Carl Adrian Gundayao CIV229

PHYSCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SELF

WILLIAM JAMES SELF THEORY

- James distinguished between a person's "I Self" and their "Me Self," two facets of the
same person. People's perceptions of their own actions in the physical world are reflected
by the I Self (e.g., knowing when they are walking, eating, or writing), while the Me Self
is more inwardly focused and refers to introspective thoughts and feelings (e.g.
characterizing oneself as athletic, smart, cooperative). Functionalism, named after
James's conceptual approach to psychology, looked for links among states of mind and
outward manifestations of those states.

REAL AND IDEAL SELF OF CARL ROGERS AND KAREN HORNEY

- Rogers differentiated between an ideal self and an actual self. The real you is who and
what you actually are, whereas the idealistic you is who you want to be. An individual's
ideal self and their actual experiences in life are incompatible. The dissonance between
one's ideal self and one's lived existence is what we call incongruence. When our
perceptions of ourselves match up with our ideal selves, we have a self-concept that is
both robust and truthful. When people are highly congruent, they thrive emotionally and
physically and make positive contributions to society.

GLOBAL VERSUS DIFFERENTIAL MODEL

- Global refers to the overall importance that a person places on himself and their own
worth. Differential refers to an individual's capacity to distinguish their own emotions
and ideas from those expressed by other people.

DONNALD W. WINNICOTT'S TRUE SELF AND FALSE SELF

- The concept of the "real self" refers to a perception of one's identity that is formed by
genuine experience, as well as the sensation of being wholly present and alive. The false
self is a conservative front that a person puts up in order to prevent themselves from
feeling empty. The behaviors that make up the false self are learned and controlled, rather
than being authentic and spontaneous.

ALBERT BANDURAS AGENTIC THEORY OF SELF

- The processes via which individuals are influenced to act morally are laid out in detail by
an agentic theory. The moral activity that is the result of moral reasoning is said to be
enacted by self-regulatory processes based on internalized moral norms and self-
punishments, as outlined by social cognitive theory. One definition of the term "agentic"
is "the capacity of an individual to direct his himself or her own objectives, activities, and
destiny."