HW 3: Finite Differences Terra Drake

13 September 2023 832003316

Pages: 4 ENGR 216-501
1.

Given:

Clock time (hr:min:sec) 0:00:00 0:59:12 2:01:46 2:58:55 3:37:01 4:13:00 5:36:17
Odometer reading (mi) 102 157.8 217.6 264.1 315.2 341.7 420.3

Find: Time interval (hr), Distance (mi), and Average speed (mph)

Diagram:

Odometer reading (mi)

450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0:00:00 0:59:12 2:01:46 2:58:55 3:37:01 4:13:00 5:36:17

Theory: speed=distance/time, seconds/60 = decimal minute, minute/60= decimal hour

Assumptions: The odometer is accurate and an exact value and the time is correct and an exact value.

Solution:

Clock time (hr:min:sec) 0:00:00 0:59:12 2:01:46 2:58:55 3:37:01 4:13:00 5:36:17
Odometer reading (mi) 102 157.8 217.6 264.1 315.2 341.7 420.3
Time interval (hr) 0.9867 1.043 0.952 0.635 0.5997 1.388
Distance (mi) 55.8 59.8 46.5 51.1 26.5 78.6
Average speed (mph) 56.6 57.3 48.8 80.5 44.2 56.6
 HW 3: Finite Differences Terra Drake
13 September 2023 832003316
Pages: 4 ENGR 216-501
2.

Given:

Time t, seconds 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Position x, meters 0 4.1 7.53 10.92 12.31 12.35 11.83 10.49 7.95

Find: velocity and acceleration at t=2, 3, 4, 5, 6 using forward finite difference backward finite difference
and centered finite difference

Diagram:

Position vs Time
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Theory: forward: (x2-x1)/(t2-t1) = velocity, (v1-v2)/(t2-t1)= acceleration

Backward: (x1-x0)/(t1-t0) = velocity, (v1-v0)/(v1-v0) = acceleration

Centered: (x2-x0)/2(t1-t0) = velocity, (v2-v0/2(t1-t0) = acceleration

Assumptions: Seconds and meters are exact

Solution:

Velocity v, m/s, forward 3.39 1.39 0.04 -0.52 -1.34

Acceleration a, m/s^2, forward -2 -1.35 -0.56 -0.82 -1.34
Velocity v, m/s, backward 3.43 3.39 1.39 0.04 -0.52
Acceleration a, m/s^2, backward -0.67 -0.04 -2 -1.35 -0.56
Velocity v, m/s, centered 6.82 4.78 1.43 -0.48 -1.86
Acceleration a, m/s^2, centered -2.75 -5.39 -5.26 -3.29 -1.2
HW 3: Finite Differences Terra Drake
13 September 2023 832003316
Pages: 4 ENGR 216-501

3.

Given:

y(m) 0.000 0.00200 0.00600 0.0120 0.0180 0.0240

u(m/s) 0.000 0.067 0.572 2.291 5.047 9.041

Find: shear stress at 0.006,0.012,0.018 m

Diagram:

velocity vs distance
10.000
8.000
6.000
4.000
2.000
0.000
1 2 3 4 5 6

Theory: 𝜏 = 𝜇 (𝑑𝑢 /𝑑y), 𝜏(N/m^2)

Assumptions: constant value for dynamic viscosity 1.8 x 10^-5

Solution:

y 0.006 0.012 0.018

sheer stress 2.0016E-07 4.833E-07 0.000000729

4.

Given: The true value of its derivative at 𝑥 = 1.5 is 𝑓 ′ (1.5) = 0.336925. delta x = 0.25

Find: Estimate the derivative numerically using forward, backward, and centered finite differences and
determine the percent error. What value of delta x would have to be used fro backward and forward to
get the same or smaller percent error?
HW 3: Finite Differences Terra Drake
13 September 2023 832003316
Pages: 4 ENGR 216-501
Diagram:

f(x)
2.5

1.5

0.5

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Theory: 𝑓(𝑥) = (ln(𝑥) sinh(𝑥))/𝑒^x, (true value - estimated value)/ true value *100%

Assumptions: The true value is actually the true value.

Solution:

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75

0.42932211 0.44698 0.40965 0.36090 0.31487733 0.27546978
forward 5 3 4 3 3 3
backwar 0.21462348 0.42932 0.44698 0.40965 0.36090275 0.31487733
d 9 2 3 4 2 3
centere 0.32197280 0.43815 0.42831 0.38527 0.33789004 0.29517355
d 2 3 8 8 2 8
Percent error- forward: (0.336925-0.314877)/0.336925 *100% = 6.54%

Backward: (0.336925-0.360903)/0.336925 *100% = 7.12%

Centered: (0.336925-0.337890)/0.336925 *100% = 0.29%

Delta x for forward and backward 0.125