DESERTATION

PRESENTATION
PRESENTED BY
DEEPAK
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIRST-AID TRAINING
PROGRAMME ON FIRST-AID MANAGEMENT OF SELECTED MINOR
INJURIES AMONG MOTHER’S OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN
SELECTED AREA OF BHIWANI.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To assess the pre and post test level of knowledge regarding on first-aid management of
selected minor injuries among mother’s of pre-school children in experimental and control
group.

2. To assess the effectiveness of first-aid training programme on first-aid management of

selected minor injuries among mother’s of pre-school children in experimental group.

3. To correlate the post test level of knowledge on first-aid management of selected minor
injuries among mother’s of pre-school children in experimental and control group.

4. To associate the pre test and post test level of knowledge on first-aid management of
selected minor injuries among mother’s of pre-school children in experimental group.
 INTRODUCTION
“Bravery Is Not The Absence Of Fear But Action In The Face Of Fear.”

‘Mark Messier’

Life of each and every individual is a gift from God. Living a healthy life is foremost important part of our life.
This precious life can be affected by both external and internal factors. Child is a unique individual, he or she is not a
miniature adult not a little man or woman. The childhood period is vital because of socialization process by
transmission of attitude, customs and behavior through the influence of family and community.

Pre-school is where a strong foundation of child’s education is set. This is where a child’s mind and body is
nurtured for the future. Pre-school children are also highly active physically and hence, more prone to injuries. Pre-
school age children are very active at home, community and the school. This increased activity and time away from
parents, increases the risk for unintentional injuries. They are at high risk of accidents that decreases their ability to
attend school regularly.
 NEED FOR STUDY
Children are most important citizen of the country because they will be tomorrow’s youth and provide the human potentials
required for the country’s development. The national policy for children initiated on has placed high priority on early
childhood care.

First Aid essentially uses simple techniques involving a basic knowledge, good practice of the principles of life
preservation. It does not require sophisticated equipment or a great knowledge of medical matters. It is often as important to
know what not to do as it is to know what should be done. First Aid equipment and materials must be simple, and capable of
being used by anyone without risk of exacerbating any injuries or causing the condition of an injured person to deteriorate.

The knowledge regarding first aid emergency care in addition to the physical and mentally training to school teachers help
them to play a major role in emergency management in adverse condition where the medical professionals find difficulty
primary school teachers first aid training to reach the school teachers.

Hence, the investigator felt that there is a need of preparing a training programme regarding the selected first aid measures
which will help them to have gain adequate knowledge, self confidence and motivation regarding selected first aid
measures.
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:

H1: The first-aid training programme was effective in increasing knowledge

regarding first-aid management of selected minor injuries among mother’s of pre-
school children.

H2: There will be significant association between level of knowledge regarding

first-aid management of mother’s of pre-school children with their selected
demographic variables.
ASSUMPTION
 Mother’s of pre-school children may have some knowledge regarding first aid
management of minor injuries

 First-aid training programme may increase their knowledge regarding first aid
management of minor injuries
 Feedback

Perception Transaction
Investigator -Learning need of first- Action Interaction Patients will gain
aid management of -Preparation of -Administration of structured knowledge first-aid
selected minor injuries. structured knowledge questionnaire. management of selected
questionnaire -Demonstration and minor injuries.
-Preparation of Distributing of pamphlet on - Patients had no gain
Health teaching first-aid management of knowledge regarding first-
Mutual goal setting to selected minor injuries - aid management of
-Validity
improve first-aid Administration of same selected minor injuries.
-Plan for
management of selected structured questionnaire
administration of
minor injuries. schedule on the 7th day.
Health teaching

Perception
Mother’s of pre- -Lack of knowledge
school children Interaction
regarding first-aid Action -Respond to structured
management of -Consent questionnaire schedule by
selected minor -Corporation of answering the question.
injuries among mother’s -Participating Health teaching
mother’s of pre-school -Acceptatance of on first-aid management of
children suggestion selected minor injuries.
-Respond to structured
questionnaire on 7th day.

Feedback
Fig-1 Conceptual framework on effectiveness of first-aid training programme on first-aid management of selected minor injuries among mother’s of pre-
school children
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Section A: Literature related to knowledge, attitude and practice regarding

first aid

Section B: Literature related to first aid management of minor injuries

Section C: Literature related effectiveness of various teaching programme

on first-aid
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• EVALUATIVE RESEARCH APPROACH IS USED IN THIS STUDY.
• TRUE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN WAS USED.
• STUDY SETTING- VILLAGE- DHANANA AND NANGAL, BHIWANI
• TARGET POPULATION- MOTHER’S OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN LIVING IN VILLAGE-
DHANANA AND NANGAL, BHIWANI

• SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

• SAMPLE SIZE: : 60 MOTHER’S OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN (30=EXPERIMENTAL AND 30=
CONTROL GROUP)

• TOOL IS FORMULATED STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE

• INTERVENTION- FIRST-AID TRAINING PROGRAMME
• ANALYSIS WAS USE AS INFERENTIAL STATISTICS.
• FINDINGS, SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
• COMMUNICATION AND FINDINGS
PILOT STUDY
The pilot study was conducted from 12.04.2022 to 19.04.2022 at in village Dhanana and
Nangal, Bhiwani. The number of samples selected for the pilot study was 6, after which a pretest
was conducted with structured knowledge questionnaire along with the assessment of demographic
variables, soon after the pretest intervention was administered as programmed teaching method
which composed of lecture and demonstration. The post test was conducted after 7 days of
intervention by administering same structured knowledge questionnaire. The result shows that it
was feasible and predictable to conduct.
METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

Data obtained will be analyzed in view of objectives of the study using descriptive and
inferential statistics. The plan of data analysis was as follows.

 The collected data would be arranged and tabulated to represent the finding of the study. Both
descriptive and inferential statistics would be used.

 Percentage, mean, standard deviation were used to analyze the demographic data.

 Paired t‟ test was used to compare the pretest and the post test scores of knowledge.

 Chi-square was used to know the association between demographic variables with posttest
level of knowledge scores.
ORGANIZATION OF FINDINGS
Section-I Distribution of demographic variables of mother’s of pre-school children in experimental
and control group.

Section-II Assess the level of knowledge regarding first-aid management of selected minor injuries
among mother’s of pre-school children in experimental and control group.

Section-III Evaluate the effectiveness of first-aid training programme regarding first-aid management
of selected minor injuries among mother’s of pre-school children in experimental group.

Section-IV Compare the post test level of knowledge regarding first-aid management of selected
minor injuries among mother’s of pre-school children in experimental and control group.

Section-V Find out the association between the level of knowledge regarding first-aid management of
selected minor injuries among mother’s of pre-school children with their demographic variables.
SECTION-I DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE PROFILE
Demographic variables EXPERIMENTAL GROUP CONTROL GROUP (N=30)
(N=30)
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage

Age        
21-25 yrs 2 6.67% 7 23.33%
26-30 yrs 14 46.67% 16 53.34%
31-35 yrs 11 36.66% 7 23.33%
36-40 yrs 3 10% 0 0%
Education        
Metric 9 30% 8 26.67%
Senior secondary 6 20% 8 26.67%
Graduation 11 36.67% 6 20%
Post graduation 4 13.34% 8 26.67%
Occupation        
Home maker 29 96.67% 28 93.33%
Government job 1 3.33% 1 3.33%
Private job 0 0% 1 3.33%
Self-employed 0 0% 0 0%
Type of family        
Nuclear family 13 43.33% 17 56.67%
Joint family 17 56.67% 13 43.33%
No. of children        
One child 18 60% 18 60%
Two children 10 30% 12 40%
Three children 2 6.67% 0 0%
Family monthly income        
< 15,000 6 20% 13 43.33%
15,001-25,000 13 43.33% 5 16.67%
25,001-35,000 4 13.34% 4 13.34%
> 35,000 7 23.33% 8 26.67%
Previous Information regarding First-        
aid management
Books 13 43.33% 4 13.34%
Mass media 3 10% 7 23.33%
Friend and relative 2 6.67% 9 30%
Health personnel 12 40% 10 33.33%
 SECTION-II
ASSESS THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING FIRST-AID MANAGEMENT OF SELECTED MINOR
INJURIES IN EXPERIMENTALAND CONTROL GROUP

Pre test Level of Knowledge

97%
100% 90%
90%
80%
70%
60% Experimental group
Control group
50%
40%
30%
20% 7%
3% 3% 0%
10%
0%
Inadequate Moderate Adequate

During pre test in experimental group majority 90% (27) of mother’s were having inadequate knowledge, 3%
(1) were having moderate knowledge and 7% (2) had adequate knowledge regarding first-aid management.

During pre test in control group majority 97% (29) of mother’s were having inadequate knowledge, 3% (1)
were having moderate knowledge and none of them had adequate knowledge regarding first-aid management
Distribution of subjects overall post test knowledge regarding first-aid management of selected minor injuries among mother’s of
preschool children in experimental and control group

Post test Level of Knowledge

97%
100%
90% 80%
80%
70%
Experimental group
60%
Control group
50%
40%
30%
13%
20% 7%
3% 0%
10%
0%
Inadequate Moderate Adequate

During post test in experimental group majority 80% (24) of mother’s were having adequate knowledge, 13%
(4) were having moderate knowledge and 7% (2) had inadequate knowledge regarding first-aid management.

During post test in control group majority 97% (29) of mother’s were having inadequate knowledge, 3% (1)
were having moderate knowledge and none of them had adequate knowledge regarding first-aid management.
 SECTION - III
Over all comparison of mean score between pre test and post test level of knowledge regarding first-aid management of
selected minor injuries among mother’s of preschool children in experimental group

S.NO. Components Observation Mean SD Mean “t” value Significant

difference
1 Level of Post test 22.43 7.48 13.57 12 Significant
knowledge pre test 8.86 5.46

H1: The first-aid training programme was effective in increasing knowledge regarding first-aid management of
selected minor injuries among mother’s of pre-school children.

The data in table 4 illustrate that in experimental group the mean post test knowledge score 22.43 is higher
than pre test score 8.86. The computed ‘t’ value 12 (p<0.05) showed that there is highly significant difference
between the pre test and post test mean knowledge score at df 29.

Hence the hypothesis H1 was accepted. Which shows first-aid training programme was effective in increasing
knowledge regarding first-aid management of minor injuries.
 SECTION - IV
COMPARE THE POST TEST LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING FIRST-AID MANAGEMENT OF MINOR INJURIES
AMONG MOTHER’S OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN EXPERIMENTALAND CONTROL GROUP

S.NO. Components Observation Mean SD Mean “t” value Significant

difference
1 Knowledge Experimental 22.43 5.09 14.4 15 Significant
score Control 8.03 2.01

In experimental group the mean post test knowledge score 22.43 is higher than the mean post test
score 8.03 of control group. The computed ‘t’ value 15 (p<0.05) showed that there is highly
significant difference between the post test mean knowledge score in experimental and control group.
 SECTION – V
FIND OUT THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING FIRST-AID MANAGEMENT OF
MINOR INJURIES AMONG MOTHER’S OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN WITH THEIR DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

H2: There will be significant association between post test level of knowledge regarding first-aid management of mother’s
of pre-school children with their selected demographic variables.

The table 6.1 showed association of post test level of knowledge score with selected demographical variables. The
variables such as mother’s age, education, number of children, and family income does not show any significant
association. And other variables mother’s occupation, type of family and source of previous information shows
significant association. Hence the hypothesis H2 is accepted.

The table 6.2 showed association of post test level of knowledge score with selected demographical
variables. The variables such as mother’s age, education, number of children, and family income,
occupation, type of family and source of previous information does not show any significant
association with knowledge level in control group.
 DISCUSSION
The findings of the study have been discussed with reference to the results obtained by the investigator.
During pre test in experimental group majority 90% (27) of mother’s were having inadequate knowledge, 3% (1) were having
moderate knowledge and 7% (2) had adequate knowledge regarding first-aid management. In control group majority 97% (29)
of mother’s were having inadequate knowledge, 3% (1) were having moderate knowledge and none of them had adequate
knowledge regarding first-aid management.

During post test in experimental group majority 80% (24) of mother’s were having adequate knowledge, 13% (4) were
having moderate knowledge and 7% (2) had inadequate knowledge regarding first-aid management. In control group majority
97% (29) of mother’s were having inadequate knowledge, 3% (1) were having moderate knowledge and none of them had
adequate knowledge regarding first-aid management.

In experimental group the mean post test knowledge score 22.43 is higher than pre test score 8.86. The computed ‘t’ value
12 (p<0.05) showed that there is highly significant difference between the pre test and post test mean knowledge score at df
29. Hence the hypothesis H1 was accepted. Which shows first-aid training programme was effective in increasing knowledge
regarding first-aid management of minor injuries.
 CONCLUSION

 In experimental group the mean post test knowledge score 22.43 is higher than pre
test score 8.86. The computed ‘t’ value 12 (p<0.05) showed that there is highly
significant difference between the pre test and post test mean knowledge score at
df 29. Hence the hypothesis H1 was accepted. Which shows first-aid training
programme was effective in increasing knowledge regarding first-aid management
of minor injuries.
 SUMMARY
The study design consisted of an evaluative approach with one group pre test and post test control group design. The study
population consisted of 60 mother’s of pre-school children of village Dhanana and Nangal at Bhiwani, probability simple
random sampling technique was adopted. The tool developed and used for data collection was structured knowledge
questionnaire, first-aid training programme.

In experimental group the mean post test knowledge score 22.43 is higher than pre test score 8.86. The computed ‘t’ value
12 (p<0.05) showed that there is highly significant difference between the pre test and post test mean knowledge score at df 29.
Hence the hypothesis H1 was accepted. Which shows first-aid training programme was effective in increasing knowledge
regarding first-aid management of minor injuries.

In experimental group the mean post test knowledge score 22.43 is higher than the mean post test score 8.03 of control
group. The computed ‘t’ value 15 (p<0.05) showed that there is highly significant difference between the post test mean
knowledge score in experimental and control group.

In post test level of knowledge score with selected demographical variables. The variables such as mother’s age,
education, number of children, and family income does not show any significant association. And other variables mother’s
occupation, type of family and source of previous information shows significant association. Hence the hypothesis H 2 is
accepted.

It was concluded that first-aid training programme was effective in improving mother’s knowledge regarding management of
minor injuries.
RECOMMENDATION
The study recommends the following for further research

 The study can be done on large samples for better generalizations.

 An experimental study of first aid management can be conducted among primary school
teacher.

 Counseling programme based on first aid measures can developed

 A comparative study can be done on rural and urban schools.

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