very casual style of writing and not so professional.

TYPES OF STOCK TRADING

Due to the enormous returns, it guarantees, stock trading is very popular all over the world.
Millions have been made in stock trading by well-known individuals. This has drawn large
numbers of people to this form of income. Newcomers frequently don't know what kind of stock
trading is available. Here is a peek inside the world of stock trading to help you get started!

Various Stock Trading Styles

Intraday Trading: The full transaction is carried out by the traders in a single day. This is a
simple and27straightforward way to make money. You benefit from the daytime market
volatility. Perfect for people who can commit to trading full-time.
8
Position trading: Compared to intraday trading, it allows traders greater time for trading. In
actuality, you can keep the stocks for a while. Understanding the price inclination and technical
patterns can help you keep the stocks for longer.

Swing trading: reduces trading risks while allowing you to stay onto equities for longer than a
day.

Online trading is the method used to carry out trading activities, to put it simply. Position,
swing, day, and investment trading are just a few of the trading techniques it offers.

Trading on an interim basis the validity of this sort of trading ranges from a day to a few weeks,
and it yields notable results.

Trading in the middle enables you to follow the trend of stop losses and keep the stocks for
weeks or even months.

Long-term Trading: The fundamental analysis determines how long a stock can be held in this
segment. Growth in dividends, bonuses, and firm expansion all contribute to profit.

When starting a trading career, trending analysis and technical sentiments should be taken into
account. You should follow the intraday stock recommendations to get the most of your
Endeavour now that you are aware of the many sorts of stock trading.
KEYWORDS USED IN STOCK MARKET

Buy +
Sell -
Pending Bid F (3)
Order Modify F3 shift + F2
Order Cancel F3 shift + F1
All bids cancel F3 all select + shift F1
All Net position Alt F6
Trade Bought / Sold F8
Best five Buyer and Seller F6
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Numerous empirical studies have been done as a result of the academic and professional
community's long-standing fascination in the subject of whether financial markets promote
economic growth. Some of them did, while others did not see a direct link between financial
progress and economic expansion. Studies on the topic tried to show12whether there was any
connection between financial development and 17 economic growth as well as the type and
direction
39 of causation,
26 i.e., whether financial sector development promotes economic growth or
the contrary. This article has briefly discussed the various points of view put out by economists
discussing the speculative link between financial innovation and economic expansion.

There is likewise a collection of exploration that shows no relationship, or just a frail one,
between monetary turn of events and financial development. A feeble connection between's
monetary turn of events and financial development has been found by Singh (1997), Narayan
and Narayan (2013) in 65 non-industrial nations, Ayadi et al. (2015) in nations of the northern
and southern Mediterranean, Ductor and Grechyna (2015) in 101 created and non-industrial
nations, Grassa and Gazdar (2014) in 5 GCC nations, and Mhadhbi (2014) on account of
created nations.

The causal connection between monetary turn of events and financial development has
additionally been the subject of various investigations to decide if it is unidirectional or
bidirectional. Patrick's examination is a notable illustration of a concentrate in this field (1966).
In the beginning stages of an economy's development, he contended, the monetary framework
advances financial extension. Monetary extension creates a requirement for monetary area
improvement as the country draws nearer to being a created country. He declares that relying
upon a nation's progressive phase, there are different causal connections between monetary turn
of events and financial development. As per Patrick (1966), there are two examples in the
causal connection between monetary turn of events and financial development. These examples
depend on the thoughts of Schumpeter (1911) and Robinson (1952).The first is "Request
Following," which alludes to the advancement of contemporary monetary organizations and the
arrangement of their monetary resources, liabilities, and other related monetary administrations
in light of the interest for these administrations from savers and financial backers in the genuine
economy. The subsequent thought is known as "Supply Leading," and it alludes to the
foundation of monetary establishments as well as the stockpile of their monetary resources,
liabilities, and related monetary administrations before the development of interest, especially
that of entrepreneurs in the contemporary development actuating areas. It fills two needs: 1) to
move assets from laid out (non-development) areas to arising ones 2) to empower and ignite a
pioneering response in the contemporary regions. In the beginning phases of the economy, the
stockpile sidethe supply-driving characteristics of monetary advancement progressively break
down as financial improvement pushes ahead and are at long last supplanted by request
following qualities of monetary turn of events. Along these lines, the land and money areas both
develop simultaneously, supporting each other's development and exhibiting a two-way causal
relationship.Berthelemy and Varoudakis (1997), Greenwood and Bruce (1997), and Luintel and
Khan (1997) likewise showed the two-way connection between monetary turn of events and
financial development (1999).

Similarly to low-pay nations, big league salary nations' monetary improvement biggerly affects
financial development. Monetary profundity is presently not a critical indicator of long-run
development, as per a genuinely late concentrate by Demetriades and Rousseau (2016) on the
non-monotonic connection between monetary turn of events and financial development. They
further expressed that bank guideline and oversight affect the connection among money and
development. They accepted that a more evolved monetary area was not generally favorable for
financial development. In any case, a typical issue with this exploration was that the
exceptionally different boards, which included higher, lower, center, and low-pay countries,
were utilized to dissect the non-monotonic connection between monetary turn of events and
financial development.

Despite the disagreements on the connection between financial development and economic
growth, the bulk of research have considered the significance of financial sector development
for economic growth.

There is evidence that the development of the stock market and economic growth are positively
correlated. Numerous empirical research, including those by Atje and Jovanovich (1993), 17
Levine and Zervos (1993, 1998), Rousseau and Wachtel (2000), have demonstrated how stock
markets can affect economic growth over the long term by influencing liquidity, risk
diversification, information gathering about companies, corporate governance, and savings
mobilization. Although they did not address the significance of stock market development,
banking sector development, and economic growth in an integrated framework,
19 these studies
reveal a substantial positive association between growth rates of real GDP per capita and stock
market development.

The following is a list of studies on Indian stock markets. In his book, Gupta (1972) examined
the operation of the Indian stock markets and made several recommendations to enhance it. To
meet the objectives of liquidity and price stability, he underlined the need to restrict the amount
of speculation. To increase liquidity, he advises listing company shares on multiple stock
exchanges concurrently.According to the report, joint stock sector companies make about 4/5 of
listed equities. This demonstrated that investments in securities were no longer restricted to a
specific class or to a small population. It seems to have drawn and won the trust of a sizable
number of people from the lower and middle7 classes. The investigation also discovered that a
sizable part of funds was used to buy securities that had already been issued. Pyare Lal Singh
(1993) demonstrated the primary market as the constant source of supply of funds by mobilizing
savings from various economic sectors, including households, public and private business
sectors, in his paper titled "Indian Capital Market-A Functional Analysis." In 1992, L.C. Gupta
discovered that there was rampant speculation taking place in the Indian stock markets.The
intensely high concentration of market activity in only a few shares served as a reflection of
this. He thought that excessive short-term speculation might result in a "artificial price." An
artificial price is one that is not supported by expected earnings, dividends, financial strength,
and assets, or that is established by speculators through manipulation, rumors, and other means.
He believed that sooner or later, a stock market crisis would result from such inflated prices.
Amanulla and Kamaiah (1995) used Ravallion co integration and error-correcting market
integration techniques
28 to analyze the efficiency of the Indian stock market .The study also
demonstrated that there is no evidence supporting the market efficiency of the stock exchanges
in Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta, whereas there is evidence to the contrary for Delhi and
Ahmedabad. In addition to determining how the stock market responds to changes in the
economic environment, Debjit Chakraborty (1997) performed research to investigate the
relationship between key economic indicators and trading behavior. Utilizing the BSE National
Index of Equity Prices (Natex), which represents 100 companies, the trend in stock markets was
measured. The following variables were picked as potential market movers: inflation, money
supply, GDP growth, fiscal deficit, and credit deposit ratio. The findings demonstrated that,
aside from political stability, the broad money supply, inflation, credit deposit ratio, and fiscal
deficit had a significant impact on stock 20 market fluctuations. He also made clear that the
relationship between the growth rate of the real GDP and stock market capitalization was
causative. To evaluate the empirical association between stock market indices and economic
growth in India, Kamaiah and Biswal (2000) undertook an empirical study. However, they did
not find any compelling evidence linking stock30 market liquidity with economic growth in India.
Instead, they discovered a positive correlation between stock market size and economic growth.
16
Empirical evidence on Indian financial markets is still ambiguous and lacking in clarity. The
importance of capital markets in India has increased tremendously due to the rapid economic
reformation and global economic integration. The Indian capital market system has experienced
large, fundamental institutional reforms over the years, which have reduced transaction costs
and significantly increased efficiency, transparency, and safety. Through stock markets, all
these changes have facilitated the growth of the economy. Like how technical advancements,
new products, and services are predicted to fuel economic growth, a high need for stock market
development is anticipated.

Utilizing a variety of statistical tools and Microsoft Excel, the acquired data have been
thoroughly evaluated. The following strategies were mostly employed by the researcher to
analyse the data that was gathered.

Expected return, on average: The profit or loss an investor predicts on an investment with known
or anticipated rates of return is known as the expected return. It is computed by averaging the
results of multiplying potential events by their likelihood of occurring.

Anticipated risk: Risk is the idea of future uncertainty regarding departure from anticipated
earnings or outcome. Risk is a measure of how much uncertainty an investor is willing to accept
to make a profit from their investment.
 CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH GAP

After reviewing different articles associated with stock management it is observed that no recent
research has been done so during this study, I will be discussing about how many people
investing in trade and to interpret the stock market on client basis.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE.
1. To know about the stock market
2. To analyze how much investment does the people do.
3. To analyze and interpret the clients stock market.
4. To find the financial analysis of stock market.

PERIOD OF THE STUDY

The study covers the period of 20th June-24th July. The data has been collected from the clients
report and based on survey.

TOOLS FOR THE ANALYSIS

1. The collected data has been tabulated and used taken from the client’s performance.
2. The clients data has been taken from the financial interpretation for analysis of the
stock/ share market.
3. Tabular
presentation:AtableenablesQuantitativecomparisonsandqualitativecomparisonsprovid
eapreciseway to present the data.
4. Percentage analysis : This helps to bring out a uniform

study of the data , percentage used in making comparison about two or more series of
data.

5. Graphicalpresentation:Graphicalpresentationistheonlywaytopresentqualitativeinforma
tioneffectively.Thevarious charts used in report writing through different types of
charts.

SOURCES OF DATA

The present study covers only secondary data which the selected commodities are traded, and
daily stock market indices are taken into the consideration. The data also collected from
varioussourceslikevariousjournals,reports,magazines,newspapers,andstockmarketSensexdata
with the client’s details like their financial position and trade information.

METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

The method utilized to gather facts and information to make decisions about their actions. This
investigation uses secondary data. A popular strategy for conducting a systematic inquiry is
called secondary research, in which the researcher only uses data that has already been collected.
To draw reliable study conclusions, this research design organizes, collects, and analyses various
data samples. Data are gathered using a variety of methods, including interviews, surveys, and
data gathering from websites, journals, newspapers, and other publications. These methods can
be used to gather both current and historical data.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Like other research, this one has some restrictions as well. They include:

In The accuracy of, secondary data used in the analysis, which was fully dependent on
information gathered from the NSE website and secondary data from published literature, annual
reports, etc., is wholly responsible for the study's conclusions.

The viewpoint employed in this study cannot be regarded as the only valid one because different
specialists have varied perspectives on the analysis of equity shares.

The researcher can analyse and interpret the data they have gathered using some statistical
methods. Consequently, the analysis is impacted by the statistical methods' inherent limitations.

SAMPLING SIZE
Based on the market performance of the stock/commodity the client’s financial Net position has
been used with the client’s data of 2 years.

And with the survey of the questionnaire the analysis has been done in which the number of
respondents has responded that is 82 but responded are 69.

SAPMPLING SIZE 69
 CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
Fig 1.1:Net position of the clients that how much trade she has done.
Fig 1.2:The year 2021-2022 data has been recorded that how much shares she has traded.
ANALYSIS OF THE CLIENTS NET POSITION OF THE STOCK
MARKET
Net Position
The Net position is the value of the position less the initial setup expense for the position.

for example: If 100 options were purchased for $1 each and the option is currently trading for
$10, the value of the net position is $1000-$100 = $900.

The value of a firm or the value of an investor's ownership stake in a business is related to both
net worth and market value. The main distinction between the two is that market value, as
opposed to net worth, is the real price that a buyer is ready to pay for the company.

Basics of net worth

You deduct a company's obligations from its assets to determine its net worth. Net worth is
equal to $250,000 if total assets are $750,000 and total liabilities are $500,000 Another
viewpoint holds that net worth is what is left over after all liabilities have been satisfied and
assets have been liquidated. Owners' equity, or the book value of owner capital invested in the
business, is another name for net worth. The value of an individual investor's present ownership
holding is his net worth.

Market price

The maximum anticipated price a buyer is now willing to pay for a firm is considered the
company's market value. For instance, if the highest offer from a ready, willing, and able buyer
over an extended period is $500,000, the market value is probably that amount. Before a firm is
put up for sale, real estate agents and other experts in business valuation employ a variety of
financial algorithms to evaluate its market value.

Analysis
Here with the client report of the Net position of 2 years as dated from 01-02-2020, date to 31-
03-2021 and other data with date from 01-04-2021 date to 31-03-2022 is being shown here with
the net position of the client’s name Varsha Bhardwaj.

In the first Net position of the repot 2020-2021 Total amount was -60852.60 which shows
negative balance and with adding up with the services the total amount came to be Net amount -
61163.44.On the 2nd report of the Net position of the client is shows from date 2021-2022. The
total amount to be shown as -209498.89 and with the Transaction charges and including SEBI
fee the Net amount came to be -210206.90. Here the amount is being different as the trades of
buy and sell of the shares are different in both the years. The average rate and of buy and sell out
shares are different then their net position of the different shares.

The client have invested in ABCAPITAL , APLAPOLLO, APOLLOPOPIPE, BHEL,

CENTRUM, COLPAL etc has traded in the Net position is the report that the clients have buy
the shares at some value with its average rate and with the number of quantities the shares have
been purchased in the opening rate have to be sell out from the higher value from which the
shares have been purchased so the Net value will come with the average rate in the column and
on which the market has been shut as the with the closing date. The MTM (Market to Market) is
the price in which the market value of the shares are being disclose that the which shares have
which market value.

Here in the two years record the client has been trading in the in the net value and market value
for eg

100 Reliance shares

Buy @ 2405 Buy

Sell 2450 the shares

Hence, 100 * 45 = 4500 profit from the shares it net position was 2405

Hence in this data we can conclude that in both the years the client has traded in the net position
of the shares to earn profit from the market.

QUESTIONNAIRES (Been circulated)

INTERPRETATION
In this survey conducted more than80 participants have responded, the survey has been
conducted online, and respondents are the employees and people interested in stock market.

89.9% of respondents indicated that they are thinking of investing in stock market. The term
"stock market " is used basically in investing their funds and 10.1% respondents declare that they
never think of investing in stock market at sometimes it may be risky.

88.4% of the respondents agreed that they are interested in investing in stock market for
themselves whereas 11.4% respondents do not agree with the point that they are not interested in
learning about investing in themselves.
 82.6% of the respondents said that they have less experience that is less than 5 years and 15.9%
of the respondents have experience between 5-10 years and 1 % of the respondents have
experience of 10 years or above in stock market.

73.9% of the respondents think that stock market is an opportunity on investment to gain
maximum profit with the help of shares whereas 26.1% of the respondents think that investing in
stock market is risk factor as stock market is sometimes risk marketing there can be more and
more profit and losses both or vice versa.

Mostly of the respondents who invest in share market are males that is 71% whereas the number
of females or other respondents are less in numbers that is 29%.

While thinking of investing in stock market 60.9% of the respondent’s perception is positive and
Whereas 15.9% of the respondents have negative perception in investing with the stock market
and 23.2% of the respondents are neutral in the perception of investing in the stock market.

46.4% of the respondents like to trade in capital market as all in de mat form that is all the
transactions are being done on the de mat account of the shares. whereas 24.6% of the
respondents mostly prefer all the investment of capital in de mat form and 20.3 % of the
respondents like to do it in physical form 8.7% when compared to physical form mostly they
wish to do in all physical form.

69.6% of the respondents concluded that they would like to suggest people in investing in share
market 30.4% of the respondent does not like to suggest people to invest in stock market.
CHAPTER 5
FINDINGS
In the study we find :

Net position

1. Investing in stock market is an opportunity for the people. Respondents invest more and
more on share market with the trade
2. The client Varsha Bhardwaj shows her trade done with the net position of shares with Commented [VJ7]: Capital B in Bhardwaj.

buy and sell of the shares at different price and with different quantities. and after buying
different shares in different year the market value remains different from the buy and sell
amount that would be the profit for her.
3. While she buys different shares in sell out it in higher amount, she gain some profit as the
market value can be higher or vice versa she can suffer losses also if the shares buy by
her get less value so there will be a loss.
4. Can conclude that there may be profit and losses both in the share market we just have to
patience for the market value to be increased of the shares.

Survey

In the survey of the stock market, we found that more of the respondents are interested in
knowing about the share market and interested in investing in themselves. Some have neutral
feelings towards the market. Respondents wish to suggest people to invest more and more on
share market as sometimes it can be seen as an opportunity and sometimes it may be risky both
the factors can be concluded.
 CHAPTER 6
RECOMMENDATIONS / CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS

A stock exchange is a market where investors can buy and sell bonds, stock,
and other types of assets. Additionally, it provides services for the issuance and
redemption of securities and other financial instruments. Bonds, unit trusts,
pooled investment products, and stock issued by listed firms can all be traded
on a stock exchange. In a stock exchange, transactions between buyers and
sellers take place in a "continuous auction" market.

The economy is largely dependent on stock exchanges. It fosters the growth of

businesses, helps to raise cash for investment, and makes profit sharing
possible. It helps generate small investor investment possibilities and raise
money for government-funded development projects. It serves as an economic
barometer.

To achieve the objective of maximizing the return, the investors need to

consider both risk facto rand return potential of various companies under
consideration. That will be differing from companies to companies. Equity
analysis is one of the most important techniques used to measure the risk and
return factor of equities of different companies. Based on my study Investment
in share market is not risky we can conclude with different trade done in the
trade and it can be seen as an opportunity.

With the survey and clients net position report we can say that many of the
respondents are interested in investment and some of the respondents are not
likely too. In the study the various stock market investment can be seen as it can
be beneficial for some, and some are positive in thinking about the share
market.

RECOMMENDATIONS

As per the observation respondents are more likely to do investment in share

market as for the some respondents can conclude that it may be an opportunity
to invest is share market and for some it may be risk factor but investment as a
financial interpretation of the stock market the investment in online trade is
much better with investing in some other sources of finance.
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1. 1Bhowmik,R.;Wang,S.StockMarketVolatilityandReturnAnalysis:ASystematicLitera
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2. Prabhu,Ruchi.(2019).Risk&returnanalysisofniftystockinIndiancapitalmarket.ht
tps://www.researchgate.net/publication/335526293_Risk_return_analysis_o
f_nifty_stock_in_Indian_capital_market

3. Author:GopalaKrishnan.M.Muthu,P.K.Akarsh;Publisher:Internationaljournalof
advanceresearch & development, Website: www.ijarnd.com, Year: 2017 &
pg. no.: 166 to 171, Title: Equityanalysisof automobileindustry in Indian
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4. Author:Dr.S.krishnapradha,Mr.M.Vijayakumar;Publisher:internationaljournal
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5. Yadav,Sameer.(2017).STOCKMARKETVOLATILITY-
ASTUDYOFINDIANSTOCKMARKET.GlobalJournalforResearchAnalysis. 6. 629-
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6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342991622_Stock_Markets_An_
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Author: Avadhani; publisher: HPH, book: investment analysis and

portfolio management.Author:Kevin;book:investmentand portfolio

management.

Webseries:https://www.nseindia.com/

Webseries:https://www.moneycontrol.com/

Webseries:https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/
ANNEXURE

Financial report of the client of the trades done between the 2 years data

has been attached.

___________