GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11 - To find out if two functions are the inverses of

each other, use Composite Function to verify.

INVERSE FUNCTIONS 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 1; 𝑔(𝑥) =
𝑥−1
3
−1
Inverse Function (𝑓 ) 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 3(
𝑥−1
) + 1, 𝑥 − 1+1 = 𝑥
3
- set of ordered pairs obtained from f by (3𝑥+1) −1 3𝑥
𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = − 1, 3 = 𝑥
interchanging the first and second 3

elements of each ordered pair If they yield the same answer, they are
- inverse of a certain operation inverses of each other.
1. ADD - SUBTRACT
2. MULTIPLY - DIVIDE - If it is not a one-to-one function, there is no
3. PERFECT SQUARE - SQRT inverse function. Its inverse won’t be
considered a function.
Steps to Find the Inverse
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = 8𝑥 − 1 EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
1. Switch x & y Exponential Function
𝑦 = 8𝑥 − 1, 𝑥 = 8𝑦 − 1 - has the variable in the exponent, not in
2. Solve y the base
𝑥 3
𝑥+1
=
8𝑦
; 𝑦 =
𝑥+1 - 3 is an example, not 𝑥
8 8 8
- General Form:
3. Change the functional notation 𝑥
𝑥+1 𝑥+1 −1 𝑥+1 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 , 𝑏 > 0
𝑦 = 8
𝑡𝑜 𝑓(𝑥) = 8
/𝑓 (𝑥) = 8

Information to Remember:
- Only one-to-one functions have inverses
which are also functions. You can find out if a
function is one-to-one through Horizontal Line
Test.
One-to-one functions
𝑓(𝑥1) = 𝑓(𝑥2), 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑥1 = 𝑥2

- Each y value, there is only ONE x value in

one-to-one functions.

- A function and its inverse are symmetrical.

−1
- The domain of 𝑓 (𝑥) is the range of 𝑓(𝑥)
 - The function never crosses the x-axis because
there is nothing we can plug in for x that will
yield a zero answer.

- A smaller base = gradual rise in graph, a

larger base = quick rise in graph

- Exponential functions are used in the real

world to measure growth, interest, and decay.
Steps to Solve Exponential Functions
1. If they have the same base and
SOLVING WORD PROBLEMS
different exponents, equate the
INVOLVING EXPONENTIAL AND/OR INVERSE
exponents to each other and solve for x.
FUNCTIONS
Compound Interest
- arises when interest is added to the
principal (initial investment or debt), so
that from that moment on, the interest
that has been added also itself earns
interest.
2. If different bases, extract the bigger - The addition of interest to the principal
number or both of the numbers to see if is called compounding.
they can have the same bases. Once the - According to Albert Einstein,
same bases are present, do step 1. “Compound interest is the most
powerful force in the universe.”

FORMULA
𝑟 𝑛𝑡
𝐴 = 𝑃(1 + 𝑛
) , where
P = # of dollars (present value)
r = rate (divide by 100 to get decimal form)
n = # of interest payments per year
- monthly = 12 payments/y
- semi-monthly = 24 payments/y
- quarterly = 4 payments/y
- semi-annually = 2 payments/y
- annually = 1 payment/y
t = # of years
A = # of dollars (future value)

Information to Remember:
- Exponential functions with POSITIVE BASES
GREATER THAN 1 have graphs that are
INCREASING.
 - a < b; not a proposition
Propositional variable
- represented by a lower case of capital
letter in the English alphabet
Examples:
- P: “1 is an even number”; a propositional
variable
Propositional Form
- an assertion which contains at least one
propositional variable
- appears as a sequence; symbols
containing propositional variables and
logical connectives or connectors

Primitive Proposition
- can not be broken down in to simple
proposition
Composite or Compound Proposition
- can be broken down in to two or more
primitive propositions

Continuous Compound Interest

FORMULA
𝑟𝑡
𝐴 = 𝑃𝑒 , where
P = # of dollars (present value)
e = 2.71828169…
r = rate (divide by 100 to get decimal form)
t = # of years Negation
A = # of dollars (future value) - any statement P which can be formed
by using the word ‘not’; symbol is ~P
PROPOSITIONS Disjunction
Propositions (Statements) - denoted by P v Q, read as “P or Q”
- A sentence which is either TRUE or whose truth value depends on P or Q
FALSE but not both. Conjunction
Examples: - denoted by P ^ Q, read as “P and Q”
- 3 + 5 = 8; proposition whose truth value depends on P and Q
Implication
P Q PvQ
- conditional statements which are
sometimes called if-then statements T T T
- “if” part is hypothesis, “then” is
F T T
conclusion
- represented by P -> Q T F T

Grouping Marks F F F

Conjunction - can only be true if each

proposition is true
P Q P^Q

T T T

F T F

T F F

F F F
Translating English Statements to
Propositional Forms Implication - will be false if true hypothesis is
followed by a false conclusion
P Q P→Q

T T T

- G v ~A F T T

T F F

- A → (G v T) F F T

TAUTOLOGY, CONTRADICTION &

- G → ~(~A ^ ~T)
CONTINGENCY
Tautology
TRUTH VALUES OF PROPOSITIONS
- a compound statement that is true for
Negation
all possible combination of the truth
P ~P values of the propositional variables,
also called logically true
T F

F T

Disjunction - can only be false if each

proposition is false
Contradiction
- a compound statement that is false for
all possible combination of the truth
values of the propositional variables,
also called logically false or absurdity

Contingency
- a compound statement that can either
be true or false, depending on the truth
values of the propositional variables;
are neither a tautology nor a
contradiction