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PERFORMANCE
A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of
Madridejos Community College
Bunakan, Madridejos, Cebu
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in
Information Technology
by
Page
Title Page i
Chapter
INTRODUCTION 1
THE PROBLEM 6
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 8
Research Subject 10
Research Procedures 13
Data Gathering 13
DEFINITION OF TERMS 14
REFERENCES 15-21
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE
1
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
As Social Media was very popular among the youth, they contribute the majority
percentage of the users of the media. So the researcher wanted to study the effects of social
media specifically on their education. Social media was seen to have both positive and negative
impact on students and teenagers. According to the finding during the literature review, most of
the students engaged in social media just to communicate with friends and it was distracting
them from their studies. The present study will helps in identifying whether social media is
Social media is the most recent form of media and having many features and
characteristics. It have many facilities on same channel like as communicating ,texting, images
sharing , audio and video sharing , fast publishing, linking with all over world, direct
connecting. Social media refers to the means of interaction among people in which they create,
share, exchange and comment among themselves in different networks. It is also cheapest fast
access to the world so it is very important for all age of peoples. Its use is increasing day by day
with high rate in all over the world. Social media is becoming a hobby of youth to kill the time.
It can be access anywhere, at any time, where an Internet connection is available. This shapes
the dynamics of social interaction online. Social media is a term that is used quite often these
days. It is a new in-thing and one would imagine that everyone knows or understands what
social media is. It is a fact that ninety percent of all online users use social media in some way
or the other. It is also a fact that most of these people will not be able to name more than a
2
handful of social media platforms besides the ones that they are using. Social media today
consists of thousands of social media platforms all serving the same but slightly different
purpose. Some social media platforms are more popular than others, but even the smaller ones
get used by a portion of the population because each one caters to a very different type of
person. With the explosion of social media platforms, people connected in seconds, the world
becomes a village and friendship grow at global level, and information comes to our pockets at
no cost.
Majority of youth is shifting speedily from electronic media like as television viewers and
radio listeners to the social media among all age of group. Youth rate is very much shifting into
social media so its influences are much on youth. This craze of social media has led to a host of
question regarding its impact on society, while it is agreed that the social media affects people’s
living styles and it is an ongoing process to identify the nature of these influence in every
society and country especially on youth. This study also focused the influences of social media
on youth and their life style, educational and political awareness, physical activities, social life,
The purpose of the study is to examine the role of social media in students’ academic
endeavors and ultimately their academic performance through their reported perceptions and
reflections. It also seeks to examine factors that might influence the nature of this relationship,
and its tentative impact on the academic performance of Kodia Integrated School Junior High
students. The results of this study are expected to be of benefit to teachers at KIS and beyond. It
is expected that the results will provide a deeper understanding of the phenomenon at hand. It
will also help the school and faculty members recognize the extent to which school students’
use social
media and in what ways it might impact their academic engagement and performance, and
accordingly make more informed decisions with regard to the usage of social media for
academic purposes.
Theoretical Background
According to the literature review sections, the research is anchored on two theories: The
As was previously mentioned, social media offers today’s youth a portal for
entertainment and communication and it is becoming one of the main platforms for accessing
information and news. This study aims to explore the JH students’ perception of using social
media on their academic performance and relate it to their actual academic performance, the
results will reveal whether they have control over their social media consumption or not. Uses
and gratification approach identifies the needs and motives behind online media usage.
According to Olise & Makka, (2013) the theory was developed by Elihu Katz in the early
1970’s Uses and gratification theory suggests that social media users have power over their
media consumption and assume an active role in interpreting and integrating media into their
own lives and that they are responsible for choosing media to meet their desires and needs to
achieve gratification (Olise & Makka, 2013). Uses and gratification of the social media
approach focuses on why and how people use social media to satisfy their needs (Larose,
Mastro, & Eastin, 2001). This study aims to explore to what extent do JH students using social
media in academic related purposes and whether it affects them positively or negatively.
4
Connectivism learning approach emphasizes the role of social media context in how
learning occurs and explains how Internet technologies have created new opportunities for
people to learn and share information across the World Wide Web and among themselves
(Siemens, 2005). The theory was developed by Stephen Downes and George Siemens (Transue,
2013). Connectivism theory suggests that students are encouraged to seek out information on
their own online and express what they find and that learning may reside in non-human
connected with knowledge and information ought to improve the learning process not vice versa
(Evans, 2014).
The advanced and improved usage of social media platforms such as Facebook has
become a worldwide phenomenon for quite some time. Though it all started has been a hobby
for several computer literates individual has changed to become a social norm and existence-
style for students around the world (Nicole, 2007). According to Nicole, (2007), students and
teenagers have especially recognized these social media platforms to be able to contact their
peers, share information, reinvent their personas and showcase their social live. Facebook users
often experience poor academic performance. Also Karpinski (2009) stated that social media
has a negative association with students’ academic performance which is much greater than the
advantages derived through the use of social media platforms. People around the globe have
been addicted to the internet which has given rise to more students using social media more
often than before. Nalwa & Anand (2003) advised and recommended that those who are
5
addicted users love to use the internet to set back their personal and professional responsibilities
It was highlighted in the finding of Karpinski (2009) that social media platforms
(Facebook, watzapp etc) users usually devote lesser time to their studies has to compared to
nonusers did and subsequently has lower GPAs. It was also mentioned by Karpinski, &
Duberstein (2009), that among the major distraction of current generation that social media
platform (such Facebook, Watzapp etc.) remains a major distractions. According to Kubey,
Lavin, and Barrows (2001), there is a correlation between academic performance and the
dependency on social media platforms. Researchers have conducted different studies to find out
the influence of social platforms users, for instance a study on ‘’impact of Facebook on
undergraduates academic performance’’, stated that social platforms have negative impact on
students.
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THE PROBLEM
Social media has been seen as one of the most common used medium of communication
among all ages of groups. Specifically, social media was seen mostly among the students for its
easy accessibility and functions to keep in touch with the people around. Since its existence the
numbers of users have been increasing day by day and especially among the students, they are
facing a lot of neglect and challenges on their academic performance and have certainly brought
It was observed that student give more attention to social media than they do to their
studies. Instead of students reading their books, they spend their time chatting and making
friends via the social media and this might definitely have influence on their academic
performance, because when you do not read, there was no way you can perform well
academically.
It was therefore of great importance to explore some of the trending issues facing
students’ academic performance as a result of social media. Thus, this study was to investigate
In order to find out the relationship between the extended usage of social media
among junior high students and their academic performance, this study will answer the
following questions:
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2. How do students perceive the impact of social media on their academic engagement
and performance?
Addiction to social media is a major distraction for the students during their
studies
The study was significant to the teachers, students and for the researchers and also
significant for the policy makers of education. As we all know, policy makers play a significant
role in the education system as every component in the system gets implemented on the basis of
their decision, this study can help the policy makers to spread awareness and information by
taking up educational course for social media on its advantages and disadvantages which can
change the students perspectives and wrong notion on what social media is all about and in
8
addition it can also be a guidelines on the usages of social media. In this way social media can
be used wisely by the teachers and students and they can improve themselves in gathering
knowledge. The study will also help the teachers of the school to know the influence that social
media have on the students and the various implications it has among the students. It will also
assist the teachers to enlighten and create awareness among the students on the usages of social
media for educational purpose. This will help the students in realizing the various opportunities
provided by social media in getting useful information which will be beneficial for the studies.
The study will also help researchers with more information on the influence and effects of social
This study will also be relevant in assisting students in understanding the diversity of
social media. It will provide relevance materials for students and other researchers undertaking
similar research.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The research employed a mixed methods “Explanatory Sequential Design” to collect both
quantitative and qualitative data. According to Creswell (2012), “a mixed methods research
design is a procedure for collecting, analyzing, and mixing both quantitative and qualitative
according to Creswell (2012), “The rationale for this approach is that the quantitative data and
results provide a general picture of the research problem; more analysis, specifically through
qualitative data collection, is needed to refine, extend, or explain the general picture.” Following
the explanatory sequential design quantitative and qualitative data were collected sequentially,
using an adopted survey, as well as three focus groups for 42 students which is only the Grade
10 students from the research sample. Both data sets were analyzed separately and the
For the quantitative component of this study, and in order to get a representative sample
covering different characteristics such as: gender and academic status the purposeful sampling
technique was applied. Since we are all staying at home, the researcher distributed the survey
through Gmail after getting the consent from the Head Office. It was expected that students
enrolled in these classes would be representative of the population. To gather the qualitative
data for this study, the researcher sent an email to 42 students from the students who completed
the survey asking them to attend the focus group. Participation in this study was voluntary for
Research Environment
The research focuses on the JH students of KIS in Kodia, Madridejos, Cebu. Kodia
Integrated School is a school that both having an elementary and junior high students. The
population in this research is all the registered JH students in KIS. The total population includes
188 registered students composed of 4 grade level, Grade 7 to 10 and comprised with different
sections are as follows, only one section in Grade 7, 8, and 10 while grade 9 has 2 sections.
10
The numbers and percentages of all registered JH students was obtained through the KIS
faculty members and their Head Office. The aim for obtaining this information was to evaluate
the representativeness of the sample of students participating in the study of KIS’ population.
Research Respondents
. From the population of Junior High students, there are a total of 188 Junior High
students in Kodia Intergrated School. Participants ranged in age from 13 to 18 years. After
comparing the demographics of the sample with the demographics of the population, the
researcher revealed that the sample is representative in terms of gender and academic status.
Table 1
Freshman 23 22 45
Sophomore 21 20 41
Junior 32 28 60
Senior 24 18 42
Research Instrument
The quantitative instrument for this study is a survey. Ohaja (2003) defines a survey as
the study of the characteristics of a sample through questioning, which enables the researcher to
make generalizations concerning the population of his/her study. This design is considered
appropriate because it enables the researcher to establish the range and distribution of some
social characteristics, and to discover how these characteristics may be related to certain
behavior patterns or attitudes (Zurmuehlin, 1981). The researcher adapts Peter Osharive’s
(Appendix 1). The researcher choose this survey because it was the only available survey that is
addressing the same population (Junior High students), moreover, it was also made to test the
relationship between the social media networks usage and the student’s academic performance.
Thus, the researcher added and edited some questions to make sure that the questionnaire would
The questionnaire is divided into two sections (A and B). Section A consists of 7
that elicited information about the student’s use of social media: Strongly Agree (SA), Agree
(A), Neutral (N), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD) (Osharive, 2015) and one open-
ended question at the end of the questionnaire asking them if they have any further comments
on the impact of social media on your academics. As for the qualitative research instrument, the
several individuals as well as to get views from specific people”. The researcher selected 9
12
questions (Appendix 5) from the survey and rephrased them in order to better understand and
interpret some answers in more depth. The questions varied slightly as that the focus group
solicited the input of students who report that social media had a positive influence on their
performance, a negative influence, and those who didn’t mentioned that social media has no
participants. The pilot was conducted for the intentions of timing the length of the survey per
participant, to check the feasibility of conducting the survey on campus, and to test the clarity of
the items of the survey. The pilot study showed that the items of the survey were clear and did
not cause any confusion, the response and completion rate of the pilot survey was 100% – all
the 42 participants responded and completed the survey. There were no logistical problems at all
Research Procedure
Data Gathering
The study is done in cooperation with the School President, the teachers and the students
of Kodia Integrated School – Junior High School Department. For the quantitative data
collection, the researcher has created the questionnaire in Google Forms and used it to collect
data. After that, the 42 students of Grade 10 - Section 1 will be tested as the focus group. At the
beginning of each class the researcher would introduce the survey, and assure the students that
this survey is anonymous. Each students will be asked to sign in the questionnaire for the
researcher to know that they freely join the study. After that, the data will be analyzed and
interpreted.
Treatment of Data
The collected quantitative data were scored, coded and inserted into SPSS, and were
analyzed using multiple statistical descriptive and inferential statistical tests based on the
As for the qualitative data, the researcher has adopted the “bottom up” approach in
analyzing the data. According to Creswell (2012) “This analysis initially consists of developing
a general sense of the data, and then coding description and themes about the central
phenomenon”. Therefore, focus groups discussions were audio-recorded then transcribed. After
data transcription, the researcher started to highlight influential quotes that are relevant to the
research questions objectives which led to themes formulation that are related to the research
questions.
14
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Social Media: They are forms of electronic communication which facilitate interactive base on
15
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Alwagait, E., Shahzad, B., & Alim, S. (2015). Impact of social media usage on students’
Baumgartner, S., Weeda, W., Heijden, L., & Huizinga, M. (2014). The relationship between
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Bennett, S., Maton, K., & Kervin, L. (2008). The ‘digital natives’ debate: A critical review of
Bluic, A., Ellis, R., Goodyear, B. & Piggott, L. (2010). Learning through face-to-face and online
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Boyd, D. (2007). Why youth (heart) social network sites: The role of networked publics in
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Brym, R., Godbout, M., Hoffbauer, A., Menard, G., & Zhang, T. H. (2014). Social media in the
Calderwood, C., Ackerman, P. L., & Conklin, E. M. (2014). What else do college students “do”
Calderwood, C., Green, J., Joy-Ghaba, J., & Moloney, J. (2016). Forecasting errors in student
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Chan, T., Cheung, C., Na Shi, N., & Lee, M. (2015). Gender differences in satisfaction with
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APPENDIX A
Dear respondents,
The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of social media on the academic life and
Please read carefully and tick the appropriate choice for each statement. Make sure to pick
All information gathered shall be used purely for research purposes and shall be treated with
confidentiality.
4) How many hours do you spend studying per week? (Examples: 10, 15, 11.5. Numerical
answer only)
5) How many hours do you spend on social media daily? (Examples: 10, 15, 11.5. Numerical
answer only)
Instructions: Instructions: Please read each statement carefully and choose the most
appropriate answer.
Strongly Strongly
Statement: Agree Neutral Disagree
Agree Disagree
studying
from my studies
reading
sources
grades
class
media
assignments.
some of my courses.
communication skills.
concentration
21) If you have any further comments on the impact of social media on your academics, please
share it below.
APPENDIX B
Sir:
Greetings of Peace!
I would like to inform your good office that I am presently writing a research paper on
“THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE” to complete my requirements of the course of Bachelor of Science in
Information Technology.
In line with this, I would like to ask for your approval that I will be allowed to conduct a
pilot testing of my research instrument to Grade 10 Section – I students.
Respectfully Yours,
THE RESEARCHER
Noted by:
REYAN D. DIAZ
Research Adviser
APPENDIX C
Sir:
Greetings of Peace!
I would like to inform your good office that I am presently writing a research paper on
“THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE” to complete my requirements of the course of Bachelor of Science in
Information Technology.
In line with this, I would like to ask for your approval that I will be allowed to conduct a
pilot testing of my research instrument to Grade 10 Section – I students.
Respectfully Yours,
THE RESEARCHER
Noted by:
REYAN D. DIAZ
Research Adviser
APPENDIX D
APPENDIX E
1. How many hours do you use social media in academic related purposes daily?
2. Why do you prefer using social media channels in communicating
with your classmates such as: Facebook and WhatsApp than using
MOODLE?
3. What are the differences that you have noticed in your social
4. Do you see that your major affects your social media use in academic related purposes?
Why?
5. How do using social media in academic related purposes affect your academic performance
negatively? Why?
6. Does social media benefits you academically in any way? If yes, How?
7. How do you feel about the professors who require the use of social media in some of their
assignments?
8. How can you manage using social media without distracting you from your studies?
9. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using social media on your academic
performance?
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Height : 6’0”
Weight : 55 kg
Nationality : Filipino
WORK EXPERIENCE
None
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PERSONAL DATA
Height : 5’0”
Weight : 42 kg
Nationality : Filipino
WORK EXPERIENCE
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PERSONAL DATA
Height : 5’9”
Weight : 52 kg
Nationality : Filipino
WORK EXPERIENCE
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary : Madridejos Community College
: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
: 2018-2019
: Bunakan mad Cebu
PERSONAL DATA
Height : 5’3”
Weight : 50 kg
Nationality : Filipino
WORK EXPERIENCE
None
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary : Madridejos Community College
: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
PERSONAL DATA
Height : 4’7”
Weight : 42 kg
Nationality : Filipino
WORK EXPERIENCE
Summer Job
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PERSONAL DATA
Height : 5’5”
Weight : 40 kg
Nationality : Filipino
WORK EXPERIENCE
Summer Job
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PERSONAL DATA
Height : 5’7”
Weight : 49 kg
Nationality : Filipino
WORK EXPERIENCE
Summer Job
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PERSONAL DATA
Height : 5’0”
Weight : 50 kg
Nationality : Filipino
None
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
PERSONAL DATA
Height : 5’2”
Weight : 40 kg
Nationality : Filipino
None
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND