Department of Education

Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
___________________________________________________________________

FACTORS CAUSING LOW GRADES AMONG STUDENTS OF PANAY

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

In partial fulfillment
of the requirements
in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Submitted by:

CHARLYNE LANDOY
KIMLY CAJERAS
SHYRENE JANITO
RACHELLE HONA

CHAPTER I
 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
___________________________________________________________________

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The grading system plays a vital role in evaluating students’ performance

inside of the school. Nowadays, some of students were struggling to get that high

grades in school. As such, it is important for a teacher to motivate their students to

study harder. Meanwhile, students should also maintain good grades for their own

good and own sake in future life.

Alos, Caranto, & David (2005) conclude on their study that students have to

put the greatest effort in their study to obtain good grades and to prepare

themselves for future opportunities.There are some factors that causes students’ to

have low grade. Academic performance according to the Cambridge University

Reporter (2003) is frequently defined in terms of examination performance. As cited

in the study of Ozcan (2021), it is a fact that the student’s academic achievement,

which is one of the most basic and essential aims of education institutions, is also an

expectation of society.

School can be viewed as an effective factor in many ways when it comes to

the development and academic success of the student, and in this regard, the

physical conditions of school. The student's academic success may be attributed to

the school. (Nartgun & Kaya, 2016). Meanwhile, the education level that the family
 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
___________________________________________________________________
possesses can have a bearing on the student’s way of thinking, viewpoint, belief in

democracy and academic achievement. The family nurtures love, responsibility,

social roles, decision making and use of creativity behaviors in the individual (Dil &

Bulantekin, 2011).

The family’s behavior, attitude and approach towards the child are factors

that affect the development of the child’s personality (Kaya et al., 2012).On the other

hand, the findings of the study of Siachifuwe (2017) revealed that the unsatisfactory

academic performance of learners in Open Learning Classes was due to some of the

teacher related factors such as, lack of teacher motivation, inadequate teacher

readiness, lack of punctuality by teachers, lack of teaching aids and non-grading of

learners’ exercises. Meanwhile, in terms of study habits, results of the study of Nair

et al. (2020) revealed that there was a positive link between study habits and

academic performance in English among student-respondents. So it indicates that if

students have that better study habits, it probably will lead to a high grade

performance of the students.

Furthermore, this study focuses on determining what are the factors that

causes low grades among students of Panay National High School. A survey was

conducted and questionnaire were used to collect information and responses of

students.
 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
___________________________________________________________________

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine what are the factors causing low grades among

students of Panay National High School.

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following research questions:

1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents

a. Gender

b. Age

c. Grade Point Average

2. What are the factors that causes low grades among students?

3.
 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
___________________________________________________________________

Significance of the Study

This study is significant to students, parents, teachers, researchers, and future

researchers.

Students will be benefited from this study because grades has an important

role in students life. They will able to understand and to know what are the factors

that causes them to have low grades.

Parents will be benefited from this study because it will give them an idea on

which area their children were having some difficulties in school. It will serve also as

responsible for guiding their children.

Teachers will be benefited from this study because it will uncover some

factors that causes students’ to have low grades in school. With that teachers were

able to help them on how to cope up with some situation.

Researchers will be benefited from this study because it has an access for

some information, which makes finding answers to the question easier. This can also

be their guide if they do their research.

Future researchers will be benefited from this study because they may able to

use this research in future.

 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
___________________________________________________________________

Scope and Delimitations

The study focusses on determining what are the factors that causes low

grades among students. The respondents of the study are composed of purposively

selected Grade 10 students (20 male & 20 female). This study will be conducted in

Panay National High School. This study will be conducted with just limited amount

of financial resources.
 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
___________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER II

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

Academic success is defined as the acquisition of learning objectives, which

are primarily measured through a grading system (Jay & Zain, 2019).

According to Minnesota (2007) “the higher education performance is depends

upon the academic performance of graduate students. Durden and Ellis quoted

Staffolani and Bratti, (2002) who observed that “the measurement of students

previous educational outcomes are the most important indicators of students future

achievement; this refers that the higher the previous appearance, the better will the

student’s academic performance in future endeavors be.

A gap between the achievement of boys and girls has been found, with girls

showing better performance than boys in certain instances (Chambers & Schreiber,

2004).

Tani et al. (2019) evaluated factors contributing to poor academic performance

of students in higher education. The effect of factors relating to family obligations,

work and social commitments, and financial concerns were examined. Results

showed a significant relationship between academic performance of students and

their attendance. Other significant findings included the relationship between

attendance and the level of the study, work shift, ethnicity, whether participants had

any dependents, and how studies were funded.

 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
___________________________________________________________________
Parental involvement in home-based education covers a wide range of issues,

such as parental expectations for their children’s academic future, home supervision,

emotional engagement regarding school problems, the extent to which parents help

their children learn for school assignments or homework (e.g., supervising and

checking homework), and parents’ interactions with their children about school, or

frequency of parent–child communication (Benner, Boyle, & Sadler, 2016; Castro et

al., 2015; W. Fan et al., 2018; Yotyodying & Wild, 2016).

A study of Corak (2013) indicated that students from poor family

backgrounds are put under slavery work and have restricted time to study and this

happens because they regard household work more than education. Also, prevalent

in developing nations are several families who are not capable of feeding twice daily

despite working throughout the day.

The influence of teachers’ teaching effectiveness on the learning outcome of

students as measured by students’ academic performance has been the subject of

several studies (Adediwura and Tayo 2007; Adu and Olatundun 2007; Lockhead and

Komenan 1988; Schacter and Thum 2004; Starr 2002)

Poor academic performance of students in Nigeria has been linked to poor

teachers’ performance in terms of accomplishing the teaching task, negative attitude

to work and poor teaching habits which have been attributed to poor motivation

(Ofoegbu 2004).

According to Brew et al. (2021), teachers and researchers have long been

interested in investigating variables contributing to the quality of academic

 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
___________________________________________________________________
performance of learners. Academic performance is affected by many factors

including parents’ education levels and income, teachers’ knowledge of the subject,

truancy, textbooks availability and accessibility, libraries, practical laboratory, meals

provision and many other factors.

Among the school- related factors found are unqualified and poorly trained

teachers, inadequate facilities, and dilapidated instructional materials. Non-school

factors include poverty, low educational attainment and illiteracy of parents and

poor health and nutrition (Gato et. al 2014).

Marquez (2009) also pointed out that a student who is successful in his

desired career has good study habits. In line with this, she stated that students

should apply these habits to all of their classes. She also suggested that the students

should not try to study all the subjects in a single period.

Bhan and Gupta (2010) conducted a study for academic achievement and

study habit among the students belonging to scheduled caste and non-scheduled

caste group. The result revealed that sex has no significant impact on academic

achievement and study habit of students.

Ogbodo (2010) examined that parent send their children to school to learn. In

the school, children are exposed to various experiences which influence their

behavior. Therefore, learning is a change in behavior. Such a change is seen in their

mental reasoning, physical growth, manipulative skills and development of values

and interest. The change may be easy or difficult depending on the home and school

environment. Reading for recreation or relaxation very common among the

 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
___________________________________________________________________
educated elite. Students, who read magazines at intervals learn to relax, cool their

brain and avoid mental fatigue and also makes them live a disciplined life in the

school. In most cases, its effects in inducing sleep and rest after tedious reading in

the classroom or the library adds to good health habits.

While studying is the best way to grow and attain academic achievements, it

is still a challenging task that needs to be done. Especially in this generation,

distractions such as the internet, television, cellphones, and even friends are

rampant. (Mapua, 2016).

Furthermore, Ebele (2017) suggested that students cannot perform and

improve their academic performance without developing study habits.

In support of the study mentioned above, Ebele & Olofu (2017), in their study

entitled "Study Habit and Its Impact on Secondary School Students' Academic

Performance in Biology in the Federal Capital Territory," revealed that there is a

significant relationship between the said variables. This implied that students who

developed good study habits are likely to have better academic performance in the

school and enhance their academic success.

Nuthana & Yenagi,(2009) have examined the causes of poor academic

performance among university undergraduates. Some of these factors identified are

intellectual ability, poor study habit, achievement motivation, lack of vocational

goals, low selfconcept, low socio-economic status of the family, poor family structure

and so on. If for instance a child consistently fails or performs poorly in his
 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
___________________________________________________________________
examination, he presumably may develop low selfconcept and may lack confidence

to study or pass.

A Daily Sketch Publication on “cause and curse of poor academic

performance” of university undergraduate 2006, identified and categorized factors

responsible for students’ poor performance. Such factors are problem of teachers,

problem of inadequate facilities in the school, problems traceable to students,

problems caused by parents and the society at large and problems of government

policies and low funding of educational sector (Ajila and Olutola 2007).

In the same vein, Ichado (1998) also argued that the environment in which the

student comes from can greatly influence his performance academically in the

school.
 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
___________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER III

METHOD

This study is qualitative in nature and will employ methods relevant to

qualitative type of research.

Design

This study employs the Qualitative research design as it will delve into the

experiences of students with OFW parents.

Respondents

Research Instrument

Can you tell me a little bit about your background and your family’s situation?

How do you communicate with your parent(s) who work overseas?

How often do you hear from your parent(s) who work overseas?
 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
___________________________________________________________________
How has having a parent who work overseas impacted your family life and

relationships?

Have you experienced any challenges or difficulties as a result of having a parent

who works overseas? If so, can you describe them?

How has having a parent who works overseas affected your education and academic

performance?

Have you noticed any challenges in your behavior or emotions as a result of having

a parent who works overseas?

How do you cope with the absence of your parent(s) who work overseas?

Data Collection Procedure

Data Analysis
 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
___________________________________________________________________

REFERENCES

Alos, S. B., Caranto, L. C., & David, J. J. T. (2015). Factors affecting the academic

performance of the student nurses of BSU. International Journal of Nursing

Science, 5(2), 60-65.

Farooq, M. S., Chaudhry, A. H., Shafiq, M., & Berhanu, G. (2011). Factors affecting

students’ quality of academic performance: A case of secondary school level. Journal

of quality and technology management, 7(2), 1-14.

Albarico, Alejandro & Blas, Ria & Cruz, Arlene & Enriquez, Grace. (2023). FACTORS

AFFECTING SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS POOR ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE. 2582-5208. 10.56726/IRJMETS37089.

Jay, A., & Zain, R. M. (2019). The impact of facilities on student’s academic

achievement. Research Gate. Retrieved from:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337590619_THE_IMPACT_OF_FACILI

TIES_ON_STUDENT’S_ ACADEMIC_ACHIEVEMENT

Chambers, E. A., & Schreiber, J. B. (2004). Girls’ academic achievement: Varying

associations of extracurricular activities. Gender and Education, 16(3), 327-346.

Brew, E. A., Nketiah, B., & Koranteng, R. (2021). A literature review of academic

performance, an insight into factors and their influences on academic outcomes of

students at senior high schools. Open Access Library Journal, 8(6), 1-14.
 Department of Education
Region XII
Division of South Cotabato
PANAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Panay, Sto. Nino, South Cotabato
___________________________________________________________________
Minnesota Measures (2007) Report on higher education performance. Retrieved on

May 24, 2008 from www.opencongress.org/bill/110.s/642/show-139k.

Rabia, M., Mubarak, N., Tallat, H., & Nasir, W. (2017). A study on study habits and

academic performance of students. Int J Asian Social Sci, 7(10), 891-897.

Ayodele, C. S., & Adebiyi, D. R. (2013). Study habits as influence of academic

performance of university undergraduates in Nigeria. Research journal in

organizational Psychology & Educational studies, 2(3), 72-75.

Rabia, M., Mubarak, N., Tallat, H., & Nasir, W. (2017). A study on study habits and

academic performance of students. Int J Asian Social Sci, 7(10), 891-897.