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D (Yolo), ( )
D (Yolo), ( )
D (Yolo), ( )
•김중인*
홍익대학교 상경대학 교수
•김미경**
홍익대학교 광고홍보학부 조교수
•이은선***
홍익대학교 광고홍보학부 부교수
Chae, Song & Kim,, 2017; Innocean, 2017; 품을 구매할 계획으로 점포를 방문하였으나 가
Jeong et al., 2021; Kim, Lee, Jeon, Lee, 격할인, 쿠폰제공 등 마케팅 자극의 영향을 받
Kim & Choi,, 2016; Oh, 2017; Yang & Hyun, 아 계획에 없는 제품을 구매하는 경우 또는 구
2018). 따라서 욜로 소비를 하게 되면, 즉 자신 매품목을 정하지 않고 점포를 방문하여 할인쿠
이 행복을 느낄 가능성이 높은 소비를 하게 되 폰을 이용하거나 할인판매를 하는 상품을 구매
면 그 결과로 느끼게 되는 소비행복이 실제로 하는 형태를 말한다.
증가할 가능성이 당연히 높아질 것이다. 그러므 많은 연구에서 충동구매를 비계획 구매와 동
로 다음과 같이 가설을 설정하였다. 의어로 사용하거나 혼용했지만, 충동구매와 비
계획 구매는 동의어가 아니다. 모든 충동구매는
H1. 욜로는 소비행복에 정(+)의 영향을 미칠 것이다. 비계획 구매이지만, 모든 비계획 구매를 충동구
매라고 할 수는 없기 때문이다(Ko, 2008; Kim,
2) 충동구매 www.earticle.net
2017; Rook, 1987; Zhang, Winterich, & Mittal,
2010). 즉 비계획 구매는 충동구매뿐만 아니라
충동구매가 다양한 요인들에 의해 형성되고 합리적인 비계획 구매도 포함하는 보다 넓은 개
다양한 의미를 포함하고 있어서 충동구매에 대 념이다. 합리적인 비계획 구매는 사전계획은 없
한 개념은 학자마다 상이하다. 가장 대표적인 지만, 쇼핑을 하면서 여러 제품을 충분히 비교
연구로서 Stern(1962)은 충동구매를 사전계획 한 후에 어떤 제품을 살 것인지를 합리적 또는
없이 순간적 충동으로 구매하는 비계획적이고 이성적으로 결정하는 경우를 말한다(Ko, 2008).
비합리적인 구매로 정의하고, 순수 충동구매, 욜로와 충동구매간의 관계에 관한 연구는 아
상기(회상) 충동구매, 제안(암시) 충동구매, 계 직 찾아보기 어려우며, 충동구매와 소비행복 간
획(자극) 충동구매로 구분하였다. 순수 충동구 의 관계에 관한 연구도 매우 부족한 실정으로 파
매는 갑자기 마음이 끌리거나 호기심에 의해 구 악되고 있다(Jeon, Lee & Choi, 2019; Jung &
매하는 충동구매를 의미한다. 상기(회상) 충동 Kim, 2018; Kim, 2017). 그러나 선행연구들에
구매는 구매시점에서 필요한 상품을 생각해 내 서는 충동구매의 이유를 소비자들이 자신의 즐
거나 과거에 본 광고를 상기하여 구매하는 형태 거움을 위해 혹은 스트레스나 낮아진 자아존중
의 경험 회상, 판매원의 제안, 가격할인, 쿠폰제 적이 소유에서 벗어나 개인이 추구하는 가치를
공 등과 같은 마케팅 자극에 의해 즉각적으로 높이기 시작하면서 나타난 개념으로서 가치소
구매하는 것을 말한다(Stern, 1962). 따라서 인 비라는 개념이 등장한 초기에는 가치를 지불하
지적 충동구매는 Stern(1962)의 네 가지 충동구 는 가격 대비 획득하는 품질로 인식하고, 명품
매 중에서 과거의 경험 회상에 의한 상기(회상) 과 같이 고가이면서 고품질인 제품을 구매하
충동구매, 판매원의 제안에 의한 제안(암시) 충 는 것을 가치소비라고 하였다(Zeithaml, 1988;
동구매, 그리고 가격할인, 쿠폰제공 등과 같은 Zeithaml et al., 1996). 그 이후에는 지불하는
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Kim & Lee, 2007; Macromill Embrain, 2015; 현재 자신의 행복이나 가치 만족감을 추구하는
Jeon & Lee, 2010; Naver Knowledge Dictionary, 점에서 공통점이 있기 때문에 다음과 같이 가설
2021; Sim, 2018). 예를 들어, 편의점에서 김밥 을 설정하였다.
으로 대충 끼니를 때워도 1만~2만원대 와플이
나 아이스크림을 꼭 사 먹는 경우, 옷은 할인매 H4. 욜로는 개인주의적 가치소비에 정(+)의 영향을 미칠 것이다.
장에서 사 입어도 오디오나 헤드폰은 프리미엄 H5. 개인주의적 가치소비는 소비행복에 정(+)의 영향을 미칠
CH1 Consumption makes my life satisfied (consumption satisfaction). Sung et al. (2013a,
Consumption
CH2 Consumption makes me feel good or happy. 2013b),
Happiness
CH3 Consumption makes me happier than before consumption. Lee & KIm (2019)
Ko (2008),
Affective Impulse EI2 When I find a product I like, I can't stand not buying it.
Silvera et al. (2008),
Buying I have an experience of buying a product I see for the first time because I am
EI3 Stern (1962)
suddenly attracted to it.
Even if I go to buy something else and I see a product I've wanted to buy
CI1
before, I buy it (reminder impulse buying).
Ko (2008),
Cognitive Impulse I tend to buy products that I didn't plan on, even if there are benefits such as
CI2 Silvera et al. (2008),
Buying discounts or free gifts (planned impulse buying).
Stern (1962)
I buy the product when I think I need it, even when I go shopping for something
CI3
else (suggestion impulse buying).
I tend to consume low-priced products (e.g. daily necessities) and high-priced
VC1
products (e.g. value products) together.
Egoistic Value I think it is wise to consume low-priced products (e.g. daily necessities) and Moon & Choo (2008)
VC2
Consumption high-priced products (e.g. value products) together. Lee & Kim (2010)
I think it is good to consume low-priced products (e.g. daily necessities) and
VC3
high-priced products (e.g. value products) together.
4. 실증분석 www.earticle.net
결과, <Table 4>와 같이 요인적재량이 모두 0.6
이상, 공통성이 모두 0.5 이상, 분산의 누적률
1) 기술통계량 이 71.450%로서 60% 이상, KMO 표본적합도가
0.790으로 0.5 이상, Barttlett의 유의확률이
변수의 평균 및 표준편차는 <Table 3>과 같 0.000으로서 모두 기준값을 만족하여 타당성이
다. 감정적 충동구매만이 보통 이하의 수준이고 확보되었다. Cronbach α는 모두 0.7 이상으로
(평균=2.89, 표준편차=0.79), 나머지 변수들은 신뢰성이 확보되었다.
보통 이상의 수준으로 나타났다.
3) 확인적 요인분석
2) 탐색적 요인분석 및 신뢰성 분석
AMOS에서 확인적 요인모형을 구축하고 460
460개의 표본을 반으로 나누어 앞의 230개의 개의 표본을 반으로 나누어 뒤의 230개의 표본
표본에 대해 SPSS에서 주성분분석과 Varimax 에 대해 최대우도법으로 분석한 결과, 가장 대표
직각회전을 사용한 탐색적 요인분석을 수행한 적인 적합도 지수들인 χ2/df, RMR, GFI, AGFI,
Factor Loading
Cognitive Affective Cronbach
Item Egoistic Value Consumption Commonality
Yolo Impulse Impulse α
Consumption Happiness
Buying Buying
VC3 .888 .144 .014 .082 .078 .822
VC2 .872 .096 www.earticle.net
.081 .052 .042 .782 .841
VC1 .785 .115 .176 .131 .104 .688
CH2 .048 .849 .154 .144 .073 .773
CH3 .141 .841 .067 .109 .140 .763 .832
CH1 .171 .819 .083 .069 .109 .723
YO1 -.005 .089 .847 .105 .017 .736
YO2 .112 .042 .799 .162 .181 .711 .779
YO3 .169 .165 .776 .000 .128 .675
CI2 .039 .021 .058 .832 .105 .708
CI3 .085 .154 .059 .798 .145 .693 .730
CI1 .154 .160 .170 .673 .242 .589
EI2 .108 .139 .062 .050 .840 .743
EI1 .001 .020 .194 .191 .789 .698 .748
EI3 .122 .182 .071 .288 .693 .616
TLI, CFI, RMSEA가 모두 양호한 것으로 나타 0.965, CFI=0.973, RMSEA=0.042). <Table 5>
2 2
났다(χ =112.498 df=80, p=0.000, χ /df=1.406, 를 보면, 집중 타당성은 표준화된 요인부하량이
RMR=0.035, GFI=0.943, AGFI=0.914, TLI= 0.6 이상이고, 모든 요인들에 대한 개념 신뢰도
Figure 2. Result of the Multi-parallel Mediation Model Using Phantom Variables (p1~p6) (Unstandardized Coefficients)
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Unstandardized standardized
Hypothesis Path CR p Decision
Coefficient Coefficient
H1 Yolo → Consumption Happiness 0.244** 0.251 3.059 0.002 Accept
**
H2-1 Yolo → Affective Impulse Buying 0.542 0.495 7.440 0.000 Accept
H2-2 Yolo → Cognitive Impulse Buying 0.455** 0.514 7.311 0.000 Accept
H3-1 Affective Impulse Buying → Consumption Happiness 0.064 0.072 1.138 0.255 Reject
**
H3-2 Cognitive Impulse Buying → Consumption Happiness 0.216 0.197 2.889 0.004 Accept
H4 Yolo → Egoistic Value Consumption 0.397** 0.352 5.916 0.000 Accept
H5 Egoistic Value Consumption → Consumption Happiness 0.226** 0.262 4.815 0.000 Accept
p < 0.01
Unstandardized Mediating
Path Effect Type p(BC) Significance
Coefficient Effect
Yolo → Cognitive Impulse Buying → Consumption Direct 0.244** 0.002 Sig. Partial
Happiness Indirect 0.098 *
0.014 Sig. Mediation
**
Yolo → Egoistic Value Consumption → Direct 0.244 0.002 Sig. Partial
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* **
p < 0.05, p < 0.01
Figure 5. Research Model Integrating Affective and Cognitive Impulse Buyings into a Single Construct
3) 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구
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•Joong-In Kim*
Professor, Hongik University
•Mikyoung Kim**
Assistant Professor, Hongik University
•Eunsun Lee***
Associate Professor, Hongik University
YOLO has not only negative meanings such as impulsive buying or over-consumption,
but also positive meanings such as egoistic value consumption boldly
investing in values that one pursues or products that give joy to one’s life without being
conscious of others. However, empirical studies on these conflicting views have not been
conducted yet. Therefore, through a survey and structural equation modeling, this study
attempts to find out which consumption behavior YOLO has a greater causal relationship
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between impulsive buying and egoistic value consumption. In addition, we attempt to
determine whether YOLO has a mediating effect on consumption happiness through
impulsive buying and egoistic value consumption. As a result, YOLO has significant direct
relationships with affective impulse buying, cognitive impulse buying, egoistic value
consumption, and consumption happiness. Affective impulsive buying does not affect
consumption happiness, but cognitive impulsive buying and egoistic value consumption
have effects on consumption happiness. In the relationship between YOLO and
consumption happiness, cognitive impulse buying and egoistic value consumption have
partial mediating effects, but there is no mediating effect through affective impulse
buying. The theoretical and practical implications for these results were presented.
Keywords: YOLO, Consumption Happiness, Affective Impulse Buying, Cognitive Impulse Buying,
Egoistic Value Consumption
*First author(jokim@ongik.ac.kr)
**Co-author(mkkim@hongik.ac.kr)
***Corresponding author(advelee@hongik.ac.kr)