Conveyor Belt 2

e-ISSN: 2582-5208
International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:05/May-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CONVEYOR FOR
AGRICULTURAL APPLICATION
Prof. Dr. V.K. Matsagar*1, Bhushan Ahire*2, Abhishek Mandlik*3,
Bhushan More*4, Durgesh Thorat*5
*1Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering KKWIEER, Nashik, India.
*2,3,4,5Mechanical Engineering Department, KKWIEER, Nashik, India.
ABSTRACT
There are numerous methods for goods transportation, and these systems are commonly used in agriculture
sector for manual goods handling. Traditional methods involves more number of labors and efforts, so there is
need to develop a conveyor system to reduce human efforts and time required. As a result, various sectors will
adopt this method for material transportation since material handling equipment is designed to permit easy,
affordable, rapid, and safe loading and unloading with minimal human interaction while also increasing
efficiency. Automated conveyor systems are increasingly being used in a variety of applications. They are
relatively simple to install in warehouses, cold storages and store houses and operate better when compared to
forklifts and other similar material handling equipment.
Keywords: Conveyor, Goods, Material And Material Handling Equipment.
I. INTRODUCTION
Agriculture’ is derived from the Latin words 'Agri' and 'Culture,' which indicate land or field and cultivation,
respectively. It refers to the science and art of growing crops and raising livestock for profit. In some parts of
Southern India, the history of agriculture can be traced back to the Indus Valley Civilization. India is the second-
largest agricultural producer in the world. In farming, Farmers need to carry goods from farm to market or
farm to cold storages or to store houses, for this purpose crops and goods need to load and unload. This process
requires more number of labours time and efforts which in turns increases process cost. Due to requirement of
high efforts farmers usually finds themselves tired or ill. The purpose of this paper is to decrease material
handling time, effort, and cost in transport systems. The output transportation & packaging can be easily
altered in between the process to save power during material handling using gravity principal. Conveyor belts
have a wide range of applications in agriculture. They're utilised in the feeding process, which involves
processing or freezing vegetables, fruits, and other agricultural items in preparation for packing and shipment
to merchants or other processing factories. Aside from that, these conveyor belts are useful for loading bulk
quantities into vehicles and transporting them to their final destination. These belts have been created to meet
the needs of the agricultural business. Conveyor belt scales are used in a variety of agricultural applications,
including feeding conveyor belts for animals, grapes, sugar, fertilizers, and cereals. Despite large-scale
agricultural mechanization in some parts of the country, most agricultural operations are still done by hand
throughout the rest of the country, using simple and traditional tools and instruments like the wooden plough
and sickle. Ploughing, sowing, irrigating, thinning and trimming, weeding, threshing, and transporting
all crops require little or no machinery. Small and marginal farmers are particularly affected. It results in
enormous human labour waste as well as low labour yields per capita. In recent years, the conveyor belt system
has proven to be one of the most effective methods of product transportation. This system comprises of two or
more drums, sometimes known as pulleys, connected by a conveyor belt.
II. METHODOLOGY
Based on interaction with farmers it is observed that to how much extent farmers face problems for loading and
unloading crops and grains to transport them from one place to another like farms to APMC’s or to private or
government cold storages or farmer owned store houses. The loading and unloading becomes problematic in
different crop. In this periods there is maximum need for such works hence there is availability of workers is
minimum due to this, farmers don’t get workers on time to get their work done. As labors need extra time to do
the work it becomes times consuming yet expensive and it also consumes more efforts.
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Problem Identification
Many of us are not knowing that how a farm produce is brought to market and what kind of difficulties farmers
faces while doing so. When a particular crop is harvested, it is dried in sunshine and then it is sorted and graded
and then with the help of suitable transport vehicle the farm produce is brought to APMC. Here loading and
unloading operation is common in every crop. When farmer or merchant want to move the farm produce from
one place to another place loading and unloading process is carried out. Due to this farmers do not get labours
on time due to heavy work load on labours and loading and unloading works require more number of labours
and high human efforts, due to this farmers needs to pay more to labours hence farmers are more affected. The
problem of loading and unloading can be understood from the approximate annual crop production in
Maharashtra state in the year 2018-19.
Table 1. Overall crop production in India in FY 2018-19
Crop Production (In MMT)
Onion 11.36
Potato 4.923
Soyabean 3.94
Wheat 2.08
Bajra 1.146
Maize 2.24
Groundnut 0.32
Problem Analysis
Taking cultivated grains, vegetables and other items manually from their field to out of the field is difficult,
time-consuming, and labour-intensive. As a result, farmers are having difficulty transporting finished items
such as tomato, onion, grains etc from one location to another.
Development of Solution
For loading and unloading purpose, it is necessary to develop a conveyor system which will help farmers to
load and unload goods with minimum numbers of labours. The belt above rollers in belt conveyor, which
results in a smooth carrying operation. The belt conveyor is made up of single belt that is linked together to
form a continuous system. Each roller provide a free rotating interaction with the belt in most cases. This
produces a flat surface on which tooling details or fixtures can be put to keep pieces in place. Belt Conveyors are
utilized in horizontal as well as in inclined applications and move at a modest speed. They're frequently
employed to move goods. As a result, these approaches assist in resolving the problem of material handling in
agriculture. India is the world's biggest producer of wheat, soyabean, mustard, and other grains. Farmers must
rinse and dry these harvested grains in the sun for two to three days before storing them. Sorting and grading
grains is a time-consuming and difficult operation. Farmers sort and grade grains with tools like spiral seed
graders. It stands about ten feet tall. Lifting grains 10 feet in the air is a difficult task. As a result, this conveyor
can be used for this application. In a spiral seed grader, a conveyor can be employed to lift and dump grains.
Farmers will find it easier to clean and load produce using a conveyor. For various applications in agriculture
farmers need to load and unload goods in different transport vehicles, each transport vehicle have different
dimensions so Universal conveyor can be used, which will be able to change its length and height according to
dimensions of transport vehicle. For loading and unloading goods farmers use different transport vehicles, in
most of the cases the transport vehicle size varies according to quantity of goods. So while designing conveyor,
various transport vehicles dimensions are considered.
Table 2. Transport Vehicles
Sr. No Transport vehicle Dimensions (Height) Loading Capacity (Tons)
1. Tractor Trolley 5.75 Ft 2.7-2.8
2. Pick-Up 4 Ft 1.8-1.9
3. Mini truck 3 Ft 0.5-0.6
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III. CONCEPT DESIGN
For designing conveyor system finding out optimum dimensions was very important. As the major focus of the
conveyor is on the loading and unloading purpose, so the transport vehicle used by farmers are used as primary
source of finding dimensions of the system. For designing the conveyor system various parameters were
required and they are as follows:
1. Optimum height:
For finding out suitable height transport vehicle dimensions are considered. From Table 2. it is observed as the
maximum height is 6 feet and another applications such as the spiral seed grader has maximum height of 10
feet so the conveyor is designed for 5.5 feet maximum height for prototype manufacturing.
2. Suitable angle for inclined conveyor:
The conveyors can be designed for maximum 35-degree angle so to cope up with the transport vehicle height
the maximum inclination is fixed as 35 degrees and minimum 29 degrees.
3. Optimum length:
According to maximum height and conveyor inclination the maximum length is considered as 13 feet, but for
prototype manufacturing it is considered as 6.5 feet.
4. Required belt width:
As farmers will transfer onion and other allied family crops such as potato ginger etc. and grains from one place
to another, so the dimensions of 50 kg sack are taken into account. After measuring the sack dimensions, it was
observed that maximum 300 mm width will be suitable.
5. Maximum load application:
For designing prototype maximum load considered is 55 kg as the working length is less so there will not be so
much space for placing more weight in form of sacks or directly onions and potatoes on conveyor in bulk
quantity. After considering these parameters, the final model of designed conveyor is rendered. Various
parameters are considered for deciding the dimensions of conveyor the conveyor should compensate the length
and height according to different vehicles. Two frames are used to vary conveyor dimensions, main frame is
fixed one and sliding frame slides according to length required. Mechanical arrangement is made to adjust
height and linkage is used to change conveyor length according to application. Base is designed according to
application of load, as farmers need to load and unload goods in different farms and places for toeing purpose
we have provided wheels so that farmers can take away conveyor with tractor and any other transport vehicle.
As per the ground based collected data following design model Figure 1 is finalized as concept model for
manufacturing model.
Figure 1: Design Model

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Table 3. Parts of Conveyor
Part No. Component
1. Base
2. Frame
3. Pulley
4. Telescopic arrangement
5. Cleated belt with guides
6. Belt length changing mechanism
7. Motor With Gear Box
IV. MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Material Specification: -Mild Steel Composition:  Carbon 0.20% - 0.30%  Manganese: 0.30% - 0.60% Uses:
General purpose steels for low stressed components.
Table 4. Details of Analysis
Sr. No Parameter Specification
1. Software used Ansys Workbench
2. Total load applied 500 N
3. Material Mild steel
Analysis of Base
Figure 2: Total Deformation of Base
Figure 3: Maximum Principal Stress on Base

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Figure 4: Maximum shear stress on Base

Details of analysis:
Total maximum Deformation: 4.55×10-7 m
Maximum principal stress: 50905Pa
Maximum principal stress: 25692 Pa
Analysis of Frame
Two types of frames are designed and they are tested for 500 N Load. The analysis of frames is done with
considering internal support. Their analysis results are as follows:
Figure 5: Total Deformation Frame
Figure 6: Maximum Principal Stress on Frame

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Figure 7: Maximum Shear Stress on Frame

Details of Analysis on Frame
Total maximum deformation: 4.07×10-5 m
Maximum principal stress: 5.97× 105 Pa
Maximum Shear stress: 5.85×105 Pa
Analysis of Telescopic Arrangement
Figure 8: Total Deformation of Telescopic Arrangement
Figure 9: Maximum Principal Stress on Telescopic Arrangement

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Figure 10: Maximum Shear Stress on Telescopic Arrangement

Analysis results of Telescopic Arrangement
Total maximum deformation: 1.75×10-6 m
Maximum principal stress: 5.17 ×105 Pa
Maximum Shear stress: 5.47×105 Pa
V. FINAL DESIGN
Figure 11: Actual Model

VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The test was carried out on conveyor to find out its operational parameters. In this test the conveyor is tested
for different loads and the variation in velocity is calculated for respective load. As conveyor length and height
can be changed, so in test conveyor is tested for different height, length and inclination. Velocity variation is
observed for respective load during testing. Test conducted in room, where the surface was flat and there is no
inclination for product. For taking trial on final product weighted onion was taken and was conducted for
various length inclination and following results were present.
1. For handling the minimum weight of 3 Kg of agricultural product, the minimum time required to travel from
initial position to final position of conveyor and it is 10.33 seconds.
2. after increasing the load on conveyor, it takes the maximum time than previous condition for same length of
conveyor.
3. With the increase inclination of conveyor maximum torque is required to shift the agricultural product from
one place to another.
4. For the lowest load (3 Kg) time required is less and for moderate (5 Kg) and maximum load (10 Kg) the time
requirement is more.
5. Velocity for lowest load is maximum and for heavier weight it is less.

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6. It was observed that, whenever there was 10 kg load application there was sufficient increased noise level is
observed.
7. For the lowest angle time the time required for load transfer is less than that of highest angle.
VII. CONCLUSION
This project analyses the time spent manually for loading and unloading of crops by traditional methods in an
agricultural field and shows how using a material handling conveyor system in the field decreases time, cost,
and manpower. The main purpose for building this machine is to reduce worker’s effort during handling of
Goods. The transport of the material is made easier& atomized. This conveyor can be used in farms APMC’s,
warehouses, and food industry easily. So, in all matter it is the better than fixed conveyor system. This Conveyor
System for material handling is improves the speed of material handling. And this system reduces the human
effort. The workers are eliminated and the ultimately the operation cost is reduced and profit get increased.
VIII. REFERENCES
[1] Abhijit Gaikwad, Yogesh Raut, Jitendra Desale, Akshay Palhe, Govinda Shelar , Shreekant Pawar,
“Design and Development of Automated Conveyor System for Material Handling”, IOSR Journal of
Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) eISSN: 2278-1684,(2017)p-ISSN: 2320-334X, pp. 31-34
[2] Mukalu Sandro Masaki,Lijun Zhang, Xiaohua Xia “A Comparative Study on the Cost effective Belt
Conveyors for Bulk Material Handling.” Science Direct 2017 Energy Procedia 142 (2017) 2754–2760
Gyusoo Kim and Seulgi Lee, “2014 Payment Research”, Bank of Korea, Vol. 2015, No. 1, Jan. 2015.
[3] Wulantuya, Hongbo Wang, Chunguang Wang, Qinglin, “Theoretical analysis and experimental study on
the process of conveying agricultural fiber materials by screw conveyors” Engenharia Agrícola ISSN:
1809-4430,(2020)
[4] Daniyan Ilesanmi A.,Daniyan O. Lanre, Mayungbe, O. Elijah and Oguntuase O. Bolaji , “Development of a
Belt Conveyor for Small Scale Industry”, IOSR Journal of Mechanical Engineering.
[5] Pradnyaratna A Meshram& Dr. A R Sahu, Design Modeling and Analysis of conveyor system used for
transportation of Cartons, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Vol.4, No.1, January
2016, E-ISSN: 2321-9637,pp.79-88.
[6] Textbook of Design of Machine Elements V.B.Bhandari. Third Edition.
[7] Coimbtore PSG Design Data Book of Engineers By PSG College - Kalaikathir Acghchgam.

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e-ISSN: 2582-5208

International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

Figure 1: Design Model

Figure 2: Total Deformation of Base

Figure 3: Maximum Principal Stress on Base

Figure 4: Maximum shear stress on Base

Figure 5: Total Deformation Frame

Figure 6: Maximum Principal Stress on Frame

Figure 7: Maximum Shear Stress on Frame

Figure 8: Total Deformation of Telescopic Arrangement

Figure 9: Maximum Principal Stress on Telescopic Arrangement

Figure 10: Maximum Shear Stress on Telescopic Arrangement

Figure 11: Actual Model

www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

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