MUSIC:

(Southeast Asian Music) Indonesia

- Southeast Asia refers to the group of countries in Asia that is located geographically south in China, east of India, west of
New Guinea, and north of Austrailia.
- Southeast Asia is composed of Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore, East Timor, Philippines,
Brunei, Myanmar, and Christmas Island.
- Indonesian culture has been greatly influenced by the Eastern traditions like Shamanism, Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, as
well as by the Western Traditions.
- The Indonesians came into contact with the Chinese, Indians, Arabs, Portuguese, Dutch, and English traders, explorers and
colonizers.
- Indonesia, is the largest archipelago in the world consisting more than 13,000 islands that stretch across more than 3,200
miles of ocean along the equator.

Island groups of Indonesia:

Elements of Traditional Indonesian Music:
- Java
- Sumatra Slendro – Five tone scale pattern
- Kalimantan
- Sulawesi Pelog – Seven tone scale pattern
- Nusa Tenggara
- Irian Barat

- Indonesia is ethnically diverse in population with around 300

ethnic groups speaking more than 250 languages.

- “Bahasa Indonesia” common language of Indonesia.

- Pathets, are Indonesian scale patterns
- Slendro Pathet Nem, lowest mode in slendro.
- Slendro Pathet Sanga, Medium high tone slendro.
- Slendro Pathet Manyura, Highest pathet in Slendro.
- Pelog Pathet lima, lowest mode in pelog.
- Pelog Pathet Nem, Medium high tone pelog.
- Pelog Pathet Barang, Highest mode in pelog.

Examples of Slendro and Pelog scales:

- Lenggang Kangkung
- Kupu Kuwi

Musical Instruments:
- There are 17,000 gamelan all over Indonesia.
- The gamelan is a musical ensemble composed of gong-chimes, bronze gong, drums, flutes, and metallophones.
- Wayang Kulit- shadow puppet form play of Indonesia.
- 2 types of gamelan in Indonesia: Balinese Gamelan, and the Javanese Gamelan.
- Gong ageng, is believed to be the main spirit of the Javanese Gamelan.

Instruments of the Gamelan:

- Saron, It is a bronze metallophone placed over

A box resonator, It is played with a bone mallet
Called tabuh.
- Gambang kayu, It is a xylophone made out of wood.
This instrument uses a box resonator like a metallo-
Phone. It is played by striking the wooden keys with
Padded sticks.
- Gong ageng, This is the most prominent knobbed gongs
in the ensemble.
- Gender, This instrument is made of thin bronze
keys of alloy that are hung by strings over a tube
resonator.
- Slenthem, It is made from thin bronze keys of
fine alloy. It is played by using only one stick.
- Bonang, This are knobbed gongs placed on ropes
that are attached to a wooden frame.