LONBLO NLJO CF FCLDLN NLJOF^ FO ^ OSJ^

AQ ^LB

Bi lovfstlginlþo iajrci bjs prjabfkis cf isfotiklfotj quf mio fsticj jnurrlfocj fo

bi Nlucic cf ^iotjs cfscf
cfscf prlonlpljs cf bi cìnici
cìnici cf 9<35, cfalcj i bi lkpbiotinlþo
lkpbiotinlþo
cf fcldlnljs aihj nlklfotjs clrfntjs.

Fb triaihj cfstini fb Ailrrj ci Ujoti ci Urili, cjocf sf prjcuhj bi rfprfslþo,

prlonlpibkfotf
prlonlpibkfotf bis cldfrfonlis, frio kunmj kés pfqufùis quf fo fb rfstj cf bi njsti,
y bi rfglþo fotrf bjs nioibfs trfs y sfls, ojkarici
ojkarici pjr fb iutjr "Nrltlnib ^trlp", cjo
cjocf
cf
sf njonfotrio virljs fcldlnljs lonbloicjs i bj birgj cf bi jrlbbi.

^f rfiblzþ uoi rfvlslþo alabljgrédlni sjarf ispfntjs mlstþrlnjs, gfjbþglnjs y

gfjtìnolnjs cf bi nlucic cf ^iotjs y bjs prlonlpibfs dintjrfs quf bi mlnlfrjo tio
njojnlci pjr bjs fcldlnljs tjrnlcjs i bj birgj cf su njsti. Fo fsti rfvlslþo, sf
prfsfotirjo citjs sjarf fb suasufbj cf ^iotjs, fo fb njotfxtj kés gfofrib cf bjs
sufbjs, Ailxici ^iotlsti. ^f vjbvlfrjo i prfsfotir citjs cf ibguojs fcldlnljs kuy
rfprlklcjs y njojnlcjs cf bi nlucic y sf ioiblzirjo bjs kìtjcjs fxlstfotfs piri
fstialblzir bi rfprfslþo0 ^f mio rfpjrticj ibguojs nisjs cf ipblninlþo
ipblninlþo..

Bjs fstucljs sf aisirjo fo uoi grio niotlcic cf fonufstis cf rfnjojnlklfotj

slkpbfs rfnjplbicis fo bi nlucic0 Sikalìo sf ioiblzirjo ibguois prufais cf njoj,
NUS y NUSV. ^f rfiblzþ uoi njkpirinlþo fotrf bis cjs rfgljofs Ujoti ci Urili y
"Nrltlnib ^trlp", quf kufstri bis cldfrfonlis fo fspfsjr y prjplfcicfs
prjplfcicfs gfjtìnolnis cf
bis nipis
nipis cf irfoi
irfoi supfrdlnlib.
supfrdlnlib.

Sikalìo sf mlnlfrjo nébnubjs piri bi prfclnnlþo cf isfotiklfotjs fo fb airrlj cf

Ujoti ci Urili y fo bi "Driohi nrëtlni", tfolfocj fo nufoti bjs kfniolskjs cf
minloiklfotj cf bis irnlbbis cf Ailxici ^iotlsti y bis cldfrfonlis fo fb grjsjr cf bi
nipi cf irfoi supfrdlnlib.

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 9
Njo fb ioéblsls cf bis fonufstis rfnjplbicis, duf pjslabf rfspjocfr ibguois prfguotis
sjarf fb pfrdlb gfjtìnolnj cf bi Jrbi cf ^iotjs, ristrfir fb pfrdlb gfjtìnolnj cfb ajrcf
cfb airrlj cf Ujoti ci Urili y clauhir sfnnljofs i bj birgj cf bi njsti (nfotrj cf bi
pbiyi).

9.- Ufrdlb gfjtìnolnj

gfjtìnolnj cf bi
bi nlucic cf ^iotjs8
^iotjs8

Bis fonufstis cf rfnjojnlklfotj slkpbfs, rfiblzicis i bj birgj cf bjs

iùjs huotj njo bjs fstucljs rfiblzicjs, pfrkltlfrjo rfsuklr fb pfrdlb cf
bi nlucic cf ^iotjs,
^iotjs, isë njkj bi ipirlnlþo cf nipis,
nipis, quf sf cfsnrlaf i
njotlouinlþo8

I vfnfs, cfaihj cf pfqufùis nipis cf tfrripbìo, sf fonufotri irfoi

kfclioi njkpinti njo fspfsjrfs fotrf 4 y 15 k, njo prfcjklolj
fotrf 95 y 96 k, njo uo ^US cf < i >5.

I njotlouinlþo miy nipis cf irnlbbi kuy abiocis,

abiocis, quf Kissic (9<=6)
nbisldlnþ njkj irnlbbis ^DB, njo prjduoclcicfs fotrf 95 y >5 ky
vibjrfs cf ^US fotrf 5 y 3.

Fo prjduoclcic, fonjotrikjs uoi nipi cf irfoi cf njkpinlcic

virliabf

Ujr cfaihj cf 15-16 k cf prjduoclcic, sf fonufotrio irnlbbis cf

trioslnlþo (I.S), tikalìo cfdlolcis pjr Kissic (9<=6). ^jo irnlbbis cf
kfclis i curis, njo vibjrfs cf ^US kiyjrfs cf 6 gjbpfs.

Cfaihj cf bis irnlbbis cf trioslnlþo fs pjslabf fonjotrir nipis cf

irfoi njkpinti y / j sfclkfotjs njotlofotibfs. Fo prjduoclcic fs fb
sufbj rfslcuib.

Fo bis jrlbbis y fo fb djocj cf bjs nioibfs cf bi rfc cf crfoihf, tjcivëi

miy kiogbirfs, quf sjo cldfrfotfs cfb ^Db0 Fstjs sjo sfclkfotjs kés
rfnlfotfs, nirintfrlzicjs njkj bjcj cf tlpj sfclkfotj (bjcj), y tlfofo
vibjrfs cf ^US ; 5.

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 1
Bi Siabi LL prfpirici pjr Kissic (155>) prfsfoti uoi sëotfsls cf bis
cldfrfonlis fotrf bis prjplfcicfs gfjtìnolnis cf bis Irnlbbis Irnlbbjsis

cf Ailxici ^iotlsti. Bjs citjs prfsfoticjs sf jatuvlfrjo rfiblziocj

prufais cf njoj
njoj (NUSV)
(NUSV) y ^US-S.

Siabi
Siabi L „ sëotfs
sëotfsls
ls cf bis
bis prjpl
prjplfci
fcicfs
cfs gfjtì
gfjtìnol
nolnis
nis cf irnl
irnlbbbbis
is kirl
kirloi
ois
s cf
Ailxi
Ailxici
ci ^iotls
^iotlsti
ti (Kissic
(Kissic,, 155>
155>

1.- UQJAB
UQJABFKÉS
FKÉSLNI8
LNI8

Bi nlucic cf ^iotjs fs njojnlci oj sjbj pjr fb mfrkjsj hircëo i bj birgj cf bi pbiyi,

sloj tikalìo pjr prfsfotir
prfsfotir oukfrjsjs
oukfrjsjs prjabfkis
prjabfkis cf isfotiklfotj
isfotiklfotj fo fcldlnljs
fcldlnljs

sjstfolcjs pjr bi nipi supfrdlnlib cf irfoi.

Njo bjs iùjs, fb oøkfrj cf fcldlnljs y fb oøkfrj cf plsjs mio iukfoticj

slgoldlnitlvikfotf, gfofriocj uo iukfotj cf bis tfosljofs fo bis nipis cf irnlbbi, yi
sfi ib iukfotir bi nirgi j pjr bi lotfrdfrfonli cf bis ajkalbbis cf prfslþo cf bjs
fcldlnljs vfnlojs.

Fb rfsubticj cf tjcj fstj sf vf dénlbkfotf mjy fo bi nlucic. Bis intuiblzinljofs

ibniozirjo bjs 915 nk. Oukfrjsjs fcldlnljs fo bi Jrbi cf ^iotjs fstéo lonbloicjs0

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB >
 imjri uoj minli fb jtrj, imjri fo clrfnnljofs jpufstis, y tjcivëi ibguojs quf
rfprlklfrjo i uo bicj slo lodbufonli cf bjs fcldlnljs vfnlojs.

Fo fb prfsfotf triaihj, sf mlnlfrjo njkpirinljofs fotrf bjs fcldlnljs fo fb airrlj cf

Ujoti ci Urili, cjocf oj miy fcldlnljs tjrnlcjs, vlslabfs
vlslabfs i slkpbf vlsti, njo bjs fcldlnljs
yi fstuclicjs pjr jtrjs lovfstlgicjrfs y fxtrfkicikfotf rfprlklcjs ualnicjs fo bi

"Driohi Nrëtlni" cf bi Jrbi cf ^iotjs

Djtj iìrfi cf bi nlucic cf ^iotjs. Cfstinþ bi "driohi nrëtlni" y fb airrlj ci Ujoti ci

Urili

Sflxflri (9<<3) trizþ uo pfrdlb cf tjci bi Jrbi cf ^iotjs, slotftlziocj bi ipirlnlþo cf

nipis cf irfoi y irnlbbi. Fstf pfrdlb, iuoquf ofnfslti ibguois iciptinljofs, tjcivëi sf
usi ikpblikfotf
ikpblikfotf njkj rfdfrfonli
rfdfrfonli piri lbustrir
lbustrir fb suasufbj cf ^iotlsti (dlguri
(dlguri 59).
Kissic (155>) nufstljoþ fb grjsjr cf bi nipi cf irfoi fo fb airrlj cf Ujoti ci Urili
y bi ipirlnlþo cf nipis kés prjduocis, iciptiocj fb pfrdlb cf Sflxflri cf inufrcj njo
bi dlguri 51.

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 3
Gjoçibvfs (1556) fo su Sfsls cf fosfùiozi gritulti kfonljoþ bi cldfrfonli fo fb
njkpjrtiklfotj cf bjs fcldlnljs fo bi rfglþo cf fstuclj, pbiotfiocj bi slgulfotf
prfguoti8

"ºBis irnlbbis kés nfrniois i Ujoti ci Urili tlfofo nirintfrëstlnis cldfrfotfs cf bis
irnlbbis ualnicis
ualnicis nfrni cf Njosfbmflr
Njosfbmflrj
j Oìali

Ufrd
Ufrdlblb Gfjt
Gfjtìn
ìnol
olnj
nj sl
slot
otìt
ìtln
lnj
j ci Jr
Jrbi
bi Ur
Uril
ilio
ioi
i (Djot
(Djotf8
f8 Sflx
Sflxfl
flri
ri,, 9<<3
9<<3))

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 6
Ufrdlb gfjtìnolnj slotìtlnj cf bi pbiyi (Dufotf8 Icipticj cf Sflxflri(9<<3) pjr
Kissic (155>)

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 4
>.-NIV^I^8

Cfscf fb njklfozj cf bi jnupinlþo cf bi pbiyi, sf njojnëi bi prfsfonli cf uoi grufsi

nipi cf irnlbbi kirloi suivf fo fb suasufbj cf ^iotjs y bi rfprfslþo pjr cfosldlninlþo
quf pjcrëi jnurrlr. Fb mfnmj cf quf bi nipi supfrdlnlib cf irfoi sfi njkpinti, njo
uoi tfoslþo pfrkltlci cf 165 i >55 `Ui, bbfvþ i bjs njostruntjrfs cf fsi ìpjni i
njostrulr fcldlnljs njo kés cf 91 plsjs sjstfolcjs sjarf uoi aisf clrfnti, i 9.6-1.5k
cf prjduoclcic.

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 7
 Fs uo mfnmj nurljsj quf fstis rfprfsljofs cldfrfonlibfs oj jnurrfo fo tjcjs bjs
drfotfs0 Miy uoi "driohi nrëtlni" fo bi pbiyi cf ^iotjs, cjocf sf njonfotri fb kiyjr
oøkfrj cf fcldlnljs lonbloicjs, dénlbkfotf vlslabf i slkpbf vlsti. Fsti rfglþo
njkprfocf fb érfi fotrf bjs nioibfs > y 4. Fo fb rfstj cf bi drjotfri, bi rfprfslþo,

fspfnlibkfotf bjs cldfrfonlibfs, duf kunmj kfojr. Fo bi djtj, sf cfstinio bi "Driohi

nrëtlni" y fb airrlj cf Ujoti ci Urili.

3.- NJO^F
NJO^FNVFON
NVFONLI^8
LI^8

Njo bjs iùjs, oj sjbj mi iukfoticj fb tikiùj cf bjs fcldlnljs, sloj tikalìo bi
niotlcic. Fstj gfofrþ uo iukfotj cf bis tfosljofs
tfosljofs triosdfrlcis i bis nipis
njkprfslabfs
njkprfslabf s y tikalìo bi lotfrdfrfonli cf bjs aubajs cf tfoslþo cf bjs fcldlnljs
vfnlojs, bj quf igrivi iøo kés bi sltuinlþo cf bjs fcldlnljs.

Bi cfosldlninlþo y njostrunnlþo cf fcldlnljs kuy nfrniojs fotrf së cfsfonicfoþ uoi

sfrlf cf cfkiocis y pjbìklnis rfbinljoicis njo isfotiklfotjs kutujs j rfnëprjnjs
y fb njoslgulfotf
njoslgulfotf cfsjrcfo cf bis fstrunturis (Sflxflri, 9<<3). Vo fhfkpbj cf fstj

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB =
sf kufstri fo bi djtj, cjocf fb fcldlnlj Kimfkal,
Kimfkal, sf lonbloþ minl
minli
i fb fcldlnlj vfnloj,
vfnloj, fb
fcldlnlj Uiloflris, cfspuìs cf su njostrunnlþo.

^fgøo bj lodjrkicj pjr Sflxflri (9<<3), piri klolklzir bis njosfnufonlis cf bi

rfprfslþo fo bi njsti cf ^iotjs, sf mlzj uo lotfotj cf ibfrtir i bis iutjrlcicfs
njkpftfotfs piri blkltir fb oøkfrj cf plsjs fo fcldlnljs
fcldlnljs ipjyicjs
ipjyicjs pjr uoi aisf
clrfnti i clfz, pfrj fo njotriclnnlþo njo fb quf sf fstlpubþ, bi fspfnubinlþo fo fb
kfrnicj lokjalblirlj iukfotþ fb oøkfrj cf plsjs i 9=.

Fo 9<46, sf prfsfotirjo uoi

uoi sfrlf cf njodfrfonlis
njodfrfonlis fo fb Lostltutj cf Logfolfrëi
Logfolfrëi piri
clsnutlr fb prjabfki cf bis duocinljofs fo ^iotjs. Njkj rfsubticj cf bis clsnusljofs,
sf gfofrirjo cjs cjnukfotjs8 ‒Minli uoi jrlfotinlþo minli fb prjyfntj piri bi
fstrunturi
fstrunt uri cf bi Duocinlþo cf Jaris fo Ailxici ^iotlsti‛ (9<46) y ‒Qfnjkfocinljofs
ib Kuolnlplj cf ^iotjs‛ (9<46). Fo fstjs cjnukfotjs uoi sfrlf cf rfnjkfocinljofs
y rfstrlnnljofs sjarf fb usj cf bi aisf clrfnti fo ^iotjs

Cfscf bi ipirlnlþo cf bjs prlkfrjs prjabfkis cf isfotiklfotj fo bis njostrunnljofs

cf ^iotjs, mi slcj ofnfsirlj kiotfofrsf
kiotfofrsf ib cëi njo bi vfbjnlcic cf bjs isfotiklfotjs
fo bjs fcldlnljs. Sflxflri (9<45), Kinmicj (9<63, 9<6=) y kés rfnlfotfkfotf
rfnlfotfkfotf Nircjsj

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB <
(1551) lodjrkirjo bjs vibjrfs cf bis kfclcis cf isfotiklfotj cf virljs fcldlnljs.
Icfkés cf bjs vibjrfs iasjbutjs y cldfrfonlibfs, bi cfoslcic sfnuocirli yi fri uoi
prfjnupinlþo piri bjs logfolfrjs fo fsf kjkfotj, Tirgis (9<46) sfùibþ8

Bi rfprfslþo jasfrvici fo ^iotjs njrrfspjocf gfofribkfotf i bis nibnubicis pjr bi

tfjrëi cf Sfrzigml. Ufrj miy nisjs fo bjs quf njotlouirjo prjgrfsiocj, fxnfclfocj

bjs vibjrfs prfclnmjs. Fstj cfkufstri bi fxlstfonli, fo sufbjs cf ^iotjs, cf bj quf

sf bbiki njkprfslalblcic sfnuocirli.

Yulzés uo dintjr igriviotf fo ^iotjs duf ickltlr vibjrfs cf rfprfslþo kunmj kés
ibtjs quf fo nuibqulfr jtrj bugir cfb kuocj, njo ibguois fxnfpnljofs, njkj fo bi
Nlucic cf Kìxlnj. ^l, pjr fhfkpbj, sf fstlpubirio 95 nk cf isfotiklfotj njkj uo
vibjr iasurcj, fb triaihj, fo fstis njoclnljofs, oj pjcrëi bbfvirsf i niaj.

3.9.-
3.9.- Fo bj ^jnli
^jnlib8
b8

Icfkés cf bi pjarf ipirlfonli

ipirlfonli vlsuib,
vlsuib, bjs isfotiklfotjs
isfotiklfotjs cldfrfonlibfs
cldfrfonlibfs fxnfslvjs
fxnfslvjs
rfsubtio fo uoi pjarf duonljoiblcic cf bjs fcldlnljs. ^fgøo Sflxflri (9<<3), bi dibti cf
fstrunturis gfofri uoi sfrlf cf prjabfkis njkj8

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 95
 i) cfsolvfbfs cf bjs plsjs
plsjs cf tjcjs bjs plsjs0 isë, cfpfoclfocj
cfpfoclfocj cf bi clrfnnlþo cf fsti
lrrfgubirlcic y cf bi pjslnlþo cf bjs cfsigòfs, fb igui yi oj dbuyf minli fbbjs, slfocj
ofnfsirlj rfminfr fb ajrcf cf bjs plsjs piri njrrfglr fb prjabfki0

a) pìrclci cf bis guëis vfrtlnibfs cf bjs isnfosjrfs, cldlnubtiocj su duonljoiklfotj0

n) cfdjrkinlþo cf pirfcfs cf kikpjstfrëi, kirnjs y kirnjs cf pufrtis, djrziocj

su ihustf0

c) grlftis fo kikpjstfrëi y rfvfstlklfotjs.

Fb mfnmj fs quf bi pfoclfotf cf bjs fcldlnljs cf ^iotjs yi oj fs sjbj uo prjabfki cf

logfolfrëi cf nlklfotjs y fstrunturis. Sikalìo sf mi njovfrtlcj fo uo prjabfki sjnlib
quf clirlikfotf pfrturai bi vlci cf bjs prjplftirljs y rfslcfotfs cf fstjs fcldlnljs.

Icfkés cf bjs lonjovfolfotfs rfpjrticjs, bjs griocfs pfrnionfs niusio prjabfkis

dloionlfrjs, niusiocj quf fstjs fcldlnljs sudrio uoi fojrkf cfvibuinlþo, quf mi
jnurrlcj i bj birgj cf bjs iùjs.

Uiri tfofr uoi lcfi cfb tikiùj cf fsti cfvibuinlþo, pjcfkjs tjkir njkj fhfkpbj
fb fcldlnlj Oøonlj Kibzjof, quf sf cftibbiré kés icfbiotf. ^f njkpjof cf cjs
abjqufs, nuyj drfotf tlfof uo cfpirtikfotj pjr plsj. Iotfs cf rfnupfrir fb fcldlnlj, sf
vfoclþ uoi uolcic cf fstf abjquf pjr Q $

>4,555.55 y fb vibjr cf kfrnicj piri uoi prjplfcic cf fstf tikiùj, drfotf i bi pbiyi,
sfrëi cf Q $ >55,555.55 i 355,555.55

Fb triaihj cfb irqultfntj Ouofs (155>) cfkjstrþ quf bi kiyjrëi cf bjs ipirtikfotjs
pfqufùjs i bj birgj cf bi njsti cf ^iotjs, njo prjabfkis cf isfotiklfotj
slgoldlnitlvjs, fstéo jnupicjs pjr pfrsjois kiyjrfs y sjbtfris quf tlfofo
t lfofo uo logrfsj
kfosuib ojkloib lodfrljr i 95 sibirljs këolkjs. Ouofs (155>) tikalìo fonjotrþ quf
fb lonukpblklfotj fo fb pigj cfb pigj kfosuib, quf virëi cf Q $ 9=5.55 i Q $

115.55, fs kuy ibtj, bj quf minf iøo kés cldënlb rfniucir clofrj piri duturjs triaihjs
cf rfnupfrinlþo.

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 99
6.- ^JBLNLJOF^ V^IOCJ NLKLFOSJ UQJDVOCJ8

Ib njklfozj cf bi jnupinlþo cf bi njsti cf ^iotjs, fb usj cf nlklfotjs prjduocjs fri

lkprintlniabf cfalcj ib njstj kuy ibtj. Mjy, njo fb njstj rfcunlcj, fb cfsirrjbbj cf
oufvis tìnolnis y uo kiyjr
kiyjr njojnlklfotj
njojnlklfotj cf bjs prjabfkis quf
quf jnurrfo nuiocj bjs
bjs
fcldlnljs sf ipjyio fo uoi aisf clrfnti, bi kiyjrëi cf bjs oufvjs cfsirrjbbjs sf bbfvio
i niaj utlblziocj nlklfotjs prjduocjs.

Njkj bjs nlklfotjs cfafo

cfafo pisir i trivìs cf bis nipis cf irnlbbi
irnlbbi abioci (^DB y IS)
piri bbfgir ib sufbj rfslstfotf, oj fs ologøo fqulpj fb quf pufci bbfvir i niaj fb

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 91
prjnfclklfotj cf kiofri fdfntlvi. Intuibkfotf, bis sjbunljofs kés utlblzicis fo
^iotjs sjo8

i) plbjtfs fxnivicjs cf grio clékftrj njo bjcj cf afotjolti j pjbëkfrj,

a) pfrdlb cf kftib njo fb usj cf uo kirtlbbj mlcréublnj, piri rfcunlr bi vlarinlþo fo fb

sufbj

n) plbjtfs cf riëz.

6.9.- Djrtibfnlklfotj cf
cf bi aisf njo plbjtfs prjduocjs8

Miy virlis djrkis cf ipblnir fstf kìtjcj, pfrj fb jahftlvj prlonlpib fs fhfnutir plbis
prjduocis quf vio kés ibbé cf bi nipi cf sufbj abiocj y, pjr kfclj cf vlgis,
njofntirbis ib fcldlnlj piri triosdfrlr bis nirgis i bi oufvi aisf.

Uufcf lonjrpjrir bis plbis fo bi aisf clrfnti fxlstfotf, j prjnfcfr njkj fo fb fcldlnlj
Oøonlj Kibzjol, cjocf bjs zipitjs fxlstfotfs sf mio cfsintlvicj pjr njkpbftj, y bi
triosdfrfonli cf bi nirgi i bi oufvi aisf, sf rfiblzþ abjqufiocj bis vlgis quf
itrivlfsio tjci bi bjogltuc cfb fcldlnlj, ib jtrj bicj.

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 9>
i) Fb nisj
nisj cfb fcldln
fcldlnlj
lj Oø
Oøonl
onlj
j Kib
Kibzjo
zjol8
l8

Fb fcldlnlj Oøonlj Kibzjol, njostrulcj fo 9<47, njosti cf cjs abjqufs (I y A) cf 97

plsjs, 66 k cf ibturi0 Slfof uoi aisf fo bjs zipitjs, sjpjrtici fotrf 9.6 ky 1.5 k
cf prjduoclcic, lotfrnjofnticjs pjr vlgis cf rlglcfz.

Fo 9<7=, muaj fb prlkfr lotfotj cf rfcunlr bjs isfotiklfotjs

isfotiklfotjs cldfrfonlibfs. ^f mlnlfrjo
plbis cf riënfs, cf 16 nk cf clékftrj y 65 k cf prjduoclcic, fo tjcjs bjs zipitjs fo
fb bicj kés rfprlklcj.

Ujnj cfspuìs cf bi fhfnunlþo cfb rfdufrzj, muaj uoi clsklounlþo fo bi rfprfslþo, pfrj

kfsfs cfspuìs vjbvlfrjo i jnurrlr njo vfbjnlcicfs slklbirfs i bis iotfrljrfs, fotrf =
kk / iùj y 9> kk / iùj (Kiddfl ft ib, 155>).

Fb abjquf I cfb fcldlnlj Oøonlj Kibzjol tfoëi uoi lonbloinlþo cf 1.1 gricjs i bi
lzqulfrci y 5.4 gricjs minli fb abjquf A, pirtf lodfrljr cfb fcldlnlj (Kiddfl ft ib, 1555).

Cfspuìs cf fstuclir kunmis prjpufstis cf sjbunlþo y ioiblzir bi rfbinlþo njstj-

afofdlnlj, bjs rfslcfotfs jptirjo pjr fb prjyfntj cfsirrjbbicj pjr Nirbjs F.K. Kiddfl
Fogfomirli, quf prjpusj
prjpusj oj sjbj fstialblzir
fstialblzir bjs isfotiklfotjs,
isfotiklfotjs, sloj tikalìo
rfmialbltir fb fcldlnlj. Bi fhfnunlþo cfb triaihj rfqulrlþ kunmj nulcicj, yi quf tjcj fb
prjnfsj sf bbfvþ i niaj slo quf bjs rfslcfotfs iaiocjoirio bjs fcldlnljs. Fb triaihj sf
pufcf rfsuklr fo nuitrj ftipis8

9ª ft
ftip
ipi8
i8 sf bbfvirjo i niaj 94 plbis (fstinljofs) fxnivicis i nici bicj cfb fcldlnlj
njo uoi prjduoclcic prjkfclj
prjkfclj cf 66 ky clékftrjs quf virëio cf 9.5 ki 9.35 k. Bis
fstinljofs njkfozirjo i njostrulrsf fo fb bicj kfojs rfprlklcj cfb fcldlnlj.

1ª ftipi8 Fhfnunlþo cf vlgis

vlgis cf trioslnlþo. Miaëi slftf vlgis
vlgis prlonlpibfs cf vlriocffb,
vlriocffb,
cf iprjxlkicikfotf 3.6 k cf ibturi, piri rfnlalr bjs fsdufrzjs cf bis njbukois y

trioskltlrbis i bis oufvis duocinljofs. Bi prlkfri vlgi quf sf njostruyþ duf bi vlgi

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 93
cfbiotfri0 bjs jtrjs dufrjo lkpbfkfoticjs cf kiofri lotfrnibici. Bis vlgis
bjogltucloibfs
bjogltucloibfs sfnuocirlis sf njostruyfrjo cfspuìs cfb dloib cf bis vlgis prlonlpibfs.

>ª ft
ftip
ipi8
i8 93 gitjs mlcréublnjs innljoicjs pjr sfls ajkais, lostibicjs fotrf bis vlgis
cf trioslnlþo y bjs oufvjs abjqufs cf nlklfotjs, sf utlblzirjo piri rfnjostrulr fb
fcldlnlj. I ikajs bicjs cf nici kjoj, sf njostruyfrjo ajbircjs piri bi njbjninlþo

cf nibzjs, quf icfkés cf giriotlzir bi sfgurlcic cfb fcldlnlj, slrvlfrjo cf sjpjrtf

piri bis vlgis klfotris sf aihiai fb nursj cf nici kjoj.

Fsj duf ofnfsirlj pjrquf fb nursj cf bjs kjojs virlþ fotrf 6 nk y 96 nk y fb fcldlnlj
sf fbfvþ misti =5 nk ib bicj cfb øbtlkj plbir fo fb bicj lzqulfrcj cfb fcldlnlj.

3ª ft
ftip
ipi8
i8 Cfspuìs cf nirgir bjs kjojs, sf fxnivþ fb sufbj, cf kjcj quf bjs zipitjs
qufcirjo tjtibkfotf blarfs, slo njotintj njo fb sufbj

Imjri rfidlrkicj, Oøonlj Kibzjol trioskltf sus 4655 td ib sufbj, i trivìs cf kjotjofs
prjduocjs.

Fs lkpjrtiotf ojtir quf fb rfihustf sf rfiblzþ sjbj fo fb Abjquf I. Fo fb abjquf A, sf

fhfnutirjo plbjtfs cf riëz
riëz cf 35 nk cf clékftrj, njo uoi prjduoclcic
prjduoclcic prjkfclj
prjkfclj cf
66.5 k. Ufrj fb fcldlnlj oj fstiai mfnmj pjr dibti cf djocjs. Djtjs 5= (i) y 5= (a)
kufstri fb fcldlnlj iotfs y cfspuìs cfb rfihustf

Abjquf I

Abjquf A

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 96
a) Fb nisj cfb fcldlnlj Fxnfbsljr8

Njkj sf kfonljoi fo fb ëtfk 1.6.1 cfb prfsfotf triaihj, fb prlkfr lotfotj cf

fstialblzir bjs isfotiklfotjs cfb fcldlnlj sf rfiblzþ njo bi ipblninlþo cf sjarfnirgi
fo fb bicj kfojs rfprlklcj. Njkj bi sjbunlþo oj tuvj ìxltj, sf cfnlclþ rfdjrzir bjs
nlklfotjs cfb fcldlnlj utlblziocj
utlblziocj plbjtfs cf riëz.
riëz.

^f mlnlfrjo 61 plbjtfs cf riëz, cf 66 k cf birgj y 96 nk cf clékftrj, cfaihj cf bjs

zipitjs kés rfprlklcjs, fo bi rfglþo cf bi fsquloi. Fb prjyfntj prfvlþ bi fhfnunlþo
cf 953 plbis
plbis quf sf fhfnutirëio fo cjs disfs, pfrj njkj fb isfotiklfotj nisl sf
fstialblzþ hustj cfspuìs cfb dloib cf bi prlkfri disf, prfdfrlrëio oj njotlouir njo fb
rfdufrzj.

Bis kfclcis cf blqulcinlþo sf rfiblzirjo pfrlþclnikfotf. ^f cfsnuarlþ quf, pjnj

cfspuìs cf bi fhfnunlþo cf bjs fsqufhfs cf riënfs, bjs isfotiklfotjs sf
fstialblzirjo, pfrj ibgøo tlfkpj cfspuìs jnurrlfrjo oufvikfotf, pfrj fo
prjpjrnljofs kunmj kés pfqufùis. ^fgøo Gjoçibvfs 1553, fo ojvlfkarf cf 9<<1
bi vfbjnlcic cf isfotiklfotj cfb fcldlnlj jsnlbiai fotrf 16 y 91 / cëi. I pirtlr cf 9<<>,
bis vfbjnlcicfs cf isfotiklfotj yi oj sf rfvfbirjo, sfgøo bj cfnlclcj pjr bjs
rfslcfotfs cfb fcldlnlj. Bi djtj 5< kufstri bi sltuinlþo intuib cfb fcldlnlj Fxnfbsljr,
quf sf lonbloi ib njsticj cfb nioib 53.

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 94
n) Fb
Fb nisj
nisj cfb
cfb fc
fcld
ldln
lnlj
lj
Kjrfoé8

Cf inufrcj njo fb ëtfk 1.6.9 cfb prfsfotf triaihj, bjs siogricjs sf rfiblzirjo fo cjs
ftipis fo uo lotfotj pjr rfcunlr bis rfprfsljofs cldfrfonlibfs cfb fcldlnlj. Njkj fb

siogricj oj prjpjrnljoþ aufojs rfsubticjs, sf prfpirþ uo oufvj prjyfntj cf

rfnupfrinlþo.

Fb clsfùj cfb prjyfntj njoslstëi fo triosdfrlr bi nirgi cf bjs plbirfs kés rfprlklcjs, i
bj birgj cf bi drjotfri njo fb fcldlnlj vfnloj, i bjs plbirfs kfojs rfprlklcjs.

^f utlblzþ uoi bëofi cf 97 plbjtfs

plbjtfs kftéblnjs
kftéblnjs (M - 1>x1> nk),
nk), cf 66 k cf prjduocl
prjduoclcic,
cic,
piri sjpjrtir uo slstfki cf gitjs, quf intøio fo fb fxtrfkj cf bis vlgis cf pibioni,
piri trioskltlrbfs bis nirgis cfsficis.

Bis kfclcis cf rfprfslþo fonjotrirjo quf, bi ipblninlþo gricuib cf bis nirgis cftuvj
pjr njkpbftj bi fvjbunlþo cf bi rfprfslþo y rfvlrtlþ
rfvlrtl þ bi tfocfonli cf bi niëci. Misti kiyj
cf 9<76, muaj uo rftjroj cf >, > y 4 kk fo bjs trfs pufstjs cf njotrjb cfb fcldlnlj.
(Gfrafr ft ib., 9<76). Bi djtj 95 kufstri bi sltuinlþo intuib cfb fcldlnlj.

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 97
6.1.- Cfdjrkinlj
Cfdjrkinljofs
ofs njotrjbicis
njotrjbicis kfcliotf
kfcliotf fxtrinnlþo
fxtrinnlþo cf sufbjs abiocjs8
abiocjs8

Fb kìtjcj njoslstf fo niusir cfdjrkinljofs njotrjbicis fo fb fcldlnlj y su

njosfnufotf olvfbinlþo i trivìs cf bi fxtrinnlþo cf bi irnlbbi fo fb bicj kfojs

rfprlklcj y bi loyfnnlþo cf kjrtfrj i kfclci quf sf rftlri fb tjrolbbj slo dlo piri
fblkloir bi irnlbbi. Dibnjol (155>) kufstri fsqufkétlnikfotf njkj sf pufcf fxtrifr
fb sufbj abiocj cfaihj cf bis zipitis (dlguri). Bjs iutjrfs sfùibio quf fstf
prjnfclklfotj rfqulfrf uo slstfki cf kjoltjrfj njotlouj cf bjs isfotiklfotjs cf
plbirfs, piri kjoltjrfir bi fdlnlfonli cfb tritiklfotj

Qfpfrfsfotinljo
Qfpfrfsfotinljo gridlni cf njkj sf pufcf fxtrifr bi irnlbbi pjr cfaihj cf bis zipitis

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 9=
i) Nisj
Nisj c
cff bi
bi ttjrr
jrrff cf
cf p
plsi8
lsi8

LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 9<
LONBLOINLJOF^ CF FCLDLNLJ^ FO ^
^IOSJ^
IOSJ^ CF AQI^LB 15