6.

0 RESULT
1. Name each equipments/apparatus
NO EQUIPMENT / APPARATUS NAME

1 Product A & B

2 Speed Controller

3 Pressure meter

4 Air compressor

5 Start, Stop, Home push button

1
6 Sensor

7 Frequency Drive

8 Storage Place

9 Stepper motor

10
Fuse

2. Label components of each module for the PLC

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 MODULE 1: LOADING
Product A & Pusher
Reject Sensor Extend Product A Presence

Conveyor Motor Product B presence

Product Pusher
Extend
Product B & Pusher
Reject Pusher Button Push Start,
Extend
MODULE 2: PRESSING
Extend Stop, Home
Gripper Gripper Pick
Open/Close Position

Gripper Place
Position
Gripper Extend

Button Push Start,

Stop, Home

Gripper
Up/Down MODULE 3: PICK & PLACE
Product B Sensor Product A Sensor

X Axis

Y Axis
Storage place

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 3. Explain the function of the input, CPU and output devices for the PLC.

Input Devices:

 Input devices are responsible for gathering information from the physical and
providing it to the PLC for processing. These devices monitor various parameters,
conditions, or events and convert them into electrical signals that the PLC can
interpret.

Central Processing Unit (CPU):

 Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is the main system of the PLC. It receives
and processes input signals, executes programmed logic, and generates outputs based
on the program's instructions

Output Devices:

 Output devices receive signals from the PLC's CPU and convert them into physical
actions or control signals. These devices act upon the processed information and
affect the external world accordingly.

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 4. Explain which speed (low, medium or high) is suitable for the PLC.

Medium speed: For certain applications, it usually refers to PLCs with moderate processing
power and low scan times in the range of a few milliseconds to tens of microseconds.
Moderate speed capable of handling more complex control tasks than low-speed and hard
PLCs. If the application involves moderately complex control logic, a medium-speed PLC
can provide the necessary processing power.

7.0 DISCUSSION

a) Explain the function of each module.

Module Name Function

1 Loading Module Supply the aluminium product A and B to module

2. System will auto reject the plastic parts from the
reject system.

2 Pressing Module Pressing the product A into product B and transfer

the assembled product to module 3.

3 Pick and Place Module Pict the assembled product from module 2 into the
rack 4 x 2 with stepper motor.

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 b) Explain the operation of the PLC Module.
Module 1 Module 2 Module 3

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 1. Press down HOME 1. Press down HOME push 1. Press down HOME
push button to home button to home the push button to home the
the module. module. module.
2. When Home sequence 2. When Home sequence is 2. When Home sequence
is done, HOME pilot done, HOME pilot light is done, HOME pilot
light will in on status. will in on status. light will in on status.
3. When Home sequence 3. Press down START push 3. Press down START
is done, HOME pilot button to run the module push button to run the
light will in on status. in auto sequence as module in auto
below with process A sequence.
Process A:
and B based on Product
4. X axis and Z axis will
a) Reject Pusher Extend B Sensor status.
search for empty slot on
b) Product A Pusher Process A If Product B Sensor storage 4 x 2 with
Extend Off: Product check sensor in
off condition.
c) Product A Pusher Gripper Extend
Retract 5. X axis and Z axis move
Gripper Place Position
to pick position.
d) Check Reject Sensor
Gripper Retract
Status 6. Gripper close.
Gripper Pick Position
i. If reject sensor on, 7. X axis and Z axis move
Reject Pusher Retract Gripper Down to empty slot position.
and Reject Pusher
Gripper Close 8. Gripper open
Extend Again
Gripper Up 9. X axis and Z axis move
ii. If reject sensor off,
to home position
Reject Pusher Retract Process B If Product B Sensor
On:
a) Product Pusher
Extend Gripper Extend
b) Product Pusher Gripper Place Position
Retract
Gripper Retract
Process B:
Gripper Pick Position
Product B Pusher Extend
Gripper Down
Product B Pusher Retract
Gripper Open
Product Pusher Extend
Gripper Up
Product Pusher Retract

c) What are the problems that you face when operating the PLC in individual mode and
in link mode.

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  Power Problems: Just like other machine, PLC devices require a stable and
uninterrupted flow of power to function properly and effectively. If there is a
problem with the system due to a regional blackout, grid failure, loose
connection or damaged cable, it will shock the PLC system and may result in
data loss. The most effective way to prevent this problem from losing power
is to install a backup power source that activates when the main power source
is down. Among the facilities that can be used is a battery in their PLC, which
will extend the power until it can be shut down properly. Of course, when the
power is restored, the PLC can be safely rebooted.

 Corrupted Memory: Are external factors, such as frequency interference

mentioned above and can result in power interruption, as well as can damage
the PLC memory. When it happens, the code in the PLC may not be readable,
or the PLC may not be able to read correctly when it boots from an accidental
shutdown. The safest and most effective way to deal with this problem is to
ensure that all data is copied to a redundant storage device that is away from
electrical interference, high temperatures and humidity.

 Electrical Noise Interference: Foreign signal interference are resulting from

electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio frequency interference (RFI) can
affect the performance and lifespan of the PLC. The potential for EMI is
greatly increased if there are large motors or similar machines activated near
the PLC, or if lightning strikes nearby.

d) Explain four steps in the PLC operation.

1. Input Scan - Detects the state of all input devices that are connected to the PLC

2. Program Scan - Executes the user created program logic

3. Output Scan - Energizes or de-energize all output devices that are connected to the PLC.

4. Housekeeping - This step includes communications with programming terminals, internal

diagnostics, etc.

8.0 CONCLUSION

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 Robotic system loading modules play an important role in various industries, including
manufacturing, logistics and warehousing. It is responsible for efficiently and accurately
loading items into vehicles or conveyor systems, ensuring smooth operations and minimizing
human intervention.

Pressing modules of robotic systems play an important role in various industrial applications
where the need for precise and consistent force application is required. It is a specialized
component designed to perform pressing or squeezing tasks with high precision, repeatability
and efficiency.

Pick and Place module of a robotic system is a crucial component that allows the robot to
accurately and efficiently handle objects. It is responsible for picking up objects from one
location and placing them in another according to pre-defined instructions or programming.
The module typically consists of mechanical arms, grippers, sensors, and control systems that
work together to achieve precise object manipulation.

RECOMMENDATION

Determine the type and amount of data needed to generate meaningful recommendations.
This can include sensor data, historical data, user preferences or information.

Pressing modules for robots, applications and special needs play an important role in
pressing robots. This allows the application to assist in robot pressing.

Pick and place modules for robotics, my suggestion is to choose a robot that is quick to do
the work and can help while doing the work. Next, put the robot module in a good and safe
place for storage.

9.0 REFERENCES

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Abdullah, M. O. (July, 2016). A review on the applications of programmable logic
controllers (PLCs). Retrieved from Science Direct:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032116000551

Lashin, M. M. (2014). DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS OF PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC

CONTROL (PLC). International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and
Information Technology (IJCSEIT).

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