IT SKILL LAB- II

PIVOT TABLE
INTRODUCTION
A Pivot table is a powerful tool to calculate, summarize, and analyse data that
lets you see comparisons, patterns, and trends in your data. pivot table work a
little bit differently depending on what platform you are using to run Excel.

 An interactive worksheet tables.

o Provides a powerful tool for summarizing large amounts of
tabular data.
 Similar to a cross- tabulation table
o A pivot table classifies numeric data in a list based on other fields
in the list
 General purpose
o Quickly summarize data from a worksheet or from an external
source.
o Calculate totals averages, counts, etc. based on any numeric fields
in your tables.
o Generate charts from your pivot tables.

OBJECTIVE OF PIVOT TABLE

 Understand data organisation and source that are appropriate for use
with pivot tables.
 Be able to use basic pivot table techniques for data exploration.
 Create custom reports using pivot tables with appropriate formatting.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

CREATE A PIVOT TABLE

1. Select the data on a worksheet for which you want to match the value
from another worksheet. For example, deselect the category from the
PivotTable.

2. Select insert, pivot table.

3. This will create a pivot table based on an existing table or range.

Selecting add this data to the data model will add the table or range being
used for this pivot table into the workbook data model.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

4.Drag the same formula against each products category.

5.Click ok.

Advantage of pivot table

 Simplicity: Pivot tables are easy to use and customize.
 Speed: You can create a good-looking, useful report with a pivot table in
minutes.
 Data analysis: Pivot tables can handle large quantities of data in a single
go.
 Organization: Pivot tables compress large amounts of data to a summary,
making it more organized.
 Linking data: Pivot tables can link data to extended sources.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

GOAL SEEK
INTRODUCTION
 Goal seeking is the ability to calculate backword to obtain an input that
would result in a given output. This can also be called what-if-analysis
and back-solving.
 The process of finding the correct input when only the output is known.
 To perform this task from the tools mean use the Goal Seek command.
 Now. We want to calculate the value of c2 when we assume the sum
takes a value270. We will do this by Goal Seek.

OBJECTIVE OF GOALSEEK

 You can use goal seek to determine what interest rate you will need to
secure in order to meet you loan goal.
 To be able to define the terms profit and loss.
 To be able to use the goal seek function to identify necessary changes to
variable.
CREATE A GOAL SEEK

1.First add some label in the first column to make it easier to read the worksheet

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

a. In Cell A1, type loan amount.

b. In cell A2, types term in months.
c. In cell A3, types interest Rate.
d. In cell A4, types payment.
2. On the data tab in the forecast group click What-if-Analysis.

5.Next add the new value.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

4. Click OK.

Advantage of Goal Seek

 Goal seek analysis is to measure a required amount of something
beforehand if you have the desired result in mind.
 The Goal seek features can eliminant unnecessary calculation.
 Goal seek repeatedly tries new values in variables cell to find a solution
to the problem.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

SOLVER
INTRODUCTION
 Excel Solver belongs to a special set of commands often referred to as
What-if Analysis Tools. It is primarily purposed for simulation and
optimization of various business and engineering models.
 The first spreadsheet program was VisiCalc in 1979. Developed by Dan
Bricklin and Bob Frankston, VisiCalc was published by Dan Zylstra.
 To enable Solver in Excel, press Alt + T followed by I. Add a checkmark
next to Solver.

OBJECTIVE OF SOLVER
 The objective cell (target cell in earlier excel version) is the containing a
formula that represents the objective or goal of the problem the
objective cab be to maximize minimize or achieve sone target value.
 To solve Linear and nonlinear problem.
 Arithmetic equation.
CREATE A SOLVER EXCEL

Step 1: In the Excel ribbon, go to the Data tab and click Solver in the Analyse
group.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

It will open the Solver Parameters window.

Step 2: Select the cell reference (D10) with the current total as the “Set
Objective” and cell range with the cost of items (B6:B9) as “By Changing
Variable Cells”.

Step 3: Click Add to input the constraints or conditions.

An Add constraint window appears where we must provide conditions to the

Solver.

1st Condition: We want the sum of the total amount to be $2,000.

Step 4: Select cell reference as cell D10, click the “Equal to” sign (=), and type
2000.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

Step 5: Click Add

Step 6: Select the cell cost range (B6:B9) and provide the Cell Reference.
Step 7: Select int (integer) from the drop-down.
The value integer automatically reflects as the constraint.
Step 8: Click Add.

Step 9: Select the cell cost range (B6:B9) to provide the Cell Reference.

Step 10: Proceed to the next drop-down menu. Select greater than or equal to
(>=) therein.

Step 11: Then, give 0 as the constraint value.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

Step 12: Click Add. The values are added successfully.

Step 13: Click Cancel to go to the Solver Parameters window.

Step 14: Click Solve.

The Solver tool evaluates the values and constraints and gives the optimized
output, shown in the image below.

Adantage of Solver
 Ability to specify multiple adjustable cells, up to 200 adjustable cells in
all.
 Ability to set up constraints on the adjustable cells.
 Ability to seek not only a desired result but also the optimal one.
 Ability to generate multiple solutions for complex problems.
 Ability to solve equations with a single unknown variable.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

SCENARIOS
INTRODUCTION
 A Scenario is a set of values that Excel saves and can substitute
automatically on your worksheet. You can create and save different
groups of values as scenarios and then switch between these scenarios
to view the different results.
 Scenarios are managed with the Scenario Manager wizard from the
What-If Analysis group on the Data tab.
 Scenario Manager is a useful feature in Excel that allows you to quickly
switch between different sets of values for one or more cells. This lets
you compare different scenarios and outcomes without changing the
original data.

OBJECTIVE OF SCENARIOS
 Allow you to changes or substitute input value for multiple cells.
 Scenarios provides a way to consider the effect on a plan, project or
timeline if variability in factors exists.
 The Scenario manager allow you to mark steps and action as passed
or failed.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

CREATE A SCENARIOS
Step1

Step2; Opening Scenario Manager

Step3; Adding Scenario Name and Changing Cells.

HIGH CELLS

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 IT SKILL LAB- II

LOW CELLS

Step 4: Entering Scenario Values.

Then, you should the name of the new scenario in the Scenario Manager.

Step5: Creating a Scenario Summary

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

Finally, you will get a Scenario Summary with the comparison of the values
within different scenarios.

Advantage of Scenarios Table

 The scenario manager allows you to alter the input values for 32 cells at a
time.
 Allows you to alter input values without changing the original dataset.
 Provides a comparative study of all scenarios.
 Helps to choose the best possible scheme in the long run.
 Provides a platform to develop strategies and plans for the future.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

TYPES OF CHARTS
List of Top 8 Types of Charts in MS Excel

1. Column Charts in Excel

2. Line Chart in Excel
3. Pie Chart in Excel
4. Bar Chart in Excel
5. Area Chart in Excel
6. Scatter Chart in Excel
7. Stock Chart in Excel
8. Radar Chart in Excel

Column Chart

A column chart is a bar-shaped chart that has a bar placed on the X-axis. This
type of chart in Excel is called a column chart because the bars are placed on
the columns. Such charts are very useful in case we want to make a
comparison. Below are the steps for preparing a column chart in Excel:

Step1, select the data and the “Insert” tab, then select the “Column” chart.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

Step2 Then, the column chart looks like as given below

Advantage of Column chat

 The data has a small number of discrete categories. Each of those
categories has a single value.
 The chart needs to compare the values for each category.
 The goal is to make the information as easy to understand as possible.
Line Chart
 Line charts are used if we need to show the trend in data. They are more
likely used in analysis rather than showing data visually.
 In this chart, a line represents the data movement from one point to
another.
Step1, Select the data and “Insert” tab, then select the “Line” chart.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

Step2, Then, the line chart looks like as given below:

Advantage of Line Chat

 Easy to identify patterns and growth rates.

 Compares different data records of the same period.

 Can highlight peaks easily.
 Easy to understand for those who have limited data analysis knowledge

Pie Chart

 A pie chart is a circle-shaped chart capable of representing only one

series of data. A pie chart has various variants that are 3-D charts and
doughnut charts.
 A circle-shaped chart divides itself into various portions to show the
quantitative value.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

Step1, Select the data, go to the “Insert” tab, and select the “Pie” chart.

Step2.Then,
the pie
chart
looks
like as
given
below:

Advantage of Pie Chat

 Large data can be presented by using the Pie Chart in Excel.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

 With the help of each slice bar, we can easily compare one with
another.
 It easy, and no need to explain it to the end-user. It is understandable
by any means.

Bar Chart

 In the bar chart, the data is plotted on the Y-axis. That is why this is
called a bar chart. Compared to the column chart, these charts use the Y-
axis as the primary axis.
 This chart is plotted in rows. That is why this is called a row chart.

Step1 Select the data, go to the “Insert” tab, and then select the “Bar” chart.

Step2,
Then, the bar chart looks like as given below:

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

Advantage of Bar Chat- Easy comparison with better understanding.

Quickly find the growth or decline. Summarize the table data into visuals. Make
quick planning and make decisions.

Area Chart
 The area chart and the line charts are the same, but the difference that
makes a line chart an area chart is that the space between the axis and
the plotted value is coloured and is not blank.
 Using the stacked area chart, this becomes difficult to understand the
data as space is coloured with the same colour for the magnitude that is
the same for various datasets.
Step1, Select the data, go to the “Insert” tab, and select the “Area” chart.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

Step2, Then, the area chart looks like as given below:

Advantage of Area Chat

 Area Chart in Excel, it gives us a clear understanding of the trend

followed by each product.
 Comparison between small no. of the category: The stacked area is
easier to understand than the overlapped. ...
 Comparison between trends and not the values: The overlapped data is
also readable and helpful by giving the colors and the appropriate
values.

Scatter Chart

The scatter chart in excel Scatter Chart In Excel Scatter plot in excel is a two
dimensional type of chart to represent data, it has various names such XY
chart or Scatter diagram in excel, in this chart we have two sets of data on X
and Y axis who are co-related to each other, this chart is mostly used in co-

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

relation studies and regression studies of data. Read more plots the data on
the coordinates.

Step1, Select the Data and go to Insert Tab, then select the Scatter Chart.

Step2, Then, the scatter chart looks like as given below:

Advantage of Scatter Chat

 The scatter charts help determine the relationship between two or more
variables, and they mainly showcase the relationship of one variable
concerning another.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

 The scatter plots can show correlations visually.

 The scatter charts are considered best when displaying non-linear patterns
visually in Excel.

Stock Chart

charts are used in stock exchanges Stock Exchanges Stock exchange refers to
a market that facilitates the buying and selling of listed securities such as
public company stocks, exchange-traded funds, debt instruments, options,
etc., as per the standard regulations and guidelines—for instance, NYSE and
NASDAQ. Read more or to represent the change in the price of shares.

Step1 Select the data, go to the “Insert” tab, and then select the “Stock” chart.

Step2 Then, the stock chart looks like as given below:

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

Advantage of Stock Chat

 The graph helps track the variations in the price of traded assets, such
as stocks, commodities, and cryptocurrencies. We can analyse the
highs and lows in prices over time, considering the opening and
closing values, all in one chart.
 The Stock chart in Excel does not limit to stocks.

Radar Chart
The radar chart Radar chart in excel is also known as the spider chart in
excel or Web or polar chart in excel, it is used to demonstrate data in two
dimensional for two or more than two data series, the axes start on the
same point in radar chart, this chart is used to do comparison between
more than one or two variables, there are three different types of radar
charts available to use in excel. Read more is similar to the spider web, often
called a web chat.

Step1, Select the data and go to “Insert Tab.” Then, under the “Stock” chart,
select the “Radar” chart.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA

 IT SKILL LAB- II

Step2 Then, the radar chart looks like as given below:

Advantage of Radar Chat

 It tells a vivid and visual story about the dataset, which can be easily
understood by a layman.
 They can compare multiple sets of data or changes that occur over time.
This is one of the distinct advantages of radar charts. It allows you to
analyse several variables with less cluttering compared to other charts.
 Comparisons are easy and fast with radar charts.
 The outliers are easily noticeable on radar charts because they do not
overlap with other variables on the graph.
 They can compare unrelated variables.

ROLL NO. 2207560700014 NAME- ANKITA SHARMA