Patriotism

Name of Institution: Federal TVET Agency
Civics and Ethical Education

NTQF Level III
Unit of Competence:Develop Patriotic Personality
Module Title:Developing Patriotic Personality

LG Code: TVETCEEM3 M01 LO1-01
TTLM Code: CEE3TTLM 0215v1
LO 1:Discuss the basis of patriotism
Instruction Sheet Learning Guide #1
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics –
 Meaning and Concept of Patriotism
 The factors that contribute to the building of sense of patriotism
 The history of Ethiopian flag
 Respecting differences
 The prevalence of equality
Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

Ethical Education Level III
Author: Federal TVET Agency
Version: 1 Revision: 0
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to –
● Define the meaning and concept of patriotism

● Enumerate the factors that contribute to the building of sense of patriotism
● Narrate the history of Ethiopian flag
● Discuss respecting differences
● Elaborate the prevalence of equality
Learning Instructions:
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
2. Follow the instructions described in number 3 to 20.
3. Read the information written in the “Information Sheets 1”. Try to understand what are being
discussed. Ask your teacher for assistance if you have hard time to understand them.
4. Accomplish the “Self-check 1” in page __.
5. Ask your teacher for the key to correction (key answers) or you can request your teacher to
correct your work. (You can get the key answer only after you finished answering the Self-
check 1).
6. If you earn a satisfactory evaluation proceed to “Information Sheet 2”. However, if your
rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions or go back to Learning
Activity #2.
7. Submit your accomplished Self-check. This will form part of your training portfolio.
8. Read the information written in the “Information Sheet 2”. Try to understand what are being
discussed. Ask you teacher for assistance if you have hard time understanding them.
10. Ask from your teacher the key to correction (key answers) or you can request your teacher to
correct your work. (You are to get the key answer only after you finished answering the Self-
check 2).
11. Read the information written in the “Information Sheets 3 and 4”. Try to understand what are
being discussed. Ask you teacher for assistance if you have hard time understanding them.
check 3).

Information Sheet #1 Meaning and Concept of Patriotism
What is patriotism?
The meaning of patriotism is associated with the following expressions:-
 The keen love of one’s country and loyalty to its government and institutions;
 The pride in one’s country ,an intense love, zealous devotion to her interest;
 The love of country and willingness to scarifies for it;
 The devotion to one’s country, including the fundamental values and principles upon
which it depends;
 The display and commitment of virtuous citizens to their homeland in words and deeds.
 In democratic society, patriotism is meant devotion to democratic values and principles

as well determination to stand guard for the right and interest of citizens.
Types of Patriotism
There are two types of Patriotism. Traditional and Constitutional (Democratic) patriotism
Traditional Patriotism:- refers to a patriot is one who dies for its country, respects and the
national anthems, flags, and loves the physical features of the country. Some major characteristics
of traditional patriotism are:
 Love of one’s country and particularistic sense of belonging to nation or country;
 The patriotic attachment is to territory or to the country in abstract;
 It is required to be loyal only to the government irrespective of its political character;
 The state is considered as supreme and has the sovereign power;
 It can degenerate into nationalistic chauvinism and promotes intolerance and endangers the
peace of the national state.etc.
Constitutional (Democratic) patriotism:-
 Its guiding Principles are the constitutional democracy;
 It celebrate one’s belongingness to constitutional state;
 Loyal to the values and principles of democracy enshrined in democratic constitution;
 It tends to universalism and promote internationalism; etc.
Generally, patriot in modern sense is the one who live the community or the people he/she belongs
stand for the right of the others. It is also readiness to make sacrifices for what is considered its
best interest.
Self-Check 1 Written Test
Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next
page:
1. Define the term Patriotism in your own words.(4points)

2. Compare and contrast traditional patriotism and modern/constitutional patriotism.
(4points)
3. Evaluate yourself whether you are traditional patriotism or modern/constitutional
patriotism. Give your answer with example. .(2 points)
4. Discuss the new dimension of patriotism in contemporary Ethiopia. (2 points)
Note: Satisfactory rating - 6 points Unsatisfactory - below 6 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.
Answer Sheet Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Short Answer Questions
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The factors that contribute to the building of sense of

Information Sheet #2
patriotism

The factors that contribute to the building sense of patriotism
There are certain conditions that make people to love their homeland and these conditions are
known as factors or basis for building patriotism. These factors include tolerance of diversity,
legality, and prevalence of rule of law in the country.
1. Tolerance of Diversity
Tolerance of diversity accepts any kinds of difference as natural. Differences in race, language,
colour, religion, etc by themselves are cultural values of a country. On the other hand if there is
no tolerance people would not respect each other and this condition creates discrimination
among people. The prevalence of discrimination would result in conflict and hatred and that
make people not love their country. Therefore, these differences should be maintained peacefully
and should be tolerated to avoid serious problems.
When there is respect of language, race, religion, etc of others, there should be love of people of
different background people love each other and would have patriotic feeling for their country as
a whole. This condition indicates that, patriotism is not only love of the soil of one’s birth land,
its scenario-the physical topology ( the rivers, hills, mallows, valleys, etc) but more importantly
love of people of the country. When we love the people we love their culture and ways of life in
general.
Some benefits of diversity include:-
 Rich cultural ,linguistic and intellectual rewards;
 Enriches common values and identify the citizens of a nation;
 Unity without homogeneity. In other words tolerating diversity encourages and maintains
distinctive identities of plural societies rather than seeking to be mixed together or to be
assimilated;
 Creates conditions for liberty, richness of life and innovations
These and other positive contributions and benefits of diversity and pluralism always exist when
there is trust and tolerance of citizens and good governance of the state.
2. Equal Access to all kinds of Opportunities
Equal access implies:-

 Equitable distribution of natural resources political power and social services to the
people of the country.
 Avoiding inequality of opportunity caused by discriminatory policies.
The logic behind this is that the country belongs to all its citizens. No one is more citizen than
the other. The existence of any form of deliberate inequalities would create hatred and revelry
among the citizen of a given country.
Citizens would not have sense of love for their country unless they are entertained equally to use
all kinds of opportunities in their country. When people are restricted to use economic, political
and social opportunities equally with others they would develop negative feeling againsttheir
own country.
3. Prevalence of Rule of Law

Rule of law is another important factor for the development of patriotic feeling. On the contrary
absence of rule of law creates condition of instability, chaos, and arbitrary rule. These result in
violation of the rights and freedom of citizens. This situation forces citizens to have a negative
attitude towards their country. Therefore, to enable citizens to have strong patriotic feeling and
positive attitude towards their country, there should be prevalence of rule of law.
page:

1. Why is the principle of tolerance very important to the society of Ethiopia? (4 points)
2. What will happen when citizens lack equal access to all kinds of opportunity? (4 points)
3. What is the importance of prevalence of rule of law in building a sense of patriotism? (4
points)
Note: Satisfactory rating – 9 points Unsatisfactory - below 9 points


Rating: ____________

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Case study Practical Demonstration
Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________
Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ¼ hour

Instructions: Read the following quotes and discuss their meanings. You can do it in
groups or pairs.(3 points for each)
“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your rights to say it.”
Evelyn Beatrice Hall
“The price of democratic way of life is a growing appreciation of people’s differences,

not merely as tolerable, but as the essence of a rich and rewarding human
experience.”Jerome Nathason
Source:-FDRE MOE (2002 E.C.) Civics and Ethical Education.Grade 12, P66.Laxmi
Publications, India.
Information Sheet #3 The history of Ethiopian flag
The history of Ethiopian flag

National Symbol such as flag and the national anthem are important features for the identity of
nations across the world. Ethiopia has a flag and national anthem which establishes its identity in
the world.
The flag in Ethiopia has a long history. It extends over a thousand years. Traditionally, there
was a tendency to relate thedifferent colors of the flag with different regions. For
instance, red represent Tigray, green for Shoa andyellow for Amhara. During the period of
Emperor Tewodros II, a multi-colored fag with an emblem of Lion of Judah was raised closed to
the emperor’s tent.When emperor Yohannis IV came to power it is said that there was a flag in
red, white and green. Likewise, Emperor Menelik was believed to have used a flag in green, red,
and yellow. The present flag in green, yellow and red, however, probably became the national
flag of Ethiopia during thetime of Empress Zewdituin 1918.
The 1931 constitution of Ethiopia did not mention the national flag. But the revised constitution
of 1955 stated the national flag should have horizontally arranged stripes of green, yellow, and
red.The emblem on the Ethiopian flag During Haile Selassie rule was crowned Lion of Judah.
The constitution of the Derg changed the emblem to show the state ideology of socialism.
With the transition to democracy, the 1995 constitutionmaintained the flag of Ethiopia with the
same colors but with different emblem. The green indicates prosperity, the yellow hope and the
red symbolized the sacrifices to be made for the sovereignty of Ethiopia. The star with
equidistant rays represents equality of all nations, nationalities and peoples as well as religions
and gender.
page:

1. Have you ever thought, why does the flag and national anthem bring to the people a rush
of pride, sometimes tears? What are your reasons for such condition? (4points)
2. Describe the recent features of Ethiopian flag. (4points)
3. Explain the features of your regional flag. (4points)
4. In groups, gather data from other trainees and staff in your institution on how the national
and regional flagsare perceived. Share this information with the rest of the class.
(4points)
Note: Satisfactory rating – 8 points Unsatisfactory - below 8 points


Rating: ____________

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Information Sheet #4 Respecting differences and prevalence of equality
1. Respecting differences

Tolerance refers to an attitude of openness and respect for the differences that exist among
people. Originally tolerance was used to refer to acceptance of ethnic and religious differences
but now concepts of diversity and tolerance can be also applied to differences such as gender
and disability. Tolerance means accepting and valuing differences, bridging cultural gaps and
discovering common grounds. It also means rejecting stereotypes and creating new
relationships with people who differ from us. Tolerance is accepting equality of citizens
despite different backgrounds. It is about accepting and respecting people for who they are. It
is not being tolerant of bad behaviors, because bad behavior shows lack of respect and care for
others. Behaviors that disrespect or hurt others, such as lying and stealing, breaking social rules
and laws, should not be tolerated
2.Prevalence of equality
Prevalence of equality implies equal access to all kinds of opportunities. These include:-
 Equitable distribution of natural resources, political power, social services to the people
of the country
 Avoiding inequality of opportunity caused by discriminatory policies
Citizens would have a sense of love of their country if and only if they are treated equally to use
all kinds of opportunities in their country.
Directions:Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the next
page:
1. Describe the relation between tolerance and respect difference? (4 points)

2. What is the benefit of respecting differences in building democracy? (4 points)
3. Explain Prevalence of equality in your own words. (4 points)

Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

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NTQF Level III
Unit of Competence: Develop Patriotic citizen

Module Title: Developing Patriotic citizen
LO2: Explain the quality of patriotic citizens
● The responsibilities of patriotic citizen
● Ethical behaviors of patriotic citizens
● The struggle for the respect of human and democratic rights
● Explain the responsibilities of patriotic citizen .

● Discuss ethical behaviors of patriotic citizens
● Discuss the struggle for the respect of human and democratic rights.

correct your work. (You can get the key answer only after you finished answering the Self-check
1).
rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for further instructions or go back to Learning Activity
#2.
check 2).
check 3).

The responsibilities of patriotic citizen
Patriotic citizens have many responsibilities including working for the well being of their
community and promoting the interest of their country. Some Features of responsible patriotic
citizen are as follows:-
A .Respecting constitution and its provisions
In the constitutional system it is a duty of every citizen to show unreserved support for the
implementation of constitutional provision. A true patriotic citizen can do this by actively
participating in institutional policies. They can also do this by fulfilling constitutional
obligations in good faith. Citizens can also support the implementation of constitutional
provision by opposing government or private action which are unconstitutional.
B. Respecting the rights of others
A patriot has the duty to respect the constitutional right and entitlement of individual and group.
Failing to respect the right of nations, nationalities and people of Ethiopia is unpatriotic.
Therefore, as a patriot Ethiopian you are expected to respect the rights of your fellow citizens
C .Loyalty
Loyalty is the quality of being faithful allegiance to the particular state or people. Loyalty of
Patriots are devoted to the nation and its historical and cultural achievement. However this does
Not mean that patriots should be loyal to dictatorial and undemocratic governments that
undermine human rights and freedom of citizens. Struggling against such governments is by
itself the attribute of patriotism.
D. Showing tolerance and developing the culture of peace
Tolerance and the culture of peace are important attribute of true patriotism in multi cultural
society. In countries such as Ethiopia where different groups with varied languages, religions and
other attributes coexist, it is important that there is the space for all of them to have some
common ground that offer them the opportunity and privilege to claim pride in their own legacy
and history.
In a democratic and constitutional system, this recognizes differences and multiculturalism.
Tolerance is not a gift that you provide to others. It is very important constitutional and civil
obligation.
As a patriotic person, you need to be keen in solving your problems and differences in a
peaceful manner.

E. Respect for national heritage and work for the protection and preservation
Ethiopia has many important national heritages and historical sites. The Rock Hewn Church of
Lalibela, The Palace of Jima Aba Jifar, the Palace of AtseFasil in Gondar and the various
monument located in Ethiopia are just few of national heritages among many..These national
heritages not only attract thousands of tourists, but they are also source of generating income.
Therefore a true patriot is expected to protect these national heritages.
F. Keep National Secrets
State secrets are those you should keep due to social mindedness and love for your country.
A patriot always maintains national secrets, especially, at the time of war. A patriot is not a
dictator and does not make treason against his/her country.
G. Respecting National Symbol

A patriot always respects his/her country’s national values. National symbols include such things
as national flag, national anthem, and national day or days of independency. The first two are
important features for the identity of nations across the world. They indicate the independence of
a country and its citizens on a legal footing to other nations that a patriot should reject. Beside
this Ethiopia has also national day such as March 2 victory of Adwa, May 5 is the day that
marked the end of the five years struggle between Ethiopian patriots and the Italian invaders.
H. Exposing unjust act of the government

As a patriot, you are expected to expose wrong doing, unethical activities and mismanagements
of your government. True patriots publicize information about human right violations by the
police or any government officials. They also give out information about a corruption scandal
that may be going on in the government office.

page:
1. Discuss at least four important features of responsible patriotic citizen. (5points)

2. Identify and explain your personal quality as responsible citizen. (5points)
3. If the national constitution does not favor the interest of the public, is the patriot duty
bound to respect the provisions of this constitution? Explain (5points)
4. Enumerate all national heritages located around your home place. (3 points)


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Case Study Practice the cases
Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________
Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ½ hour
Instructions: Assess and report on Mohandas Gandhi’s method of struggle when the British
ruled India. Discuss the similarities and differences between Martin Luther
king Jnr’s and Gandhi’s methods of Struggle. (6 points)
Case Study
Mohandas Gandhi
After Mohandas Gandhi suffered discrimination in South Africa, he became a human rights’
activist. Through his activities, he influenced the future political development in different parts
of the world. Gandhi said:”you must be the change you wish to see in the world. I have not the
shadow of a doubt that any man or woman can achieve what I have, if he/she would make the
same effort and cultivate the same hope and faith.”
Source :-FDRE MOE(204 E.C.) Civics and Ethical Education. Grade 12, P66, , Laxmi
Publications, India.

Ethical behaviors of patriotic citizens
Ethical Behaviors
The term ethics comes from the Greek term “ethos” which means behavior. The term ethics
can be defined as the rules or standards governing the behavior of a person or member of
profession.Ethics also refers to the study of moral standards and how they affect behaviors. It is
sometimes called moral philosophy.
Morality is a system that tells you how to act where as ethics is the study of that system.
Morality deals with a system of behavior related to standards of right or wrong.
Morality is important because it ensures good and fair relationships.
Our everyday activities involve ethical decision b/c we assess what is right and wrong before we
take action. Patriotic citizens also act ethically:-
 Doing your part for the public interest and contribute to the development of democracy.
 Serving your community and promoting the development of democracy.
 Promoting, Harmony, Equality, Peace, Democracy etc.
There are widely accepted ethical behaviors which help to create harmonious relationship:-
A/ being respectful C/ Truthfulness and E/ Courage
B/ Honest D/ Fairness
A/ Fairness: - Treating other people with fairness including:-
i. Treating others the way you want to be treated.
ii. Impartial treatment of people,
iii. Being open minded and reasonable;
iv. Acting according to rules.
B/ Truth fullness
It is the basis of good relationship and character when you try to keep promises, be liable and
honest, you will have good social relationships with other people.
C/ Courage
It refers to be brave and confident to do what you believe in and what you want to do.
Courage people:-
 stand up for what is right
 do not hesitate to say ’ No’, when they see something wrong
 Fear of failure does not prevent them from trying new thing

page:
1. Define the term ethics. (2 points)

2. What should be the ethical behavior of patriotic citizen in daily activities? (4 points)
3. Discuss at least three expected ethical behaviors from patriotic citizen. (6 points)


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Information Sheet #3 The struggle for the respect of humanand democratic rights
The struggle for Human and Democratic Rights

Human and democratic rights are incorporated in international documents such as the universal
Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and in constitutions of many countries. Human rights and
Democratic rights were not fully respected, even in countries which have a long history of
democratic culture.
Human and democratic rights have been recognized as a result of a continuous and bitter
struggle. The French revolution and the American Revolution are good examples. Americans
managed to establish their state on the basis of a modern constitution after a bitter struggle
against the British colonial rul. American Civil rights movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s
attacked racial inequality.
The quest of the protection and guarantee of democratic and fundamental rights are neither
foreign nor recent to the people of Ethiopia. Ethiopian history has abundant examples of
struggles waged by Ethiopian people for their rights to equality.
Women’s movement from the 1960s to the present struggle demanding gender equality, struggle
for political and economic equality in Ethiopia carried out by the peasant and other sections of
the society. Historically well documented struggle for equality are found in different regions of
Ethiopia. The most popular one’s are the Gojjam, Bale and Tgrai peasants rebellions against the
central government demanding new economic policy for taxation and better administration that
suits the interest of the region.
The struggle of the Ethiopian people’s for equality and democracy has led to the emergence of a
democratic constitution and the beginning of a democratic process in Ethiopia. The FDRE
constitution incorporates human and democratic rights. Examples of Articles from the FDRE
constitution:-
1. Human rights
 Article 15- Right to life;
 Article 16- Right to the security of person;
 Article 17- Right to liberty;
 Article 18- Right to prohibition against in human treatment;
2. Democratic rights
 Article 30 - The right to assembly, demonstration and petition.

page:
1. Enumerate some Ethiopian struggles for the respect of human and democratic rights
(7 points)
2. Who is responsible for respecting human and democratic rights? ( 3points)


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NTQF Level III
Unit of Competence: Develop Patriotic Personality
Module Title: Developing Patriotic Personality

LO3. Describe Ethiopian history in an international perspective
 Ethiopia as an ancient civilized, unconquered and independent state
 Ethiopian’s contributions to peace and stability to the nation and the world
 Ethiopia’s membership in different international organizations
 Patriotism, citizenship and globalization in the Ethiopian context

 Elaborate Ethiopia as an ancient civilized, unconquered and independent state.

 Appreciate Ethiopian’s contributions to peace and stability to the nation and the world.
 Discuss Ethiopia’s membership in different international organizations.
 Differentiate Patriotism, citizenship and globalization.
1).
#2.
check 2).

check
Ethiopia as an ancient civilized, unconquered and independent state
Ethiopian patriotism had a strong nationalistic orientation where ones true patriotic feeling are
displayed with an individual’s readiness to give his / nor her life for the mother land. In this
regard, Ethiopia is a country of ancient history and a symbol of independence which defended
itself against colonial attempts.
Ethiopia was reunified in 1855 by Tewodros II, beginning Ethiopia's modern history. Ethiopia
began to go through a slow modernization process, and defended itself from an Egyptian
invasion in 1874 during the reign of Yohannes IV. Under Menelik II, Ethiopia defeated an Italian
invasion in 1896 and came to be recognized as a legitimate state by European powers. The defeat
of a foreign power by Ethiopia became a symbol of freedom and independence for the whole
black people of the world. Ethiopian patriots, even in the absence of their Emperor, fought
against the Italian forces (1936-1941). Mussolini invaded Eth. in 1936 to revenge the humiliating
defeat of the Italian army at the battle of Adwa (1896)
Ethiopia is the only country in Africa that was never colonized. It fought many wars to maintain
its independence and had interaction with the outside world for a long time. The victory of Adwa
was coupled with the formation of a strong central government in the country.
Haile Selassie was overthrown in 1974 and the militaristic Derg Regime came to power. In 1977
Somaliainvaded to try and annex the Ogaden region, but was pushed back by Ethiopian, Soviet,
and Cuban forces. After a famine in 1984 killing 1 million people, the Derg fell in 1991 and the
Federal Democratic Republic was established. Ethiopia remains impoverished, but its economy
has become one of the world's fastest growing.

page:
1. Discuss how Ethiopia is a country of ancient history and a symbol of independence.
(5points)
2. Explain the role Ethiopian patriot in defending the country from anFrom different
invasions at different time. (5points)


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Ethiopian’s contributions to peace and stability to the nation and the world
In Ethiopia patriotism had a strong nationalistic orientation where one’s true patriotic feelings
are displayed with an individual’s readiness to give his/her life for the motherland. Indeed that is
why despite the fact that Ethiopia is the oldest independent state in Africa.
None inclusive nature of Ethiopian patriotism is reflected in many other ways. For example, even
though there were so many women patriots who participated in many wars in Ethiopia was
engaged in throughout its history. However, Ethiopian patriotism was essentially masculine
being embellished with symbols that celebrate masculinity. Almost all patriotic songs celebrate
the achievement of males. It doesn’t consider women as patriots.
Ethiopia Contributed quite a lot to the cause of the UN- far more than any other African country
could do then. She has been also involved in the organization’s peace keeping operations. For
instance, Ethiopia has sent military contingents to Korean civil war (1950-53) and the Congo
during the Congo crisis 1960s for the purpose of restoring international peace and security. In
recent years, Ethiopian peacekeeping forces under the UN have served in Rwanda, Burundi,
Liberia, and Darfur to maintain peace and help the local people.
Ethiopia also actively participated in adopting mechanism to monitor the peace process in
Somalia. She also took the mandate to see the peaceful resolution of the crisis in Somalia and
showed commitment to the formation of an interim government in Somalia.

page:
1. What are the major factors that make all people of Ethiopia to stand against their enemy
at the battle of Adwa? ( 5 points)
2. What was the reason for none inclusive nature of Ethiopian patriotism is reflected in
many other ways? ( 4 points)
3. Explain in your own words Ethiopian’s contributions to peace and stability to the nation
and the world. ( 4 points)

Note: Satisfactory rating – 6.5 points Unsatisfactory - below 6.5 points

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Information Sheet #3 Ethiopia’s membership in different international organizations

Ethiopia and International Organization
Ethiopia became a member of both the League of Nations and international labor organization
(ILO) in 1923. Ethiopia joined the League in order to protect its sovereignty and territorial
integrity not by war, but by law. Ethiopia had strong faith in league’s peace keeping role. In
1946, the league voted to affect its own dissolution, where upon much of its property and
organization was transferred to the UN. Thus, the league was never truly effective as peace
keeping organization.
Ethiopia is also a founding member of the United Nations and also signed The United Nations
charter in November 1945. Ethiopia has participated in the general assembly since its first
session in 1946. She served as a member of the special committee on the implementation of the
declaration of decolonization established in 1961.
Ethiopia and Organization of the African Union
Organization of African Union (OAU) was established on 25 May 1963 in Addis Ababa.
Ethiopia pioneered the establishment of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), now the
African Union (AU) and Addis Ababa became its headquarters.Meanwhile Ethiopia has a
major role:-
 In the process of establishing the OAU
 She has hosted and actively participated in different assemblies of heads of states and
governments
 Leaders of Ethiopia has served as chairman of the OAU at different times
 Ethiopia played commendable role to end the last vestiges of colonialism in Angola,
Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau and Namibia and South Africa.
 She has played a major role in the establishment of mechanisms for conflict prevention,
management and resolution, for instance she sent peace keeping force to Rwanda.
IGAD (Inter governmental authority on development)
Ethiopia is also the founding member of IGAD (Inter governmental authority on development)
that was established in 1962 after the agreement was reached among the stats in the Horn of

Africa. The impetus for its creation is economic and environmental crisis that mainly affected the
region due to the prevalence of famine, drought and insecurity. The founding member states are
Ethiopia, Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya Sudan and Uganda.
COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)
It is an organization which was established in 1994 by the Eastern and Southern African states
including Ethiopia. It‘s mission is to cooperate in developing their natural and human resources
for the good of all their people. It replaced the former Preferential Trade Area (PTA).
COMESA’s main focus is in the formation of large economic and trading unit. Ethiopia had a
great role in the establishment of PTA and then COMESA since 1960s.
Ethiopia and Non- Aligned Movement (NAM)
Ethiopia is one of the founding members of NAM. It has participated in the 1955 .The term non-
aligned is commonly used to describe the foreign policies of nations which are not in an alliance
with either the communist or western block. It is a pursuit of a policy advocating freedom from
commitment to any power block with right of self-determination and freedom to act
independently in the international sphere without any fear or pressure. Therefore Ethiopia had
played a major role in the effort exerted to create the organization.

page:
1. Explain the active role Ethiopia played in the formation of international organizations.
(3 points)
2. Explain the active role Ethiopia played in the formation of African organizations. (3points)


Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
1________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Case study Discuss the case
Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________
Time started: ________________________ Time finished: 1/4hour
Instructions: Form groups to discuss the relevance of the transformation of the OAU to
the AU for Africans and Ethiopians based on the following case study. Group leaders
should present your ideas to the class for further discussion. (14 Points)
Case Study
Ethiopia’s role in the transformation of the OAU to the AU
During the colonial era, Africa was called ‘The Dark Continent’. The only independent country
in Africa at the turn of the 20th century was Ethiopia. Its independence was hard-won. Ethiopia
became an inspirational force for the decolonization of Africa. From the mid 1950’s through to
the early 1960’s, most British and French colonies gained formal independence in the continent.
In 1963, independent African countries met to establish the Organization of the African Unity
(OAU) in Addis Ababa. The OAU became the collective voice of the Africans for equity and
justice in international politics. After decades of existence and a commendable role in
dismantling the last vestiges of colonialism, the OAU joined with the African Economic
Commission (AEC) to become the AU. Once again, Africans agreed to place the new African
Union in its natural home – Ethiopia. So, Addis Ababa continues to be the focus for African
unity.

Information Sheet #4 Patriotism, citizenship and globalization in the Ethiopian context
The current situation of our world, however, does not favor us to proceed with nationalism and
to live in isolation from others. The current global phenomenon shows that our world is
becoming highly interconnected and interdependent. In this situation love of one’s own country
(patriotism) should further extend to the love of the people of other countries. This global
patriotism is in the global context with the devotion the whole humanity. Global patriotism is the
love of all human beings without considering differences in ethnicity, race, religion etc. It is
expressed by giving care and respect for the people of the world. This is owing to the fact that,
we are not only the citizens of the world.
We live in the world where globalization and regionalism are important phenomena. For
instance, as African we have certain common culture, life style, challenges and density and as we
are also a global citizen, we are now in a time where the world has better access to
communication and other instruments of relationship. This shows the continuous transformation
of what we call patriotism. A true modern patriot should be tends to universalism and global
citizenship. Global citizens necessarily do not have to be born to country. The nature of global
citizen include:-
 Has no Physical or political boundary ;
 Its responsibility and duties are flexible and fluid;
 Is usually aware of the wider world;
 Is willing to act to make the world as more equitable and sustainable place.
 Maintains international security and combat international terrorism and
 Respects values diversity and committed to international peace.
Globalization is important ingredient in economic reforms package has the following
components:-
 Eliminating trade obstruction to facilitate free flow of goods;
 Creating conditions conducive to free flow of technology and labour.
Global citizenship is enriched by the availability of fast communication and culture exchange.
One of the greatest advantages of global citizenship is therefore that it creates the platform to
construct common agenda and promote cooperation.
page:
1. Explain characteristics of global citizenship. (3points)

2. Identify those International organizations that one can express his/her global
responsibility of global patriotism. (4points)
Clue: - A. International Red Cross
B. Green Peace
C. ____________________________
D.____________________________
E. ______________________________
F. _____________________________
3. Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of globalization. (3points)


Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
1________________________________________________________________
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2________________________________________________________________
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3________________________________________________________________
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NTQF Level III

LO4: Analyze voluntarism on National basis
 Voluntarism and its importance for addressing national problems
 The role of volunteering in promoting the national
 Voluntarism in an organization
 Explain Voluntarism and its importance for addressing national problems

 .Discuss The role of volunteering in promoting the national interest
 Voluntarism is practiced in the organization

1).
#2.
check 2).
check 3).

Voluntarism and the role of volunteering in promoting the national interest
Voluntarism is contributing one’s time or talent to help others in the community and to promote
the national interest without regard for compensation. People participate in voluntary activities to
promote the interest of their in many ways. E.g. contribute their money talent. Some voluntary
activities focus on local and community problems such as water shortages, school or health
problems, promote itsdevelopment, defend the constitution and maintain domestic peace.
A patriotic citizen participates in voluntary activities to promote interest of the country by
defending sovereignty and territorial integrity,
Volunteers contribute to the wellbeing of others at various levels: local, national and
international. There are millions of volunteers all over the world who work for the betterment of
communities and nations. There are several thousand international volunteers who move outside
their countries to provide voluntary services. For example many volunteers have come from the
United States, the United Kingdom and other countries to teach in schools, colleges, universities
and hospitals and to provide services in Ethiopia.
Voluntary efforts have also served many purposes in the time of peace and war. For example
thousands of Ethiopians have contributed their efforts and lives to defend the freedom and
independence of their country. During the period of the Italian invasion (1936-1941) Ethiopians
offered strong resistance organizing themselves into patriotic groups. They formed secret groups
to spy on enemy positions and they created war plans. They attacked the convoys of the enemy,
prisons and camps. Women patriots contributed by taking part in the fightagainstthe enemy,
nursing wounded patriots, providing food and comfort and working as spies. Those Ethiopian
patriots continued their struggle until the Italian forces were pushed out of the country. They did
this without the expectation of pay or other material gains.
Citizens can involve themselves in many activities to promote national interests. In our society
there are many areas where help is required to support the members of our community and to
benefit our society as a whole. Any activity you can involve yourself in that is of benefit in an
area that requires assistance will be a positive advantage in the long run. For example our
environment needs to be cared for; this could include removing rubbish from an area of beauty
or planting trees in a place of deforestation. There are many poor members of our society who
could benefitfrom help, such as the elderly and street children. Giving your time to help to
raise awareness on the issue of HIV can save the lives of others in the future. Your voluntary
activities can change the lives of others and support the development of Ethiopia.
Through volunteering you are not only supporting your country but may also gain valuable
skills and experience. Many volunteers feel great personal satisfaction when they give their
time to serve worthy causes. They often meet new people and make new friends.
Volunteering has also been a way for many people to move into new careers, by
volunteering firstto get into an organization. There are many benefitsto volunteering both
personally and for society.

page:
1. What is voluntarism? (1 point)

2. Discuss the initiative factors for voluntary activities. (2 points)
3. Explain the personal benefits of volunteers in voluntary services. (3 points)
4. Discuss the role of volunteering in promoting the national interest. (4 points)


Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
1.________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________
2.________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________
3.________________________________________________________________
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4.____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
__

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________
Instruction: Identify the problem of your organization/Institution and perform the

following tasks within 1 hour. (5points for each)
Task 1: Assess and list the problems that easily solved with voluntary services.
Task 2: Choose one possible problem that easily solved with your own voluntary services or
with your partners/ groups.

Voluntarism Practicing in the Organization
Voluntary services can be provided on an individual basis, in most cases people with similar
purposes form or join voluntary organizations to achieve common goals. There are many
voluntary organizations that focus on different social, economic and environmental issues. They
are also focus on national issues such as fighting against HIV/AIDS, gender inequality and
against poverty.
Voluntary organizations are different from other organizations in some ways. For example:
• They are different from purely social groupings because they have some degree of formal
organizational existence.
• They are non-profitmaking organizations.
• They are independent of government or other public authorities and are free to govern
themselves without interference.
• They are often active in the public arena and their activities are aimed at contributing to the
common good.

page:
1. Discuss the role of voluntary organizations in the development of the country. (3 points)
2. Elaborate the benefits of individuals by joining voluntary organizations. (3 points)
3. Compare and contrast Voluntary organizations with other organizations. (4 points)


Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
1________________________________________________________________
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2________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________
3.________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________
Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ¼ hour
Instructions: Answer the following questions based on the given case study and perform
the following tasks within 1/4 hour. (4 points for each)
Case study
Since there is no modern health institution for heart surgery in Ethiopia, people with heart
problems have to go to Europe or America to get medical treatment. Most of the people,
including children with chronic heart problems, lead painful and hopeless lives because
they are not able to travel abroad due to the cost of the treatment.
Belay Abegaz is a medical doctor who has lived abroad for many years. He came back to
this country, volunteering to help his people. He quit his job and attractive income
because of his dream of saving the lives of children suffering from heart diseases. He
came to Ethiopia aiming to help children who suffer from chronic heart problems. To
achieve this he founded Children`s Heart Fund of Ethiopia (CHFE). With the help of his
friends, the people and the government, he started the construction of the building for the
Cardiac Center. He gained support to get medical equipment and professionals from
abroad. Belay always says that he is happy to come to this country to help children
suffering from heart diseases.
Source: adapted from KumNeger. Amharic Magazine, Volume 5, Number 58, November 2006,
Addis Ababa
1. What do you think of Dr Bely’s voluntary work?

2. How can he be seen as a role model for others?
3. Do you know other volunteers? What do they do and why do they do it?


NTQF Level III

LO5: Discuss development Issues
 The concept and importance of development
 Development indicators /UNDP/
 Elaborate the concept and importance of development in the society.

 Enumerate the development indicators /UNDP/
1).
#2.
check 2).
check 3).

The concept and importance of development
The Concept of Development

The term development has several meanings, development can be defined as growth, or reducing
poverty and gain more advanced and better living conditions. Therefore, fightingpoverty
promotes development.
Economic development is the increase in the standard of living in nation’s population is
sustained growth from simple, low income to a modern, high income economy. Also if the local
quality of life could be improved economic development would be enhanced. Its scope includes
the process and policies by which a nation improves the economic, political and social wellbeing
of its people.
Benefits of Economic Development
Economic development refers to the enhancement in GDP and several other factors such as the
improvement in average earnings of the people in a nation. Whenever a country’s GDP
increases, it means that economic development has occurred, which is very beneficial to that
country and its people. Further below are benefits of economic development.
1. Increases employment rate
Economic development leads to high employment rate. When businesses and firms produce
more products, their internal need for people increases gradually and thus they are forced to hire
more people. This action increases employment rate significantly.
2. Enhances standards of living
Economic development is essential to a country as it provides an enhancement in the standards

of living of its citizens. It helps lower poverty rates as well for individuals with low incomes. In
fact, economic development is regarded as the main method of lowering poverty in developing
and underdeveloped countries.
3. Boosts business confidence

Another key economic development benefit is impacts positively on the assurance necessary for
running a business. With the gradual increase of profits from small businesses and firms due to
economic development, business confidence increases and the business people put more efforts
for even better profits.
4. Enhances Tax Revenue
As country’s economy rises up, more taxes are collected by the government. This offers the
government the extra money it requires for financing various project. The end product is usually
further development for the country.
5. Better Public Services
Since economic development causes a significant increase in the income possessed by the
government, high amounts of money can be spent of different public services such as health
services and education.
However,economic development usually comes about following the continuous extraction of

non- renewable resources. With this quick extraction rate, a country might not be capable of
sustaining the economic development for a long time.

page:
1. What do you understand by the term development? (2points)

2. Discuss how economic development has occurred. (3 points)
3. Explain in your own words the benefits of economic development.( 3points)


Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
1________________________________________________________________
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2.________________________________________________________________
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7. ________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________

Development indicators /UNDP/
There are several indicators of poverty;

i-a high infant mortality rate
ii- a low income level iii- a low literacy rate
The following are some of the millennium development goals that are targeted to be achieved by
2015.
 Reducing by 2/3 the mortality rate of children;
 Eradicating gender inequality in access to education; and Eradicate gender disparity
in primary and secondary education by 2015;
 Increasing the income of poor people and reducing people who suffer from poverty. Though
Ethiopia is one of the poorest countries in the world; this does not mean that the Ethiopia
is poor in all aspects. It is rich in natural resources such as rivers, wide areas of cultivable
land and has large amount of livestock wealth. It is also rich in human resources since
Ethiopia has large number of working people.
Ethiopia also has many tourist attractions. Harar, Tiya, Gonder,and Axum are examples of
popular historic sites. There are natural tourist attractions including the Bale and Semien
mountains that have beautiful scenery as well as endemic animals and birds. The people
Ethiopia, with their different cultures, clothing, music, dances, houses and crafts
products, appeal to tourist.
Rivers of Ethiopia
Several rivers originated from the Ethiopian highlands and lowlands then on the other countries.
They include the Abay (Blue Nile),Awash, Genale and Wabishbele. Ethiopian rivers have very
potential for hydroelectric power and irrigation for agriculture. The Abay contribute more than
85% of the nile water that reaches Egypt. Sudan produces about 80% its electric power on the
Naile River through its big dams called Roaserse and Sannar. These Dams also serve for
irrigation to produce wheat and high quality cotton.
The Millennium Development Goals is a global campaign that aims to improve the living
conditions of people in poor countries. To achieve its goal it focuses on tackling the problems

of poverty. The following are some of the Millennium Development Goals that are targeted to
be achieved by 2015.
• Reducing by two-thirds the mortality rate of children under the age of five;
• Eradicating gender inequality in access to education; this means eliminating gender
disparity in primary and secondary education by 2015, and eradicating gender inequality in
education;
• Increasing the income of poor people and reducing people who suffer from poverty and
hunger; this includes reducing by 50 percent the proportion of people whose income is
below one US dollar per day;
• Ensuring that all children in all countries are able to complete primary education; this means
enabling all boys and girls in the world to get primary education.
Ethiopia’s most recent poverty analysis report indicates that the national absolute poverty head
count index is reduced from 38.7 percent in 2004/05 to 29.6 percent in 2010/11. For the same
period, rural poverty has declined to 30.4 percent from 39.3 percent and urban poverty declined
from 35.1 percent to 25.7 percent.
UNDP's approach in Ethiopia combines interventions that address economic growth as well as
poverty reduction. UNDP has supported the design of Ethiopia's multi-donor funded national
Agriculture Growth Programme (AGP), which targets small and medium scale farmers.
For instance, When Japan found traces of chemicals in Ethiopia’s coffee—its major export—the
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development responded by establishing a testing laboratory to
ensure the quality of the product. UNDP’s support to this, and also to the Ethiopia Commodity
Exchange, is helping enhance the country’s competitiveness in export markets.
2012 United Nations Development ProgrammeTurn high contrast mode on

page:
1. What are the indicators of poverty? Give examples base on your environment.
(3points)
2. Evaluate Millennium Development Goals that are targeted to be achieved by 2015.
(4points)
3. What do you understand by the effort of Ethiopia in reduction poverty? (4
points)
4. Give your suggestion how to use our natural resources including rivers in poverty
reduction.(4points)

Note: Satisfactory rating – 13.5 points Unsatisfactory - below 13.5
points

Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
1________________________________________________________________
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2________________________________________________________________
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3________________________________________________________________
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4________________________________________________________________
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Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Instruction:
Discuss the following questions based on the given case study and perform the following
tasks within ¼ hour. (3 points for each)
a. Do you think that Ethiopia really has a high potential in the agricultural
sector? Why?
b. Do you think that we are getting maximum benefitfrom our livestock
resources? Explain your answer.
c. Do you think Ethiopia has any other agricultural potential to promote its
development?
d. Why do you think Ethiopia remains poor if it has a high potential for
development?
Case study
Agricultural potential of Ethiopia: Ethiopia has a very high potential in the
agricultural sector. For example it has the greatest number of livestock in Africa, tenth in
the world. Ethiopia also exports the most livestock in Africa. According to a sample
census in 2001 and 2003, Ethiopia has:
 40 million cattle
 25.5 million sheep
 23.4 million goats
 2.3 million camels
In addition, Ethiopia has a suitable climate and type of soil for producing high quality tea,
coffee, fruit, vegetables, flowers, cotton, oilseeds and pulses.


Patriotism

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Name of Institution: Federal TVET Agency

Civics and Ethical Education

Unit of Competence:Develop Patriotic Personality

Module Title:Developing Patriotic Personality

LO 1:Discuss the basis of patriotism

Instruction Sheet Learning Guide #1

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

● Define the meaning and concept of patriotism

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

 In democratic society, patriotism is meant devotion to democratic values and principles

1. Define the term Patriotism in your own words.(4points)

Note: Satisfactory rating - 6 points Unsatisfactory - below 6 points

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions

The factors that contribute to the building of sense of

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

2. Equal Access to all kinds of Opportunities

Equal access implies:-

3. Prevalence of Rule of Law

Self-Check 2 Written Test

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

Note: Satisfactory rating – 9 points Unsatisfactory - below 9 points

Answer Sheet Score = ___________

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

Case study Practical Demonstration

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ¼ hour

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

“The price of democratic way of life is a growing appreciation of people’s differences,

Information Sheet #3 The history of Ethiopian flag

The history of Ethiopian flag

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

Self-Check 3 Written Test

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

Note: Satisfactory rating – 8 points Unsatisfactory - below 8 points

Answer Sheet Score = ___________

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

Short Answer Questions

Information Sheet #4 Respecting differences and prevalence of equality

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

Self-Check 4 Written Test

1. Describe the relation between tolerance and respect difference? (4 points)

Answer Sheet Score = ___________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Name of Institution: Federal TVET Agency

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

Unit of Competence: Develop Patriotic citizen

LO2: Explain the quality of patriotic citizens

Instruction Sheet Learning Guide #2

● Explain the responsibilities of patriotic citizen .

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

G. Respecting National Symbol

H. Exposing unjust act of the government

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

1. Discuss at least four important features of responsible patriotic citizen. (5points)

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

Answer Sheet Score = ___________

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Short Answer Questions

Learning Guide for Civics and Date: January 2015

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: _____________ Date:

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: _____________ Date:

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: _____________ Date:

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _