PROF ED 12 | FIELD STUDY 1

JERVYN E. GUIANAN | Fourth Year Block-A

Episode 16
On Teacher's Philosophy of Education

Activity 16.1 Analyzing DepEd's Philosophy of Education

Resource Teacher: Eralyn D. Darca Teacher’s Signature: ___________________

School: Rapu-Rapu Central School
Grade/Year: Two
Subject Area: Filipino Date: November 28, 2022
OBSERVE
Philosophies of Education
1. Essentialism – teach mastery
of the basics; curriculum is
prescribed; subject matter –
centered there are universal,
objectives values; inculcate
values in subject matter
2. Perennialism – teach those
that last, the classics; there are
universal values; inculcate the
universal, objective values
3. Progressivism – very child-
centered; teach those that
interest the child; one learns by
experience; learners learn by
doing so teacher teacher’s
teaching is experiential; values
are subjective; no inculcation of
values since they are subjective;
instead teachers help students
clarify their values
4. Reconstructionism – school is
agent of change; schooling is
preparing students for the social
Which philosophies are Which philosophies are
expressed in the DepEd Vision, expressed in the Kids to
Mission Statements, Core 12 Curriculum Framework
Values, Mandate? Give proof. and Guide and Sec 5 of
RA 10533? Give proof.
Essetialism – The core values of Essentialism – List of
maka-Diyos, maka-tao, maka- standards and
kalikasan and maka-bansa show competencies that learners
that DepEd is essentialist. DepEd are expected to attain is the
believes in unchanging values subject matter that student
that need to be inculcated. are expected to learn.
- Essentialist
The core values of maka-Diyos,
maka-tao, maka-kalikasan, and
makabansa illustrate that DepEd
Perennialism and a mission to
develop life-long learners are
fundamental to DepEd.
Teachers facilitate learning and
continually develop the potential
of each learner. Learner
Centered Teaching seeks to
improve students' problem-
solving and critical thinking
abilities.
They create, administer, and
design policies, programs, and
initiatives for elementary
changes; teaching is involving education.
the students in discussions of
moral dilemmas
5. Existentialism – teachers The institution's staff, both
teach learners to make choice, teaching and non-teaching,
to make decisions and not ensures an enabling and
merely to follow the crowd; one supporting environment for good
who does not make choice and learning to occur.
so simply follow others do not
leave meaningful life
6. Pragmatism -that which is As administrators of the
useful, that which is practical and institution, administrators and
that which works what is good; staff make sure that there is a
that which is efficient and conducive and encouraging
effective is that which is good. environment for optimal learning.
e.g showing a video clip on Promoting every Filipino's right to
mitosis is more efficient and a basic education that is both
more effective and therefore high-quality and ethical.
more practical that teacher
coming up with a visual aid by
drawing mistosis on a Carolina
or illustration board
7. Rationalism – emphasizes the The DepEd core values give the
development of the learners’ students an opportunity to speak
reasoning powers; knowledge up and present a solid
comes through reason; teacher explanation for their actions or
must develop the reasoning behaviors.
power of the learner
8. Utilitarianism – what is good is Teachers encourage learning and
that which is most useful (that provide continuous support to
which brings happiness) to the every student. The teaching and
greatest number of peoples; learning process is facilitated by
every teacher.
9. Empiricism – source of Children-friendly, gender-
knowledge is through the sensitive, safe, and exciting
senses; teacher must involve the learning environments are
senses in teaching-learning provided for students.
10. Behaviorism – behavior is Teachers encourage learning as
shaped deliberately by forces in well as provide continuous
the environment and that the support for every student. A
type of person and actions encouraging and enabling
desired can be the product of environment is established by the
design; behavior is determined teacher to promote effective
by others, rather than by learning. The education of
person’s own free will; teacher lifelong learners is actively
must carefully shape desirable supported by family, the
behavior; drill are commonly community, and other
used to enhance learning, stakeholders.
rewards reinforce learning.
11. Constructivism -learners are The development of the students
capable of constructing is a shared duty between the
knowledge and meaning; family, the school,
teaching-learning therefore is the community, and other
constructing knowledge and stakeholders. They strive to
meaning; teacher does not just establish and maintain a
“tell” or dictate but asks learners sufficient, adequate, and
for knowledge they construct and framework of basic education that
meaning of lesson is applicable to the objectives of
national development.
12. Other Philosophies

Activity 16.2 Articulating My Personal Philosophy of Teaching

Resource Teacher: Eralyn D. Darca Teacher’s Signature: ___________________
School: Rapu-Rapu Central School
Grade/Year: Two
Subject Area: Filipino Date: November 28, 2022
OBSERVE
Here are philosophies of education. Find out which philosophies were manifested
in class by observing what and how teacher teaches and relates to learners.

Philosophies of Education Teaching Behavior (State what the

1. Essentialism – teach mastery of the
basics; curriculum is prescribed; subject
matter – centered there are universal,
objectives values; inculcate values in
subject
2. Perennialism – teach those that last,
the classics; there are universal values;
inculcate the universal, objective values
3. Progressivism – very child-centered;
teach those that interest the child; one
learns by experience; learners learn by
doing so teacher teacher’s teaching is
experiential; values are subjective; no
teacher said, taught or did).
In what way was teacher essentialist?
e.g. He/she saw to it that the students
mastered basic concepts and skills.
He/she inculcated values.
The traits and attitude of the teachers
have a significant influence on the lives of
the students. She imparted knowledge and
skills to his students that they can use
outside of the classroom.
The teacher uses a learner-centered
classroom and facilitates active learning.
inculcation of values since they are
subjective; instead teachers help
students clarify their values
4. Reconstructionism – school is agent The school promises to teach the students
of change; schooling is preparing for the better and prepare them for the
students for the social changes; teaching future. Not only this, the school also aims
is involving the students in discussions to provide the students some skills and
of moral dilemmas knowledge that that they can use in the
real life.
5. Existentialism – teachers teach The teacher enhances the students
learners to make choice, to make problem solving and critical thinking skills
decisions and not merely to follow the which are necessary to the real world. This
crowd; one who does not make choice skills makes it easier for them to make
and so simply follow others do not leave decisions.
meaningful life
6. Pragmatism -that which is useful, that Students learn valuable lessons from their
which is practical and that which works teachers, who somehow inspire them to
what is good; that which is efficient and become a better people.
effective is that which is good. e.g
showing a video clip on mitosis is more
efficient and more effective and therefore
more practical that teacher coming up
with a visual aid by drawing mistosis on
a Carolina or illustration board
7. Rationalism – emphasizes the
development of the learners’ reasoning
powers; knowledge comes through
reason; teacher must develop the
reasoning power of the learner
8. Utilitarianism – what is good is that
which is most useful (that which brings
happiness) to the greatest number of
peoples;
9. Empiricism – source of knowledge is The teacher creates an engaging and
through the senses; teacher must enjoyable learning environment in which
involve the senses in teaching-learning students can utilize all of their senses
while learning rather than just listening to
what is being said.
10. Behaviorism – behavior is shaped The teacher being considered as the
deliberately by forces in the environment second parent or “loco parentis” develops
and that the type of person and actions the student’s behavior and characteristics
desired can be the product of design; within the classroom.
behavior is determined by others, rather
than by person’s own free will; teacher
must carefully shape desirable behavior;
drill are commonly used to enhance
 learning, rewards reinforce learning.
11. Constructivism -learners are capable The teacher provides learning and
of constructing knowledge and meaning; performance activities in order for the
teaching-learning therefore is students to apply the skills and knowledge
constructing knowledge and meaning; they have learned into practice.
teacher does not just “tell” or dictate but
asks learners for knowledge they
construct and meaning of lesson
12. Other Philosophies

ANALYZE
1. Based on your findings and observations in Activity 16.1 and Activity 16.2, which
philosophies of education are dominant in Philippine basic schools? Why do you
say so?
Answer:
Essentialism and behaviorism are the two main educational theories used
in elementary schools in the Philippines, based to what I have observed.
According to our observations, teachers are more likely to adhere to this type of
teaching philosophy. The teaching method known as educational essentialism
claims that pupils should properly understand the fundamental subjects. In the
Philippines, classroom teachers already have expertise in the subject and ensure
that their students are learning in their classes.

2. If there is one philosophy that schools and teachers should give more attention
to, what should that be and why?
Answer:
Having one's own philosophy and understanding has a significant impact
on someone's identity, behaviors, and judgement. It serves as the framework for
maintaining one's integrity. One needs to have philosophies they can support in
order to become a successful teacher. Making a difference or, as I like to say,
preparing the pupils for the future are more important than just evaluating the
scope and sequence, which is the only responsibility of the. Each teacher picked
a difficult path while deciding on their vocation.

REFLECT
What is your philosophy of teaching? This describes what you believed you
should teach, how you should teach and how you should relate to others in school –
with the learners, you colleagues, your superiors and all other stakeholders. Write them
down. This is your title, “My Philosophy of Teaching.”

My Philosophy of Teaching

I believe that the learner are different from each other. Every students has their
own strengths and weaknesses making them vulnerable to something that makes
someone succeed. The behavior of each students may vary because of the multiple
factors that may affect their behavior it may also be applicable to their characteristic,
development and intellectual capacity.

I believe that I should teach the learners carefully where each differences should
be take into consideration. This method can only be achieved by observing each
student carefully and try to understand them. Through learning the students differences
the teacher can create, plan and execute a method that is efficient and beneficial to the
students

I believe that I help the students understand the importance of education and
how to put what they have learned to use in their everyday life. You will develop into an
intelligent learner once you value all you learn. By being a role model for them, I will
demonstrate to them how to value what they learn.

LINK Theory to Practice

1. In its vision and mission statements, DepEd wants to develop learners. . .” whose
values and competencies enable them to realize their full potential. . . . “On which
philosophy of education is this mission statement anchored?
A. Existentialism C. Essentialism
B. Empiricism D. Pragmatism

2. Based on the DepEd’s mission statement, “quality basic education means that
students learn in a child-friendly, gender-sensitive, safe, and motivating environment”.
This implies that DepEd believes that environment affects learning. Which philosophy
of education is this?
A. Utilitarianism C. Essentialism
B. Empiricism D. Behaviorism

3. Field Study 1 which is primarily observation of classes and teachers, is based on

which philosophy of education?
A. Utilitarianism C. Essentialism
B. Empiricism D. Behaviorism

4. The inclusion of logic and critical thinking as subjects in the curriculum is an offshoot
of which philosophy?
A. Rationalism C. Existentialism
B. Utilitarianism D. Progressivism

5. It’s Valentines’ Day. The lesson is a part of human digestive system - the stomach.
Students bargain with teacher and so ask if they can discuss the heart in place of the
stomach. Teacher responds “Let’s talk about the stomach which is the lesson for today
then go to the heart when we are done with stomach. Based on philosophies of
education, which is TRUE of teacher?
 A. Is essentialist in the sense that she sticked to the subject matter for the day and
progressivist since
she also considered student’s interest.
B. Is pragmatic because it was practical to give way to students; request even if she
prepared for the
day’s lesson
C. Is utilitarianist because she considered both lessons useful
D. Is empiricist, she used visual aids for her lesson

6. What do the DepEd vision and mission statements and core values imply about
Philippines educational system?
I. It is highly essentialist and perennialist.
II. It believes in universal, objective, unchanging values.
III. It is reconstructionist.
A. I only C. II and III
B. I and III D. I, II and III

7. For a lesson on developing classifying skills, instead of making students bring objects
to classify, teacher considers it most practical to simply use the students’ body parts like
kinds of ear lobes, kinds of hair line or a lesson on classifying. On which philosophy is
teacher’s practice anchored?
A. Pragmatism C. Utilitarianism
B. Progressivism D. Empricism

8. The history of curriculum development in the Philippines shows reduction of units in

the humanities but an increase in the natural and physical sciences. On which thought
is this action based?
A. Perennialism C. Utilitarianism
B. Progressivism D. Empricism

9. There are a number of laws in the Philippines requiring the teaching of subject matter
such as taxation and agrarian reform, etc. This proves that schools must bring about
reform in society. On which philosophy of education is this based?
A. Perennialism C. Empricism
B. Progressivism D. Reconstructionism

10. Teacher makes use of moral dilemmas to enable students to make a stand in moral
issues. Which word CORRECTLY applies to teacher’s teaching practice?
A. Behaviorist C. Rationalist
B. Existentialist D. Pragmatist