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COURSE CODE: ARA 515 COURSE CODE: ARA 515

• FIFTH YEAR SUBJECT The student is expected to comply with the following:
• 3 CREDIT UNITS COURSE
(1) Must have at least 80% attendance of the prescribed number of days
• PART OF BASIC ENGINEERING COURSES (12), consecutive absences= drop
• PRE-REQUISITE: STEEL AND TIMBER (2) Obtain at least a passing rating in all Quizzes, Drawings and the 3
• LECTURE CLASS (3 HOURS/ WEEK) major examinations.
(3) Submit all other requirements satisfactory before the designated due
date. (Late Submission of Requirements will automatically incur a grade
A R C H I T E C T R. N. D Y Q U I A N G C O J R. of 60)

ARCHITECTURAL (4) A student is marked “late” or “tardy” if s/he arrives after the opening
prayer but within the first fifteen (15) minutes of the class period. Four
S T R U C T U R E S (4) tardiness incurred is considered one (1) absence
PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME GUIDE TO ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES

At the end of the course, the student is expected to :
1. Understand the relationship of Architecture, Structural BUILDING LAWS
Forms and Utilities to our Profession
2. Distinguish structural requirements and structural
materials in Architecture
UTILITIES AND FUNCTION FORM AND STRUCTURE
3. Identify relationship between structural form and
structural efficiency.
4. Prepare a complete structural arrangement THE ARCHITECTURE ACT OF 2004
ARCHITECTURE

PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR

SECTION 13 SECTION 13 SECTION 25

RULE IV: PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE
RULE III: EXAMINATION, REGISTRATION RULE III: EXAMINATION, REGISTRATION • SECTION 25. Registration of Architects Required. - No
AND LICENSURE AND LICENSURE person shall practice architecture in this country, or
engage in preparing architectural plans, specification or
Subjects for Examination Subjects for Examination preliminary data for the erection or alteration of any
building located within the boundaries of this country or
• (1) History and Theory of Architecture; Principles of Planning • (1) History and Theory of Architecture; Principles of Planning
and Architectural Practice and Architectural Practice use the title "Architect," or display or use any
title, sign, card, advertisement, or other device to
• (2) Structural Design, Building Materials, and • (2) Structural Design, Building Materials, and indicate such person practices or offers to practice
Architectural Specifications, and Methods of Architectural Specifications, and Methods of architecture, or is an architect, unless such person shall
Construction and Utilities; Construction and Utilities; have received from the Board a Certificate of
• (3) Urban Design and Architectural Interiors • (3) Urban Design and Architectural Interiors Registration and be issued a Professional Identification
Card in the manner hereinafter provided and shall
• (4) Architectural Design and Site Planning • (4) Architectural Design and Site Planning
thereafter comply with the provisions of this Act.

PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR

 9/18/2023

SECTION 29
RULE IV: PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE Structures Architecture
• It is the arrangement of and relations between the parts or It is the art or science of building specifically the
• SECTION 29. Prohibition in the Practice of Architecture and Penal
Clause. - Any person who shall practice or offer to practice elements of something complex. –OXFORD DICTIONARY art or practice of designing and building structures
architecture in the Philippines without being registered/licensed and especially habitable ones.
and who are not holders of temporary or special permits in • A structure is something that consists of parts connected -Merriams Webster Dictionary
accordance with the provisions of this Act, or any person together in an ordered way.–COLLINS DICTIONARY
presenting or attempting to use as his/her own the Certificate of
Registration/Professional Identification Card or seal of another or “Architecture” is the art, science or profession
temporary or special permit, or any person who shall give any of planning, designing and constructing buildings
false or forged evidence ………
in their totality taking into account their
• Upon conviction be sentenced to a fine of not less than One
hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) but not more than Five environment, in accordance with the principles of
Million pesos (P5,000,000,00) or to suffer imprisonment for a utility, strength and beauty. -RA 9266
period not less than six (6) months or not exceeding six (6) years,
or both, at the discretion of the Court.
PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR

Architecture UTILITAS
• The Roman Architect Vitruvius in his treatise on
architecture, De Architectura in the first century
BC got it right when he asserted that there were
three principles of good architecture:

UTILITAS
FIRMITAS • Utilitas (Commodity, Utility)
– It should be useful and function
VENUSTAS well for the people using it.
PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR

ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES PD 856: SANITATION CODE

WHO ARE THE ARCHITECTS BEHIND THE

FAMOUS CENTER POMPIDOU IN PARIS FRANCE? LAWS AFFECTING THE PRACTICE CODE: PD 856

A. RENZO PIANO/ RICHARD ROGERS

OF ARCHITECTURE DESCRIPTION: Code on Sanitation of the
Philippines
B. ALIJANDRO ARAVENA/ JEAN PHILIPPE VASAL
C. BALNAKRESHNA DOSHI/ IM PEI DATE SIGNED: December 23, 1975
D. FRANK GEHRY/ NORMAN FOSTER

PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR

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RA 9514: FIRECODE OF THE PHILIPPINES BP 344: ACCESSIBILITY LAW RA 7920: ELECTRICAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

CODE: RA 9514 CODE: RA 7920

CODE: BP 344
DESCRIPTION: AN ACT ESTABLISHING A DESCRIPTION: AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A
DESCRIPTION: An Act to Enhance the
COMPREHENSIVE FIRE CODE OF THE MORE RESPONSIVE AND
Mobility of Disabled Persons by Requiring
PHILIPPINES, REPEALING PRESIDENTIAL COMPREHENSIVE REGULATION FOR THE
Certain Buildings, Institutions,
DECREE NO. 1185 AND FOR OTHER PRACTICE, LICENSING, AND
Establishments and Public Utilities to
PURPOSES REGISTRATION OF ELECTRICAL
install Facilities and Other DevicesDATE
DATE SIGNED: December 19, 2008 ENGINEERS AND ELECTRICIANS.
SIGNED: December 7, 1982REPEALED
REPEALED LAW: RA 1185 DATE SIGNED: February 24, 1995

PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR

RA 8495: MECHANICAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES RA 1378: PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES PD 1067: WATER CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

CODE: PD 1067

DESCRIPTION: A DECREE INSTITUTING A

CODE: RA 8495 CODE: RA 1378
WATER CODE, THEREBY REVISING AND
CONSOLIDATING THE LAWS GOVERNING
DESCRIPTION: Philippine Mechanical DESCRIPTION: An Act To Regulate the
THE OWNERSHIP, APPROPRIATION,
Engineering Act of 1998 Trade Of Master Plumber.
UTILIZATION, EXPLOITATION,
DATE SIGNED: January 28, 1998 DATE SIGNED: June 18, 1955
DEVELOPMENT, CONSERVATION AND
PROTECTION OF WATER RESOURCES
DATE SIGNED: December 31, 1976

PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR

FIRMITAS PD 1096: NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

The National Structural Code of the Ph (NSCP) is apparently
MERELY a referral code (RC) of the National Building Code of
the Ph (NBCP) i.e. the NSCP is NOT a law, only the NBCP is the
CODE: PD 1096 law (the SPECIAL law on buildings). If the NSCP were that
important, the NSCP would be a national law rather than a
DESCRIPTION: ADOPTING A NATIONAL mere RC.
BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
THEREBY REVISING REPUBLIC ACT
NUMBERED SIXTY-FIVE HUNDRED FORTY
ONE
• Firmitas (Firmness, Durability)
– It should stand up robustly DATE SIGNED: February 19, 1977
and remain in good condition.
PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR
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RA 544: Civil Engineering Law PD957: CONDOMINIUM AND SUBDIVISION BUYERS PROTECTIVE DECREE BP220: SOCIALIZED AND ECONOMIC HOUSING ACT

CODE: BP 220

CODE: PD957 DESCRIPTION: AN ACT AUTHORIZING THE

CODE: RA 544
MINISTRY OF HUMAN
DESCRIPTION:REGULATING THE SALE OF SETTLEMENTS TO ESTABLISH AND
DESCRIPTION: An Act to Regulate the
SUBDIVISION LOTS AND PROMULGATE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
Practice of Civil Engineering
CONDOMINIUMS, PROVIDING PENALTIES STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL
in the Philippines
FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF REQUIREMENTS FOR ECONOMIC AND
DATE SIGNED: June 16, 1956
DATE SIGNED: July 12, 1976 SOCIALIZED HOUSING PROJECTS IN
URBAN AND RURAL AREAS
DATE SIGNED: March 25, 1982.

PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR

VENUSTAS RA 9266: ARCHITECTURE ACT OF 2004 RA 8534: INTERIOR DESIGN ACT

CODE: RA 9266
CODE: RA 8534
LONG TITLE: AN ACT TO REGULATE THE
PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE IN THE
DESCRIPTION: AN ACT REGULATING THE
PHILIPPINES
PRACTICE OF INTERIOR DESIGN IN THE
PHILIPPINES
DATE SIGNED: MARCH 14, 2004
• Venustas (Delight, Beauty) – It REPEALED LAW: RA 545
DATE SIGNED: February 23, 1998
should delight people and
raise their spirits.
PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR

• The Dancing House (Czech:

Tančící dům), or Ginger and
Fred, is the nickname given to
the Nationale-Nederlanden
building on the Rašínovo
nábřeží (Rašín Embankment)
in Prague, Czech Republic.

GUGGENHEIM MUSUEM IN BILBAO, SPAIN National Fisheries Development Board Building is located in Hyderabad, India, in the
southcentral part of the country. 2012
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• EXPERIENCE MUSIC THE FIVE POINTS OF ARCHITECTURE

PROJECT, SEATTLE,
WASHINGTON • In the course of his work as an architect, Le Corbusier
• Avant-garde developed a series of architectural principles, which he
• ZIZKOV TELEVISION TOWER, architect Frank
PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC Gehry knows that the used as the basis of his designs
Experience Music
Project, a rock music
museum, isn't exactly
PILOTIS
pleasing to the eye: "I
look at a lot of buildings
and consider them ugly.
ROOF GARDEN
Most of them, in fact,"
he told The Seattle
Times in 1999. Well,
OPEN FLOOR PLAN
LONG WINDOWS
that's one way to talk
about your life's work.

OPEN FACADE
PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR

ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES

WHAT IS THE FULL NAME OF LE CORBUSIER? WHERE IS VILLA SAVOYE LOCATED?

A. Charles-Édouard Jeaneret A. Philadelphia, USA

B. Charles-Édward Jeaneret B. Poissy, Paris, France
C. Charles-Édward Jeanneret C. Southwestern Pennsylvania
D. Charles-Édouard Jeanneret • As an exemplar of Le Corbusier's "five points" for new constructions, the villa D. Weimar, Germany
is representative of the origins of modern architecture and is one of the most
easily recognizable and renowned examples of the International style. The house
was originally built as a country retreat for the Savoye family.
PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR

ELEMENTS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT ELEMENTS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT

By Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis By Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis
Greek Architect Greek Architect
NATURE
NATURE the natural physical environment.
MAN One of the most significant ways that nature has
influenced architecture is through the use of
SOCIETY natural materials. For centuries, architects have
used materials such as stone, wood, and clay to
SHELLS create buildings that are in harmony with their
natural surroundings. NEOM
NETWORKS
PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR
is a new urban area planned by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to be built in its northwestern Tabuk
Province. The site is north of the Red Sea, east of Egypt across the Gulf of Aqaba and south of Jordan.
The total planned area of Neom is 26,500 km2 (10,200 sq mi).

METRO MANILA RECLAMATION
ELEMENTS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT
By Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis
Greek Architect
SOCIETY
a group of individuals sharing the same culture, values,
norms, mores, and traditions
The built environment should promote its self-identity and
pride in the community, should reflect the strength and
resilience of the culture and define the nation as unique
and innovative. Thus architecture has a relationship with
the socio-political concepts of the nation and helps define
its cultural identity.
PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR
9/18/2023
ELEMENTS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT
By Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis 5 Basic Human Concerns in
Greek Architect
Architecture by Maslow
MAN
An individual, Homo Sapiens – biological needs
(oxygen, nutrition), sensation and perception (five
senses), emotional needs (satisfaction, security,
sense of belonging), moral values.
PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR
ELEMENTS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT
By Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis
Greek Architect
SHELLS
buildings, the built component – housing,
hospitals, schools, town halls, commercial
establishments, recreational facilities, industrial
buildings, etc.
PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR
TYPE OF ROAD NETWORKS
ELEMENTS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT • 1. Rectangular or Block Pattern
By Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis
• 2. Radial or Star and Block Pattern
Greek Architect
• 3. Radial or Star and Circular Pattern
NETWORKS • 4. Radial or Star and Grid Pattern
• 5. Hexagonal Pattern
links within the settlement and with other settlements, • 6. Minimum Travel Pattern
transportation systems, communication systems, water
supply systems, power and electrical systems, etc.
The main principle of road patterns is to reduce the time
and distance that the vehicle takes to reach the
destination place. It also focuses on the interconnection
of branch roads.
PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR
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ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES EKISTICS 1942 EKISTICS 1942

By Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis By Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis
Greek Architect Greek Architect
Ekistics is the science of human settlements Doxiadis believed that the conclusion from biological and social
experience was clear: to avoid chaos we must organize our system of
Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis is coined as the including regional, city, community planning and life from anthropos (individual) to ecumenopolis (global city) in
Father of? dwelling design. Its major incentive was the hierarchical levels, represented by human settlements. So he articulated
emergence of increasingly large and complex a general hierarchical scale with fifteen levels of ekistic units:
conurbations, tending even to a worldwide city. The
study involves every kind of human settlement, with polis (city) – 75,000
A. Father of Modern Architecture anthropos – 1 small metropolis – 500,000
particular attention to geography, ecology, human room – 2
B. Father of Ekistics psychology, anthropology, culture, politics, and metropolis – 4 million
house – 5 small megalopolis – 25 million
C. Father of Urban-Rural Development occasionally aesthetics. housegroup – 40
D. Father of Post Modern Revivalism megalopolis – 150 million
small neighborhood (village) – 250 small eperopolis – 750 million
neighborhood – 1,500
eperopolis – 7.5 billion
small polis (town) – 10,000 ecumenopolis – 50 billion
PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR PROPERTY OF ARCH. R.N.DYQUIANGCO JR