“AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS

OF STRETCHING EXERCISE ON JOINT PAIN

AMONG OBESE WOMEN RESIDING IN

SELECTED AREA AT HISAR,

HARYANA”.

By

PRIYANKA

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

MAHARAJA AGRASEN COLLEGE OF NURSING, AGROHA

HISAR, HARYANA

2023

i
“AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS

OF STRETCHING EXERCISE ON JOINT PAIN

AMONG OBESE WOMEN RESIDING IN

SELECTED AREA AT HISAR,

HARYANA”.

By

PRIYANKA

Dissertation Submitted to the

Pt. B D Sharma University of Health Sciences Rohtak (Haryana)

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

Under the guidance of

GUIDE

MRS. ANUPRABHA
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
MAMC, AGROHA, HISAR. MAMC, AGROHA, HISAR
2023

ii
 CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE

This is to certify that that the dissertation/thesis entitled, “An experimental study to
assess the effectiveness of stretching exercise on joint pain among obese women residing
in selected area at Hisar, Haryana” is a bonafied and genuine research work carried out
by me in the guidance of Mrs. Anuprabha, Associate Professor, Dept. Of Community
Health Nursing, MAMC, Agroha, Hisar in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
degree of Master of Science in Community health Nursing.

SEAL AND SIGNATURE OF GUIDE

MRS. ANUPRABHA

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

DEPT. OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

MAMC, AGROHA, HISAR.

Date:

Place: Agroha

iii
 PT. B.D. SHARMA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,

ROHTAK

HARYANA

DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I, PRIYANKA, hereby declare that this dissertation/thesis, “An experimental

study to assess the effectiveness of stretching exercise on joint pain among obese women

residing in selected area at Hisar, Haryana” is a bonafied and genuine research work

carried out by me the guidance of Mrs. Anuprabha, Associate Professor, Dept. Of

Community Health Nursing, MAMC, Agroha, Hisar.

Date: Signature of the Candidate

Place: Agroha Priyanka

M.Sc. Nursing

(Community Health Nursing)

iv
 ENDORSEMENT BY THE PRINCIPAL/ HEAD OF THE

INSTITUTION

This is to certify that the dissertation/ thesis entitled “An experimental study to
assess the effectiveness of stretching exercise on joint pain among obese women residing
in selected area at Hisar, Haryana” is a bonafied and genuine research work done by
Priyanka, in partial fulfillment of requirement for the degree of Master of Science in
Community health nursing, under the guidance of Mrs. Anuprabha, Associate Professor,
Dept. Of Community Health Nursing, MAMC, Agroha, Hisar.

Seal and signature of guide

Mrs. Anuprabha

Associate professor

Dept. of Community Health Nursing

MAMC, Agroha, Hisar.

Forwarded to Principal of Maharaja Agrasen College of Nursing, Agroha, Hisar

Seal and Signature of the Principal

Professor Promila Pandey

Principal

Maharaja Agrasen College of Nursing

Agroha, Hisar

v
 COPY RIGHT

DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE

I, Priyanka hereby declare that Pt. BD Sharma University of Health Sciences,

Rohtak shall have the rights to preserve, use and disseminate this dissertation / thesis in

print or electronic format for academic research purpose.

Place: Agroha Signature of the candidate

Date: Priyanka

M.Sc. Nursing

MAMC, Agroha, Hisar.

vi
 DEDICATED TO MY

EVERLOVING PARENTS, HUSBAND, DAUGHTER, TEACHERS &

BELOVED FRIENDS

vii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The work presented in this thesis would not have been possible without my close
association with many people, I take this opportunity to extent my sincere gratitude and
appreciation to all those who made this successful completion of this dissertation.

“God our creator, guard us from causing any more suffering to others even if we have to
suffer for others”. I am grateful to the almighty God for his grace and blessing
throughout gratitude that can never be expressed in words, but this only being a deep
perception, which makes the words to flow from one’s inner heart. I wish to express my
sincere appreciation and deep sense of gratitude to all those who helped me in
accomplishing this task successfully.

Secondly, I would express my heartiest gratitude to Professor Promila Pandey, Principal

Maharaja Agrasen College of Nursing, for the guidance constant encouragement and
support given to me during the study.

Quality is never an accident; it is always the result of intelligent efforts. The study has
been undertaken and completed under the inspiring guidance of Mrs. Anuprabha,
Associate Professor, Dept. Of Community Health Nursing, MAMC, Agroha, Hisar. I
express my sincere gratitude for his valuable guidance and for making this effort a
fruitful learning experience.

I express my special thanks to All the Experts for validating the contents of the tool and
teaching plan and their valuable suggestions. I convey my special acknowledge with
heartiest gratitude to medical officer who give me the permission of data collection and
to the participants for their valuable time and cooperation in their esteemed Hospital,
during my study.

My special mention must be made to thank all College Staff of MAMC, Agroha, Hisar.
Who helped me in every possible way to finish this dissertation. I am thankful to all my
classmates and Friends for their kind cooperation and valuable guidance constant
support for the improvement of this study.

My sincere gratitude to all Participants who willingly participated, cooperated in the

study without whom I would not have been competed this study.

viii
I gratefully acknowledge Pt. BD Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, for
providing the opportunity to conduct this research study.

(PRIYANKA)

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 LIST OF ABBRIVATIONS

Sr. ABBRIVATION EXPENSIONS

No S
.

1. BMI Body Mass Index

2. OA Osteoarthritis

3. WOMAC Western Ontario McMaster

Universities Arthritis Index

4. KOFBEQ Knee Osteoarthritis Fears and Beliefs

Questionnaire total score

5. KOA Knee Osteoarthritis

6. VAS Visual Analogue Pain Scale

7. TEE Total Energy Expenditure

8. 6-MWT Six-Minute Walk Test

9. ROM Range Of Motion

10. RCTs Randomized clinical trials

11. SD Standard deviation

12. N Number of sample

13. % Percentage

ABSTRACT
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Background of the study

Joint pain is the sensation of discomfort, inflammation, soreness, stiffness in a

joint or joints. Joint pain is a symptom of a wide variety of mild to serious disease. Joint
pain can result from infection, trauma, malignancy, autoimmune disease and other
abnormal processes.

According to Indian Rheumatology Association statistics 2021, 49.8% of the total

population is over the age of 60 years suffering from severe joint pain, among these 15%
of the population have some degree of limitation of movement and 6% cannot perform
daily activities. Stretching exercise if people are doing properly, it increases flexibility.
According to M. Alter, benefits of stretching mainly includes enhanced physical fitness
to improve skilled movement, reduced risk of injury to joints, muscle fitness, reduced
risk of injury to joints, muscles and tendons. Common mistakes made when stretching
are inadequate rest between workouts, overstretching and performing the wrong
exercise. Educating the researcher regarding various aspects of health care management
helps them improving recovery and they can prevent the complications.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the pre-test and post-test level of joint pain among obese women.

2. To assess the effectiveness of stretching exercise to reduce joint pain among obese
women.

3. To find out the association between post-test level of joint pain among obese women
with selected demographic variables.

Methods and Material

A true experimental evaluative study was conducted using pre test-post test
control group research design. The conceptual frame work adopted for the study is based
on J. W. Kenny’s Open System Model (1968). The study population consisted of 60
obese women of sector-15, Hisar. Simple random sampling by using lottery method was
adopted. The tool developed and used for data collection was demographic variable,

xi
stretching exercise and Lysholm Knee Score. Descriptive and inferential statics was used
to analyze the data.

Results

The major findings revealed that the level of joint pain the mean score on level of
joint pain among obese women in the experimental group was 37.47 with SD 13.55 in
pre-test and 66.47 with SD 12.61 in post-test. The paired 't' value was 1.781 which is less
than the table value of ‘t’ (2.048) significant at p < 0.05. It shows that stretching exercise
were effective in reducing joint pain among obese women with joint pain. Hence the
Hypothesis H1 was accepted. H1: There will be significant difference between pre-test
and post-test level of joint pain after doing stretching exercise.

There is significant association between in the selected demographic variable and

their post-test level of joint pain among obese. The variables such as educational status,
religion, food habits, child bearing age, menopause attained, family planning method and
body mass index shows no association with posttest level of joint pain. There was a
significant association of selected demographic variables such as age, Marital status with
posttest level of joint pain. Hence the Hypothesis H2 was accepted. H2: There will be
significant association between post-test level of joint pain with selected demographic
variables.

Conclusion

The study findings revealed that Stretching exercise was effective in reducing
joint pain among obese women.

Keywords: Stretching exercise, joint pain, obese women

xii
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter Title Page

No.
No.

I INTRODUCTION 1-10

Background of the study

Need of the study

Statement of the problem

Objective of the study

Assumptions

Operational Definition

Conceptual Framework

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 11-23

III RESEARCH METHODOOGY 24-32

 Research Design

 Research Approach

 Research criteria

 Sampling Techniques

 Data Collection and Development of Tools

 Blue Print Preparation

xiii
  Reliability

 Ethical Consideration

 Pilot Study

 Data Collection Procedure

 Plan For Data Analysis

 Summary

IV ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 33-55

Section-A: Distribution of demographic variables of

obese women in experimental and control group.

Section-B: Assessment of joint pain in the both

experimental and control group among the selected
obese women.

Section-C: Comparison of the effectiveness of

stretching exercise on level of joint pain among obese
women in experimental group

Section-D: Comparison of the post test score of joint

pain among obese women between experimental group
and control group.

Section-E: Association of the post test scores of joint

pain among the experimental group with their selected

demographic variables.

V DISCUSSION 56-58

Section-A: Distribution of demographic variables of

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 obese women in experimental and control group.

Section-B: Assessment of joint pain in the both

experimental and control group among the selected
obese women.

Section-C: Comparison of the effectiveness of

stretching exercise on level of joint pain among obese
women in experimental group

Section-D: Comparison of the post test score of joint

pain among obese women between experimental group
and control group.

Section-E: Association of the post test scores of joint

pain among the experimental group with their selected
demographic variables.

VI CONCLUSION AND 59-62

RECOMMENDATIONS

 Conclusion

 Nursing Implication

 Recommendations

VII SUMMARY 63-64

VIII REFERANCES 65-68

xv
 LIST OF TABLES

Sr. Title of Tables Page.

No No

1. Table-1 Representation of research design 25

2. Table:2 Frequency and Percentage distribution of samples 34-

according to their selected demographic variables 35

3. Table 3.1: Assessment of frequency and percentage distribution 46

of level of Joint Pain in Both Experimental and Control Group

4. Table 3.2: Assessment of level of Joint Pain based on Mean, 48

SD & SE in Experimental and Control Group

5. Table 4: Comparison of the mean, SD and SE to assess the 50

effectiveness of stretching exercise intervention on level of
joint pain among obese women in experimental group

6. Table 5: Comparison of the post-test score of the joint pain 52

among obese women in experimental and control group

7. Table-6: Association of the post-test scores of joint pain among 54-

the experimental group with their selected demographic 55
variables

xvi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Sr. FIGURES Page.

No No

1. Fig-1 Conceptual Framework 10

2. Fig-2 Schematic presentation of research methodology 26

3. Fig-3.1 Bar diagram representing Age group of obese women 37

with joint pain in experimental and control group

4. Fig-3.2 Bar diagram representing educational status of obese 38

women in experimental and control group

5. Fig-3.3 Bar diagram representing religion of obese women in 39

experimental and control group

6. Fig-3.4 Bar diagram representing food habits of obese women 40

in experimental and control group

7. Fig-3.5 Bar diagram representing marital status of obese 41

women in experimental and control group

8. Fig-3.6 Bar diagram representing family planning method of 42

obese women in experimental and control group

9. Fig-3.7 Bar diagram representing menopause status of obese 43

women in experimental and control group

10. Fig-3.8 Bar diagram representing child bearing age of obese 44

women in experimental and control group

xvii
11. Fig-3.9 Bar diagram representing body mass index of obese 45
women in experimental and control group

12. Fig-4.1 Bar diagram representing percentage of the level of 47

pain in pre-test and post-test among obese women in
experimental and control group

13. Fig-4.2 Bar diagram representing of mean, SD and SE of pre- 49

test and post-test level of pain in experimental group and
control group

14. Fig-5 Bar diagram-representing comparison of mean and SD of 51

pre-test and post-test level of pain in experimental group

15. Fig-6 Bar diagram representing the comparison of post-test 53

mean and SD in experimental and control group

xviii
 LIST OF ANNEXURES

S. TITLE PAGE
NO. NO.

1. Letter seeking and granting permission to conduct the 69

study

2. Letter seeking and granting permission to conduct the 70

study

3. Letter seeking the expert’s opinion of tool 71

4. Certificate for tool Validation 72

5. List of experts for content validity 73

6. Consent Form (English) 74

7. Consent Form (Hindi) 75

8. Data collection tool 76-80

9. Stretching Exercise 81-86

10. Master Sheets of Data Collection 87-109

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BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

20