1. If you apply a net force of 3 N on 0.

1 kg-box, what is the acceleration of the box

(a) 2 m/s2
(b) 30 m/s2
(c) 10 m/s2
(d) None of these.

2. If a net force of 7 N was constantly applied on 400 g object at rest, how long will it take to raise its velocity to 80 m/s?
a. 0 s
b. 2.23 s
c. 3.47 s
d. 4.57 s
Answer
Given F=7 N,m=400g= .4 kg Acceleration is given by a=Fm
a=17.5 m/s2
Now u=0,v=80 m/s v=u+at
t=v−ua
t=4.57 sec

Question 3
An object of mass 10 g is sliding with a constant velocity of 2 m/ s on a frictionless horizontal table. The force required to keep
the object moving with the same velocity is
(a) 0 N
(b) 5 N
(c) 10 N
(d)20 N
Answer
As m=0, F=0
Hence (a) is correct

Question 4
An object of mass 2 kg is sliding with a constant velocity of 8 m/s on a frictionless horizontal table. The force required to keep
the object moving with the same velocity is
(a) 16 N
(b) 8 N
(c) 2 N
(d) 0 N
Answer
(d) as there is no friction force

Table type Question

Question 5.
A particle of 10 kg is moving in a constant acceleration 2m/s2 starting from rest. What is its momentum and velocity per the
table given below

Answer
Velocity can find using
v=u+at�=�+��
For u=0
v=at�=��
Momentum
P=mv�=��

Very Short answer type

Question 6
How much net force is required to accelerate a 1000 kg car at 4.00 m/s2?
Answer
F=ma�=��
Given a=4.00 m/s2
m=1000kg
Therefore , F=ma=1000×4=4000�=��=1000×4=4000 N

Question 7
A body of mass 1 kg undergoes a change of velocity of 4m/s in 4s what is the force acting on it?
Answer
Given Δv=4m/sΔ�=4�/� ,t=4 s ,m=1kg
Acceleration is given by a=Δvt�=Δ��
a=1 m/s2
Now force is given by
F=ma�=��
F=1 N

Question 8
A sedan car of mass 200kg is moving with a certain velocity . It is brought to rest by the application of brakes, within a
distance of 20m when the average resistance being offered to it is 500N.What was the velocity of the motor car?
Answer
F=ma�=��
or
a=Fm�=��
or
a= -500/200=-2.5 m/s2
Now

v2=u2+2as�2=�2+2��
Now v=0,s=20 m,a=-2.5 m/s2
So, u=10 m/s

Question 9
A driver accelerates his car first at the rate of 4 m/s2 and then at the rate of 8 m/s2 .Calculate the ration of the forces exerted by
the engines?
Answer
F1=ma1�1=��1
and
F2=ma2�2=��2
So,Ratio of force exerted is given by
=F1F2=ma1ma2=a1a2=1:2=�1�2=��1��2=�1�2=1:2

Question 10
A cricket ball of mass 0.20 kg is moving with a velocity of 1.2m/s . Find the impulse on the ball and average force applied by
the player if he is able to stop the ball in 0.10s?
Answer
Impulse= Change in momentum
I=Δp=mΔv=.20×1.2=.12�=Δ�=�Δ�=.20×1.2=.12 Kgm/s
Now
Impulse is also defined as
I=F×t�=�×�
or
F×t=.12�×�=.12
or
F=.12.10=1.2�=.12.10=1.2 N

Short Answer type

Question 11
A hockey ball of mass .2 Kg travelling at 10 ms-1 is struck by a hockey stick so as to return it along its original path with a
velocity at 2 m/s . Calculate the change of momentum occurred in the motion of the hockey ball by the force applied by the
hockey stick.
Answer
ΔP=m×(v−u)=0.2×(−2−10)=−2.4Δ�=�×(�−�)=0.2×(−2−10)=−2.4 kg ms-1
(The negative sign indicates a change in direction of hockey ball after it is struck by hockey stick. )

Question 12
Two objects of masses of 100 gm and 200 gm are moving in along the same line and direction with velocities of 2 ms -1 and 1
ms-1 respectively. They collide and after collision, the first object moves at a velocity of 1.67 ms -1. Determine the velocity of
the second object?
Answer
Given m1=100gm=0.1kg�1=100��=0.1��, m2=200gm=0.2kg�2=200��=0.2��
u1=2�1=2 ms-1, u2=1�2=1 ms-1, v1=1.67�1=1.67 ms-1, v2=?�2=?
By the law of conservation of momentum,
m1u1+m2u2=m1v2+m2v2�1�1+�2�2=�1�2+�2�2
0.1×2+0.2×1=0.1×1.67+0.2v20.1×2+0.2×1=0.1×1.67+0.2�2
v2=1.165�2=1.165 ms-1
It will move in the same direction after collision

Question 13
Anand leaves his house at 8.30 a.m. for his school. The school is 2 km away and classes start at 9.00 a.m. If he walks at a
speed of 3 km/h for the first kilometre, at what speed should he walk the second kilometre to reach just in time?

Question 14
An object of mass 1kg acquires a speed of 10 m/s when pushed forward. What is the impulse given to the object?
Answer
Impulse=Change in Momentum= 10 Kgm/s

Question 15
A bullet of mass 10 gm is fired with an initial velocity of 20 m/s from a rifle of mass 4 kg. Calculate the initial recoil velocity
of the rifle?
Answer
Let v be the initial recoil velocity of the rifle From law of conservation of Momentum
0=.01×20+4×v0=.01×20+4×�
Or v=−.05m/s�=−.05�/�

Question 16
Which would require a greater force �� accelerating a 2 kg mass at 5 m/s2 or a 6 kg mass at 2 m/s2?
Answer
we have F=ma�=��.
Here we have m1=2�1=2 kg and a1=5m/s2�1=5�/�2
and m2=6�2=6 kg and a2=2m/s2�2=2�/�2 .
So,
F1=m1a1=2×5=10N�1=�1�1=2×5=10�
F2=m2a2=6×2=8N�2=�2�2=6×2=8�.
Here F1<F2�1<�2
Thus, accelerating a 6 kg mass at 2 m/s2 would require a greater force

Question 17.
A force of 5 N produces an acceleration of 8 m/s2 on a mass m1�1 and an acceleration of 24 m/s2 on a mass m2�2. What
acceleration would the same force provide if both the masses are tied together?
Answer
From Force formula
F=ma�=��
5=8m15=8�1 or m1=58�1=58
and 5=24m25=24�2 or m2=524�2=524
Now when the two masses are tied and same force is applied, acceleration will be
a=Fm1+m2=558+524=6m/s2�=��1+�2=558+524=6�/�2

Question 18.
A hammer of mass 500 g, moving at 50 m/s, strikes a nail. The nail stops the hammer in a very short time of 0.01 s. what is the
force of the nail on the hammer?
Answer
Acceleration of the Hammer is given by
a=v−ut=0−50.01=−5000m/s2�=�−��=0−50.01=−5000�/�2
Force is given by
F=ma=.5×5000=2500N�=��=.5×5000=2500�

Long Answer type

Question 19
An 8000 kg engine pulls a train of 5 wagons, each of 2000 kg along a horizontal track. If the engine exerts a force of 40000 N
and the track offers a friction force of 5000 N, then calculate:
(a) The net accelerating force;
(b) The acceleration of the train; and
(c) The force of wagon 1 on wagon 2.
Answer
Total mass, m = mass of engine + mass of wagons
Or, m=8000+5×2000=18000�=8000+5×2000=18000 kg.
(a) The net accelerating force, F = Engine force - Frictional force
Or, F = 40000 - 5000 = 35000 N
(b) The acceleration of the train
a=Fm=3500018000=1.94�=��=3500018000=1.94 m/s2
(c) The force of wagon 1 on wagon 2
Assuming Frictional Force on all the wagons and engine
Frictional resistance of 4 wagons = 5000×(2000×4)18000=2222.22N5000×(2000×4)18000=2222.22�
Accelerating force on 4 wagons =2000×4×1.944=15552N2000×4×1.944=15552�
Hence total force exertred by wagon on wagon 2= Accelerating force +Frictional resistance
=2222.22+15552=17774.22N=2222.22+15552=17774.22�
Assumining frictional force on engine only
Accelerating force on 4 wagons =2000×4×1.944=15552N2000×4×1.944=15552�

Question 20.
A bullet of 10 g strikes a sand bag at a speed of 103 m/s and gets embedded after travelling 5 cm. Calculate
(i) the resistive force exerted by the sand on the bullet.
(ii) the time taken by the bullet to come to rest.
Answer
i. u=103 m/s ,v=0 ,s=5 cm= .05 m ,a=?
v2=u2+2as�2=�2+2��
a=- 107 m/s
Resistive force on bullet = .001×107=105N.001×107=105�
ii. v=u+at�=�+��
t=104s

Question 21.
Two objects A and B, having mass 100 kg and 75 kg, moving with velocity 40 km/hr and 6 km/hr respectively. Answer the
following:
a.Which will have greater inertia?
b.Which will have greater momentum?
c.Which will stop first if equal negative acceleration is applied on both?
d.Which will travel greater distance?
e.Which will impart greater impulse if collides with a wall?
Answer
Ma=100��=100 kg, Mb=75��=75 kg , va=40km/hr��=40��/ℎ�, vb=6km/hr��=6��/ℎ�
a. Now Ma>Mb��>��, So Object A has more inertia
b. pa=Mava=4000kgkm/hr��=����=4000����/ℎ�, pb=Mbvb=450kgkm/hr��=����=450����/ℎ�
Clearly pa>pb��>��
c. Since velocity of object B is less then velocity of object A, Object B will stops first if equal negative acceleration is applied
on both
d. Object A
e. Object A

Question 22
A car start from rest and acquire a velocity of 54 km/h in 2 sec. Find
(i) the acceleration
(ii) distance travelled by car assume motion of car is uniform
(iii) If the mass of the car is 1000 Kg,what is the force acting on it?
Answer
Given u=0 ,v= 54 km/hr= 15 m/s , t=2 sec a. Acceleration is given by
a=Δvt�=Δ��
So, a=7.5 m/s2

b. Distance is given by
s=ut+12at2�=��+12��2
s= 15 m

c. Force is given by F=ma=1000×7.5=7500�=��=1000×7.5=7500 N

Question 23
Velocity versus time graph of a ball of mass 100 g rolling on a concrete floor is shown below. Calculate the acceleration and
the frictional force of the floor on the ball?

Answer
From the graph ,we can see that
Δv=−80m/sΔ�=−80�/�, t=8 sec
Now
a=Δvt=−10m/s2�=Δ��=−10�/�2
Frictional force will be given as
F=ma=.1×−10=−1N�=��=.1×−10=−1�

Question 24.
A bullet of mass 10 g moving with a velocity of 400 m/s gets embedded in a freely suspended wooden block of mass 900 g.
what is the velocity acquired by the block?
Answer
By using law of conservation of momentum
m1u1=(m1+m2)v�1�1=(�1+�2)�
.01×400=.91v.01×400=.91�
v=4.39 m/s

Question 25.
A man weighing 60 kg runs along the rails with a velocity of 18 km/h and jumps into a car of mass 1 quintal (100 kg) standing
on the rails. Calculate the velocity with which car will start travelling along the rails.
Answer

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q1. What name is given to the product of the mass and velocity of a body?

Answer:

The product of the mass and velocity of a body is known as momentum.

Q2. Name the physical quantity which is considered to be a measure of the quantity of
motion of a body.

Answer:

Momentum is used for measuring the motion of a body.

Q3. What is the SI unit of momentum?

Answer:

The SI unit of momentum is kg.m/s.

Q4. State whether momentum is scalar or vector.

Answer:

Momentum is a vector quantity as it has magnitude as well as direction.

Q5. What is the total momentum of the bullet and the gun before firing?

Answer:

The total momentum of the bullet and the gun before firing is zero as the velocities of them is
zero.

Q6. Name the physical quantity whose unit is kg.m/s.

Answer:

Momentum is the quantity whose unit is kg.m/s.

Q7. What will be the momentum of a body of mass ‘m’, which is moving with the velocity
V?

Answer:

The momentum of a body of mass m which is moving with the velocity V, is given as:

p = mv

Q8. What is the usual name of the forces which cannot produce motion in a body but
only change its shape?

Answer:

Balanced force cannot produce motion in a body but can only change its shape.
Q9. Name the unbalanced force which slows down a moving bicycle when we stop
pedalling it.

Answer:

The unbalanced force which slows down a moving bicycle when we stop pedalling is known as
frictional force.

Q10. State whether the following statement is true or false:

Unbalanced forces acting on a body change its shape.

Answer:

False.

Q11. When a ball is dropped from a height, its speed increases gradually. Name the force
which causes this change in speed.

Answer:

The change in the speed of the ball is due to the force of gravity.

Q12. Name the property of bodies to resist a change in their state of rest or of motion.

Answer:

Inertia is responsible for the body to resist a change in its state of rest or motion.

Q13. What is the other name of Newton’s first law of motion?

Answer:

The other name is Galileo’s law of inertia.

Q14. The mass of object A is 6kg, whereas that of object B is 34 kg. Which of the two
objects, A or B, has more inertia?

Answer:

Object B has more inertia as the mass of object B is more than A.

Q15. Name the scientist who gave the laws of motion.

Answer:

Sir Isaac Newton gave the laws of motion.

Q16. State whether force is a scalar or a vector quantity.

Answer:

Force is a vector quantity.

Q17. With which physical quantity should the speed of a running bull be multiplied so as
to obtain its momentum?

Answer:

The speed of the running bull should be multiplied by its mass to get momentum

Q18. Fill in the blanks:

a) ……… is a measure of the inertia of a body.

b) When a running car stops suddenly, the passengers are jerked ……….

c) When a stationary car starts suddenly, the passengers are jerked ………

d) Newton’s first law of motion is also called Galileo’s law of ……….

e) If there were no unbalanced force of …… and no ………. resistance, a moving bicycle

would go on moving forever.

Answer:

a) Mass

b) Forward

c) Backward

d) Inertia

e) Friction and air

Short Answer Type Questions

Q19. Explain why it is easier to stop a tennis ball than a cricket ball moving with the
same speed.

Answer:

It is easier to stop a tennis ball than a cricket ball moving with the same speed because the
momentum of a cricket ball will be higher than the tennis ball as the mass of the cricket ball is
more than a tennis ball. Therefore, less force is required to stop the tennis ball when compared
to the cricket ball.
Q20. Explain the meaning of the following equation:

p = mv

where symbols have their usual meanings.

Answer:

p = mv is the equation of the momentum of a body which is equal to the product of its mass and
velocity.

Where,

p is the momentum of the body

m is the mass of the body

v is the velocity of the body

Q21. Explain how a karate player can break a pile of tiles with a single blow of his hand.

Answer:

A karate player can break a pile of tiles with a single blow of his hand because the force exerted
by him is large enough to break these tiles as the momentum of his land is reduced to zero.

Q22. Calculate the momentum of a toy car of mass 200g moving with a speed of 5m/s.

Answer:

Mass of the toy car, m = 200g = 0.2kg

Speed, v = 5 m/s

Momentum, p = mv = 1kg.m/s

Q23. What is the change in momentum of a car weighing 1500 kg when its speed
increases from 36 km/h to 72 km/h uniformly?

Answer:

Mass of car = 1500 kg

Velocity, v1 = 36 km/h = 10 m/s

Momentum, p1 = (1500)(10) = 15000 kg.m/s

Velocity, v2 = 72 km/h = 20 m/s

Momentum, p2 = (1500)(20) = 30000kg.m/s

Change in momentum = p2 – p1 = 15000 kg.m/s

Q24. A body of mass 25 kg has a momentum of 125 kg.m/s. Calculate the velocity of the
body.

Answer:

Mass of the body, m = 25kg

Momentum, p = 125 kg.m/s

p = mv

v = p/m = 5 m/s

Velocity of the body is 5 m/s

Q25. Calculate the momentum of the following:

a) an elephant of mass 2000kg moving at 5 m/s

b) a bullet of mass 0.02 kg moving at 400 m/s

Answer:

a) Mass of elephant = 2000kg

Velocity = 5 m/s

Momentum = mv = 10000 kg.m/s

b) Mass of bullet = 0.02kg

Velocity = 400 m/s

Momentum = mv = 8 kg.m/s

Q26. Which of the two balanced forces or unbalanced forces can change the shape of an
object? Give an example to illustrate your answer.

Answer:

Balanced force can change the shape of an object. For example, when a balloon is held
between both hands, a balanced force is applied on either side, which results in a change in the
shape of the balloon.

Q27. Describe the term ‘inertia’ with respect to motion.

Answer:

The inertia of motion is defined as the property of a body due to which a change in shape or
change in uniform motion is resisted.

Q28. State Newton’s first law of motion. Give two examples to illustrate Newton’s first law
of motion.

Answer:

According to Newton’s first law of motion, a body continues to remain in the state of rest or in
the state of motion until an external force acts on it. The sliding of a book on the table is an
example of Newton’s first law of motion.

Q29. On what factor does the inertia of a body depend? Which has more inertia, a cricket
ball or a rubber ball of the same size?

Answer:

The inertia of a body depends on its mass of the body. The inertia of a cricket ball is more than
a rubber ball of the same size, and the mass of the cricket ball is more.

Q30. Why do the passengers in a bus tend to fall backward when it starts suddenly?

Answer:

The passengers in a bus tend to fall backward when it starts suddenly due to inertia as the
passengers tend to remain in a state of rest while the bus starts to move.

Q31. Explain why a person travelling in a bus falls forward when the bus stops suddenly.

Answer:

When the bus stops suddenly, people fall forward because of their inertia as they are in a state
of motion even when the bus has come to rest.

Q32. Give reason for the following:

When a hanging carpet is beaten with a stick, dust particles start coming out of it.

Answer:

When a hanging carpet is beaten with a stick, the dust particles state coming out of it because
the dust particles remain in the state of rest until the carpet starts to move to and fro when it is
hit with the stick. The inertia of the dust particles is disturbed, and that makes them separate
from the carpet.

Q33. When a tree is shaken, its fruits and leaves fall down. Why?
Answer:

When a tree is shaken, its fruits and leaves fall down because their state of rest is disturbed,
and thus they separate from the tree.

Q34. Explain why it is dangerous to jump out of a moving bus.

Answer:

It is dangerous to jump out of a moving bus because the moving bus will have a speed which
will also be the speed of the man jumping as there is a tendency to remain in a state of motion
due to inertia. On jumping out, there is a chance of hurting oneself as the resistance offered by
the ground will be more.

Q35. What is the momentum in kg.m/s of a 10 kg car travelling at

a) 5 m/s

b) 20 cm/s

c) 36 km/h

Answer:

Mass of car, m = 10 kg

Momentum = mv

a) Velocity, v = 5 m/s

Momentum = mv = 50 kg.m/s

b) Velocity, v = 20 cm/s = 0.2 m/s

Momentum = mv = 2 kg.m/s

c) Velocity, v = 36 km/h = 10 m/s

Momentum = mv = 100 kg.m/s

Long Answer Type Questions

Q36. a) Define the momentum of a body. On what factors does the momentum of a body
depend?

b) Calculate the change in momentum of a body weighing 5 kg when its velocity

decreases from 20 m/s to 0.20 m/s.
Answer:

a) Momentum is defined as the physical quantity, which is the measure of the quantity of motion
of a moving body. Momentum depends on the mass and velocity of the body.

b) Mass of body = 5kg

Velocity, v1 = 20 m/s

Momentum, p1 = (20)(5) = 100 kg.m/s

Velocity, v2 = 0.2 m/s

Momentum, p2 = (5)(0.2) = 1 kg.m/s

Change in momentum = p2 – p1 = 1-100 = -99 kg.m/s

Q37. a) Define the term ‘force’.

b) State the various effects of force.

Answer:

a) Force is defined as the influence which brings a moving body to rest or can make a resting
body move.

b) Following are the effects of force:

i) Force can stop a moving object

ii) Force can move a resting object

iii) Force can change the direction of a moving body

iv) Force can change the shape of the body

v) Force can change the speed of a moving body

Q38. Give one example each where:

a) a force moves a stationary body

b) a force stops a moving body

c) a force changes the speed of a moving body

d) a force changes the direction of a moving body

e) a force changes the shape and size of a body

Answer:

a) Kicking a football which is at rest

b) Applying brakes in a moving car

c) Pressing an accelerate to speed up the moving motorbike

d) Moving a ball by hitting it with a bat

e) Flattening the dough with a rolling pin to make a pizza base

Q39. a) What do you understand by the terms ‘balanced forces’ and ‘unbalanced forces’?
Explain with examples.

b) What type of forces – balanced or unbalanced – act on a rubber ball when we press it
between our hands? What effect is produced on the ball?

Answer:

a) When the forces acting on a body is zero, the forces are called balanced force. Pressing of a
balloon between both hands is an example of balanced force.

When the forces acting on a body is not zero, the forces are called unbalanced force. Pushing a
toy car is an example of an unbalanced force in which the car starts to move as there is an
unbalanced force acting on it.

b) When a rubber ball is pressed between our hands, a balanced force acts on it, and therefore,
there is no change in its shape.

Q40. a) What happens to the passengers travelling in a bus when the bus takes a sharp
turn? Give reasons for your answer.

b) Why are road accidents at high speeds very much worse than road accidents at low
speeds?

Answer:

a) When a bus takes a sharp turn, the passengers tend to move sideways as their inertia of
moving in a straight line gets disturbed.

b) Road accidents at high speeds are very much worse than road accidents at low speeds
because the momentum of vehicles at high speeds is very high compared to the momentum of
vehicles at low speeds.
Multiple Choice Questions
Q41. When a toothpaste tube is squeezed, its shape changes. The force responsible for
this is an example of:

a) balanced forces

b) centripetal forces

c) unbalanced forces

d) centrifugal forces

Answer:

The correct option is c) unbalanced forces

Q42. The inertia of an object tends to cause an object:

a) to increase its speed

b) to decrease its speed

c) to resist a change in its state of motion

d) to decelerate due to friction

Answer:

The correct option is c) to resist a change in its state of motion

Q43. When we talk of a force acting on a body. It usually means:

a) electrical force

b) balanced force

c) unbalanced force

d) nuclear force

Answer:

The correct option is c) unbalanced force

Q44. A passenger in a moving train tosses a coin which falls behind him. This shows that
the motion of train is:

a) accelerated
b) uniform

c) retarded

d) along circular track

Answer:

The correct option is a) accelerated

Q45. When a hanging carpet is beaten with a stick, dust particles start coming out of it.
This phenomenon can be best explained by making use of:

a) Newton’s third law of motion

b) Newton’s law of gravitation

c) Newton’s first law of motion

d) Newton’s second law of motion

Answer:

The correct option is c) Newton’s first law of motion

Q46. A water tanker filled up to two-thirds of its tank with water is running at a uniform
speed. When the brakes are suddenly applied, the water in its tank would:

a) move backward

b) move forward

c) rise upwards

d) remain unaffected

Answer:

The correct option is b) move forward

Q47. If we release a magnet held in our hand, it falls to the ground. The force which
makes the magnet fall down is an example of:

a) balanced force

b) unbalanced force

c) magnetic force
d) muscular force

Answer:

The correct option is b) unbalanced force

Q48. The inertia of a moving object depends on:

a) momentum of the object

b) speed of the object

c) mass of the object

d) shape of the object

Answer:

The correct option is c) mass of the object

Q49. When a rubber balloon held between the hands is pressed, its shape changes. This
happens because:

a) balanced forces act on the balloon

b) unbalanced forces act on the balloon

c) frictional forces act on the balloon

d) gravitational forces act on the balloon

Answer:

The correct option is a) balanced forces act on the balloon

Q50. Which of the following effect cannot be produced by an unbalanced force acting on
a body?

a) change in speed of the body

b) change in the shape of the body

c) change in the direction of motion of the body

d) change in the state of the rest of the body

Answer:

The correct option is b) change in the shape of the body

Page No: 74

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Q1. Which physical quantity corresponds to the rate of change of momentum?

Answer:

The physical quantity that corresponds to the rate of change of momentum is force.

Q2. State the relation between the momentum of a body and the force acting on it.

Answer:

The relation between the momentum of a body and the force acting on it is that the rate of
change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the applied force and takes place in
the direction of the force acting.

Q3. What is the unit of force?

Answer:

The SI unit of force is Newton.

Q4. Define one Newton force.

Answer:

One Newton force is defined as the force which is acting on the body of mass of 1kg producing
an acceleration of 1 m/s2 in it.

Q5. What is the relationship between force and acceleration?

Answer:

The relationship between force and acceleration is the force acting on a body is directly
proportional to the acceleration produced in the body.

Q6. If the mass of a body and the force acting on it are both doubled, what happens to
acceleration?

Answer:

Acceleration remains the same as a = F/m

If the force is doubled, then the mass will also be doubled ie; 2F and 2m

Then, acceleration a = 2F/2m = F/m

Therefore, acceleration remains the same.

Q7. Name the physical quantity whose unit is ‘newton’.

Answer:

Newton is the SI unit of force.

Q8. Which physical principle is involved in the working of a jet aeroplane?

Answer:

Conservation of momentum is the physical principle that is involved in the working of a jet
aeroplane.

Q9. Name the principle on which a rocket works.

Answer:

Conservation of momentum is the principle on which the rocket works.

Q10. Is the following statement true or false:

A rocket can propel itself in a vacuum.

Answer:

The given statement is true because a rocket does not require air to obtain uplift.

Q11. What is the force which produces an acceleration of 1 m/s 2 in a body of mass 1 kg?

Answer:

Mass, m = 1kg

Acceleration, a = 1 m/s2

Force, F = ma = 1N

Q12. Find the acceleration produced by a force of 5N acting on a mass of 10 kg.

Answer:

Given,

Force, F = 5N

Mass, m = 10kg

Acceleration, a = F/m = 5/10 = 0.5 m/s2

Q13. A girl weighing 25 kg stands on the floor. She exerts a downward force of 250N on
the floor. What force does the floor exert on her?

Answer:

The force exerted by the girl downward = 250N = force exerted by the floor

According to the third law of motion, every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

a = F/m

Q14. Name the physical quantity which makes it easier to accelerate a small car than a
large car.

Answer:

It is easier to accelerate a small car than a large car because the acceleration of the car is
inversely proportional to the mass of the car.

Q15. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:

a) To every action, there is an ………. and ………… reaction.

b) Momentum is a …………. it emits is ……..

c) Newton’s second law of motion can be written as Force is the product of mass and
………… or force = ………. of change of ………..

d) Forces in Newton’s third law pair have equal ……… but act in opposite ………….

e) In collisions and explosions, the total …… remains constant, provided that no external
…….

Answer:

a) Equal and opposite

b) Vector and kg.m/s

c) Accelerated, rate, and momentum

d) Magnitude and directions

e) Momentum and force

Short Answer Type Questions

Q16. Explain the meaning of the following equation:
F = ma

Where symbols have their usual meanings.

Answer:

Force is directly proportional to the product of mass and acceleration of the body.

F = ma

Where,

F is the force applied on the body

m is the mass of the body

a is the acceleration produced in the body

Q17. To take the boat away from the bank of a river, the boatman pushes the bank with
an oar. Why?

Answer:

To take the boat away from the bank of a river, the boatman pushes the bank with an oar
because that way he can exert equal and opposite force on the boat, making the boat move
forward and away from the bank.

Q18. Why does a gunman get a jerk on firing a bullet?

Answer:

A gunman gets a jerk on firing a bullet because when the bullet is fired from the gun, the force
that is responsible for the bullet to move forward is equal to the force that pushes the gun
backwards as the mass of the gun is high, giving a jerk to the gunman.

Q19. If action is always equal to reaction, explain why a cart pulled by a horse can be
moved.

Answer:

A cart pulled by a horse can be moved because the horse first bends forward and then pushes
the ground with its feet such that a greater force is applied on the ground than the frictional
force, which opposes the movement of the wheels.

Q20. Explain how a rocket works.

Answer:
A rocket works on the principle of action and reaction. Hot gases are produced in the rocket due
to the rapid burning of the fuel that rushes out of a jet at the bottom of the rocket. The gas
produced is at a very high speed. An equal and opposite reaction force is acting downward,
pushing the rocket upward with great speed.

Q21. Do action and reaction act on the same body or different bodies? How are they
related in magnitude and direction? Are they simultaneous or not?

Answer:

Action and reaction act on two different bodies. But both are of equal magnitude, but the act in
opposite directions such that they are acting and reacting simultaneously.

Q22. If a man jumps out from a boat, the boat moves backwards. Why?

Answer:

If a man jumps out from a boat, the boat moves backwards because when the man steps out of
the boat, he exerts pressure on the boat in the backward direction. This pushes the boat
backwards. Also, an equal and opposite force is responsible for the force in the forward
direction.

Q23. Why is it difficult to walk on a slippery road?

Answer:

It is difficult to walk on a slippery road because these roads have less friction, and exerting a
backward force on the slippery ground becomes difficult, making it difficult to walk on the
slippery roads.

Q24. Explain why a runner presses the ground with his feet before he starts his run.

Answer:

A runner presses the ground with his feet before he starts his run because he applies a
backward force which has an equal and opposite reaction making the runner move in the
forward direction.

Q25. A 60g bullet fired from a 5kg gun leaves with a speed of 500 m/s. Find the speed
with which the gun recoils.

Answer:

Given,

Mass of bullet, m1 = 60g = 0.06 kg

Velocity of bullet, v1 = 500 m/s

Mass of gun, m2 = 5 kg

Recoil velocity, v2 = ?

m1v1 = m2v2

Therefore, v2 = 6 m/s

Q26. A 10g bullet travelling at 200 m/s strikes and remains embedded in a 2kg target
which is originally at rest but free to move. At what speed does the target move off?

Answer:

Mass of bullet, m1 = 10g = 0.01 kg

Velocity of bullet, v1 = 200 m/s

Mass of block with an embedded bullet, m2 = 2 + 0.01 = 2.01kg

Recoil velocity, v2 = ?

m1v1 = m2v2

v2 = 0.99 m/s

Q27. A body of mass 2kg is at rest. What should be the magnitude of force which will
make the body move with a speed of 30 m/s at the end of 1s?

Answer:

Mass of the body = 2kg

Initial velocity, u = 0

Final velocity, v = 30 m/s

Time, t = 1s

Acceleration, a = (v-u)/t = 30 m/s2

Force = ma = 60N

Q28. A body of mass 5kg is moving with a velocity of 10 m/s. A force is applied to it so
that in 25 seconds, it attains a velocity of 35 m/s. Calculate the value of the force applied.

Answer:
Mass of the body = 5kg

Initial velocity, u = 10 m/s

Final velocity, v = 35 m/s

Time, t = 25s

Acceleration, a = (v-u)/t = 1 m/s2

Force = ma = 5N

Q29. A car of mass 2400 kg moving with a velocity of 20 m/s is stopped in 10 seconds on
applying brakes. Calculate the retardation and the retarding force.

Answer:

Mass of the car = 2400 kg

Initial velocity, u = 20 m/s

Final velocity, v = 0 m/s

Time, t = 10s

Retardation, a = (v-u)/t = 2 m/s2

Force = ma = 4800N

Q30. For how long should a force of 100N act on a body of 20kg so that it acquires a
velocity of 100 m/s?

Answer:

Mass of the body = 20 kg

Initial velocity, u = 0 m/s

Final velocity, v = 100 m/s

Force, F = 100 N

Acceleration, a = F/m = 100/20 = 5 m/s2

Time, t = (v-u)/a = 20s

Q31. How long will it take a force of 10N to stop a mass of 2.5kg which is moving at 20
m/s?
Answer:

Mass of the body = 2.5kg

Initial velocity, u = 20 m/s

Final velocity, v = 0 m/s

Force, F = 10N

Acceleration, a = F/m = 10/2.5 = 4 m/s2

Since, v < u, negative sign is used = -4 m/s2

Time, t = (v-u)/a = 5s

Q32. The velocity of a body of mass 10kg increases from 4 m/s to 8 m/s when a force
acts on it for 2s.

a) What is the momentum before the force acts?

b) What is the momentum after the force acts?

c) What is the gain in momentum per second?

d) What is the value of the force?

Answer:

Mass of the body = 10kg

Initial velocity, u = 4 m/s

Final velocity, v = 8 m/s

Time, t = 2s

a) Momentum before the force acts, p1 = mu = 40 kg.m/s

b) Momentum after the force acts, p2 = mv = 80 kg.m/s

c) Gain in momentum for 2s = p2 – p1 = 40 kg.m/s

Gain in momentum per second = 40/2 = 10 kg.m/s

d) Acceleration, a = (v-u)/t = 2 m/s2

Force = ma = 20N
Q33. A gun of mass 3kg fires a bullet of mass 30g. The bullet takes 0.003s to move
through the barrel of the gun and acquires a velocity of 100 m/s. Calculate:

a) the velocity with which the gun recoils

b) the force exerted on the gunman due to the recoil of the gun

Answer:

Mass of the gun, m1 = 3kg

Mass of bullet, m2 = 30g = 0.03kg

Velocity of bullet, v2 = 100 m/s

a) According to the conservation of momentum

m1v1 = m2v2

v1 = 1 m/s

b) Initial velocity of the gun, u = 0 m/s

The final velocity of the gun, v = 1 m/s

Time, t = 0.003s

Acceleration, a = (u-v)/t = 1000/3 m/s2

Force = ma = 1000N

Q34. Draw a diagram to show how a rocket engine provides a force to move the rocket
upwards. Label the diagram appropriately.

Answer:
Q35. Name the laws involved in the following situations:

a) The sum of products of masses and velocities of two moving bodies before and after
their collision remains the same.

b) A body of mass 5 kg can be accelerated more easily by a force than another body of
mass 50 kg under similar conditions.

c) When person A, standing on roller skates, pushes another person B and makes him
move to the right side, then person A himself gets moved to the left side by an equal
distance.

d) If there were no friction and no air resistance, then a moving bicycle would go on
moving forever.

Answer:

a) Law of conservation of momentum

b) Newton’s second law of motion

c) Newton’s third law of motion

d) Newton’s first law of motion

Long Answer Type Questions

Q36. a) State and explain Newton’s second law of motion.

b) A 1000 kg vehicle moving with a speed of 20 m/s is brought to rest in a distance of 50

meters.

i) Find the acceleration

ii) Calculate the unbalanced force acting on the vehicle

Answer:

a) According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of momentum of a body is
directly proportional to the applied force and takes place in the direction of the forces acting on
it.

If a body of mass m has an initial velocity u, then the initial momentum of the body will be mu.
Let F be the force acting on the body for time t with a final velocity v. Then the final momentum
is mv. Therefore, the change in momentum is mv = mu and time taken is t.

b) Mass of the vehicle, m = 1000kg

Initial velocity, u = 20 m/s

Final velocity, v = 0 m/s

Distance covered before stopping, s = 50m

Therefore, v2 – u2 = 2as

a = -4 m/s2

Unbalanced force = ma = -4000N

Q37. a) Explain why a cricket player moves his hands backwards while catching a fast
cricket ball.

b) A 150g ball, travelling at 30 m/s strikes the palm of a player’s hand and is stopped in
0.05 seconds. Find the force exerted by the ball on the hand.

Answer:
a) A cricket player moves his hands backwards while catching a fast cricket ball so that the
momentum of the ball reduces to zero as the momentum of the fast-moving ball is large. By
moving his hand, he is increasing the time taken, thereby reducing the momentum.

b) Mass of ball = 150g = 0.15 kg

Initial velocity, u = 30 m/s

Final velocity, v = 0 m/s

Time, t = 0.05s

Acceleration, a = (v-u)/t = 6000 m/s2

Force = ma = 90N

Q38. a) State Newton’s third law of motion and give two examples to illustrate the law.

b) Explain why when a fireman directs a powerful stream of water on a fire from a hose
pipe, the hose pipe tends to go backwards.

Answer:

a) According to Newton’s third law of motion, whenever a body exerts a force on another body,
there is an equal and opposite force experienced by the first body.

Following are the two examples:

i) When a man is coming out of a boat, an equal and opposite force is experienced by the man
as he applies a force in the backward direction, which pushes him forward.

ii) When a gunman fires a bullet, he experiences a jerk. This is because for a bullet to move
forward, a backward force is applied by the bullet making a jerk.

b) When a fireman directs a powerful stream of water on a fire from a hose pipe, the hose pipe
tends to go backwards because of the reaction force of water that is rushing from the hose pipe
in the forward direction.

Q39. a) State the law of conservation of momentum.

b) Discuss the conservation of momentum in each of the following cases:

i) A rocket taking off from the ground

ii) Flying of a jet aeroplane

Answer:
a) According to the law of conservation of momentum, when two bodies act on one another,
their total momentum remains constant until and unless there is no external force acting on
them. Momentum can neither be created nor destroyed.

b)

i) When a rocket is taken off from the ground, the chemicals in the fuel are burnt to produce a
very high velocity. This gas is released from the nozzle that is present in the tail, pushing the
rocket in the downward direction with a speed which pushes the rocket upwards by balancing
the momentum of the gases.

ii) An equal and opposite momentum is experienced by the jet aeroplanes as the fuel used
burns, providing a high velocity to the jet.

Q40. a) If a balloon is filled with air and its mouth is untied/is released with its mouth in
the downward direction, it moves upwards. Why?

b) An unloaded truck weighing 2000 kg has a maximum acceleration of 0.5 m/s2. What is
the maximum acceleration when it is carrying a load of 2000kg?

Answer:

a) A balloon filled with air and its mouth untied/is released with its mouth in the downward
direction; it moves upwards because of the air that is present in the balloon rushes out in the
downward direction. This is the equal and opposite reaction in the downward direction as the air
pushes the balloon upwards.

b) Mass of the unloaded truck, m1 = 2000 kg

Acceleration, a1 = 0.5 m/s2

Mass of loaded truck, m2 = 2000 + 2000 = 4000 kg

Acceleration, a2 = ?

m1×a1 = m2×a2

a2 = 0.25 m/s2

Multiple Choice Questions

Q41. The rockets work on the principle of conservation of:

a) mass

b) energy
c) momentum

d) velocity

Answer:

The correct answer is c) momentum

Q42. An object of mass 2 kg is sliding with a constant velocity of 4 m/s on a frictionless

horizontal table. The force required to keep this object moving with the same velocity is:

a) 32N

b) 0N

c) 2N

d) 8N

Answer:

The correct answer is b) 0N

Q43. The physical quantity which makes it easier to accelerate a small car than a large
car is measured in the unit of:

a) m/s

b) kg

c) kg.m/s

d) kg.m/s2

Answer:

The correct answer is b) kg

Q44. According to the third law of motion, action, and reaction:

a) always act on the same body but in opposite directions

b) always act on different bodies in opposite directions

c) have the same magnitudes and directions

d) act on either body at normal to each other

Answer:
The correct answer is b) always act on different bodies in opposite directions

Q45. The unit of measuring the momentum of a moving body is:

a) m.s-1

b) kg.m.s-1

c) kg.m.s-2

d) Nm2kg-2

Answer:

The correct answer is b) kg.m.s-1

Q46. A boy of mass 50 kg standing on the ground exerts a force of 500 N on the ground.
The force exerted by the ground on the boy will be:

a) 50 N

b) 25000 N

c) 10 N

d) 500 N

Answer:

The correct answer is d) 500 N

Q47. A Honda City car, a Maruti Alto car, a Tata Nano car, and a Mahindra Scorpio car,
are all running at the same speed of 50 m/s under identical conditions. If all these cars
are hit from behind with the same force, and they continue to move forward, the
maximum acceleration will be produced in:

a) Honda City: 1150 kg

b) Maruti Alto: 720 kg

c) Tata Nano: 600 kg

d) Mahindra Scorpio: 2510 kg

Answer:

The correct answer is c) Tata Nano: 600 kg

Q48. The acceleration produced by a force of 5 N acting on a mass of 20 kg in m/s 2 is:

a) 4

b) 100

c) 0.25

d) 2.5

Answer:

The correct answer is c) 0.25

Q49. Which of the following situations involves Newton’s second law of motion?

a) a force can stop a lighter vehicle as well as a heavier vehicle which are moving

b) a force can accelerate a lighter vehicle more easily than a heavier vehicle which is
moving

c) a force exerted by a lighter vehicle on collision with a heavier vehicle result in both
vehicles coming to a standstill

d) a force exerted by the escaping air from a balloon in the downward direction makes
the balloon to go upwards

Answer:

The correct answer is b) a force can accelerate a lighter vehicle more easily than a heavier
vehicle which is moving

Q50. A fielder pulls his hands backwards after catching the cricket ball. This enables the
fielder to:

a) exert larger force on the ball

b) reduce the force exerted by the ball

c) increase the rate of change of momentum

d) keep the ball in hands firmly

Answer:

The correct answer is b) reduce the force exerted by the ball