Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span Edelman 7th Edition Test Bank

Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span Edelman

7th Edition Test Bank

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Chapter 06: Health Promotion and the Individual
Edelman: Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 9th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Healthy People 2020 objectives provide a framework for

a. assessment.
b. diagnosis.
c. prevention.
d. treatment.
ANS: C
The health-promotion initiative named Healthy People 2010 provides a framework for
prevention.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 133

2. Which of the following best describes a primary prevention method for colon cancer?
a. Hemoccult testing
b. High fiber diet
c. Colonoscopy
d. Laparoscopy
ANS: B
Primary prevention includes generalized health promotion and specific protection from
disease. Hemoccult and colonoscopy are forms of screening, not prevention. Eating a healthy
diet high in fiber is a preventive measure.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 134

3. Who authored the framework that provides the foundation for nursing assessment and
diagnosis using the functional health patterns?
a. Erikson
b. Gordon
c. Newman
d. Nightingale
ANS: B
Gordon’s framework provides the foundation for most NANDA nursing diagnoses using the
functional health pattern. Nurses use the framework to combine assessment skills with
subjective and objective data to construct patterns.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 134

4. Over the last week, a person has had finger stick glucose levels of 127, 132, 140, 138, 143,
145, and 140. This information allows the nurse to characterize the person’s function pattern
by utilizing which area of focus?
a. Age-developmental
b. Functional
c. Individual–environmental
 d. Pattern
ANS: D
Pattern focus implies that the nurse explores patterns or sequences of behavior over time.
Pattern recognition occurs during information collection. Functional health patterns then
provide structure to analyze factors.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 135

5. A nurse is using a functional focus to assess a person. Which of the following the nurse be
evaluating?
a. Visual acuity
b. Pupil reactivity
c. Ability to drive
d. The red reflex
ANS: C
Functional focus refers to the individual’s performance level. Nurses assess how particular
visual patterns affect lifestyle. The ability to drive would affect a person’s lifestyle and might
require a change in how the person functions.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 137

6. Which of the following nurses is providing culturally competent care to the care recipient?
a. A nurse who refuses to care for a care recipient after an abortion when abortion
violates the nurse’s ethics.
b. A nurse who honors a Native American care recipient’s request to allow an ICU
visit from the tribe’s medicine man.
c. A nurse who only assigns aides from the same culture to care for care recipients.
d. All of the above.
ANS: B
Culturally competent care is delivered with knowledge of and sensitivity to cultural factors
influencing health behavior. Complex cultural patterns transmitted from former generations
contribute to individuals’ health behavior. Culturally competent care respects the underlying
personal and cultural reality of individuals. Given that one may never be fully competent in
cultures other than their own culture, the term cultural attunement may be more descriptive of
the aim.
Culturally competent care is not about the nurse’s ethics or culture. It is about the cultural
beliefs of the care recipient. Moreover, while nurses are exempt from assisting in a procedure
which violates their ethics, they are not permitted to refuse care to individual care recipients
who have had procedures which violate the nurse’s ethics. The nurse depicted in choice A is
clearly out of line. Also, it is not always possible to assign a staff who is from the same
culture as the care recipient and doing so would not guarantee of culturally competent care, in
any event. The aide from a given culture could conceivably reject that culture. The nurse who
honors a care recipient’s request to allow a visit from the tribal medicine man is practicing
culturally competent care.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 137

7. Which of the following statements is correct concerning functional focus in assessing a care
recipient?
a. It is an assessment unique to nursing.
b. It emphasizes the underlying disease process.
c. It refers to an individual’s level of performance.
d. It is a newer replacement for the NANDA-International Taxonomy.
ANS: C
Functional focus speaks to level of performance. Such focus is not unique to nursing and, in
fact, utilized by a variety of disciplines across the healthcare spectrum. It is not a replacement
to NANDA, but rather best used in transdisciplinary communication in conjunction with
NANDA-I. The text offers the following info: Functional focus refers to an individual’s
performance level. Other disciplines plan care using functional patterns, but assessment data
vary among disciplines. Physical therapists and occupational therapists, for example, focus on
physical ability to perform activities of daily living and rely on assessments of independent
ability to carry out personal activities of daily living to develop their plans. For physicians,
genitourinary function refers to frequency or voiding patterns and characteristics of urine,
such as color, odor, and laboratory analysis results. In addition to these factors of
genitourinary function, nurses assess how the particular voiding pattern affects lifestyle,
particularly how urinary frequency affects sleep patterns and the ability to perform activities
such as shopping or socializing. Additional concerns might include the individual’s ability to
walk or climb stairs to the bathroom or to manage these activities safely at night. It has been
suggested for all health disciplines to employ the Classification of Functioning, Disability and
Health. Relying on this classification could promote transdisciplinary communication about
functional patterns when used along with the NANDA-International taxonomy.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 137

8. Which nurse is rendering culturally attuned care?

a. A nurse who assists the wife of a Hispanic care recipient to safely light candles
b. A nurse who assists a Native American care recipient to choose hot and cold care
foods
c. A nurse who assists an African care recipient to find an acupuncture provider
d. A nurse who arranges for a drumming ceremony for an Asian care recipient
ANS: A
The nurse who assists family of a Hispanic care recipient to light candles is the only nurse
providing culturally attuned care. Hispanic culture provides for religious rituals to including
the lighting of candles especially within the context of Catholicism. All of the other choices
depict nurses facilitating healing measures which are not recognized within that particular
culture, although the practices mentioned are, in fact, recognized by other cultures. Box 6-2
presents information on common cultural perspectives for various populations of care
recipients who commonly present for care.
The text defines culturally attuned care as follows: Culturally competent care respects the
underlying personal and cultural reality of individuals. Given that one may never be fully
competent in cultures other than their own culture, the term cultural attunement may be more
descriptive of the aim. Nurses provide more culturally attuned care when they use cultural
norms, values, communication, and time patterns in reflective practice.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 137

 9. A 27-year-old woman has not received a Pap test in years. This assessment finding
identifies an alteration in which functional pattern?
a. Health perception–health management pattern
b. Elimination pattern
c. Activity–rest pattern
d. Self-perception–self-concept pattern
ANS: A
Assessment objectives for the health perception–health management pattern consist of
obtaining data about perceptions, management, and preventive health practices. Exploring
these values identifies potential health hazards. A 27-year-old woman should receive a Pap
test every 2 years. Failing to do so could place her at risk for health problems; thus, this
finding identifies an alteration in the health perception–health management pattern.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 138

10. A care recipient is experiencing an alteration in the health perception–health management

pattern and an alteration in the values–beliefs pattern. Which of the following best describes
the behavior of this person?
a. Never sees a physician
b. Only sees a physician if not feeling well
c. Sees a physician for screenings only
d. Sees a physician for follow-up care of a chronic disease
ANS: B
Health beliefs and perceptions directly affect participation in care. Dimensions of assessment
in the values–beliefs pattern include the individual’s values, beliefs, or goals that guide
choices or decisions that are related to health. People who do not believe in health-promotion
activities will likely see a physician only when sick. Thus, someone with an alteration in the
health perception–health management and values–beliefs patterns will likely only see a
physician if not feeling well.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 148

11. When assessing a person’s nutritional–metabolic pattern, which objective finding would have
implications for nursing intervention?
a. The person’s 24-h diet diary
b. The person’s dentition
c. The person’s food preferences
d. The person’s financial status
ANS: B
Although all of the assessment parameters listed have implications for nursing diagnosis and
planning for this care recipient, the only objective measure is the care recipient’s dentition. It
is the only one that can be validated with a physical exam.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 140

12. When assessing a care recipient’s activity–exercise pattern, which subjective finding has
implications for nursing practice?
a. A person’s decreased muscle tone
 b. A person’s amount of leisure time
c. A person’s decreased range of motion
d. A person’s use of a cane
ANS: B
Although all findings are important in assessing the activity–exercise pattern, the only
subjective finding is the amount of leisure time that the person reports having. All others are
objective findings and can be validated with a physical exam.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: pp. 141-142

13. During a health history, a person reports getting 5 h of sleep a night. What does this
information indicate to the nurse?
a. The person is not receiving enough sleep.
b. The person is receiving adequate sleep.
c. The nurse must determine where the person sleeps.
d. The nurse must ask additional questions.
ANS: D
The single most important factor assessed in the sleep–rest pattern is probably the perception
of adequacy of sleep and relaxation. The objective when assessing the sleep–rest pattern is to
describe the effectiveness of the pattern from the person’s perspective. Wide variation in sleep
time does not necessarily affect functional performance. Different individuals require different
amounts of sleep. Thus, without further subjective data, the nurse is not able to make a
diagnosis in this functional pattern.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 143

14. A nurse assesses the cognitive–perceptual pattern of a Type 1 diabetic care recipient. Which
finding has implications for the individual’s nursing plan of care?
a. Decreased sense of hearing
b. Decreased sense of smell
c. Decreased sense of taste
d. Decreased visual acuity
ANS: D
Assessment parameters in the cognitive–perceptual pattern include hearing, vision, smell, and
taste. A person with Type 1 diabetes mellitus requires insulin injections. A decrease in visual
acuity will make it difficult for the individual to draw up his or her medication and therefore
will influence the nurse’s plan of care.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: pp. 144-145

15. Which scenario indicates a potentially dysfunctional pattern?

a. Adult with frequent urination
b. Woman who lost her job
c. Elderly person with blurred vision
d. Overweight adult with a sweet tooth
ANS: B
 A pattern is potentially dysfunctional when sufficient evidence exists or enough risk factors
are present to indicate that a pattern of dysfunction will likely occur if interventions are not
instituted. A dysfunctional pattern is a problem when it represents a deviation from
established norms or from the individual’s previous condition or goal. The woman who lost
her job indicates a potential dysfunction pattern because the stress of losing her job places her
at risk for ineffective coping. The other scenarios are not potentially dysfunctional; by
definition, they are dysfunctional.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 150

16. Which scenario represents a dysfunctional pattern?

a. Sexually active teenager who does not use condoms
b. Salesman who sleeps only 5 h a night
c. Single mother of three children
d. Woman with a small extended family
ANS: A
A pattern is potentially dysfunctional when sufficient evidence exists or enough risk factors
are present to indicate that a pattern of dysfunction will likely occur if interventions are not
instituted. A dysfunctional pattern is a problem when it represents a deviation from
established norms or the individual’s previous condition or goal. Dysfunctional patterns may
be present in the absence of disease, and nursing care may be necessary for health promotion
and maintenance. The teenager, although free of disease, is in need of health promotion and
disease prevention strategies because her sexual behavior indicates a dysfunction in her
sexuality-reproductive pattern that places her at risk for a sexually transmitted disease and
pregnancy.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 150

17. A nurse is counseling a person with a dysfunctional sleep pattern. Which of the following
recommendations would the nurse most likely give the person?
a. Read in bed until he falls asleep.
b. Avoid fluids after 7 PM.
c. Exercise immediately before bedtime.
d. Watch television in the recliner in the evening.
ANS: B
Etiological factors of most dysfunctional patterns often lie within another pattern or patterns.
Outcomes and plans are based on probable cause. Exercising before bed, watching television,
and reading in bed are not considered appropriate sleep hygiene. Frequent urination may be
the cause of his dysfunctional sleep pattern and, if so, avoiding fluids before bed would be an
appropriate plan.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 143

18. A nurse is caring for a person with a potential dysfunction in the health perception–health
management pattern. Which of the following nursing interventions would most likely be
performed?
a. Arranging for home delivery of medication from the pharmacy
b. Providing education regarding the dangers of smoking
c. Instituting visiting nurse services for blood pressure checks
 d. Providing direct observed therapy for tuberculosis medications
ANS: B
Potential problems are risk states. Nursing interventions are directed toward risk reduction
through education. Health promotion requires the individual to participate in his own care, and
he cannot do this if he does not recognize his susceptibility to an impending health problem.
Providing education addresses the risk and provides the person with information needed to
change beliefs. The other options make the person a passive participant rather than an active
one.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 150

19. The nurse has determined that a person has a dysfunction in the nutritional–metabolic pattern.
Which action would be the next step for the nurse to take?
a. Weigh the person.
b. Set a goal weight with the person.
c. Ask the person what her favorite foods are.
d. Develop a plan for weight loss.
ANS: B
The individual’s goals and the determined diagnosis provide the basis for planning. Before
developing a plan, a goal must be set. Clarity of the goals and diagnosis is critical to the
development of an effective plan. In this case, the diagnosis has already been established and
thus assessment of this pattern has occurred (weight, favorite foods). The next step before
developing a plan is to set a goal weight with the care recipient.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 150

20. A nurse weighs a person who has been diagnosed with a dysfunction in the
nutritional–metabolic pattern. Which aspect of the nursing process is being performed?
a. Assessment
b. Implementation
c. Planning
d. Evaluation
ANS: D
The nursing process consists of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and
evaluation. A person who has been diagnosed with a dysfunction has already been assessed.
The process of analyzing changes experienced by a person after a plan has been implemented
occurs in the evaluation phase. In this question, a weight will determine whether or not the
person is moving toward her goals of weight loss.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 151

21. A nurse administers the T-ACE test to a pregnant woman. The woman’s responses result in a
score of 3. This score indicates that the woman
a. requires interventions for problem drinking.
b. lacks evidence of problem drinking.
c. requires interventions for sexually transmitted disease risks.
d. lacks evidence of sexually transmitted disease risks.
ANS: A
 The T-ACE provides a sensitive measure of alcohol-intake pattern in pregnant women. A
score of 2 or more indicates evidence of problem drinking. This care recipient had a score of
3, which would require an intervention for problem drinking.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 132 -Think About It

22. A Hispanic mother tells the nurse that she has been using home remedies for her child’s
asthma. Which home remedy might this mother be using?
a. Acupuncture
b. Cupping
c. Hot tea
d. Massage
ANS: C
The Hispanic population ascribe to the hot–cold imbalance view of disease where asthma is
viewed as a cold disease. Accordingly, administering hot tea to the child would be considered
an appropriate therapy to maintain equilibrium within this framework. Even without knowing
that asthma is a cold disease, option C is the only logical choice. Acupuncture, cupping, and
massage are all modalities used in the Asian culture and they not recognized as therapeutic
modalities by Hispanic persons.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 139, Box 6-2

23. Which classification system fulfills needs that are exclusive to nursing?
a. The International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP)
b. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)
c. The International Nursing Diagnoses Classification (NANDA-I)
d. The Nursing Diagnostic System (NDS)
ANS: C
The NANDA-I system includes diagnostic criteria, and related etiologies in addition to the
description. This system is often referred to as “nursing diagnoses.” The NANDA-I fulfills
needs that are exclusive to nursing. Other disciplines do not use nursing diagnoses.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 149

24. Erikson’s task of autonomy vs. shame and doubt occurs during which stage of development?
a. Infancy
b. Early childhood
c. Late childhood
d. Early adolescence
ANS: B
Erikson’s task of autonomy vs. shame and doubt occurs during early childhood.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 136 Tab 6-3

25. A young couple is deciding if they should get married and start a family. Which of Erikson’s
life stages are they experiencing?
a. Identity vs. role confusion
b. Intimacy vs. isolation
c. Generativity vs. stagnation
 d. Ego integrity vs. despair
ANS: B
During early adulthood individuals experience Erikson’s life stage of intimacy vs. isolation.
Examples of life events in this stage include committing to a mate and family responsibilities
and selecting a career. Identity vs. role confusion occurs during adolescence. Intimacy vs.
isolation occurs during middle adulthood. Ego integrity vs. despair occurs during maturity.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 136 Tab 6-3

26. Which cultural group defines illness as a price that is being paid for the past or the future?
a. African
b. Native American
c. Arabian
d. Asian
ANS: B
American Indians define illness as a price that is being paid for the past or the future.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 139, Box 6-2

27. A man is telling a nurse that he feels that his health is a gift from God. This statement most
closely coincides with beliefs of which cultural group?
a. African
b. Alaska Native
c. Asian
d. Hispanic
ANS: D
Hispanics define health as a gift from God.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 139, Box 6-2

28. Which of the following statements as it pertains to patient assessment is accurate?

a. Patient perceptions are subjective thus not reliable data for the assessment
purposes.
b. Previous compliance to regimens introduces prejudice thus should not be included.
c. Means to access health (finance, insurance, etc.) is best delegated to the social
worker.
d. Exploring values can identify health hazards and unrealistic expectations.
ANS: D
Exploring values identifies potential health hazards, such as lack of adherence to a prescribed
medical or nursing regimen or ability to manage health effectively. In addition to these kinds
of assessment cues, nurses identify unrealistic health and illness perceptions and expectations.
Patient perceptions, previous compliance to prescribed regimens, and means to access health
are all valid nursing assessment parameters and need to be explored. These areas provide
information which will assist the nurse in planning and implementing care for the care
recipient. While the social worker may be interested in means to access care, this information
is also of interest to the nurse and should be addressed. Similarly patient perceptions and
previous adherence to healthcare regimens provide important predictive information.
Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span Edelman 7th Edition Test Bank

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 138

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. A care recipient who fails to take his insulin on a regular basis may have a conflict in which of
the following functional health patterns? (Select all that apply)
a. Health perception–health management
b. Cognitive–perceptual
c. Elimination
d. Values–beliefs
ANS: A, B, D
A problem in one area serves as a clue to dysfunction in other areas. Cognitive patterns
include the ability of the individual to understand and follow directions, retain information,
make decisions, solve problems, and use language appropriately. As a result, this person may
not understand how to give himself the insulin properly. The values–beliefs pattern describes
values including the individual’s spiritual values, beliefs, and goals. This person may not
believe in the use of medications unless he is symptomatic. The health perception–health
management pattern involves the individual’s health status and health practices used to reach
the current level of health or wellness, with a focus on perceived health status and meaning of
health to the individual. This person may not believe in health promotion and prevention.
Thus, a person who fails to take his insulin on a regular basis may have a conflict in the health
perception–health management, cognitive–perceptual, and values–beliefs patterns.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 140

2. Which individual is at risk for a dysfunction in elimination pattern? (Select all that apply)
a. 46-year-old mother of two
b. 32-year-old male who eats primarily burgers, sandwiches, and pizza
c. 15-year-old girl
d. 72-year-old white woman
ANS: A, B, C, D
When evaluating elimination patterns, nurses must consider age, developmental level, and
cultural considerations. A 46-year-old mother of two is at risk for urinary stress incontinence
because of the two vaginal births; an older adult is at risk for urinary control problems;
persons who do not eat fruits or vegetables (burgers, sandwiches, and pizza) have a diet low in
fiber, which can lead to constipation; and teenagers, especially girls, may have problems with
body image, leading to abuse of laxatives. Thus, all persons listed are at risk for a dysfunction
in elimination patterns.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: pp. 140-141

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