SGLII_LI DGYGA CGL GB_LSGAJNJSGP CGNGM GP_EGL BOAJCGLGL POQSG

OSJBG XQKFOPJKLGNJPMO, LJNGJ, CGL C_B_LIGL EGM

7. Xoliortjgl tgliiulidgwga
Sgliiuli dgwga cgngm Bgmus Aosgr Agegsg Jlcklosjg (188?4 770:) mompulygj grtj bogcggl
wgdja molgliiuli soigng sosugtulyg (bgngu tordgcj gpg-gpg aknoe cjtultut, cjporsgngebgl,
cjporbgrgbgl). P.D. Fk`eomg Glcrog cgngm Lgsutjkl (18774 35-3:) moliiulgbgl jstjnge
vorgltwkkrconjdb ygli aorgrtj tgliiuli dgwga coligl agtgsgl soagigj aorjbut 4 „gglsprgbonjdb,
„ gglsprgbonjdb,
vorpnj`et tkt eot gfnoiiol vgl vorgltwkkrcjli ol tkt eot crgiol vgl ovolt, tkorobolagro s`egco
(cosiovkrcorrc), jlj ro`eto kf jl aostuursvoraglc ” (tgliiuli dgwga gcgnge bowgdjagl ultub
momjbun portgliiulidgwgagl cgl ejliig momjbun boruijgl (ajng cjtultut gtgu djbg cjtultut) agjb
cgngm bgjtgl coligl eubum mgupul cgngm gcmjljstrgsj). Xglcgligl torsoaut sosugj coligl
olsjbnkpocj gcmjljstrgsj soagigjmglg cjbutjp Lgsutjkl (18774 3:) molcofjljsjbgl rospklsjajnjty
soagigj boegrusgl ultub mongbsglgbgl so`grg ngygb gpg ygli tonge cjwgdjabgl bopgcglyg.
Pmgjn Puly cgngm Lgsutjkl (18774 ?8-?7) molyoautbgl cgngm tokrj eubum cjbolgn 1 (cug)
mg`gm poliortjgl tgliiuli dgwga. Xortgmg jgnge tgliiuli dgwga cgngm grtj sompjt ygjtu tgliiuli
dgwga tglpg sglbsj cgl ygli bocug jgnge tgliiuli dgwga cgngm grtj nugs ygjtu tgliiuli dgwga
coligl sglbsj. Sgliiuli dgwga cgngm jstjnge Agegsg Jliirjs cgngm Bgmus Jliirjs Jlcklosjg
(O`ekns, Dkel M., cgl Egssgl Pegcjny, 7:554 13 1? 357) cjbolgn coligl rospklsjajnjty, ygli
molurut Xjltk cgngm Lgsutjkl (18774 39) rospklsjajnjty cjtudubgl pgcg gcglyg jlcjbgtkr tortoltu
ygli tonge cjtoltubgl tornoaje cgeunu soagigj sugtu bowgdjagl ygli egrus cjtggtj ygli molyoagabgl
ngejrlyg sugtu tgliiulidgwga.

1. Xoliortjgl gbultgajnjtgs cgngm gsuegl boajcglgl

Gbultgajnjtgs pgcg umumlyg cjbgjtbgl pgcg prksos portgliiulidgwgagl toregcgp sorglibgjgl
aoltub pongyglgl
pongyglgl ygli cjaorjbgl gtgu ygli tonge cjngbubgl. Gbultgajnj
Gbultgajnjtgs
tgs morudub bopgcg
portgliiulidgwgagl
portgliiuli dgwgagl sosokrgli bopgcg pjegb ygli momjnjb momjnjbjj egb ultub momjltg
portgliiulidgwgagl.
portgliiuli dgwgagl. Poportj ygli cjbomubgbgl Pocgrmgygltj (188046:) agewg4 „Gbultgajnjtgs
cgpgt cjlygtgbgl soagigj bowgdjagl ultub momaorjbgl portgliiulidgwgagl gtgu moldgwga cgl
molorglibgl bjlordg cgl tjlcgbgl sosokrgli gtgu sugtu krigljsgsj bopgcg pjegb ygli momjnjbj egb
gtgu aorbowolgligl
aorbowolgligl ultub momjltg botorgligl gtgu portgliiulidgwgagl. „
Ajcgl cjgbuj soagigj tolgig prkfossjklgn ygli aortgliiuli-dgwga cgl gbultgaon, ygli aobordg
soagigj mjtrg porompugl ultub momaorjbgl cubuligl, gsuegl cgl lgsoegt songmg mgsg egmjn,
mgsg porsgnjlgl cgl mgsg ljfgs, momjmpjl porsgnjlgl gtgs tgliiuli dgwga solcjrj cgl momaorjbgl
gsuegl bopgcg agyj agru ngejr, cgl agyj. Gsuegl jlj mol`gbup upgyg pol`oigegl, prkmksj
porsgnjlgl lkrmgn,
lkrmgn, cotobsj bkmpnjbgsj
bkmpnjbgsj pgcg jau cgl glgb,
glgb, cgl gbsos agltugl
agltugl mocjs gtgu ag
agltugl
ltugl ngjl
ygli sosugj, sortg mongbsglgbgl tjlcgbgl boigwgt-cgrurgtgl.

0. Xoliortjgl otjbg prkfosjklgnjsmo

Otjbg cjcofjljsjbgl soagigj „Seo
„Seo `egrg`torjstj` glc cjstjligjsejli gttjtucos, egajts, aonjovo,
o`t.,kf gl jlcjvjcugn kr kf irkup” (sjbgp-sjbgp, boajgsggl-boajgsggl, bopor`gyggl-bopor`gyggl cgl
soagigjlyg cgrj sokrgli gtgu sugtu bonkmpkb krgli ygli aorsjfgt beusus cgl moldgcj `jrj pomaocg
gltgrg sokrgli gtgu sugtu bonkmpkb coligl sokrgli gtgu bonkmpkb ygli ngjl). Coligl bgtg ngjl,
otjbg morupgbgl sjstom ljngj-ljngj cgl lkrmg-lkrmg mkrgn ygli moldgcj poigligl agij sosokrgli
gtgu sugtu bonkmpkb cgngm moligtur tjlibge ngbulyg.
Cgrj poliortjgl otjbg molurut agegsg cj gtgs cgpgt cjsjmpunbgl agewg otjbg aoreuauligl coligl
upgyg mololtugbgl tjlibge ngbu mglusjg. Otjbg pgcg egbjbgtlyg moligmgtj rognjtgs mkrgn so`grg
brjtjs, otjbg tjcgb momaorjbgl gdgrgl, mongjlbgl momorjbsg boajgsggl-boajgsggl, ljngj-ljngj, lkrmg-
lkrmg, cgl pglcgliglpglcgligl mkrgn so`grg brjtjs
„Xrkfosjklgnjsmo” gcgnge soautgl ygli molig`u bopgcg sjbgp moltgn cgngm aoltub bkmjtmol cgrj
pgrg gliiktg
gliiktg sugtu prkfosj
prkfosj ultub solgltjgsg
solgltjgsg mowuducbgl
mowuducbgl cgl moljlibgtb
moljlibgtbgl
gl bugnjtg
bugnjtgss prkfosjklg
prkfosjklgnlyg.
nlyg.

Xrkfosjklgnjsmo morupgbgl bkmjtmol pgrg gliiktg sugtu prkfosj ultub moljlibgtbgl

bomgmpugllyg so`grg torus molorus
 Molurut Bgjsor cgngm ( Puergwgrcj Nuajs, 7::346-9 )
Otjbg prkfosj morupgbgl sjbgp ejcup aorupg bogcjngl ultub momaorjbgl pongyglgl prkfossjklgn
toregcgp mgsygrgbgt coligl polue botortjagl cgl bogenjgl soagigj pongyglgl cgngm rglibg
mongbsglgbgl tuigs aorupg bowgdjagl toregcgp mgsygrgbgt.

 Molurut (Glgli _smgl, PE., MPj.)

Otjbg prkfosj gcgnge soagigj sjbgp ejcup ultub momoluej boautuegl pongyglgl prkfosjklgn cgrj
bnjol coligl botornjagtgl cgl bogenjgl soagigj pongyglgl cgngm rglibg bowgdjagl mgsygrgbgt
soagigj bosonuruegl toregcgp pgrg gliiktg mgsygrgbgt ygli momautuebgllyg coligl cjsortgj
rofnobsj ygli sobsgmg,

 Cofjljsj Otjbg Xrkfosj

Otjbg prkfosj gcgnge sjbgp otjs soagigj agijgl jltoirgn cgrj sjbgp ejcup cgngm moldgnglbgl
boejcupgl soagigj poliomagl prkfosj sortg mompongdgrj polorgpgl prjlsjp-prjlsjp mkrgn cgsgr
gtgu lkrmg-lkrmg
lkr mg-lkrmg otjs umum pgcg ajcgli-ajcgl
ajcgli-ajcglii beusus (prkfosj) boejcupgl mglusjg.
Otjbg prkfosj Aorbgjtgl
Aor bgjtgl coligl ajcgli
aj cgli pobordggl ygli
ygl i tonge cjngbubgl
cj ngbubgl sosokrgli
sosokr gli soejliig
sgligtnge pornu ultub moldgig prkfosj cjbgngligl mgsygrgbgt gtgu toregcgp bklsumol (bnjol gtgu
kadob).Otjbg prkfosj momjnjbjbklsop otjbg ygli cjtotgpbgl gtgu cjsopgbgtj pgcg tgtglgl prkfosj
gtgu njlibup bordg tortoltu, `kltke 4 pors cgl durlgnjstjb, olijloorjli (robgygsg), s`jol`o,
mocjs/ckbtor, cgl soagigjlyg.

Xrjlsjp cgsgr cj cgngm otjbg prkfosj 4

7. Sgliiuli dgwga
 Soregcgp pongbsglggl pobordggl jtu cgl toregcgp egsjnlyg.
 Soregcgp cgmpgb cgrj prkfosj jtu ultub boejcupgl krgli ngjl gtgu mgsygrgbgt pgcg
umumlyg.
1. Bogcjngl
0. Xrjlsjp jlj molultut bjtg ultub momaorjbgl bopgcg sjgpg sgdg gpg ygli moldgcj egblyg.
3. Xrjlsjp Bkmpotolsj,mongbsglgbgl pobordggl sosugj dgsg prkfosjklgnlyg, bkmpotolsj cgl
botobulgl
?. Xrjlsjp Xrjngbu Xrkfosjklgn, aorprjngbu bklsjstol coligl roputgsj prkfosj
6. Xrjlsjp Borgegsjggl, moliekrmgtj borgegsjggl jlfkrmgsj
3. Ljngj
Ljngj gcgnge soauge pgtkbgl ygli aorsjfgt lkrmgtjf cgl cgpgt mompoligruej mglusjg cgngm

mololtubgl soauge
ygli morupgbgl pjnjegl
ljngj ygli ,somunglyg
ljngj cjagijsucge
moldgcj cug mg`gm
aorljngj , cjmglg
, ygli bocug torcgpgt
gcgnge ljngj ljngj jltrjstjb
jlstrumoltgn
cjmglg ljngj morupgbgl egsjn cgrj sosugtu gbjagt cjiulgbgl soagigj sgrglg cgngm mol`gpgj
sugtu tudugl
Ljngj gcgnge soauge bklsopsj cgrj gpg ygli cjjlijlbgl cgl mompo mompoligruej
ligruej sosokrgli cgngm
mololtubgl tjlcgbgl toregcgp `grg cgl duig tudugl ygli jlijl cj`gpgj. Ljngj-ljngj (vgnuos) gcgnge
sugtu boygbjlgl sosokrgli toltgli poliegriggl toregcgp sugtu stglcgr gtgu poigligl ygli
moligrge pgcg sjbgp/porjngbu sosokrgli. Pjstom ljngj cgngm sugtu krigljsgsj gcgnge roltgli ljngj-
ljngj ygli cjgliigp poltjli cgl sorjli cjgrtjbgl soagigj porjngbu porsklgn
Ljngj ‐ ljngj (vgnuos) gcgnge sugtu boygbjlgl sosokrgli toltgli poliegriggl toregcgp sugtu stglcgr
gtgu poigligl ygli moligrge pgcg sjbgp gtgu porjngbu sosokrgli. Pjstom ljngj cgngm sugtu
krigljsgsj gcgnge toltgli ljngj ‐ ljngj ygli cjgliigp poltjli cgl sorjli cjgrtjbgl soagigj porjngbu

porsklgn. Ljngj morupgbgl

morupgbgl mjnjb sotjgp prjagcj ygli molig
moligtur
tur nglibge‐nglibge ygli soegruslyg
cjngbubgl bgrolg morupgbgl `otusgl cgrj egtj lurglj ygli cgngm cgl cj porknoe sosokrgli sodgb
bo`jn. Ljngj cjpoligruej knoe njlibuligl cgl polcjcjbgl, ygli molcgpgt poregtjgl beusus, torutgmg
agij pgrg potuigs bosoegtgl bgrolg porbomagligl porgl moldgcjbgl
moldgcjbgl morobg noaje molyg
molygcgrj
cgrj ljngj
cgl egb krgli ngjl. Bngsjfjbgsj ljngj- ljngj gcgnge sugtu prksos cjmglg sokrgli cgpgt
moliiulgbgllyg ultub molijcoltjfjbgsj ljngj-ljngj morobg solcjrj. Pokrgli ajcgl cgngm
mongbsglgbgl gsuegl boajcglgllyg. Pongjl moliiulgbgl jnmu boajcglgl ygli jg mjnjbj duig
cjporbugt knoe ljngj ygli gcg cjcgngm cjrj morobg

?. Ljngj Bklsop cubuligl EGM

EGB Gsgsj Mglusjg morupgbgl sgnge sgtu ulsur cgrj Bklsop Loigrg Eubum, egb gsgsj mglusjg
pgcg cgsgrlyg morupgbg
morupgbgl
l sugtu egb ygli cjmjnjbj sodgb ngejr gtgu egb cgsgr ygli cjmjnjbj knoe
mglusjg soagigj mgbenub jlcjvjcu. Xgcg njlibup lgsjklgn, Xgsgn 15 E gygt (7) __C 7:3? molygtgbgl
agewg sotjgp krgli aoregb ejcup sodgetorg ngejr cgl agtjl, aortompgt tjliign, cgl molcgpgtbgl njlibuligl
ejcup ygli agjb cgl soegt sortg aoregb momporknoe pongyglgl bosoegtgl. Posuliiuelyg dgmjlgl bklstjtusj
toregcgp egb gtgs bosoegtgl tonge gcg sodgb mgsg Bklstjtusj Qopuanjb Jlcklosjg Porjbgt (QJP) tgeul 7:3:.
Cgngm Xgsgn 38 Bklstjtusj QJP torcgpgt botoltugl ygli molygtgbgl, „Xoliugsg solgltjgsg aorusgeg coligl
suliue-suliiue
suliue- suliiue momgdubgl boaorsjegl umum cgl bosoegtgl rgbygt”. Potonge aoltub loigrg sorjbgt
sorj bgt bomagnj
bo aoltub loigrg bosgtugl cgl aorngbulyg _lcgli-_lcgli Cgsgr Pomoltgrg 7:?8 (__CP), botoltugl Xgsgn
38 Bklstjtusj QJP cj gckpsj bo cgngm Xgsgn 31 __CP. Xorsorjbgtgl Aglisg-Aglisg (XAA) pgcg tgeul 7:35
tonge molotgpbgl _ljvorsgn Co`ngrgtjkl kf Eumgl Qjiets, ygli cj cgngmlyg moligtur egb gtgs bosoegtgl.
Cgngm Xgsgn 1? cjlygtgbgl4 „Potjgp krgli aoregb gtgs tgrgf ejcup ygli moldgmjl bosoegtgl cgl bosodgetorggl
ultub cjrjlyg cgl bonugriglyg, tormgsub pgligl, pgbgjgl, porumgegl cgl porgwgtgl bosoegtgl…”
bosoegtgl…”

Igigsgl egb gtgs bosoegtgl soagigj egb gsgsj mglusjg torus aorbomagli agjb cgngm eubum lgsjklgn
mgupul eubum jltolgsjklgn. Cgngm Xgsgn 3 _lcgliulcgli Lkmkr 10 tgeul 7::1 Soltgli Bosoegtgl
 cjlygtgbgl, „Potjgp krgli mompulygj egb ygli sgmg cgngm momporknoe corgdgt bosoegtgl ygli kptjmgn”.
Pomoltgrg jtu cgngm Eubum Jltorlgsjklgn tonge cjbomaglibgl aoragigj jlstrumol egb gsgsj mglusjg, gltgrg
ngjl Bkvolgl Jltorlgsjklgn toltgli Egb-egb Obklkmj, Pksjgn cgl Aucgyg (Jltorlgtjklgn @kvolglt kl
O`klkmj`, Pk`jgn glc @unturgn Qjiets) ygli cjtotgpbgl pgcg tgeul 7:66. Cgngm Xgsgn 71 gygt (7) Bkvolgl
torsoaut cjlygtgbgl agewg „sotjgp krgli mompulygj egb ultub moljbmgtj stglcgr tortjliij ygli cgpgt cj`gpgj
gtgs bosoegtgl fjsjb cgl moltgn”
Gbejrlyg pgcg tgeul 1888, mongnuj Xoruagegl Bocug _lcgli-_lcgli Cgsgr 7:3?, bosoegtgl
cjtoigsbgl soagigj agijgl cgrj egb gsgsj mglusjg. Cgngm Xgsgn 15E gygt (7) cjlygtgbgl, agewg4
„Potjgp krgli aoregb ejcup sodgetorg ngejr cgl agtjl, aortompgt tjliign, cgl molcgpgt njlibuligl
ejcup ygli agjb cgl soegt sortg aoregb momporknoe pongyglgl bosoegtgl.” Mgsublyg botoltugl
torsoaut bo cgngm _lcgli-_lcgli Cgsgr 7:3?, moliigmagrbgl poruagegl pgrgcjimg ygli nugr
ajgsg. Bosoegtgl
Bosoegtgl cjpglcgli tjcgb ngi
ngijj sobocgr urusgl prjagcj ygli torbgjt coli
coligl
gl lgsja gtgu bgruljg
Suegl ygli tjcgb gcg euauligllyg coligl tgliiuli dgwga loigrg, mongjlbgl sugtu egb eubum
(noign rjiets).

CGFSGQ X_PSGBG
Mgrjg Ygttjmolg. 1885. Glgnjsjs Xolorgpgl Ptglcgr Gsuegl Xorsgnjlgl Lkrmgn (GXL) Knoe Ajcgl Cj

Qumge Pgbjt _mum Cgorge Bgaupgtol Pkrkli Xgpug Agrgt. Pomgrgli. Sosjs. _ljvorsjtgs
Cjpkloikrk Pomgrgli. Egn.35^
Yjncgl Puyutej Mustkfg, Bkco Otjb egbjm, (Dgbgrtg4 Bol`glg, 1870), e. ?.
Frgls Mgiljs Pusolk, Otjbg Cgsgr Mgsgnge-Mgsgnge Xkbkb Fjnsgfgt Mkrgn, (Zkiygbgrtg4 Bgljsjus, 7:59),
e. 75.
_LCX, Eumgl Covonkpmolt Qopkrt 188?, Jlcklosjg porjlibgt bo 778 cgrj 799 loigrg